1357:). The attributes of a file are stored in the directory entry that describes the file, and optionally in the extended attribute record. To locate a file, the directory names in the file's path can be checked sequentially, going to the location of each directory to obtain the location of the subsequent subdirectory. However, a file can also be located through the path table provided by the file system. This path table stores information about each directory, its parent, and its location on disc. Since the path table is stored in a contiguous region, it can be searched much faster than jumping to the particular locations of each directory in the file's path, thus reducing seek time.
789:
as the volume's name and creator, along with the size and number of logical blocks used by the file system. Path tables summarize the directory structure of the relevant directory hierarchy. For each directory in the image, the path table provides the directory identifier, the location of the extent in which the directory is recorded, the length of any extended attributes associated with the directory, and the index of its parent directory path table entry.
5118:
7676:
1342:
2168:. However, it has long since been superseded by other extensions, and modern utilities that create ISO 9660 images either cannot create TRANS.TBL files at all, or no longer create them unless explicitly requested by the user. Since a TRANS.TBL file has no special identification other than its name, it can also be created separately and included in the directory before filesystem creation.
761:. To facilitate cross platform compatibility, it defined a minimal set of common file attributes (directory or ordinary file and time of recording) and name attributes (name, extension, and version), and used a separate system use area where future optional extensions for each file may be specified. High Sierra was adopted in December 1986 (with changes) as an international standard by
132:
1294:
located. Other fields contain the description or name of the volume, and information about who created it and with which application. The size of the logical blocks which the file system uses to segment the volume is also stored in a field inside the primary volume descriptor, as well as the amount of space occupied by the volume (measured in number of logical blocks).
1415:). It is possible to circumvent this limitation by using the multi-extent (fragmentation) feature of ISO 9660 Level 3 to create ISO 9660 file systems and single files up to 8 TB. With this, files larger than 4 GiB can be split up into multiple extents (sequential series of sectors), each not exceeding the 4 GiB limit. For example, the free software such as
1787:
1769:). This includes the protection flags plus an optional comment field. These extensions were introduced by Angela Schmidt with the help of Andrew Young, the primary author of the Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol and System Use Sharing Protocol. The first publicly available software to master a CD-ROM with Amiga extensions was
1887:, which is loaded from the CD and then behaves as a virtual floppy disk. This is useful for computers that were designed to boot only from a floppy drive. For modern computers the "no emulation" mode is generally the more reliable method. The BIOS will assign a BIOS drive number to the CD drive. The drive number (for
1507:
whose contents are undefined and left to be interpreted by the system. SUSP defines a method to subdivide that area into multiple system use fields, each identified by a two-character signature tag. The idea behind SUSP was that it would enable any number of independent extensions to ISO 9660 to be
1399:
A CD-ROM producer may choose one of the lower Levels of
Interchange specified in chapter 10 of the standard, and further restrict file name length from 30 characters to only 8+3 in file identifiers, and 8 in directory identifiers in order to promote interchangeability with implementations that do not
1370:
Level 3: No additional restrictions than those stipulated in the main body of the standard. That is, directory identifiers may not exceed 31 characters in length, and file name + '.' + file name extension may not exceed 30 characters in length (sections 7.5 and 7.6). Files are also allowed to consist
1332:
Path tables summarize the directory structure of the relevant directory hierarchy. For each directory in the image, the path table provides the directory identifier, the location of the extent in which the directory is recorded, the length of any extended attributes associated with the directory, and
1322:
Enhanced volume descriptors were introduced in ISO 9660, Amendment 1. They relax some of the requirements of the other volume descriptors and the directory records referenced by them: for example, the directory depth can exceed eight, file identifiers need not contain '.' or file version number, the
1318:
escape sequences are used to identify each particular code page used. Consequently, ISO 9660 supports international single-byte and multi-byte character sets, provided they fit into the framework of the referenced standards. However, ISO 9660 does not specify any code pages that are guaranteed to be
788:
which is a volume descriptor that marks the end of the descriptor set. The primary volume descriptor provides information about the volume, characteristics and metadata, including a root directory record that indicates in which sector the root directory is located. Other fields contain metadata such
1985:
Many current PC operating systems are able to read Joliet-formatted media, thus allowing exchange of files between those operating systems even if non-Roman characters are involved (such as Arabic, Japanese or
Cyrillic), which was formerly not possible with plain ISO 9660-formatted media. Operating
996:
X 0606:1998 was passed in Japan in 1998 with much-relaxed file name rules using a new "enhanced volume descriptor" data structure. The standard was submitted for ISO 9660:1999 and supposedly fast-tracked, but nothing came out of it. Nevertheless, several operating systems and disc authoring tools
1438:
Since amendment 1 (or ECMA-119 3rd edition, or "JIS X 0606:1998 / ISO 9660:1999"), a much wider variety of file trees can be expressed by the EVD system. There is no longer any character limit (even 8-bit characters are allowed), nor any depth limit or path length limit. There still is a limit on
1293:
is simply a particular type of volume descriptor with the purpose of marking the end of this set of structures. The primary volume descriptor provides information about the volume, characteristics and metadata, including a root directory record that indicates in which sector the root directory is
2179:
on a disc. Since ISO 9660 is by design a read-only, pre-mastered file system, all the data has to be written in one go or "session" to the medium. Once written, there is no provision for altering the stored content. ISO 13490 was created to allow adding more files to a writeable disc such as
1878:
A 32-bit PC BIOS will search for boot code on an ISO 9660 CD-ROM. The standard allows for booting in two different modes. Either in hard disk emulation when the boot information can be accessed directly from the CD media, or in floppy emulation mode where the boot information is stored in an
2063:
The same code page problem technically exists in standard ISO 9660, which allows open interpretation of the supplemental and enhanced volume descriptors to any character encoding subject to agreement. However, the primary volume descriptor is guaranteed to be a small subset of ASCII.
2225:
Most operating systems support reading of ISO 9660 formatted discs, and most new versions support the extensions such as Rock Ridge and Joliet. Operating systems that do not support the extensions usually show the basic (non-extended) features of a plain ISO 9660 disc.
1964:
BE in practice since
Windows 2000). These filenames are stored in a special supplementary volume descriptor, that is safely ignored by ISO 9660-compliant software, thus preserving backward compatibility. The specification only allows filenames to be up to 64
1761:. It too is built on the SUSP standard by defining an "AS"-tagged system use field. Thus both Amiga Rock Ridge and the POSIX RRIP may be used simultaneously on the same volume. Some of the specific properties supported by this extension are the additional
1009:) now support the addition, under such names as "ISO 9660:1999", "ISO 9660 v2", or "ISO 9660 Level 4". In 2013, the proposal was finally formalized in the form of ISO 9660/Amendment 1, intended to "bring harmonization between ISO 9660 and widely used '
1041:, and in a concatenation of both types in what the specification calls "both-byte" order. Both-byte order is required in several fields in the volume descriptors and directory records, while path tables can be either little-endian or big-endian.
1219:
The data field of a volume descriptor may be subdivided into several fields, with the exact content depending on the type. Redundant copies of each volume descriptor can also be included in case the first copy of the descriptor becomes corrupt.
1977:
Joliet allows
Unicode characters to be used for all text fields, which includes file names and the volume name. A "Secondary" volume descriptor with type 2 contains the same information as the Primary one (sector 16 offset 40 bytes), but in
1309:
Supplementary volume descriptors describe the same volume as the primary volume descriptor does, and are normally used for providing additional code page support when the standard code tables are insufficient. The standard specifies that
7002:
2114:
In order to allow non-Macintosh systems to access
Macintosh files on CD-ROMs, Apple chose to use an extension of the standard ISO 9660 format. Most of the data, other than the Apple specific metadata, remains visible to
877:(NISO) set up Standards Committee SC EE (Compact Disc Data Format) in July 1985. In September/ October 1985 several companies invited experts to participate in the development of a working paper for such a standard.
