235:... f6, Philidor supported it with f2–f4 and in case of fxe5, he continued with dxe5. At this point, having reached a configuration where White had a kingside majority, Philidor could advance the pawn e-, f-, and possibly g-pawn against the enemy castling. According to Philidor this attack was not only winning, but, due to the fact that Black could not prevent the opponent from achieving a kingside majority, the French believed that the first player had a decisive advantage and, with perfect play, White would always win the game. The Modenese School, in contrast, preferred to develop the pieces quickly, change a couple of pawns in the center and concentrate all its forces against a specific target (usually the opponent's king). Allgaier is half-way between the two Schools, he agrees with Philidor on the force of the kingside majority, but at the same time he argues that his experience as a player and as a student of chess led him to believe that the pieces' play
130:, the meeting place of many strong players in the capital, including Anton Witthalm and the Count Johann Somssich. Witthalm was one of the persons interviewed by Anton Baron Reisner to reconstruct Allgaier's life of that period. Witthalm reported that Allgaier's style was brilliant and mainly focused on attacking, while Somssich, by contrast, was more cautious and defensive. When Allgaier played, a crowd of spectators gathered at the premises of the Café to admire his brilliant play. Santo Vito, who edited the 6th and 7th edition of Allgaier's book, collected some of these games in an appendix. Allgaier was used to accept the challenge of anyone for a
117:, the person, who, in those days, was in charge of the education of the children of the rich and noble families. The young Johann received a Catholic education and was directed by his father towards the study of theology. Following a trip to Poland, however, he learned chess from a Polish Jew and the game became his main interest at the expense of the study of theology. Subsequently, in 1798, he moved to Vienna and joined the army. In the Austrian capital, he was able to improve his chess skills. Towards the end of 1780, he won an important match from which he earned 1,500
230:, a decisive advantage since it can advance, as Philidor had taught in his treatise, against the enemy castling (e.g. e2–e4–e5, f2–f4, g2–g4, f4–f5 etc.). Unlike Philidor, however, he did not think that after 1.e4 e5 the move 2.Nf3 was a mistake. The French master believed that this move was wrong, in principle, because it prevents the f2-pawn from advancing and supporting, if needed, the e5-pawn. The pieces, according to Philidor, were better developed behind the pawns and, consequently, the knight had to be placed on e2 or f3, but only
321:) 15.Qxe5+ Kf7 16.Nxd5 cxd5 17.Bxd5+ Kf8 18.Bb3 Rf5 19.Qe4 Qc7 (19...Qe8!=) 20.Qd3 (20.g4! Rxf2 21.Qh7+−) 20...h5 21.h4 Be7 22.f3 a5 23.a4 b5 24.g4 bxa4 25.Bxa4 Rf6 26.Rhe1 Rb8 27.g5? gives the f5-square to the black bishop (27.Re4= Rfb6 28.b3) 27...Rfb6 28.b3 g6 29.d5? Bf5 30.Rxe7 Qxe7 31.Qc3 Kg8 32.Kb2 Rc8 33.Bc6 Qd6 34.Re1 a4 35.Qa5 a3+ 36.Qxa3 Rbxc6 37.dxc6 Qxc6 38.c4 Ra8 39.Qe7 Qa6 40.Qe2 Qa3+ 41.Kc3 Qa5+ 42.Kb2 Qc5 43.Kc3 Qa5+ 44.Kb2 Qb4? (44...Qa3+ 45.Kc3 Rb8 46.Qd1 Qa5+ 47.Kb2 Rd8
