136:, the commander-in-chief, was persuaded to send Reynolds a letter of admonishment but Reynolds would not accept this, and in turn wrote to Horse Guards to request permission to leave the Army. In this he was supported by his guardian, Henry Harvey (by this time an influential figure in society) who threatened to release the true background to the disagreement to the
155:, persuaded Reynolds to stay, with a promise of six months' leave, a two-year senior command course at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst (RMC) and an intimation that he would never again have to serve under Cardigan. Reynolds accepted. The story broke to the public on 17 September 1840, when an anonymous but detailed account of the affair appeared in
128:(a form of beer also sold in black bottles) and sent Reynolds a reprimand for ungentlemanly behaviour. Reynolds refused to accept this and Cardigan had him placed under close arrest, confined to his room for 22 hours a day. After three days of this detention, the conditions were relaxed to "open arrest", while Cardigan travelled to
146:
on which
Reynolds had served as president had denied Cardigan's wish for a conviction; furthermore Cardigan had claimed, without justification, that officers like Reynolds who had served in India lacked discipline. Fearing scandal, not least because a large proportion of the Army's commanders had
286:
department, in 1856, he was posted to
Jamaica as deputy Adjutant-General, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Returning to England after ten years, he was assigned to the northern division of the army at Manchester as assistant Adjutant-General. He retired on 23 December 1864. He was promoted to
299:
At a formal dinner of the 11th
Hussars in 1865, some senior officers of the regiment persuaded Cardigan to meet Reynolds, and the two men entered the dining room together, hand-in-hand. Cardigan and Reynolds rode together at the farewell parade of the 11th Hussars on 15 May 1866, before the
96:. The regiment was recalled to England in 1838, and Reynolds was promoted to lieutenant in November of that year. He initially made a favourable impression upon Lord Cardigan, the commanding officer (with whom he was on social terms), and on 10 January 1840, he was, by
68:(HEIC), who in 1807, had returned to live in England after his retirement. Charles Reynolds died in 1819 and John Reynolds became the ward of Henry Harvey, another former officer of the HEIC, whose own son died 1828. In April 1830, Reynolds was sent as a boarder to
164:
Reynolds was allowed paid leave for the remainder of 1840, until he received leave of absence to take his place at RMC Sandhurst. The generous terms
Somerset offered Reynolds did not go unnoticed:
846:
308:
On 20 January 1841, Reynolds was married to Helen Harvey, his guardian's daughter. A son, Henry
Charles Reynolds, was born 12 October 1841. After a short illness Reynolds died in
176:
speech on 13 May 1841 that the undue favouritism being shown to
Reynolds was, in the public's mind, a confirmation that Cardigan had been in the wrong but, as an
97:
856:
851:
831:
173:
89:
673:
31:
604:
689:
195:
On
Reynolds's release from the army, he enrolled as a student at the Royal College of Chemistry, London, investigating the new field of
152:
148:
769:
587:
502:
41:
841:
133:
836:
402:
280:
65:
124:
for a guest, which the waiter brought to the table in its customary black bottle. Lord
Cardigan mistook the beverage for
544:
183:
On completion of the course, Reynolds did not return to service immediately, taking official leave-of-absence as a "
244:
200:
45:
634:
494:
44:. After graduating, he did not return to regimental duties but took up the study of organic chemistry at the
646:
129:
486:
425:
826:
821:
709:
117:
36:
351:
765:
739:
669:
583:
498:
392:
288:
248:
196:
53:
34:, his commanding officer, (the notorious "black bottle affair") made him famous, and a popular
203:. In April 1850, Reynolds published a paper in which he reported the identification of a new
616:
579:
374:
276:
256:
665:
437:
252:
27:
112:, Kent, the officers of the 11th Hussars (the renamed 11th Light Dragoons) held a formal
694:
421:
132:, London, (the headquarters of the British army) to complain of Reynolds's behaviour.
815:
735:
468:
143:
125:
109:
81:
212:
165:
138:
121:
85:
69:
637:, ed. (1 June 1850). "Proceedings of Societies—the Chemical Society of London".
268:
204:
64:
Reynolds was the son of
Lieutenant-General Charles Reynolds of the army of the
757:
272:
177:
743:
56:. He was recalled to service in 1851 and rose to the rank of Major-General.
520:
453:
397:
239:. He named the gas propylene, after the hypothesised, but not yet isolated,
208:
169:
157:
113:
49:
576:
The chemistry department at
Imperial College, London: a history, 1845–2000
620:
240:
184:
355:
142:
newspaper: Cardigan's resentment of the young officer had arisen when a
552:
339:
309:
216:
23:
93:
40:
in London. At the end of 1840, he left his regiment to study at the
732:
The Historical Records of the Eleventh Hussars, Prince Albert's Own
471:, ed. (February 1840). "War Office Promotions and Appointments".