1375:
Additional restrictions in the body of the standard: The depth of the directory hierarchy must not exceed 8 (root directory being at level 1), and the path length of any file must not exceed 255. (section 6.8.2.1).
757:, which arranged file information in a dense, sequential layout to minimize nonsequential access by using a hierarchical (eight levels of directories deep) tree file system arrangement, similar to UNIX and
1973:
states filenames up to 103 characters in length do not appear to cause problems. Microsoft has documented it "can use up to 110 characters." The difference lies in whether CDXA extension space is used.
1502:
P1281) provides a generic way of including additional properties for any directory entry reachable from the primary volume descriptor (PVD). In an ISO 9660 volume, every directory entry has an optional
2157:
Most implementations that create TRANS.TBL files put a single space between the file type and ISO 9660 name and some arbitrary number of tabs between the ISO 9660 filename and the extended filename.
990:
In order not to create incompatibilities, NISO suspended further work on Z39.60, which had been adopted by NISO members on 28 May 1987. It was withdrawn before final approval, in favour of ISO 9660.
1956:. Its primary focus is the relaxation of the filename restrictions inherent with full ISO 9660 compliance. Joliet accomplishes this by supplying an additional set of filenames that are encoded in
1085:, the first 32,768 data bytes of the disc (16 sectors of 2,048 bytes each), is unused by ISO 9660 and therefore available for other uses. While it is suggested that they are reserved for use by
987:
was published in 1988. The main changes from the High Sierra Format in the ECMA-119 and ISO 9660 standards were international extensions to allow the format to work better on non-US markets.
2994:
2187:
The ISO 13346/ECMA-167 standard was designed in conjunction to the ISO 13490 standard. This new format addresses most of the shortcomings of ISO 9660, and a subset of it evolved into the
1508:
created and included on a volume without conflicting. It also allows for the inclusion of property data that would otherwise be too large to fit within the limits of the system use area.
2403:
support for optical media written on a PC is patchy. Most CD-Rs/RWs work perfectly, however DVD+-Rs/RWs/RAMs are entirely hit and miss running RISC OS 4.02, RISC OS 4.39 and RISC OS 6.20
5063:
1364:
Level 1: File names are limited to eight characters with a three-character extension. Directory names are limited to eight characters. Files may contain one single file section.
975:(ECMA) for standardization. With some changes, this led to the issue of the initial edition of the ECMA-119 standard in December 1986. The ECMA submitted their standard to the
6514:
1689:
The RRIP extensions are built upon SUSP, defining additional tags for support of POSIX semantics, along with the format and meaning of the corresponding system use fields:
780:(a header block which describes the subsequent layout) and then the path tables, directories and files on the disc. An ISO 9660 compliant disc must contain at least one
6509:
983:, where it was further refined into the ISO 9660 standard. For compatibility the second edition of ECMA-119 was revised to be equivalent to ISO 9660 in December 1987.
843:
were originally developed for recording musical data, but soon were used for storing additional digital data types because they were equally effective for archival
3322:"Add support for Joliet format CD-ROMs hdr/Hashes s/Directory s/EntryFile s/FileMan s/Filer s/Free (999bdda6) · Commits · RiscOS / Sources / FileSys / CDFS / CDFS"
6014:
5392:
3688:
1349:
Directory entries are stored following the location of the root directory entry, where evaluation of filenames is begun. Both directories and files are stored as
1319:
supported: all use of code tables other than those defined in the standard itself are subject to agreement between the originator and the recipient of the volume.
766:
743:
43:
1383:
All levels restrict file names in the mandatory file hierarchy to upper case letters, digits, underscores ("_"), and a dot. (See also section 7.4.4 and Annex A.)
5092:
2563:
1765:-bits for files. There is support for attribute "P" that stands for "pure" bit (indicating re-entrant command) and attribute "S" for script bit (indicating
6236:
2551:
972:
874:
5056:
7311:
7231:
7022:
7017:
6863:
3671:
3627:
1577:: zisofs compressed file, usually produced by program mkzftree or by libisofs. Transparently decompressed by Linux kernel if built with CONFIG_ZISOFS.
427:
47:
7029:
3560:
1431:
are able to create ISO 9660 file systems that use multi-extent files to store files larger than 4 GiB on appropriate media such as recordable DVDs.
1019:
In 2020, ISO published
Amendment 2, which adds some minor clarifying matter, but does not add or correct any technical information of the standard.
3321:
5383:
1353:, which are sequential series of sectors. Files and directories are differentiated only by a file attribute that indicates its nature (similar to
679:
1175:
Each volume descriptor is 2048 bytes in size, fitting perfectly into a single Mode 1 or Mode 2 Form 1 sector. They have the following structure:
3577:
7562:
3772:
3747:
2998:
2662:
707:
5924:
5049:
3516:
2060:. For example, "ü" may become "³". A different OS may encounter a similar problem or refuse to recognize these noncompliant names outright.
7631:
7432:
6955:
6338:
5929:
5899:
1599:
The Apple extensions do not technically follow the SUSP standard; however the basic structure of the AA and AB fields defined by Apple are
1439:
name length, at 207. The character set is no longer enforced, so both sides of the disc interchange need to agree via a different channel.
976:
3645:
2933:
1403:
All numbers in ISO 9660 file systems except the single byte value used for the GMT offset are unsigned numbers. As the length of a file's
3024:
1333:
the index of its parent directory path table entry. The parent directory number is a 16-bit number, limiting its range from 1 to 65,535.
880:
In
November 1985, representatives of computer hardware manufacturers gathered at the High Sierra Hotel and Casino (currently called the
7276:
6606:
6403:
5004:
4479:
166:
3463:
3233:
960:
CD-ROM standard, which was so open ended it was leading to diversification and creation of many incompatible data storage methods. The
7740:
5727:
4994:
4165:
3974:
2650:
3376:"ECMA-167 - Volume and File Structure for Write-Once and Rewritable Media using Non-Sequential Recording for Information Interchange"
1013:
Specification'." In
December 2017, a 3rd Edition of ECMA-119 was published that is technically identical with ISO 9660, Amendment 1.
7730:
6803:
5827:
4616:
3543:
2633:
2413:
7705:
7367:
6539:
6383:
4282:
4004:
3964:
2080:
2044:
and allows the use of long filenames up to 128 characters, written directly into the primary volume descriptor using the current
674:
3357:
7735:
2700:
2683:
518:
401:
857:
specification in 1983. However, this book did not define any format for organizing data on CD-ROMs into logical units such as
7462:
7457:
7164:
5264:
5097:
2296:
592:
327:
2741:
7256:
6586:
6519:
6099:
5747:
5269:
4061:
3589:
3307:
905:
5107:
4999:
4415:
3989:
1138:
993:
171:
7601:
7079:
5376:
5288:
4920:
4768:
4700:
3994:
3801:
1389:
If no characters are specified for the File Name
Extension then the File Name shall consist of at least one character.
1386:
If no characters are specified for the File Name then the File Name
Extension shall consist of at least one character.