126:. Since Allgaier was in the army, he participated in the Napoleonic wars between Austria and France. In 1809, he was employed in a field hospital, where he became ill with chronic asthma. Later it was moved to Prague where he became an accountant at the military hospital. He returned to Vienna in 1816 where the Emperor gave him, for health reasons (asthma), a modest pension. In order to make some additional money, he played chess in the Cafés of Vienna, and in particular to the
336:
27.Bd5 Rg8 28.Rd4 Rh6 29.a4 Rgg6 30.Rdf4 Rg3 31.Bf3? Nxf3 32.Rxf3 Rxf3 33.Rxf3 Kd7 34.Kh2 Ke6 35.Kg3? (35.Re3+ Kxf6 36.Re8 and 37.Rb8) 35...Rxf6 36.Rxf6+ Kxf6 37.Kf4 d5? 38.a5? (38.h4! h6 39.g4 b6 40.h5! b5 41.a5 Ke6 42.g5+−) 38...h6? (38...Ke6! 39.Kg5 Ke5 40.Kh6 Ke4=) 39.g3? (39.g4 like in the previous variation) 39...Ke6 40.h4 f5 41.Ke3 Ke5 42.h5 Ke6 43.Kd4 Kd6 44.c4 dxc4 45.Kxc4 Kc6 46.Kd4 Kb5
240:
he was much more inclined to tactical play where the pieces come violently in contact with each other rather than to the slow movements of infantry advocated by
Philidor (this fact is also confirmed by Witthalm). Only in his writings, he is closer to Philidor, whose ideas were prevailing at the time. From this perspective, it is probably not a coincidence that the variant of the
154:
267:, Santo Vito added an appendix containing four games played by the strongest players in Vienna. Anton Witthalm, interviewed by Reisner, affirmed that Allgaier had a very tactical style of play and the games recorded by Santo Vito (or at least part of them) were played by Allgaier. These games are rare and cannot be found in the common chess databases like
20:
134:. This price for weaker players, also included a short lesson of the master after the game. In fact, Allgaier throughout most of his life had to deal with a constant shortage of money as it emerges from the memoirs of Karl Heinrich von Ritters Lang. Financial problems were often the reasons, for some players, to accept
335:
1.e4 e5 2.f4 d6 3.Nf3 Bg4 4.Bc4 Nf6 5.c3 Bxf3 6.Qxf3 Nc6 7.0-0 exf4 8.d4 g5 9.Bxf4! gxf4 10.Qxf4 Be7 11.e5 dxe5 12.dxe5 Qd7 13.exf6 Bc5+ 14.Kh1 0-0-0 15.b4 (15.Bxf7) 15...Bd6 16.Qf2 Kb8 17.Na3 Rhg8 18.Qf5 Qxf5 19.Rxf5 Ne5 20.Re1 Rg4 21.Bb3 Nd3 22.Ref1 Rh4 23.h3 Ne5 24.Nb5 a6 25.Nxd6 cxd6+− 26.Rd1 Kc7
234:
the f-pawn was moved to f4. Often in
Philidor's analysis, White occupies the center with e2–e4 followed by c2–c3 and d2–d4, starting from this configuration, the French pushed the pawn on e4 to e5 with the goal to gain space in the center and on the kingside. If the opponent attacked the e5-pawn with
569:
is here reported: 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 Bc5 3.c3 Nf6 4.d4 exd4 5.cxd4 Bb6 6.Nc3 0-0 7.Nge2 c6 8.Bd3 d5 9.e5 Ne8 10.Be3 f6 11.Qd2 fxe5 12.dxe5 Be6 13.Nf4 Qe7 14.Bxb6 axb6 15.0-0 Nd7 16.Nxe6 Qxe6 17.f4 Nc7 18.Rae1 g6 19.h3 d4 20.Ne4 h6 21.b3 b5 22.g4 Nd5 23.Ng3 Ne3 24.Rxe3 dxe3 25.Qxe3 Rxa2 26.Re1 Qxb3 27.Qe4