120:, the Inspector-General of Cavalry. Reynolds ordered a bottle of
247:
recognised this as an important step in the development of the
219:
and isolated the resulting compound. He deduced that this was C
211:
was heated he found that a component in the original mixture,
605:"XV.—On "propylene," a new hydrocarbon of the series C n H n"
215:, yielded an unknown gas. To identify it, he reacted it with
84:
in the British Army, taking a passage to India to join the
275:
decided that Reynolds should be recalled to fill vacated
279:
positions. After a spell of duty at Horse Guards in the
639:
The Chemical Gazette, or Journal of Practical Chemistry
473:
United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal
80:
On 18 September 1835, Reynolds was commissioned as a
764:(1999 ed.). London: Little Brown. p. 475.
344:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
340:"The Black Bottle Affair and its Family Background"
847:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
524:. No. 17465. 17 September 1840. pp. 4–5.
574:Gay, Hannah; Griffith, William Pettitt (2017).
457:. No. 17465. 19 September 1840. p. 4.
804:. No. 17800. 13 October 1841. p. 7.
789:. No. 17573. 21 January 1841. p. 7.
762:The homicidal Earl: the life of Lord Cardigan
8:
207:: while analysing the products formed when
518:"Earl of Cardigan and the 11th Hussars".
231:and that the original gas was therefore C
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
321:
180:, he was being shielded from scrutiny.
416:
414:
412:
367:
365:
48:, London. He discovered the compound
7:
730:Williams, Godfrey Trevelyan (1908).
387:
385:
108:On 18 May 1840, while stationed at
22:(1817–28 July 1874) was an English
16:English cavalry officer and chemist
116:in honour of a visit from General
14:
199:under the direction of Professor
42:Royal Military College, Sandhurst
30:. His disagreement in 1840 with
857:Fellows of the Chemical Society
852:People educated at Eton College
698:. 26 August 1859. p. 3206.
491:Cardigan: the hero of Balaclava
430:Journal of the Chemical Society
291:major-general on 6 March 1868.
428:(ed.). "Anniversary Meeting".
257:The Chemical Society of London
1:
832:19th-century British chemists
300:regiment's posting to India.
92:" regiment then stationed at
66:Honourable East India Company
378:. 6 August 1875. p. 33.
312:, Germany, on 28 July 1874.
295:Reconciliation with Cardigan
72:, leaving after four years.
873:
662:Acetylene and Its Polymers
603:Reynolds, John W. (1851).
495:Routledge & Kegan Paul
245:Royal Society of Chemistry
46:Royal College of Chemistry
647:Richard & John Taylor
534:Thomas (1987) pp.113, 129
660:Rasmussen, Seth (2018).
271:at the end of 1853, the
842:Military administrators
267:On the outbreak of the
719:: 1594. 10 March 1874.
545:"The Earl of Cardigan"
338:Miller, David (2001).
20:John Williams Reynolds
837:11th Hussars officers
664:. Cham, Switzerland:
451:"Brighton Sept. 17".
372:"The Army and Navy".
104:"Black bottle" affair
52:, thus advancing the
621:10.1039/QJ8510300111
251:. He was elected a
110:Canterbury Barracks
86:11th Light Dragoons
263:Army staff officer
249:theory of homology
191:Study of chemistry
153:military secretary
76:Regimental service
54:theory of homology
675:978-3-319-95488-2
549:api.parliament.uk
197:organic chemistry
172:MP, alleged in a
147:served in India,
864:
806:
805:
797:
791:
790:
782:
776:
775:
754:
748:
747:
727:
721:
720:
714:
706:
700:
699:
686:
680:
679:
657:
651:
650:
635:Francis, William
631:
625:
624:
600:
594:
593:
580:World Scientific
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
541:
535:
532:
526:
525:
515:
509:
508:
483:
477:
476:
465:
459:
458:
448:
442:
441:
418:
407:
406:
398:Annual Army List
389:
380:
379:
375:Pall Mall Budget
369:
360:
359:
335:
285:
281:Adjutant-General
241:propylic alcohol
185:half-pay-officer
174:House of Commons
100:, made captain.
872:
871:
867:
866:
865:
863:
862:
861:
812:
811:
810:
809:
799:
798:
794:
784:
783:
779:
772:
756:
755:
751:
738:. p. 306.