635:
580:
525:
1847:
1828:
a computer from a CD-ROM. It was announced in November 1994 and first issued in January 1995 as a joint proposal by
7715:
7261:
7169:
7119:
6878:
6211:
6206:
5227:
4805:
4795:
4785:
4177:
3767:
3740:
1836:. According to legend, the El Torito CD/DVD extension to ISO 9660 got its name because its design originated in an
700:
394:
208:
1907:
emulation) or an arbitrary number if the BIOS should not provide emulation. Emulation is useful for booting older
7527:
7472:
7251:
7236:
7216:
6494:
5914:
5410:
5132:
2725:
2536:
1926:. While the El Torito spec alludes to a "Mac" platform ID, PowerPC-based Apple Macintosh computers don't use it.
640:
746:(ISO). Since the specification is available for anybody to purchase, implementations have been written for many
7575:
7482:
7271:
7246:
6458:
6453:
5314:
4870:
4723:
4626:
4571:
4446:
4302:
4071:
2385:
2016:
1584:
933:
881:
587:
3407:
1652:
Longer file names (up to 255 bytes) and fewer restrictions on allowed characters (support for lowercase, etc.)
2834:
2479:"Working Paper for Information Processing: Volume and File Structure of CD-ROM for Information Interchange".
2454:"ISO 9660:1988(en), Information processing – Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange"
7720:
7129:
6671:
6661:
6656:
6231:
6216:
6156:
5590:
5585:
5545:
4969:
4925:
4907:
4606:
4596:
4051:
3375:
2793:
2381:
1923:
511:
380:
347:
3678:
3634:
3615:
7725:
7679:
7447:
7437:
6566:
5984:
5565:
5369:
5351:
4815:
4780:
4718:
4197:
4017:
3881:
3811:
769:, where it was eventually accepted as ISO 9660:1988. Subsequent amendments to the standard were published
739:
539:
387:
161:
156:
2881:
968:) was released in May 1986, defining a file system for CD-ROMs commonly known as the High Sierra Format.
7710:
6868:
6731:
6378:
5752:
5600:
5570:
5463:
5453:
5414:
5406:
5217:
5212:
5185:
4951:
4860:
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4372:
4272:
4245:
4122:
4012:
3925:
3816:
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3568:
3509:
2625:
2498:
2423:
2286:
2188:
1600:
1404:
1350:
1134:
758:
693:
648:
504:
497:
1447:
There are several extensions to ISO 9660 that relax some of its limitations. Notable examples include
792:
There are several extensions to ISO 9660 that relax some of its limitations. Notable examples include
776:
The first 16 sectors of the file system are empty and reserved for other uses. The rest begins with a
7626:
7532:
7266:
7241:
7084:
6925:
6363:
6166:
6039:
5822:
5222:
5137:
5025:
4986:
4800:
4530:
4519:
4494:
4431:
4135:
3952:
3942:
3898:
3863:
3695:
3581:
2995:"Phoenix announces bootable CD-ROM specification; Specification developed jointly by Phoenix and IBM"
2518:(corrected ed.). Geneva: International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 1 September 1988.
2338:
2320:
2278:
2260:
2140:
1833:
1130:
1010:
619:
598:
583:
373:
7700:
7467:
7206:
5147:
5142:
5030:
4976:
4915:
4504:
4172:
4113:
4029:
2433:
2418:
1588:
1089:, a CD-ROM may contain an alternative file system descriptor in this area, and it is often used by
448:
3163:
2345:
Extensions. Level 3 is not currently supported, although users have been able to mount these discs
1875:). The initial two authors were Curtis Stevens, of Phoenix Technologies, and Stan Merkin, of IBM.
1603:
with SUSP; so that, with care, a volume can use both Apple extensions as well as RRIP extensions.
7412:
7347:
5687:
5278:
5073:
5020:
4882:
4845:
4758:
4484:
4474:
4459:
4400:
4230:
3893:
3886:
3873:
3826:
2899:
2207:
2203:
1982:
in sector 17, offset 40 bytes. As a result of this, the volume name is limited to 16 characters.
1841:
1674:
1126:
762:
725:
183:
151:
51:
38:
1030:
945:
3652:
3449:
2940:
2622:
Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry—and Made Himself the Richest Man in America
2195:. The volume descriptor table retains the ISO9660 layout, but the identifier has been updated.
2056:
disk, the lack of code page indication will cause non-ASCII characters in file names to become
913:
6241:
4835:
4775:
4611:
4297:
4267:
4259:
4128:
4024:
3999:
3821:
3539:
3512:
3032:
2629:
2589:
2555:
1990:
1942:
1626:
semantics. The availability of these extension properties allows for better integration with
949:
941:
885:
624:
554:
490:
1016:
In 2019, ECMA published a 4th version of ECMA-119, integrating the Joliet text as "Annex C".
6975:
6716:
6044:
5152:
5087:
4855:
4763:
4561:
4211:
4155:
3844:
3467:
2532:
2116:
1945:
1908:
1770:
1656:
998:
953:
937:
747:
359:
109:
7585:
7306:
7211:
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6321:
6316:
6311:
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6301:
5102:
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4877:
4385:
3779:
3535:
3504:
They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine: Two Centuries of Innovators
2848:
2453:
1911:
from a CD, by making it appear to them as if they were booted from a hard or floppy disk.
1644:
1407:
on disc is stored in a 32 bit value, it allows for a maximum length of just over 4.2
3663:
3392:
2351:
supports the "AS" extensions (which preserve the Amiga protection bits and file comments)
2206:
are a common way to electronically transfer the contents of CD-ROMs. They often have the
1696:: Rock Ridge extensions in-use indicator (note: dropped from standard after version 1.09)
1360:
The standard specifies three nested levels of interchange (paraphrased from section 10):
5117:
3207:
3185:
1993:; Microsoft recommends the use of the Joliet extension for developers targeting Windows.
1800:
Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the
861:, which led to every CD-ROM maker creating its own format. In order to develop a CD-ROM
6873:
6621:
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6286:
6281:
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6271:
6266:
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1953:
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897:
821:
244:
228:
224:
176:
3432:
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7542:
7537:
7382:
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7286:
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7139:
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7054:
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7012:
6997:
6950:
6915:
6858:
6853:
6843:
6721:
6666:
6641:
6636:
6616:
6489:
6029:
5605:
5468:
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5293:
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4840:
4514:
4454:
4313:
3502:
3361:
3281:
2617:
2108:
1801:
1670:
1484:
1416:
1034:
909:
858:
853:
829:
606:
546:
3573:
This is the ECMA release of the ISO 9660:1988 standard, available as a free download
2091:) properties to the filesystem. Some of the additional metadata properties include:
1379:
The standard also specifies the following name restrictions (sections 7.5 and 7.6):
1341:
17:
7522:
7492:
7352:
6696:
6691:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6463:
6408:
6358:
6291:
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6221:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6089:
6054:
5964:
5959:
5787:
5595:
5361:
5335:
5243:
4959:
4667:
4255:
4222:
4160:
4140:
3493:
3025:"Fresh Tortillas and CD-ROM Standards: The El Torito Bootable CD-ROM Specification"
2701:"Standard ECMA-119: Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange"
2684:"Standard ECMA-119: Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange"
2270:
2176:
2127:
For operating systems which do not support any extensions, a name translation file
1460:
844:
840:
805:
532:
203:
146:
123:
5041:
3704:
3259:
2229:
Operating systems that support ISO 9660 and its extensions include the following:
7497:
7194:
7189:
7184:
6768:
6685:
5657:
5207:
4657:
3756:
3497:
2745:
2594:
2368:
2306:
2139:
text file. Each line contains three fields, separated by an arbitrary amount of
2011:
1904:
1884:
1683:
1623:
1428:
862:
731:
3718:
3593:
2175:
standard is an extension to the ISO 9660 format that adds support for multiple
1773:, an Amiga software which Angela Schmidt developed together with Patrick Ohly.