239:
was a good alternative. Thus, the move 2.Nf3 was, according to
Allgaier, perfectly playable if followed by a strategy that would lead to maximize the influence of the pieces rather than pawns. The games reported by Santo Vito, which, at least part of them, were probably played by Allgaier show that
302:
b5? (23...Rhf8) 24.Ne3 (24.cxb5! Bxd5 25.Rfc1) 24...g5 25.Qf6 Rhf8 26.Qh6 bxc4 27.Nxc4 Rxf2 28.Rxf2 Qxf2+ 29.Kxf2 Ng4+ 30.Kg3 Nxh6= 31.Rf1 Re2 32.Rf2 Nf5+? (32...Rxf2=) 33.Rxf5 Rxg2+ 34.Kh3 g4+ 35.Kh4 Bf3 36.Rf7+ Kb8 37.Ne5 Rxh2+ 38.Kg5 h6+ 39.Kf4 Rf2 40.Nxf3 Rxf3+ 41.Kxg4 Rxf7 42.Bxf7
93:), by working in archives and by interviewing Allgaier's family members and others who knew him, managed to recover some details of the life of this master. Subsequently, it was discovered that some information was also present in the memories of
325:) 45.Ra1 (45.Qd1 Qa3+ 46.Kc3 Rb8 47.Re5! White is worse, but not immediately lost) 45...Rb8 46.Qe3 Qxc4 47.Rc1 Qxh4 48.Qd2 Be6 49.Rc3 Qb4 50.Qc2 Bf5 51.Qd2 Qb7 52.Qd6 Qb6 53.Qg3 Qb5 54.Qg2 Re8 55.Rc4 Bd3 56.Kc3 Bxc4 57.bxc4 Re3+ 58.Kd2 Qb2+
165:. The fact that he died in a public institution, although he was married, gives, according to Anton Baron Reisner, a clear proof of Allgaier's shortage of money. This was also confirmed by the papers of his legacy, which Reisner examined.
351:
0-0 9.0-0? Nd4 10.Nxd4 exd4 11.Nd1 a6 (11...Qa5!) 12.Ba4 b5 13.Bb3 Re8 14.Qd2 Qe7 15.c3 dxc3?! (15...Qe5! 16.f4 Qh5) 16.Nxc3? d4 17.Nd5? Nxd5 18.Bxd5 Qe5 19.Bxf7+ Kxf7 20.f4 Qe3+ 21.Kh1 Bb7 22.Qc2 Qe2 23.Qb3+ Kf8 24.Rg1 Bxg2+ 0–1
297:
gxh6? 10.Qb5+ Kd6 11.Qd5+ Ke7 12.Qe5+) 9...Kb6 10.Be3 exd4 11.Bxd4+ c5 12.Be3 Nc6 13.Nc3 a6 14.Nd5+ Ka7 15.b4 Bd6 16.bxc5 Qa5+ 17.c3? (17.Bd2!) 17...Bxc5 18.0-0 Bd7 19.Rab1 Rae8 20.Bxc5+ Qxc5 21.Qf4 Ne5 22.Bb3 Bc6
121:
and the reputation of the city's best player. This allowed
Allgaier access to the aristocratic circles of the capital where he gave chess lessons. He also became the teacher of the sons and brothers of the Emperor
340:(46...Kd6=) 47.Kc3?? (47.Ke5 Kxb4 48.Kxf5 Kxa5 49.g4 Kb5 50.g5 hxg5 51.h6+−) 47...b6 48.axb6 Kxb6 49.Kb3 Kb5 50.Kc3 Ka4?? (50...Kc6 51.Kc4 Kb6=) 51.Kc4 Ka3 52.b5 axb5+ 53.Kxb5 Kb3 54.Kc5 Kc3 55.Kd5 1–0
188:, which was regarded in some parts of Europe as the best text book of the time and was reprinted several times, even after his death; the seventh and final edition was in 1843.
69:
traveled to Vienna between 1862 and 1863 and searched the archives of the city for some details about him, but in vain. Only in 1870 Anton Baron
Reisner (a founder of the
65:
Relatively few details of his life are known. Only a few years after his death almost all information concerning his life, including dates of birth and death, were lost.
207:) between which he tried some sort of compromise. The influence of the French master seemed dominant, however, and Allgaier was later called the "German Philidor".
