270:
483:
36:
244:
Joints are mainly classified structurally and functionally. Structural classification is determined by how the bones connect to each other, while functional classification is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones. In practice, there is significant overlap between the two
410:
allowed, and distinguished between joints with one, two or three degrees of freedom. A further classification is according to the number and shapes of the articular surfaces: flat, concave and convex surfaces. Types of articular surfaces include
624:
of the joint or simply as a result of aging and the deterioration of articular cartilage. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that abnormal anatomy may contribute to early development of osteoarthritis. Other forms of arthritis are
1316:
Klein, E. (1971). A comprehensive etymological dictionary of the
English language. Dealing with the origin of words and their sense development thus illustration the history of civilization and culture. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science
364:. Individual intervertebral discs allow for small movements between adjacent vertebrae, but when added together, the vertebral column provides the flexibility that allows the body to twist, or bend to the front, back, or side.
51:
663:(TMJ) involves the jaw joints and can cause facial pain, clicking sounds in the jaw, or limitation of jaw movement, to name a few symptoms. It is caused by psychological tension and misalignment of the jaw (
402:
Joints can also be classified, according to the number of axes of movement they allow, into nonaxial (gliding, as between the proximal ends of the ulna and radius), monoaxial (uniaxial), biaxial and
316:– not directly joined – the bones have a synovial cavity and are united by the dense irregular connective tissue that forms the articular capsule that is normally associated with accessory ligaments.
616:
Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 55. There are many different forms of arthritis, each of which has a different cause. The most common form of arthritis,
553:
are abundant in joint capsules and ligaments, as well as in the outer part of intra-articular menisci. These nerve fibers are responsible for pain perception when a joint is strained.
277:
Structural classification names and divides joints according to the type of binding tissue that connects the bones to each other. There are four structural classifications of joints:
4709:
209:, are self-lubricating, almost frictionless, and are able to withstand compression and maintain heavy loads while still executing smooth and precise movements. Other joints such as
3975:
1068:
649:
crystals in the joint that results in subsequent inflammation. Additionally, there is a less common form of gout that is caused by the formation of rhomboidal-shaped crystals of
2951:
4686:
3952:
1387:
2823:
2580:
4038:
3490:
2861:
423:
Joints can also be classified based on their anatomy or on their biomechanical properties. According to the anatomic classification, joints are subdivided into
335:
Joints can also be classified functionally according to the type and degree of movement they allow: Joint movements are described with reference to the basic
149:
4283:
878:
4278:
4375:
3934:
3814:
3674:
3129:
241:
are included, age of the human and the definition of joints. However, the number of sesamoids is the same in most people with variations being rare.
3810:
3692:
2944:
2906:
714:
Humans have also developed lighter, more fragile joint bones over time due to the decrease in physical activity compared to thousands of years ago.
3579:
3257:
797:
4591:
3075:
1380:
1097:
1005:
4586:
3574:
2816:
2511:
1138:
125:
3302:
2573:
1340:
4704:
4428:
4138:
4031:
3929:
3906:
3537:
3483:
2937:
2917:
1072:
4553:
4460:
3911:
3853:
3532:
2912:
2856:
1042:
4681:
4653:
4620:
4558:
4148:
3208:
2699:
1373:
1237:
861:
781:
4625:
4576:
4530:
4414:
4143:
3895:
3890:
3761:
3702:
3623:
3439:
3203:
2809:
2212:
660:
4581:
4535:
4493:
4410:
4306:
3252:
3149:
3008:
2566:
1288:
4696:
4663:
4658:
4483:
4419:
4385:
4301:
4096:
4024:
3967:
3743:
3476:
3307:
3144:
3003:
407:
197:
into a functional whole. They are constructed to allow for different degrees and types of movement. Some joints, such as the
374:) – freely movable. Synovial joints can in turn be classified into six groups according to the type of movement they allow:
4455:
4423:
4380:
3434:
1126:
144:
4643:
4311:
3848:
3429:
3113:
1408:
4648:
4447:
4293:
4270:
4221:
4197:
4179:
3843:
3796:
3792:
3638:
3322:
3244:
4673:
4192:
4174:
4164:
4159:
3805:
3801:
3756:
3751:
3590:
3109:
2871:
2377:
2109:
4091:
3944:
3710:
3595:
2881:
2742:
2069:
350:, such as skull sutures. This lack of mobility is important, because the skull bones serve to protect the brain.
4766:
4390:
3547:
3542:
3275:
3195:
3049:
2886:
2747:
2450:
2436:
2077:
108:
956:
Chen, Wei; Cheng, Jiaxiang; Sun, Ran; Zhang, Zekun; Zhu, Yanbin; Ipaktchi, Kyros; Zhang, Yingze (2015-07-15).
4545:
4438:
3872:
3838:
3569:
3557:
3411:
3406:
3124:
2898:
2848:
2609:
2482:
2432:
2418:
2409:
524:
273:
Types of joints based upon their structure (L to R): cartilaginous joint, fibrous joint, and synovial joint.