7487:
7392:
7099:
7074:
6838:
6793:
6529:
6186:
5999:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5842:
5817:
5692:
5448:
5298:
5282:
5274:
4935:
4733:
3712:
2919:
2342:
2316:
2300:
2274:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2049:
1949:
1880:
1766:
1639:
1038:
629:
421:
351:
2767:
2559:
2164:
still exists in many ISO 9660 implementations, particularly those related to
1862:
1849:
851:, the lowest level format for these type of compact discs was defined in the
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7616:
7606:
7567:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7387:
7377:
7362:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7281:
7226:
7221:
7201:
7179:
7159:
7114:
7094:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7007:
6970:
6960:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6920:
6905:
6900:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6798:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6763:
6758:
6706:
6701:
6681:
6651:
6626:
6611:
6581:
6534:
6524:
6504:
6499:
6484:
6479:
6393:
6114:
6109:
6004:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5259:
4890:
4631:
4509:
4240:
4108:
4103:
2428:
2282:
2172:
2052:"CDFS" drivers. When a Windows installation of a different language opens a
2045:
1938:
1896:
1837:
1664:
1631:
1592:
1090:
921:
917:
654:
475:
417:
323:
319:
299:
291:
256:
61:
2997:(Press release). Phoenix Technologies Ltd. 11 November 1994. Archived from
1786:
3528:
2957:
1027:
The following is the rough overall structure of the ISO 9660 file system.
131:
7291:
7069:
6773:
6601:
6438:
6413:
6388:
6373:
6348:
6343:
6226:
6201:
6196:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6161:
6126:
6121:
6104:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6059:
6049:
6034:
6024:
6019:
6009:
5994:
5989:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5919:
5904:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5837:
5832:
5812:
5807:
5797:
5792:
5782:
5777:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5732:
5722:
5615:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
4708:
4652:
4621:
4410:
4091:
3984:
3937:
3831:
3606:
3173:
3133:
3107:
2217:
is less common, but also in use) and are commonly referred to as "ISOs".
2084:
2057:
1408:
1371:
of multiple non-contiguous sections (with some restrictions as to order).
1315:
1311:
561:
456:
413:
295:
287:
240:
236:
232:
95:
3308:"Haiku Source Tree, src/add-ons/kernel/file_systems/iso9660/iso9660.cpp"
2324:
2150:
The ISO 9660 filename (including the usually hidden ";1" for files); and
7580:
7372:
7357:
7154:
7144:
7134:
6910:
6726:
6676:
6571:
6559:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5625:
5580:
5575:
5560:
5555:
5550:
4662:
4636:
4463:
4096:
4066:
3957:
3913:
3664:"Amiga Extensions on Rock Ridge: "Documents related to MakeCD program""
3169:
3079:
2400:
2390:
2348:
2041:
2026:
2021:
2006:
1970:
1966:
1888:
1825:
1758:
1660:
1634:
operating systems. The standard takes its name from the fictional town
1468:
1456:
1424:
1420:
1086:
1006:
1002:
929:
901:
813:
801:
461:
355:
342:
335:
331:
311:
307:
268:
252:
7442:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7089:
7064:
6992:
6848:
6833:
6813:
6808:
6753:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6631:
6596:
6443:
6094:
5909:
5473:
5200:
5174:
4672:
4581:
4576:
4380:
4081:
2904:
2372:
2359:
2241:
2237:
2076:
1961:
1757:
is similar to RRIP, except it provides additional properties used by
1314:
is used for managing code sets that are wider than 8 bytes, and that
848:
735:
484:
480:
441:
408:
366:
303:
283:
264:
212:
3601:
6930:
3672:"The "El Torito" Bootable CD-ROM Format Specification, Version 1.0"
248:
7477:
7452:
7174:
7059:
6711:
6576:
6448:
6423:
6418:
6398:
5772:
5742:
5737:
5458:
5443:
5433:
5428:
5195:
5190:
4930:
4728:
4713:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4591:
4586:
4524:
4405:
4358:
4353:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4287:
4277:
4182:
4150:
4044:
4039:
4034:
3930:
3858:
3806:
3713:
US Patent 5758352 - Common name space for long and short filenames
3054:
2334:
2309:: ISO Level 1 and 2 support via the HS.FST File System Translator.
2292:
2136:
2001:
1996:
1979:
1957:
1915:
1762:
1620:
1480:
1432:
1340:
1098:
825:
467:
434:
315:
279:
220:
3530:
CD ROM - The New Papyrus: The current and future state of the art
7124:
6987:
6980:
6646:
6591:
6191:
5802:
5340:
4601:
4566:
4556:
4551:
4489:
4425:
4395:
4390:
4326:
4321:
4292:
4201:
4192:
4145:
4086:
4056:
3947:
3918:
3908:
3903:
3868:
3850:
3619:
2972:
2499:"Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange"
2377:
2364:
2328:
2181:
2165:
1919:
1627:
1616:
1499:
1354:
1142:
260:
216:
5365:
5045:
3729:
3725:
3134:"Windows NT Support For Long File Names Under CDFS File System"
2516:
Volume and File Structure of CD-ROM for Information Interchange
2285:
may also mistake UDF format for CDFS. for more information see
2277:, and newer Windows versions, can read ISO 9660 Level 1, 2, 3,
1259:
Supplementary volume descriptor, or enhanced volume descriptor
7611:
7301:
6353:
5158:
4207:
4187:
4076:
3978:
2354:
2233:
2192:
1829:
1780:
1412:
1323:
length of a file and directory identifier is maximized to 207.
871:
Volume and File Structure of CDROM for Information Interchange
274:
3433:"The Virtual GS: Using ISO disk images in Apple II emulators"
2958:"CDFS The Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol (RRIP, IEEE P1282)"
2048:. This format is built around the workings of Windows 9x and
1914:
El Torito can also be used to produce CDs which can boot up
1798:
about relationship to FAT filesystem, operation under UEFI.
925:
2882:"kern/95222: File sections on ISO9660 level 3 CDs ignored"
1129:
for the data area, describing its content (similar to the
2315:
7 to 9: ISO Level 1, 2. Optional free software supports
1511:
SUSP defines several common tags and system use fields:
1289:
for indicating the end of the descriptor sequence. The
3282:"hsfs - High Sierra & ISO 9660 CD-ROM file system"
971:
A draft version of this proposal was submitted to the
3700:(see int 13h in interrupt.b, esp. functions 4a to 4d)
3393:"Birth Announcement: ISO/IEC 13346 and ISO/IEC 13490"
2829:
2827:
2768:"JIS X 0606:1998 / ISO 9660:1999 Draft Specification"
1969:
characters in length. However, the documentation for
1281:
An ISO 9660 compliant disc must contain at least one
2458:
ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
2393:
supports only ISO 9660 Interchange levels 1–3, with
1565:: Apple extension, old (length attribute is missing)
1223:
Standard volume descriptor types are the following:
896:). Present at the meeting were representatives from
7594:
7320:
6472:
5421:
5328:
5307:
5252:
5236:
5167:
5125:
5080:
5013:
4985:
4950:
4906:
4824:
4746:
4699:
4645:
4540:
4445:
4371:
4311:
4254:
4221:
3788:
3358:"Technical Note FL36: Apple Extensions to ISO 9660"
3336:"CD-ROM Discs: Joliet & Romeo Name Definitions"
3288:. SunOS 5.11 / OpenSolaris 2009.06. 1 November 2006
2821:
ISO 9660, Amendment 2 (ISO 9660:1988/Amd.2:2020(E))
2780:
ISO 9660, Amendment 1 (ISO 9660:1988/Amd.1:2013(E))
1367:
Level 2: Files may contain one single file section.