745:
570:
Qe6 28.f5 gxf5 29.gxf5 Qd5 30.Qxd5+ cxd5 31.Bxb5 Nb6 32.f6 Rb2 33.Bd3 Kf7 34.Bf5 Nc4 35.Nh5 Rg8+ 36.Bg4 Nd2 37.e6+ Kg6 38.f7 Rf8 39.Nf4+ Kg7 40.Bh5 1–0
313:
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 Nxd5 6.Nxf7 Kxf7 7.Qf3+ Ke6 8.Nc3 Nce7 9.d4 c6 10.Bg5 h6 11.Bxe7 Bxe7 12.0-0-0? Bg5+ 13.Kb1 Rf8 14.Qe4 Rf4
244:
750:
775:
192:
780:
282:. The first and second game show a more complex tactical struggle; game three, on the other hand, indicates a very poor endgame technique.
770:
385:
377:
271:, 365chess, chessbites or chesslab and, consequently, are here reported. In the original text, there were no comments to the games;
755:
191:
From his treatise, it is clear that
Allgaier knew very well the literature of his time. He was influenced both by the ideas of
123:
251:) is a particularly sharp opening. After 5... h6, in fact, White must sacrifice the knight with 6.Nxf7, leading to a very
760:
765:
326:
304:
176:
204:
82:
629:
348:
337:
322:
318:
314:
299:
294:
290:
255:(the author's analysis on this opening line is contained in the fourth edition of the Neue Anweisung of 1819).
87:
70:
279:
161:
At the end of
December 1822, he was admitted to the military hospital in Vienna and died a few days later of
131:
118:
106:
718:
580:
135:
695:
706:
740:
735:
691:
147:
142:. Allgaier played hidden in the chess Automaton in 1809. A game played that year by the Turk against
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200:
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729:
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50:
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275:
and the notes between square parenthesis come from analysis carried out with the
53:
and theoretician. He was also the author of the first chess handbook in German –
565:
In order not to make the previous section too abstract, the first game of the
535:
D. Hooper and K. Whyld, The Oxford
Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), 1992, page 18
458:
D. Hooper and K, Whyld, The Oxford
Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), 1992, page 18
153:
143:
268:
347:
1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 c6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.d3 d5 5.exd5 cxd5 6.Bb5+ Nc6 7.Nf3 Bd6 8.Qe2
19:
482:
D. Fiske, The Book of the first
American Chess Congress (1859) page 431
633:
162:
43:
97:
written in 1842, but not known to the chess historians of the time.
247:
after him (1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Nf3 g5 4.h4 g4 5.Ng5, the so-called
221:
213:
152:
47:
18:
717:(July–August 1870). Berlin: Julius Springer: 193–197 – via
584:
434:
P. R. von Bilguer, Handbuch des schachspiels (1891) pages 49–50
184:
In 1795 and 1796 published in Vienna (in two volumes) his book
113:. His father, Georg Allgaier, was employed at a monastery as a
466:
464:
705:
Reisner, Anton Baron. A. Anderssen; J. H. Zukertort (eds.).
493:"Napoleon Bonaparte vs. The Turk (Automaton), Vienna 1809"
16:
German-Austrian chess master and theoretician (1763–1823)
402:
400:
398:
396:
394:
583:. World Correspondence Chess Federation. Archived from
442:
440:
186:
Neue Theoretische-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiel
661:
Neue theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiel
55:
Neue theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiel
29:
Neue theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiel
686:(6th ed.). Vienna: Carl Haas'sche Buchhandlung.
293:6.Bxh6 dxe5 7.Qh5+ Kd7 8.Qf5+ Kc6 9.Qxe4+? (9.Qxe5
105:Johann Baptist Allgaier was born in 1763 in the
556:A. D. Philidor, Analyse du jeu des Échec (1749)
289:1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bc4 f5 4.d4 fxe4 5.Nxe5 Nh6
210:Allgaier had a particular preference for the
8:
368:W. Litmanowicz and J. Giżycki (1986, 1987).