932:
4635:
4612:
4226:
4085:
3921:
3633:
3628:
3524:
3448:
3312:
2737:
2724:
2691:
2676:
2655:
2638:
2478:
2003:
1908:
1760:
519:
514:
156:
132:
120:
78:
20:
4568:
4488:
4249:
3901:
3882:
3858:
3453:
3267:
3235:
3044:
3032:
2840:
2704:
2686:
2325:
2255:
1810:
1205:
743:
650:
544:
379:
269:
834:
4522:
4475:
4106:
4080:
4075:
3280:
2709:
2681:
2205:
2039:
1775:
1161:
1032:
Principles of
Anatomy & Physiology, 12th Edition, Tortora & Derrickson, Pub: Wiley & Sons
801:
626:
1101:
1009:
4498:
4465:
3867:
3375:
3340:
3294:
3185:
3100:
3071:
2614:
2386:
2262:
1788:
1557:
634:
630:
576:
361:
357:
303:
295:
287:
60:
56:
4736:
4731:
4723:
4513:
4204:
3824:
3666:
3615:
3599:
3383:
2532:
1980:
1851:
1613:
1604:
1590:
914:
466:
853:
847:
620:(also known as degenerative joint disease), occurs following trauma to the joint, following an
4101:
3720:
3684:
3177:
2770:
2732:
2506:
2427:
2423:
2179:
2169:
1881:
1859:
1700:
1497:
1233:
1185:
1165:
1134:
987:
969:
906:
898:
857:
777:
654:
580:
570:
455:
336:
323:
299:
1253:
1227:
771:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4214:
4111:
3421:
3080:
2995:
2976:
2801:
2716:
2382:
2146:
1653:
1636:
1517:
1467:
1462:
977:
890:
638:
529:
403:
1046:
958:"Prevalence and variation of sesamoid bones in the hand: a multi-center radiographic study"
933:"Sesamoid Injuries in the Foot – Sesamoiditis Foot | Foot Health Facts - Foot Health Facts"
482:
4761:
4244:
4209:
3829:
3604:
3398:
3388:
3037:
3027:
2780:
2665:
2660:
2310:
2198:
2154:
2102:
2054:
1985:
1975:
1572:
1400:
728:
599:
509:
391:
194:
306:
composed of hyaline cartilage covering the articular surfaces of the involved bones with
4016:
1360:
583:
and osteoarthritis. Swimming is a great way to exercise the joints with minimal damage.
4402:
3863:
3643:
3586:
3091:
3019:
2648:
2643:
2624:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2469:
2356:
2351:
2282:
2245:
2031:
1921:
1765:
1743:
1716:
1562:
1417:
982:
957:
617:
494:
462:
444:
367:
353:
313:
307:
210:
41:
217:
permit very little movement (only during birth) in order to protect the brain and the
4755:
3996:
3119:
2671:
2589:
2501:
2267:
2235:
2174:
2014:
1839:
1827:
1814:
1798:
1552:
1487:
894:
347:
281:
238:
2558:
1268:
918:
3980:
3957:
3715:
3362:
2775:
2633:
2473:
2346:
2315:
2159:
1482:
1430:
664:
591:
395:
343:
73:
3468:
113:
4001:
3565:
3371:
3159:
2985:
2929:
2601:
2593:
2446:
2372:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2250:
2087:
1936:
1916:
1731:
1726:
1666:
733:
587:
562:
387:
383:
375:
319:
218:
1255:
Sarrafian's
Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle: Descriptive, Topographic, Functional
2455:
2335:
1995:
1864:
1834:
1783:
1688:
1396:
1201:
1181:
1006:"Introduction to Joints (3) – Joints – Classification by Tissue Joining Bones"
723:
412:
973:
902:
137:
4055:
3063:
2765:
2459:
2414:
2272:
2240:
1958:
1753:
1534:
1328:
A Latin dictionary founded on
Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary.
646:
621:
595:
566:
534:
448:
291:
226:
1365:
991:
284:– joined by dense regular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers
910:
833:
Saladin, Ken. Anatomy & Physiology. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill
Connect. Web.
4051:
3515:
3503:
2964:
2836:
2790:
2547:
2542:
2134:
2097:
2092:
2019:
1891:
1472:
1457:
1435:
738:
206:
190:
3734:
2785:
2405:
2164:
2082:
2059:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1886:
1869:
1822:
1527:
1477:
1452:
598:. Most joint disorders involve arthritis, but joint damage by external
225:
is also called a joint, and is described as a fibrous joint known as a
222:
3226:
2119:
2114:
2049:
2044:
1990:
1926:
1874:
1793:
1683:
1671:
1626:
1585:
1580:
1522:
1447:
490:
The joints may be classified anatomically into the following groups:
852:(39th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. p.