729:
728:
724:
712:
708:
707:
703:
688:
687:
683:
676:
659:
658:
654:
633:
632:
628:
609:Q. J. Chem. Soc
602:
601:
597:
590:
573:
572:
568:
558:
556:
543:
542:
538:
533:
529:
517:
516:
512:
505:
485:
484:
480:
467:
466:
462:
450:
449:
445:
422:Abel, Frederick
420:
419:
410:
391:
390:
383:
371:
370:
363:
350:(319): 209–18.
337:
336:
323:
318:
306:
297:
283:
265:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
201:Wilhelm Hofmann
193:
106:
78:
62:
28:organic chemist
17:
12:
11:
5:
870:
868:
860:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
814:
813:
808:
807:
792:
777:
770:
749:
722:
717:London Gazette
701:
695:London Gazette
681:
674:
668:. p. 11.
652:
645:(83). London:
626:
615:(2): 111–120.
595:
588:
582:. p. 29.
566:
536:
527:
510:
503:
497:. p. 91.
487:Thomas, Donald
478:
475:. p. 293.
469:Colburn, Henry
460:
443:
408:
395:, ed. (1859).
381:
361:
320:
319:
317:
314:
305:
302:
296:
293:
264:
261:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
192:
189:
105:
102:
77:
74:
61:
58:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
869:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
819:
817:
803:
796:
793:
788:
785:"Marriages".
781:
778:
773:
771:0-349-10854-4
767:
763:
759:
753:
750:
745:
741:
737:
736:George Newnes
733:
726:
723:
718:
711:
705:
702:
697:
696:
691:
685:
682:
677:
671:
667:
663:
656:
653:
648:
644:
640:
636:
630:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
599:
596:
591:
589:9781783269730
585:
581:
577:
570:
567:
555:. 13 May 1841
554:
550:
546:
540:
537:
531:
528:
523:
522:
514:
511:
506:
504:0-7102-1205-4
500:
496:
492:
488:
482:
479:
474:
470:
464:
461:
456:
455:
447:
444:
439:
438:J. van Voorst
435:
431:
427:
423:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:. p. 56.
404:
400:
399:
394:
388:
386:
382:
377:
376:
368:
366:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
334:
332:
330:
328:
326:
322:
315:
313:
311:
304:Personal life
303:
301:
294:
292:
290:
282:
278:
277:staff officer
274:
270:
262:
260:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
190:
188:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:Lord Somerset
145:
144:court martial
141:
140:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
103:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
75:
73:
71:
67:
59:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:
37:cause célèbre
33:
32:Lord Cardigan
29:
25:
21:
801:
795:
786:
780:
761:
752:
731:
725:
716:
704:
693:
684:
661:
655:
642:
638:
629:
612:
608:
598:
575:
569:
557:. Retrieved
548:
539:
530:
519:
513:
490:
481:
472:
463:
452:
446:
433:
429:
426:Watts, Henry
396:
373:
347:
343:
307:
298:
266:
213:amyl alcohol
194:
182:
166:George Muntz
163:
156:
139:Morning Post
137:
130:Horse Guards
122:moselle wine
118:James Sleigh
107:
79:
70:Eton College
63:
35:
26:officer and
19:
18:
827:1874 deaths
822:1817 births
758:David, Saul
403:John Murray
393:Hart, H. G.
269:Crimean War
205:hydrocarbon
114:mess dinner
816:Categories
800:"Births".
734:. London:
578:. London:
559:8 February
493:. London:
440:: 620–621.
436:. London:
401:. London:
316:References
273:War Office
178:aristocrat
60:Early life
802:The Times
787:The Times
744:752898837
521:The Times
454:The Times
209:fusel oil
170:reformist
158:The Times
134:Lord Hill
50:propylene
760:(1997).
710:"Brevet"
666:Springer
489:(1987).
424:(1876).
356:44232607
98:purchase
690:"Staff"
553:Hansard
310:Koblenz
217:bromine
90:society
24:cavalry
768:
742:
672:
649:: 218.
586:
501:
354:
289:brevet
284:'s
253:Fellow
243:. The
151:, the
126:porter
94:Meerut
82:cornet
713:(PDF)
352:JSTOR
88:, a "
766:ISBN
740:OCLC
670:ISBN
643:VIII
584:ISBN
561:2024
499:ISBN
168:, a
617:doi
255:of
187:".
818::
715:.
692:.
641:.
611:.
607:.
551:.
547:.
432:.
411:^
384:^
364:^
348:79
346:.
342:.
324:^
259:.
227:Br
161:.
774:.
746:.
678:.
623:.
619::
613:3
592:.
563:.
507:.
434:1
358:.
237:6
235:H
233:6
229:2
225:5
223:H
221:6
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.