765:as ECMA-119 and submitted for fast tracking to the
106:
101:
90:
85:
67:
57:
37:
3527:
3501:
2147:The file type ("F" for file or "D" for directory);
428:High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)
3526:Lambert, Steve; Ropiequet, Suzanne, eds. (1986).
1297:In addition to the primary volume descriptor(s),
1033:values can be stored in three different formats:
2742:"Chip's CD Media Resource Center: CD-ROM page 6"
2153:The extended filename, which may contain spaces.
3464:"The OpenVMS Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)"
3240:. Mac OS X Version 10.7.4. Apple. 18 March 2011
2087:(the primary contemporary file systems for the
1679:Deeper directory hierarchy (more than 8 levels)
3408:"What Is An ISO File (And How Do I Use Them)?"
1941:and has been supported by all versions of its
744:International Organization for Standardization
5377:
5057:
3741:
3208:"Is Microsoft's Joliet filesystem supported?"
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
2527:
2525:
1986:systems which can read Joliet media include:
701:
27:File system for CD-R and CD-ROM optical discs
8:
3590:"Description of data structures in ISO-9660"
2788:
2786:
1392:File names shall not have more than one dot.
1345:Overview of the ISO 9660 directory structure
32:
2552:National Information Standards Organization
1451:(Unix-style permissions and longer names),
1411:(more precisely, one byte less than 4
973:European Computer Manufacturers Association
875:National Information Standards Organization
796:(Unix-style permissions and longer names),
5384:
5370:
5362:
5064:
5050:
5042:
4828:
4544:
4308:
3794:
3748:
3734:
3726:
3157:
3155:
2920:"Arbitrary Attribute Interchange Protocol"
1937:is an extension specified and endorsed by
1395:Directory names shall not use dots at all.
708:
694:
119:
31:
3450:"Work with PC-created Joliet Level 3 CDs"
3140:. Microsoft. 1 November 2006. MSKB 142372
3031:. Vol. 8, no. 7. Archived from
3018:
3016:
2706:(reprinted 2nd ed.). September 1998
2510:
2508:
3709:, discusses shortcomings of the standard
3578:"Summary of the ISO 9660 Specifications"
3438:. Juiced.GS Volume 9, Issue 2. May 2004.
1536:: System use sharing protocol terminator
1225:
1177:
1147:
1048:
3646:"RRIP (IEEE P1282) Draft Standard 1.12"
3628:"SUSP (IEEE P1281) Draft Standard 1.12"
2934:"RRIP (IEEE P1282) Draft Standard 1.12"
2445:
2259:: can read ISO 9660 Level 1, 2, 3, and
1922:bootloader on the CD and following the
1530:: System use sharing protocol indicator
680:High-definition optical disc format war
122:
3616:"RRIP History: About Young Minds, Inc"
3114:. Microsoft. 11 July 2005. MSKB 125630
2537:"CD-ROM Standards: The Fate of Z39.60"
2075:authored a set of extensions that add
1475:(file characteristics specific to the
956:. The meeting report evolved from the
820:(file characteristics specific to the
519:Stacked Volumetric Optical Disk (SVOD)
402:China Blue High-definition Disc (CBHD)
2569:from the original on 18 November 2016
7:
3705:"EL Torito Specification Supplement"
2835:"ISO9660 Simplified for DOS/Windows"
2590:"Premium Reference Tool of the '90s"
2501:. Ecma International. December 1987.
1918:operating systems, by including the
1648:. The RRIP extensions are, briefly:
977:International Standards Organization
3080:"Bootable hybrid (ISO/HFS) CD-ROMs"
2588:Helliwell, John (14 October 1986).
1075:Path tables, directories and files
3691:(see isolinux.asm line 294 onward)
2661:(3). Atari Explorer Publications:
2299:: ISO 9660 Level 1, 2, 3, Joliet,
2236:: access with extensions, such as
1824:is an extension designed to allow
1619:P1282) is an extension which adds
25:
3108:"Joliet Specification for CD-ROM"
2414:Comparison of disc image software
1552:Other known SUSP fields include:
1285:describing the file system and a
1275:Volume descriptor set terminator
1169:Volume descriptor set terminator
888:. This group became known as the
784:describing the file system and a
753:ISO 9660 traces its roots to the
7675:
7674:
5116:
3186:"5 Appendix A: Product Behavior"
2337:(all versions): ISO Level 1, 2,
2119:that are able to read ISO 9660.
1785:
1299:supplementary volume descriptors
1291:volume descriptor set terminator
1287:volume descriptor set terminator
1179:Volume descriptor (2,048 bytes)
1123:volume descriptor set terminator
786:volume descriptor set terminator
675:History of optical storage media
395:Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)
130:
2544:Information Standards Quarterly
1613:Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol
5098:Common Language Infrastructure
3602:"ISO 9660 Analyzer Tool (iat)"
3466:. Hoffman Labs. Archived from
2971:Angela Schmidt, Patrick Ohly.
2861:ISO9660 sections 6.9 and 9.4.4
2727:The Invention of Compact Discs
2689:(1st ed.). December 1986.
1487:, file backup date and more).
1243:Boot record volume descriptor
1227:Basic volume descriptor types
1125:. These collectively act as a
832:, file backup date and more).
1:
3696:"Ralf Brown's interrupt list"
3651:. 8 July 1994. Archived from
3633:. 8 July 1994. Archived from
3406:Gavin, Brady (25 June 2018).
3206:Jeff Tranter (18 July 2001).
2939:. 8 July 1994. Archived from
2649:Anderson, Gregg (June 1987).
2240:(Microsoft CDROM Extension),
2191:(UDF), which was adopted for
1400:implement the full standard.
906:Digital Equipment Corporation
738:media. The file system is an
381:Enhanced Versatile Disc (EVD)
1559:: Apple extension, preferred
1267:Volume partition descriptor
770:
388:Forward Versatile Disc (FVD)
4921:Filesystem-level encryption
3260:"FreeBSD 3.2 Release Notes"
3238:BSD General Commands Manual
2973:"Amiga MakeCD Support Page"
2481:Optical Information Systems
1496:System Use Sharing Protocol
1443:Extensions and improvements
1435:supports multiple extents.
1303:enhanced volume descriptors
540:Nintendo optical disc (NOD)
526:Fluorescent Multilayer Disc
505:Ultra Density Optical (UDO)
73:; 36 years ago
7757:
5228:Holographic Versatile Disc
3768:Comparison of file systems
2104:Flags and data for display
1251:Primary volume descriptor
962:High Sierra Group Proposal
374:Universal Media Disc (UMD)
7741:Windows disk file systems
7670:
5403:
5349:
5133:Advanced Intelligent Tape
5114:
4831:
4547:
3797:
3763:
2487:(1): 29–49. January 1987.
2323:(including ISO Level 3):
2160:Native support for using
1473:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
1283:primary volume descriptor
1207:5 bytes (always 'CD001')
1064:
934:Reference Technology Inc.
818:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
782:primary volume descriptor
641:Apple ISO 9660 Extensions
449:Personal Video Disc (PVD)
7731:Optical computer storage
4871:Extended file attributes
4572:Compact Disc File System
3338:. Apple Inc. 1 June 2007
3286:OpenSolaris Man Page Set
3138:Microsoft Knowledge Base
3112:Microsoft Knowledge Base
2900:"linux/fs/isofs/Kconfig"
2620:; Andrews, Paul (1993).
1863:33.684722°N 117.852547°W
1663:and group ids, and file
1595:, supported by libisofs.
1585:Extended File Attributes
882:Golden Nugget Lake Tahoe
7706:Apple Inc. file systems
4970:Installable File System
1924:Multiboot Specification
1891:) assigned is any of 80
1702:: POSIX file attributes
1571:: Amiga file properties
1117:, a set of one or more
1055:System area (32,768 B)
647:Universal Disk Format (
512:3D optical data storage
491:Video Single Disc (VSD)
7736:Optical disc authoring
5352:List of Ecma standards
5081:Application interfaces
4018:TiVo Media File System
3882:Encrypting File System
3719:"Joliet Specification"
3212:The Linux CD-ROM HOWTO
2870:ISO 9660 section 9.1.4
2651:"The Future of CD-ROM"
2184:in multiple sessions.
1868:33.684722; -117.852547
1832:and BIOS manufacturer
1796:is missing information
1708:: POSIX device numbers
1542:: Extensions reference
1346:
1149:Volume descriptor set
1070:Volume descriptor set
740:international standard
601:(layer jump recording)
167:Recording technologies
157:Optical disc authoring
5308:Radio link interfaces
5253:Programming languages
5218:Ultra Density Optical
4013:Macintosh File System
3510:Little, Brown and Co.
3262:. The FreeBSD Project
2880:Pete (2 April 2006).
2424:List of ISO standards
2281:, and ISO 9660:1999.
2189:Universal Disk Format
1738:: relocated directory
1682:Efficient storage of
1344:
1337:Directories and files
1210:1 byte (always 0x01)
1164:Volume descriptor #N
1154:Volume descriptor #1
1115:volume descriptor set
1105:Volume descriptor set
1050:ISO 9660 file system
778:volume descriptor set
498:Magneto-optical discs
5223:Universal Media Disc
5026:GUID Partition Table
4373:Distributed parallel
4121:Shared File System (
3689:ISOLINUX source code
3684:on 18 February 2008.
3364:on 26 December 2008.
2329:Joliet Volume Access
1834:Phoenix Technologies
1548:: Extension selector
1131:BIOS parameter block
18:Joliet (file system)
5168:File systems (disk)
5126:File systems (tape)
5031:Apple Partition Map
4977:Virtual file system
4916:Access-control list
4030:NetWare File System
3470:on 19 November 2017
3029:CD-ROM Professional
2803:. Ecma. p. vii
2794:"Standard ECMA-119"
2434:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23
2419:Disk image emulator
2303:, and ISO 9660:1999
2204:Optical disc images
2095:Date of last backup
1859: /
1518:: Continuation area
1467:(enables CDs to be
1228:
1180:
1150:
1101:-specific content.
1051:
812:(enables CDs to be
742:available from the
243:), Super Video CD (
196:Optical media types
34:
5397:by standard number
5074:Ecma International
5021:Master Boot Record
4846:Data deduplication
4485:Google File System
4401:Google File System
3887:Extent File System
3849:Byte File System (
3666:. 5 December 1996.
3496:; Buckland, Gail;
2908:. 23 January 2022.
2801:Ecma International
2208:filename extension
2131:must be used. The
1842:Irvine, California
1750:: sparse file data
1601:forward compatible
1347:
1226:
1178:
1148:
1145:formatted disks).
1121:terminated with a
1119:volume descriptors
1059:Unused by ISO 9660
1049:
948:(later Meridian),
763:Ecma International
755:High Sierra Format
227:, Super Audio CD (
184:Burst cutting area
162:Authoring software
152:Optical disc drive
52:Ecma International
7716:Disk file systems
7688:
7687:
5411:ISO romanizations
5359:
5358:
5039:
5038:
4946:
4945:
4836:Case preservation
4742:
4741:
4441:
4440:
4367:
4366:
4129:Smart File System
3622:on 17 March 2018.
3518:978-0-316-27766-2
3324:. 15 August 2013.
3172:System Manager's
3035:on 8 October 1999
3001:on 10 August 2017
2533:Peters, Paul Evan
2117:operating systems
2040:was developed by
1991:Microsoft Windows
1909:operating systems
1819:
1818:
1279:
1278:
1217:
1216:
1173:
1172:
1079:
1078:
890:High Sierra Group
886:Stateline, Nevada
845:mass data storage
748:operating systems
718:
717:
555:Professional Disc
462:MD Data, MD Data2
356:Mini Blu-ray Disc
118:
117:
110:operating systems
16:(Redirected from
7748:
7678:
7677:
5398:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5363:
5354:(1961 – present)
5153:Linear Tape-Open
5120:
5088:ANSI escape code
5066:
5059:
5052:
5043:
4856:Execute in place
4829:
4562:Boot File System
4545:
4309:
3845:Boot File System
3795:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3727:
3722:
3708:
3699:
3685:
3683:
3677:. Archived from
3676:
3667:
3659:
3658:on 4 April 2017.
3657:
3650:
3641:
3640:on 4 April 2017.
3639:
3632:
3623:
3618:. Archived from
3611:
3597:
3596:on 17 July 2011.
3592:. Archived from
3585:
3580:. Archived from
3572:
3564:
3549:
3533:
3522:
3507:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3452:. 16 April 2004.
3446:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3360:. Archived from
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3182:
3176:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3104:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3023:Parker, Dana J.
3020:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2946:on 4 April 2017.
2945:
2938:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2877:
2871:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2831:
2822:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2798:
2790:
2781:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2744:. Archived from
2738:
2732:
2731:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2541:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2450:
2216:
2212:
2163:
2135:file is a plain
2134:
2130:
2123:Other extensions
2068:Apple extensions
1946:operating system
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1789:
1781:
1755:Amiga Rock Ridge
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1720:: alternate name
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1305:may be present.
1229:
1181:
1151:
1113:begins with the
1052:
999:Nero Burning ROM
938:Sony Corporation
771:in 2013 and 2020
710:
703:
696:
595:(packet writing)
360:Ultra HD Blu-ray
348:BD-R & BD-RE
134:
120:
81:
79:
74:
35:
21:
7756:
7755:
7751:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7666:
7590:
7316:
6468:
5417:
5399:
5396:
5390:
5360:
5355:
5345:
5324:
5303:
5248:
5232:
5163:
5121:
5112:
5103:Office Open XML
5076:
5070:
5040:
5035:
5009:
4981:
4965:File system API
4942:
4902:
4878:File change log
4820:
4796:Record-oriented
4769:Self-certifying
4738:
4695:
4641:
4536:
4437:
4363:
4307:
4250:
4217:
3790:
3784:
3780:Unix filesystem
3759:
3754:
3717:
3703:
3694:
3681:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3626:
3614:
3600:
3588:
3584:on 27 May 2022.
3576:
3567:
3559:
3556:
3546:
3536:Microsoft Press
3525:
3519:
3492:
3489:
3487:Further reading
3484:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3243:
3241:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3217:
3215:
3214:. Revision 1.17
3205:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3143:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2888:(Mailing list).
2879:
2878:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2833:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2748:on 26 July 2019
2740:
2739:
2735:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2628:. p. 336.