50:
4334:
3784:
3657:
2968:
2129:
2124:
2009:
1736:
1643:
1502:
1492:
1441:
1098:"Introduction to Joints (2) – Joints – Classification by Movement"
504:
499:
481:
214:
202:
162:
92:
579:) or the bones and muscles that stabilize the joints can lead to
4325:
4236:
4130:
4121:
3775:
1896:
1631:
1507:
1425:
642:
550:
539:
470:
198:
186:
35:
4020:
3472:
2933:
2805:
2562:
2194:
1369:
849:
Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice
4063:
3507:
1931:
1748:
1512:
346:– permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are
193:, or other hard structures in the body which link an animal's
1347:. Smithsonian, 22 December 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
229:. Joints are classified both structurally and functionally.
962:
International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
454:
Compound joint: three or more articulation surfaces (e.g.
356:– permits slight mobility. Most amphiarthrosis joints are
2190:
667:), and may be affecting as many as 75 million Americans.
461:
Complex joint: two or more articulation surfaces and an
257:
oligoarticular or pauciarticular – concerning 2–4 joints
800:. eMedicine Dictionary. 30 October 2013. Archived from
1289:"Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience - 6th Edition"
431:, depending on the number of bones involved, and into
879:"The sesamoid bones of the hand and their pathology"
4722:
4695:
4672:
4634:
4611:
4604:
4567:
4544:
4521:
4511:
4474:
4446:
4437:
4401:
4333:
4324:
4292:
4269:
4262:
4235:
4129:
4120:
4062:
3989:
3966:
3943:
3920:
3881:
3823:
3783:
3774:
3742:
3733:
3701:
3683:
3665:
3656:
3614:
3556:
3523:
3514:
3420:
3397:
3370:
3361:
3339:
3321:
3293:
3266:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3194:
3176:
3158:
3099:
3090:
3062:
3017:
2993:
2984:
2975:
2897:
2847:
2758:
2623:
2600:
2491:
2395:
2365:
2228:
2145:
2068:
2030:
1907:
1850:
1809:
1774:
1715:
1652:
1612:
1603:
1571:
1543:
1416:
1407:
1341:
Switching to
Farming Made Human Joint Bones Lighter
1092:
1090:
143:
131:
119:
107:
91:
86:
72:
67:
28:
1045:. Medilexicon – Medical Dictionary. Archived from
1221:
1219:
1217:
1361:Synovial joints Illustrations and Classification
765:
763:
761:
759:
609:(multiarticular) when involving many joints and
16:Location at which two or more bones make contact
770:Whiting, William Charles; Rugg, Stuart (2006).
3634:Glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior)
1125:J. Gordon Betts; et al. (20 April 2022).
443:Simple joint: two articulation surfaces (e.g.
4032:
3484:
2945:
2817:
2574:
2206:
1381:
883:Journal of Hand Surgery (Edinburgh, Scotland)
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
594:of one or more joints the disorder is called
406:. Another classification is according to the
8:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1028:
1026:
776:. Vol. 10. Human Kinetics. p. 40.
3445:ligaments connecting the sacrum and ischium
1120:
1118:
260:polyarticular – concerning 5 or more joints
4608:
4518:
4443:
4330:
4266:
4126:
4039:
4025:
4017:
3780:
3739:
3662:
3520:
3491:
3477:
3469:
3367:
3240:
3231:
3096:
2990:
2981:
2952:
2938:
2930:
2824:
2810:
2802:
2581:
2567:
2559:
2213:
2199:
2191:
1609:
1413:
1388:
1374:
1366:
265:Structural classification (binding tissue)
3130:Tectorial membrane of atlanto-axial joint
981:
221:. The connection between a tooth and the
268:
1100:. anatomy.med.umich.edu. Archived from
1008:. anatomy.med.umich.edu. Archived from
755:
637:in which the body is attacking itself.
1167:An Illustrated System of Human Anatomy
160:
25:
7:
3303:intraarticular sternocostal ligament
1326:Lewis, C.T. & Short, C. (1879).
696:, past participle of the Latin verb
613:when involving only a single joint.
331:Functional classification (movement)
254:monoarticular – concerning one joint
4284:posterior of the head of the fibula
2918:posterior atlantooccipital membrane
1252:Armen S Kelikian, Shahan Sarrafian
1232:. Vol. 1. Thieme. p. 28.
602:is typically not termed arthritis.
237:The number of joints depends on if
4346:medial of talocrural joint/deltoid
4279:anterior of the head of the fibula
2913:Anterior atlantooccipital membrane
575:Damaging the cartilage of joints (
249:Clinical, numerical classification
14:
4376:lateral collateral of ankle joint
4149:Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
3935:Superficial transverse metacarpal
3209:posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
2700:Petrous part of the temporal bone
1207:Anatomy, descriptive and surgical
1187:Anatomy, descriptive and surgical
684:is a past participle of the verb
185:) is the connection made between
4461:plantar calcaneonavicular/spring
4144:Anterior meniscofemoral ligament
3762:Interosseous membrane of forearm
3440:interosseous sacroiliac ligament
3204:anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
700:, join, unite, connect, attach.