672:Der Anweisung zum Schachspiel zweyter Theil
25:Der Anweisung zum Schachspiel zweyter Theil
697:Geschichte und Litteratur des Schachspiels
547:edited by Saint-Amant (1842) pages 105–117
417:
415:
372:. Wydawnictwo Sport i Turystyka Warszawa.
604:
523:
511:
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263:In the sixth and seventh edition of the
700:. Vol. 1. Berlin: Julius Springer.
361:
746:Sportspeople from the Austrian Empire
7:
616:
406:
14:
446:
422:
751:People from Biberach (district)
27:(1796), the second part of his
675:. Vienna: Franz Joseph Rötzel.
664:. Vienna: Franz Joseph Rötzel.
95:Karl Heinrich von Ritters Lang
1:
776:18th-century Austrian writers
630:"www.chesslogik.com/Fire.htm"
109:; his mother tongue was the
781:18th-century German writers
711:Neue Berliner Schachzeitung
226:, which he believed to be,
157:A 1980s Turk reconstruction
150:is attributed to Allgaier.
83:Neue Berliner Schachzeitung
797:
683:Anweisung zum Schachspiele
172:
658:Allgaier, Johann (1795).
567:Analyse du jeu des Échecs
195:and the Modenese School (
71:Wiener Schachgesellschaft
23:First page of Allgaier's
771:Game players from Vienna
179:to describe chess moves.
80:and collaborator of the
46:) was a German-Austrian
692:Linde, Antonius van der
259:Style of play and games
36:Johann Baptist Allgaier
756:Austrian chess players
719:Bavarian State Library
158:
32:
156:
22:
581:"ECO classification"
107:Duchy of Württemberg
761:Chess theoreticians
473:, pp. 220–222.
449:, pp. 419–420.
409:, pp. 193–197.
61:About his biography
42:– January 3, 1823,
619:, pp. 193–97.
607:, pp. 220–22.
425:, pp. 419–420
317:(14...Rf5? 15.Rhe1
177:algebraic notation
175:This section uses
169:Influence on chess
159:
128:Zur Goldenen Krone
57:(Vienna 1795–96).
33:
766:Deaths from edema
707:"Johann Allgaier"
249:Allgaier's Gambit
148:Schönbrunn Palace
138:offer to operate
788:
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687:
680:— (1834).
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669:— (1796).
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265:Neue Anweisung
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636:on 2010-05-29
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605:Allgaier 1834
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587:on 2009-04-19
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638:. Retrieved
634:the original
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280:FireBird 1.2
277:chess engine
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237:all'italiana
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67:Daniel Fiske
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40:Schussenried
35:
34:
28:
24:
741:1823 deaths
736:1763 births
545:Le Palamède
344:Fourth Game
310:Second Game
273:punctuation
86: [
74: [
730:Categories
640:2010-05-29
591:2009-11-01
380:(1. A-M),
356:References
332:Third Game
286:First Game
124:Francis II
115:Hofmeister
421:cited in
269:ChessBase
101:Biography
694:(1874).
388:(2. N-Z)
222:majority
214:kingside
205:Ponziani
193:Philidor
144:Napoleon
140:the Turk
136:Mälzel's
652:Sources
617:Reisner
407:Reisner
197:del Rio
119:florins
384:
376:
163:dropsy
132:florin
51:master
44:Vienna
31:(1795)
447:Linde
423:Linde
298:23.c4
245:named
232:after
218:pawn
201:Lolli
90:]
78:]
48:chess
382:ISBN
374:ISBN
203:and
327:0–1
305:1–0
146:at
732::
713:.
709:.
495:.
463:^
439:^
414:^
393:^
349:?!
338:??
323:−+
319:+−
199:,
88:de
76:de
721:.
715:7
643:.
594:.
526:.
514:.
501:.
315:!
300:=
295:!
291:?
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