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2410:
2244:or CORELCDX.EXE
2223:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2161:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2107:Reference to a
2070:
2035:
1932:
1902:
1894:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1779:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1714:: symbolic link
1711:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1645:Blazing Saddles
1609:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1524:: Padding field
1521:
1515:
1505:system use area
1493:
1459:, allowing non-
1445:
1339:
1330:
1107:
1047:
1025:
838:
804:, allowing non-
723:(also known as
714:
685:
684:
670:
662:
661:
576:
568:
567:
197:
189:
188:
172:Recording modes
142:
108:
91:Max volume size
77:
75:
72:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7754:
7752:
7744:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7721:Ecma standards
7718:
7713:
7708:
7703:
7693:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7682:
7671:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
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7629:
7624:
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7609:
7604:
7598:
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7309:
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7264:
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6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
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6361:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6335:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
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6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
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5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
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5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5381:
5374:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5311:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5247:
5246:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5183:
5180:CD File System
5177:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5046:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5005:Log-structured
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4962:
4956:
4954:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4910:
4908:Access control
4904:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4866:File attribute
4863:
4858:
4853:
4851:Data scrubbing
4848:
4843:
4838:
4832:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4806:Steganographic
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4786:Log-structured
4783:
4778:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4457:
4451:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4350:
4349:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4205:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4116:
4111:
4109:Reliance Nitro
4106:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3972:
3969:Classic Mac OS
3962:
3961:
3960:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3847:
3842:
3840:Be File System
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3710:
3701:
3692:
3686:
3668:
3660:
3642:
3624:
3612:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3565:
3555:
3554:External links
3552:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3523:
3517:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3455:
3441:
3424:
3398:
3384:
3367:
3349:
3327:
3313:
3299:
3273:
3251:
3225:
3198:
3177:
3151:
3125:
3092:
3071:
3046:
3012:
2986:
2963:
2949:
2925:
2911:
2891:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2840:
2823:
2814:
2782:
2773:
2759:
2733:
2717:
2692:
2675:
2641:
2634:
2618:Manes, Stephen
2609:
2580:
2521:
2504:
2490:
2471:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2398:
2388:
2375:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2332:
2313:Classic Mac OS
2310:
2304:
2290:
2267:Windows NT 4.0
2263:
2245:
2222:
2219:
2200:
2197:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2124:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2089:classic Mac OS
2073:Apple Computer
2069:
2066:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1954:Windows NT 4.0
1931:
1928:
1900:
1899:emulation), 00
1892:
1840:restaurant in
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1810:September 2023
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1671:Symbolic links
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1591:. Proposed by
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1485:resource forks
1477:classic Mac OS
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1023:Specifications
1021:
898:Apple Computer
837:
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830:resource forks
822:classic Mac OS
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5415:IEC standards
5412:
5408:
5407:ISO standards
5402:
5394:
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5327:
5321:
5318:
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5313:
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5306:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:Minimal BASIC
5292:
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5287:
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5072:Standards of
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4998:
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4995:Cryptographic
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4841:Copy-on-write
4839:
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4314:wear leveling
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2554:(NISO): 1–3.
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2109:resource fork
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2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
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1797:
1794:This section
1792:
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1782:
1776:
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1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1732:: parent link
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1497:
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1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1463:to be used),
1462:
1461:Latin scripts
1458:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:InfraRecorder
1414:
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1054:
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1044:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:little-endian
1032:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
988:
986:
985:ISO 9660:1988
982:
981:fast tracking
978:
974:
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967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
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891:
887:
883:
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868:
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855:
850:
846:
842:
841:Compact discs
835:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
808:to be used),
807:
806:Latin scripts
803:
799:
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783:
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764:
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618:
617:
616:
613:
612:
611:File systems
610:
608:
607:Rainbow Books
605:
600:
597:
594:
593:Mount Rainier
591:
590:
589:
585:
582:
579:
578:
572:
571:
564:
563:
559:
557:
556:
552:
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548:
547:Archival Disc
544:
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124:Optical discs
121:
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105:
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93:
89:
84:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
42:
40:
36:
30:
19:
7711:Compact disc
7533:27000 series
6428:
5244:Universal 3D
5179:
4960:File manager
4529:
4430:
4256:Flash memory
4235:
4223:Optical disc
4161:soft updates
4141:Soup (Apple)