661:Temporomandibular joint syndrome
653:. This form of gout is known as
49:
34:
3150:posterior atlantoaxial ligament
3009:posterior longitudinal ligament
1069:"Foundational Model of Anatomy"
4466:bifurcated (calcaneonavicular)
3580:Inferior transverse of scapula
3308:radiate sternocostal ligaments
3145:anterior atlantoaxial ligament
3004:anterior longitudinal ligament
1269:"Introductory Anatomy: Joints"
1127:"9.1 Classification of Joints"
692:. Joint is derived from Latin
641:is caused by joint infection.
322:– joint between two articular
304:secondary cartilaginous joints
1:
3435:posterior sacroiliac ligament
4592:interosseous cuneometatarsal
4312:Interosseous membrane of leg
3575:Superior transverse scapular
3430:anterior sacroiliac ligament
3114:Transverse ligament of atlas
1229:Color Atlas of Human Anatomy
895:10.1016/0266-7681(84)90038-x
877:Wood, V. E. (October 1984).
419:Biomechanical classification
296:primary cartilaginous joints
4587:interosseous intercuneiform
4499:bifurcated (calcaneocuboid)
645:is caused by deposition of
586:A joint disorder is termed
4783:
4636:Intermetatarsal/metatarsal
3930:Deep transverse metacarpal
3538:Posterior sternoclavicular
3110:Cruciate ligament of atlas
2872:Temporomandibular ligament
2378:Anatomical terms of motion
560:
245:types of classifications.
18:
3533:Anterior sternoclavicular
2882:Sphenomandibular ligament
846:Standring, Susan (2006).
798:"Articulation definition"
605:Arthropathies are called
551:Unmyelinated nerve fibers
213:between the bones of the
155:
48:
33:
4613:Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc
3854:Interosseous intercarpal
3276:Costotransverse ligament
3258:Intra-articular ligament
3050:intertransverse ligament
2887:Stylomandibular ligament
2467:specialized/lower limbs:
2444:specialized/upper limbs:
1330:Oxford: Clarendon Press.
1226:Platzer, Werner (2008).
1131:- Anatomy and Physiology
525:Temporomandibular joints
486:Joints of the human body
3412:inferior pubic ligament
3407:superior pubic ligament
3125:Apical ligament of dens
2610:Pterygospinous ligament
937:www.foothealthfacts.org
520:Vertebral articulations
515:Sternoclavicular joints
294:. There are two types:
4659:superficial transverse
4494:plantar calcaneocuboid
4403:Subtalar/talocalcaneal
4307:Posterior tibiofibular
3896:Palmar carpometacarpal
3891:Dorsal carpometacarpal
3449:sacrotuberous ligament
3313:costoxiphoid ligaments
2725:palatomaxillary suture
2639:frontoethmoidal suture
1840:Lymphoid immune system
1409:Musculoskeletal system
707:is derived from Latin
487:
326:between two vertebrae.
274:
157:Anatomical terminology
79:Musculoskeletal system
21:Joint (disambiguation)
4484:dorsal calcaneocuboid
4448:Talocalcaneonavicular
4386:posterior talofibular
4302:Anterior tibiofibular
4294:Inferior tibiofibular
4271:Superior tibiofibular
4250:Infrapatellar fat pad
4097:transverse acetabular
3454:sacrospinous ligament
3045:interspinous ligament
3033:supraspinous ligament
2326:Ball and socket joint
2256:Interosseous membrane
1828:Myeloid immune system
1614:Cardiovascular system
1162:Morton, Samuel George
773:Dynamic Human Anatomy
744:Development of joints
688:, and can be read as
651:calcium pyrophosphate
590:, and when involving
561:Further information:
557:Clinical significance
545:Articulations of foot
485:
380:ball and socket joint
272:
40:Diagram of a typical
4456:dorsal talonavicular
4381:anterior talofibular
4356:posterior tibiotalar
4335:Talocrural and ankle
3281:Lumbocostal ligament
2180:Islets of Langerhans
2040:Genitourinary system
1776:Integumentary system
1345:Smithsonian Magazine
1075:on December 19, 2013
627:rheumatoid arthritis
360:. An example is the
358:cartilaginous joints
19:For other uses, see
4674:Metatarsophalangeal
4351:anterior tibiotalar
3945:Metacarpophalangeal
3703:Proximal radioulnar
3186:iliolumbar ligament
3072:intervertebral disc
2615:Stylohyoid ligament
2344:by range of motion:
2070:Reproductive system
1789:Subcutaneous tissue
1558:Cartilaginous joint
635:autoimmune diseases
631:psoriatic arthritis
577:articular cartilage
362:intervertebral disc
288:cartilaginous joint
61:cartilaginous joint
57:intervertebral disc
3849:Palmar intercarpal
3844:Dorsal intercarpal
3797:Palmar radiocarpal
3793:Dorsal radiocarpal
3639:Transverse humeral
3384:Obturator membrane
2743:with temporal bone
2738:with sphenoid bone
2687:with parietal bone
1852:Respiratory system
1605:Circulatory system
1339:Thompson, Helen. "
968:(7): 11721–11726.
581:joint dislocations
488:
408:degrees of freedom
275:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4718:
4717:
4600:
4599:
4546:Cuboideonavicular
4507:
4506:
4439:Transverse tarsal
4320:
4319:
4258:
4257:
4102:acetabular labrum
4014:
4013:
4010:
4009:
3907:Radial collateral
3815:Radial collateral
3806:Palmar ulnocarpal
3802:Dorsal ulnocarpal
3785:Wrist/radiocarpal
3770:
3769:
3757:Dorsal radioulnar
3752:Palmar radioulnar
3744:Distal radioulnar
3729:
3728:
3675:Radial collateral
3652:
3651:
3591:Acromioclavicular
3558:Acromioclavicular
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3357:
3356:
3289:
3288:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3058:
3057:
2927:
2926:
2899:Atlanto-occipital
2849:Temporomandibular
2799:
2798:
2771:Periodontal fiber
2748:with frontal bone
2733:zygomatic process
2682:with frontal bone
2556:
2555:
2507:Synovial membrane
2428:External rotation
2424:Internal rotation
2188:
2187:
1711:
1710:
1701:Glymphatic system
1599:
1598:
1140:978-1-951693-42-8
1049:on August 6, 2016
1043:"Articular Facet"
703:The English term
680:The English word
571:Joint replacement
530:Sacroiliac joints
456:radiocarpal joint
370:(also known as a
337:anatomical planes
300:hyaline cartilage
183:articular surface
171:
170:
166:
4774:
4609:
4519:
4444:
4331:
4267:
4127:
4112:zona orbicularis
4041:
4034:
4027:
4018:
3912:Ulnar collateral
3811:Ulnar collateral
3781:
3740:
3693:Ulnar collateral
3663:
3596:Coracoclavicular
3525:Sternoclavicular
3521:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3470:
3368:
3253:Radiate ligament
3241:
3232:
3097:
3081:nucleus pulposus
3020:vertebral arches
2996:vertebral bodies
2991:
2982:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2931:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2803:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2560:
2512:Fibrous membrane
2215:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2147:Endocrine system
1909:Digestive system
1654:Lymphatic system
1637:Lymphatic vessel
1610:
1414:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1367:
1348:
1337:
1331:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1293:www.elsevier.com
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1265:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1223:
1212:
1211:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1122:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1071:. Archived from
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1002:
996:
995:
985:
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
929:
923:
922:
874:
868:
867:
843:
837:
831:
814:
813:
811:
809:
794:
788:
787:
767:
639:Septic arthritis
310:connecting them.
163:edit on Wikidata
82:Articular system
55:Depiction of an
53:
38:
26:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4767:Skeletal system
4752:
4751:
4750:
4741:
4714:
4697:Interphalangeal
4691:
4668:
4664:deep transverse
4630:
4596:
4563:
4540:
4503:
4470:
4433:
4397:
4391:calcaneofibular
4316:
4288:
4254:
4245:Patellar tendon
4231:
4180:fibular/lateral
4116:
4058:
4045:
4015:
4006:
3985:
3968:Interphalangeal
3962:
3939:
3922:Intermetacarpal
3916:
3883:Carpometacarpal
3877:
3819:
3766:
3725:
3697:
3679:
3648:
3610:
3552:
3548:Costoclavicular
3543:Interclavicular
3510:
3497:
3467:
3458:
3416:
3399:Pubic symphysis
3393:
3389:Obturator canal
3353:
3335:
3317:
3285:
3268:Costotransverse
3262:
3213:
3190:
3172:
3154:
3086:
3076:anulus fibrosus
3054:
3038:nuchal ligament
3028:ligamenta flava
3013:
2971:
2958:
2928:
2923:
2893:
2843:
2830:
2800:
2795:
2781:Dental alveolus
2754:
2692:sphenosquamosal
2677:sphenoethmoidal
2656:occipitomastoid
2619:
2596:
2587:
2557:
2552:
2487:
2391:
2361:
2311:Condyloid joint
2224:
2219:
2189:
2184:
2141:
2103:Seminal vesicle
2064:
2026:
1976:Small intestine
1903:
1846:
1805:
1770:
1707:
1648:
1595:
1573:Muscular system
1567:
1539:
1418:Skeletal system
1403:
1394:
1357:
1352:
1351:
1338:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1107:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1003:
999:
955:
954:
950:
941:
939:
931:
930:
926:
876:
875:
871:
864:
845:
844:
840:
832:
817:
807:
805:
804:on 31 July 2012
796:
795:
791:
784:
769:
768:
757:
752:
729:Cracking joints
720:
678:
673:
643:Gouty arthritis
600:physical trauma
573:
559:
510:Axillary joints
480:
421:
392:condyloid joint
333:
267:
251:
235:
195:skeletal system
167:
101:
99:
81:
63:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4780:
4778:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4754:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4728:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4640:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4569:Intercuneiform
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4527:
4525:
4523:Cuneonavicular
4516:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4476:Calcaneocuboid
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4366:tibionavicular
4363:
4361:tibiocalcaneal
4358:
4353:
4339:
4337:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4273:
4264:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4239:
4237:Patellofemoral
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4187:intracapsular:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4154:extracapsular:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4078:
4068:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4036:
4029:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3873:Pisometacarpal
3870:
3864:Pisiform joint
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3839:Radiate carpal
3836:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3808:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3748:
3746:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3671:
3669:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3644:Glenoid labrum
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3620:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3602:
3593:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3570:Coracoacromial
3562:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3327:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3238:
3236:Costovertebral
3229:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3196:Sacrococcygeal
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3105:
3103:
3094:
3092:Synovial joint
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2988:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2934:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2915:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2862:Articular disk
2859:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2806:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2731:Involving the
2728:
2727:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2705:sphenopetrosal
2698:Involving the
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2670:Involving the
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2649:coronal suture
2646:
2644:frontal suture
2641:
2632:Involving the
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2590:Fibrous joints
2588:
2586:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2540:extracapsular:
2536:
2535:
2529:Articular disk
2526:
2524:Synovial bursa
2521:
2519:Synovial fluid
2516:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2476:
2470:Plantarflexion
2463:
2462:
2453:
2440:
2439:
2430:
2421:
2412:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2352:Amphiarthrosis
2349:
2340:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2290:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2195:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2032:Urinary system
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1954:Laryngopharynx
1951:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Salivary gland
1913:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1819:
1817:
1815:immune systems
1811:Haematopoietic
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1761:Somatic system
1758:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1744:Sensory system
1741:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1719:
1717:Nervous system
1713:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1696:CNS equivalent
1693:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1618:
1616:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1563:Synovial joint
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1356:
1355:External links
1353:
1350:
1349:
1332:
1319:
1304:
1280:
1260:
1245:
1238:
1213:
1210:. p. 220.
1193:
1190:. p. 136.
1173:
1170:. p. 119.
1153:
1139:
1114:
1086:
1060:
1034:
1022:
997:
948:
924:
889:(3): 261–264.
869:
862:
838:
815:
789:
782:
754:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
719:
716:
677:
674:
672:
669:
618:osteoarthritis
558:
555:
548:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
495:Joints of hand
479:
476:
475:
474:
463:articular disc
459:
452:
445:shoulder joint
420:
417:
400:
399:
368:synovial joint
365:
354:amphiarthrosis
351:
348:fibrous joints
332:
329:
328:
327:
317:
314:synovial joint
311:
308:fibrocartilage
285:
266:
263:
262:
261:
258:
255:
250:
247:
234:
233:Classification
231:
169:
168:
159:
153:
152:
147:
141:
140:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
111:
105:
104:
95:
89:
88:
84:
83:
76:
70:
69:
65:
64:
54:
46:
45:
42:synovial joint
39:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4779:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4227:anterolateral
4225:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4175:medial/tibial
4173:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4092:head of femur
4090:
4087:
4086:ischiofemoral
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4035:
4030:
4028:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3997:Carpal tunnel
3995:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3773:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3629:Coracohumeral
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3376:pelvic girdle
3373:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3341:Costochondral
3338:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3323:Interchondral
3320:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3160:Zygapophysial
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:Alar ligament
3118:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3101:Atlanto-axial
3098:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2943:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2841:head and neck
2838:
2834:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2710:petrosquamous
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2672:sphenoid bone
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2577:
2572:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2502:Joint capsule
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:Synchondrosis
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:Cartilaginous
2261:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Biliary tract
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1799:Mammary gland
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:Fibrous joint
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:Human systems
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1270:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1239:9783135333069
1235:
1231:
1230:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1104:on 2011-07-18
1103:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1012:on 2011-06-08
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
993:
989:
984:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
952:
949:
938:
934:
928:
925:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
873:
870:
865:
863:0-443-07168-3
859:
855:
851:
850:
842:
839:
836:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
816:
803:
799:
793:
790:
785:
783:9780736036825
779:
775:
774:
766:
764:
762:
760:
756:
749:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
717:
715:
712:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
675:
670:
668:
666:
662:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
619:
614:
612:
611:monoarticular
608:
607:polyarticular
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
578:
572:
568:
564:
556:
554:
552:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
491:
484:
477:
472:
468:
464:
460:
457:
453:
450:
446:
442:
441:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
416:
414:
409:
405:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
366:
363:
359:
355:
352:
349:
345:
342:
341:
340:
338:
330:
325:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
286:
283:
282:fibrous joint
280:
279:
278:
271:
264:
259:
256:
253:
252:
248:
246:
242:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
164:
158:
154:
151:
148:
146:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
122:
118:
115:
112:
110:
106:
103:
96:
94:
90:
85:
80:
77:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
52:
47:
43:
37:
32:
27:
22:
4732:Longitudinal
4654:interosseous
4489:long plantar
4429:interosseous
4372:
4342:
4263:Tibiofibular
4186:
4153:
4131:Tibiofemoral
4071:
4047:
3900:
3859:Scapholunate
3716:Oblique cord
3667:Humeroradial
3616:Glenohumeral
3499:
3444:
3349:no ligaments
3348:
3331:no ligaments
3330:
3295:Sternocostal
3168:no ligaments
3167:
3138:no ligaments
3137:
2960:
2832:
2776:Periodontium
2721:
2634:frontal bone
2539:
2498:
2474:Dorsiflexion
2466:
2443:
2402:
2347:Synarthrosis
2343:
2334:
2316:Saddle joint
2281:
2221:
2002:
1970:
1943:
1695:
1678:
1661:
1621:
1544:
1344:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:
1283:
1272:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1248:
1228:
1206:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1166:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1133:. OpenStax.
1130:
1106:. Retrieved
1102:the original
1079:December 19,
1077:. Retrieved
1073:the original
1063:
1053:December 19,
1051:. Retrieved
1047:the original
1037:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:the original
1000:
965:
961:
951:
940:. Retrieved
936:
927:
886:
882:
872:
848:
841:
806:. Retrieved
802:the original
792:
772:
713:
708:
705:articulation
704:
702:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
679:
665:malocclusion
659:
633:, which are
615:
610:
606:
604:
592:inflammation
585:
574:
549:
505:Wrist joints
500:Elbow joints
489:
436:
432:
428:
424:
422:
401:
396:saddle joint
371:
344:synarthrosis
334:
298:composed of
290:– joined by
276:
243:
236:
219:sense organs
182:
179:articulation
178:
174:
172:
126:A03.0.00.000
97:
4514:intertarsal
4171:collateral
4081:pubofemoral
4076:iliofemoral
4002:Ulnar canal
3825:Intercarpal
3685:Humeroulnar
3566:Syndesmoses
3372:Syndesmoses
3245:Head of rib
3178:Lumbosacral
2986:Syndesmosis
2911:membranes (
2602:Syndesmosis
2594:human skull
2447:Protraction
2373:Kinesiology
2366:Terminology
2357:Diarthrosis
2301:Pivot joint
2296:Hinge joint
2288:Plane joint
2251:Syndesmosis
2170:Parathyroid
1870:Nasopharynx
1732:Spinal cord
1667:Bone marrow
1436:Collar bone
1202:Gray, Henry
1182:Gray, Henry
808:18 November
734:Kinesiology
709:articulatio
588:arthropathy
563:Arthropathy
540:Knee joints
437:combination
388:pivot joint
384:hinge joint
376:plane joint
372:diarthrosis
320:facet joint
102:articulatio
87:Identifiers
4756:Categories
4737:Transverse
4710:collateral
4687:collateral
4222:transverse
4156:popliteal
3976:Collateral
3953:Collateral
3868:Pisohamate
3422:Sacroiliac
2492:Components
2456:Supination
2451:Retraction
2437:Depression
2387:Antagonist
2336:synostosis
1949:Oropharynx
1689:Lymph node
1622:peripheral
1468:Metatarsus
1463:Metacarpus
1442:Thigh bone
1438:(clavicle)
1298:2019-03-17
1274:2008-01-29
1258:p. 94
1108:2012-10-06
1016:2008-01-29
942:2021-07-04
750:References
724:Arthrology
655:pseudogout
535:Hip joints
478:Anatomical
471:knee joint
415:surfaces.
404:multiaxial
98:articulus,
4415:posterior
4198:posterior
4189:cruciate
4056:human leg
4052:ligaments
3830:Midcarpal
3600:trapezoid
3504:ligaments
3136:Lateral:
3064:Symphysis
2977:Vertebral
2965:ligaments
2837:ligaments
2766:Gomphosis
2717:squamosal
2499:capsular:
2483:Inversion
2460:Pronation
2433:Elevation
2419:Abduction
2415:Adduction
2410:Extension
2273:Symphysis
2241:Gomphosis
2155:Pituitary
2004:accessory
1959:Esophagus
1679:secondary
1591:Diaphragm
1535:Cartilage
1483:Phalanges
974:1940-5901
903:0266-7681
676:Etymology
647:uric acid
622:infection
596:arthritis
567:Arthritis
449:hip joint
413:trochlear
324:processes
292:cartilage
239:sesamoids
227:gomphosis
100:junctura,
4411:anterior
4373:lateral:
4193:anterior
3721:Quadrate
3587:Synovial
3516:Shoulder
3108:Medial:
2868:Lateral
2791:Cementum
2666:sagittal
2661:lambdoid
2548:Enthesis
2543:Ligament
2533:Meniscus
2479:Eversion
2403:general:
2283:synovial
2135:Placenta
2098:Testicle
2093:Prostate
2020:Pancreas
1981:Appendix
1971:lower GI
1944:upper GI
1892:Bronchus
1835:Lymphoid
1518:Vertebra
1473:Ossicles
1458:Mandible
1204:(1887).
1184:(1859).
1164:(1849).
992:26380010
919:72038079
739:Ligament
718:See also
467:meniscus
439:joints:
429:compound
207:shoulder
191:ossicles
4705:plantar
4682:plantar
4644:plantar
4621:plantar
4577:plantar
4554:plantar
4531:plantar
4512:Distal
4420:lateral
4343:medial:
4215:lateral
4205:menisci
4165:arcuate
4160:oblique
4139:Capsule
4107:capsule
4072:femoral
4054:of the
3735:Forearm
3624:Capsule
3506:of the
2907:capsule
2878:Medial
2857:Capsule
2839:of the
2786:Gingiva
2722:Facial:
2625:Sutures
2592:of the
2406:Flexion
2396:Motions
2383:Agonist
2236:Fibrous
2175:Adrenal
2165:Thyroid
2083:Scrotum
2060:Urethra
2055:Bladder
1964:Stomach
1887:Trachea
1823:Myeloid
1662:primary
1528:Sternum
1478:Patella
1453:Humerus
1444:(femur)
983:4565393
911:6512360
698:iungere
694:iunctus
671:History
433:complex
223:jawbone
211:sutures
114:D007596
68:Details
4762:Joints
4724:Arches
4649:dorsal
4626:dorsal
4582:dorsal
4559:dorsal
4536:dorsal
4424:medial
4210:medial
4048:Joints
3981:Palmar
3958:Palmar
3711:Anular
3605:conoid
3500:Joints
3363:Pelvis
3227:Thorax
2961:Joints
2833:Joints
2246:Suture
2222:Joints
2160:Pineal
2120:Vagina
2115:Uterus
2110:Female
2050:Ureter
2045:Kidney
1991:Rectum
1927:Tongue
1875:Larynx
1794:Breast
1766:Tissue
1684:Spleen
1672:Thymus
1627:Artery
1586:Tendon
1581:Muscle
1545:Joints
1523:Pelvis
1498:Tarsus
1488:Radius
1448:Fibula
1431:Carpus
1401:organs
1236:
1146:13 May
1137:
990:
980:
972:
917:
909:
901:
860:
780:
690:joined
569:, and
469:(e.g.
425:simple
302:, and
205:, and
74:System
4605:Other
3990:Other
3902:thumb
3658:Elbow
2969:torso
2759:Mouth
2229:Types
2130:Ovary
2125:Vulva
2088:Penis
2010:Liver
1986:Colon
1937:Tooth
1917:Mouth
1882:Lower
1860:Upper
1737:Nerve
1727:Brain
1644:Heart
1503:Tibia
1493:Skull
915:S2CID
835:p.274
682:joint
215:skull
203:elbow
187:bones
175:joint
161:[
93:Latin
29:Joint
4326:Foot
4122:Knee
4050:and
3776:Hand
3502:and
2963:and
2835:and
2078:Male
1996:Anus
1897:Lung
1865:Nose
1813:and
1784:Skin
1632:Vein
1508:Ulna
1426:Bone
1399:and
1317:B.V.
1234:ISBN
1148:2023
1135:ISBN
1081:2013
1055:2013
988:PMID
970:ISSN
907:PMID
899:ISSN
858:ISBN
810:2013
778:ISBN
686:join
629:and
435:and
427:and
394:and
199:knee
181:(or
150:7490
138:1515
121:TA98
109:MeSH
59:, a
4064:Hip
3508:arm
3374:of
3018:Of
2994:Of
2967:of
2322:3°
2307:2°
2292:1°
1932:Lip
1754:Eye
1749:Ear
1513:Rib
1343:".
978:PMC
891:doi
465:or
177:or
145:FMA
133:TA2
4758::
3589::
3568::
3447::
1307:^
1291:.
1216:^
1129:.
1117:^
1089:^
1025:^
986:.
976:.
964:.
960:.
935:.
913:.
905:.
897:.
885:.
881:.
856:.
854:38
818:^
758:^
711:.
657:.
565:,
447:,
390:,
386:,
382:,
378:,
339:.
201:,
189:,
173:A
4422:/
4413:/
4088:)
4074:(
4040:e
4033:t
4026:v
3904::
3875:)
3866:(
3813:/
3804:/
3795:/
3607:)
3598:(
3492:e
3485:t
3478:v
3116:)
3112:(
3083:)
3074:(
2953:e
2946:t
2939:v
2920:)
2825:e
2818:t
2811:v
2582:e
2575:t
2568:v
2531:/
2481:/
2472:/
2458:/
2449:/
2435:/
2426:/
2417:/
2408:/
2385:/
2285::
2214:e
2207:t
2200:v
1389:e
1382:t
1375:v
1301:.
1277:.
1242:.
1150:.
1111:.
1083:.
1057:.
1019:.
994:.
966:8
945:.
921:.
893::
887:9
866:.
812:.
786:.
473:)
458:)
451:)
398:.
165:]
23:.
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