3791:non-rotating
3757:File systems
3679:the original
3653:the original
3635:the original
3620:the original
3605:
3594:the original
3582:the original
3529:
3503:
3498:Lefer, David
3472:. Retrieved
3468:the original
3458:
3444:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3411:
3401:
3387:
3370:
3362:the original
3352:
3340:. Retrieved
3330:
3316:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3285:
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3254:
3242:. Retrieved
3237:
3234:"hdiutil(1)"
3228:
3216:. Retrieved
3211:
3201:
3189:. Retrieved
3180:
3142:. Retrieved
3137:
3128:
3116:. Retrieved
3111:
3083:. Retrieved
3074:
3062:. Retrieved
3058:
3049:
3037:. Retrieved
3033:the original
3028:
3003:. Retrieved
2999:the original
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2966:
2952:
2941:the original
2928:
2914:
2903:
2894:
2886:freebsd-bugs
2885:
2875:
2866:
2857:
2843:
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2800:
2776:
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2746:the original
2736:
2726:
2720:
2708:. Retrieved
2695:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2658:
2654:
2644:
2621:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2593:
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2547:
2543:
2515:
2493:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2394:
2271:Windows 2000
2228:
2224:
2202:
2186:
2170:
2159:
2156:
2126:
2113:
2101:Creator code
2071:
2062:
2053:
2037:
2036:
1984:
1976:
1934:
1933:
1913:
1877:
1821:
1820:
1807:
1795:
1754:
1753:
1744:: time stamp
1726:: child link
1688:
1684:sparse files
1675:device files
1669:Support for
1643:
1635:
1612:
1610:
1598:
1587:, including
1551:
1510:
1504:
1495:
1494:
1472:
1464:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1437:
1402:
1398:
1378:
1374:
1359:
1348:
1331:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1222:
1218:
1213:2,041 bytes
1174:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1082:
1080:
1058:
1029:
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866:
852:
839:
817:
809:
797:
793:
791:
785:
781:
777:
775:
754:
752:
736:optical disc
724:
720:
719:
614:
560:
553:
545:
538:
533:Hyper CD-ROM
531:
524:
517:
510:
503:
496:
489:
473:
466:
454:
447:
440:
433:
426:
407:
400:
393:
386:
379:
372:
365:
340:
273:
235:, CD Video (
201:
147:Optical disc
39:Developer(s)
29:
7321:20000–29999
6473:10000–19999
5155:(Ultrium-1)
4926:Permissions
4541:Specialized
3773:distributed
3474:1 September
3417:23 December
3412:How-To Geek
3055:"El-Torito"
2975:(in German)
2752:24 November
2710:30 December
2668:18 November
2602:18 November
2595:PC Magazine
2573:18 November
2464:17 December
2460:. ISO. 1988
2369:eComStation
2307:Apple GS/OS
2199:Disc images
2012:OpenSolaris
1905:floppy disk
1885:floppy disk
1866: /
1854:117°51′09″W
1655:UNIX-style
1624:file system
1429:Roxio Toast
1427:as well as
1328:Path tables
1190:Identifier
1083:system area
958:Yellow Book
863:file system
854:Yellow Book
732:file system
474:LaserDisc (
7701:Amiga APIs
7695:Categories
7100:16949 (TS)
6697:11941 (TR)
5395:standards
5299:Full BASIC
5283:ECMAScript
5275:JavaScript
4952:Interfaces
4936:Sticky bit
4816:Versioning
4781:Journaling
4724:Rubberhose
4520:SMB (CIFS)
4312:host-side
3569:"ECMA-119"
3561:"ISO 9660"
3164:mkisofs(8)
3039:31 January
3005:31 January
2440:References
2397:extensions
2343:Rock Ridge
2325:Joke Ridge
2317:Rock Ridge
2301:Rock Ridge
2275:Windows XP
2265:Microsoft
2257:Windows ME
2253:Windows 98
2249:Windows 95
2247:Microsoft
2242:NWCDEX.EXE
2238:MSCDEX.EXE
2141:whitespace
2050:Windows NT
1950:Windows 95
1881:image file
1851:33°41′05″N
1767:batch file
1665:timestamps
1657:file modes
1640:Mel Brooks
1636:Rock Ridge
1607:Rock Ridge
1583:: records
1483:, such as
1471:) and the
1449:Rock Ridge
1091:hybrid CDs
1065:Data area
1039:big-endian
1031:Multi-byte
979:(ISO) for
946:VideoTools
865:standard (
828:, such as
816:) and the
794:Rock Ridge
630:Rock Ridge
599:Mount Fuji
455:MiniDisc (
422:HD DVD-RAM
352:Blu-ray 3D
68:Introduced
7055:15926 WIP
6419:9592/9593
6344:9000/9001
6232:8805/8806
5148:Super DLT
4811:Synthetic
4754:Clustered
4701:Encrypted
4632:OverlayFS
4241:ISO 13490
3817:Amiga OFS
3812:Amiga FFS
3085:3 January
3064:3 January
2849:"ISO9660"
2807:16 August
2626:Doubleday
2598:: 150–164
2560:1041-0031
2429:Hybrid CD
2283:Windows 7
2221:Platforms
2173:ISO 13490
2162:TRANS.TBL
2133:TRANS.TBL
2129:TRANS.TBL
2098:File type
2046:code page
1939:Microsoft
1897:hard disk
1838:El Torito
1822:El Torito
1802:talk page
1777:El Torito
1632:Unix-like
1593:libburnia
1465:El Torito
1111:data area
1093:to offer
1045:Top level
997:(such as
922:Microsoft
918:Microware
914:LaserData
847:. Called
810:El Torito
655:ISO 13490
636:El Torito
575:Standards
418:HD DVD-RW
324:DVD-Video
257:CD-ROM XA
107:Supported
62:ISO 13490
7680:Category
5405:List of
5237:Graphics
4896:Symbolic
4825:Features
4801:Semantic
4709:eCryptfs
4653:configfs
4622:SquashFS
4510:POHMELFS
4411:OrangeFS
4236:ISO 9660
4156:UFS/UFS2
4104:Reliance
4092:ReiserFS
3938:Files-11
3832:bcachefs
3789:Disk and
3607:Freecode
3500:(2004).
3191:13 April
2655:Explorer
2564:Archived
2408:See also
2215:.iso9660
2177:sessions
2058:Mojibake
1661:user ids
1469:bootable
1316:ISO 2375
1312:ISO 2022
1193:Version
1133:used by
942:TMS Inc.
902:AT&T
814:bootable
721:ISO 9660
669:See also
615:ISO 9660
562:DataPlay
414:HD DVD-R
300:DVD+R DS
296:DVD-R DS
292:DVD+R DL
288:DVD-R DL
233:Photo CD
58:Variants
33:ISO 9660
7581:29199-2
7453:23094-2
7448:23094-1
7438:23090-3
7307:19794-5
7302:19775-1
7090:16612-2
7080:16355-1
6769:13406-2
6727:12234-2
6495:10118-3
5336:ECMA-35
5260:C++/CLI
5108:OpenXPS
5014:Layouts
5000:Default
4663:debugfs
4637:UnionFS
4531:more...
4464:OpenAFS
4432:more...
4097:Reiser4
4067:OpenZFS
3958:HAMMER2
3914:ext3cow
3894:Episode
3342:20 July
3170:FreeBSD
2979:4 April
2401:RISC OS
2391:OpenVMS
2349:AmigaOS
2042:Adaptec
2027:RISC OS
2022:AmigaOS
2007:FreeBSD
1980:UCS-2BE
1971:mkisofs
1967:Unicode
1943:Windows
1889:INT 13H
1826:booting
1759:AmigaOS
1642:' film
1615:(RRIP,
1498:(SUSP,
1457:Unicode
1425:mkisofs
1421:ImgBurn
1351:extents
1204:1 byte
1007:ImgBurn
1003:mkisofs
930:Philips
910:Hitachi
908:(DEC),
873:), the
849:CD-ROMs
836:History
802:Unicode
730:) is a
336:MiniDVD
332:EcoDisc
312:DVD-RAM
269:Mini CD
253:CD-Text
141:General
94:8
76: (
7595:30000+
6434:9797-1
6242:8820-5
6187:8501-1
5743:1073-2
5738:1073-1
5422:1–9999
5270:Eiffel
5201:FAT16B
5182:(CDFS)
5175:CD-ROM
4887:Links
4861:Extent
4791:Object
4759:Global
4677:specfs
4673:procfs
4668:kernfs
4646:Pseudo
4627:UMSDOS
4582:Davfs2
4577:cramfs
4515:Hadoop
4495:Lustre
4381:BeeGFS
4347:NILFS2
4082:QNX4FS
4045:NILFS2
3953:HAMMER
3943:Fossil
3542:
3515:
3292:29 May
3266:29 May
3244:29 May
3218:29 May
3174:Manual
3144:29 May
3118:29 May
2905:GitHub
2632:
2558:
2373:ArcaOS
2360:ULTRIX
2339:Joliet
2321:Joliet
2279:Joliet
2261:Joliet
2077:ProDOS
1962:UTF-16
1948:since
1935:Joliet
1930:Joliet
1771:MakeCD
1453:Joliet
1405:extent
1232:Value
1127:header
1011:Joliet
954:Yelick
952:, and
867:Z39.60
798:Joliet
632:/ SUSP
620:Joliet
485:LV-ROM
481:LD-ROM
442:GD-ROM
409:HD DVD
367:M-DISC
308:DVD+RW
304:DVD-RW
265:MIL-CD
213:CD-ROM
86:Limits
7662:80000
7657:56000
7652:55000
7647:50001
7642:45001
7637:42010
7632:40500
7627:39075
7622:38500
7617:37001
7612:32000
7607:31000
7602:30170
7586:29500
7576:29148
7572:29110
7568:28000
7563:27729
7558:27006
7553:27005
7548:27002
7543:27001
7538:27000
7528:26324
7523:26300
7518:26262
7513:26000
7508:25964
7503:25178
7498:24728
7493:24707
7488:24617
7483:24613
7478:24517
7473:23941
7468:23360
7463:23271
7458:23270
7443:23092
7433:23009
7428:23008
7423:23003
7418:23000
7413:22537
7408:22395
7403:22301
7398:22300
7393:22275
7388:22000
7383:21827
7378:21500
7373:21122
7368:21047
7363:21001
7358:21000
7353:20830
7348:20802
7343:20400
7338:20121
7333:20022
7328:20000
7312:19831
7297:19770
7292:19757
7287:19752
7282:19600
7277:19510
7272:19509
7267:19508
7262:19507
7257:19506
7252:19505
7247:19503
7242:19502
7237:19501
7232:19500
7227:19439
7222:19407
7217:19136
7212:19125
7207:19115
7202:19114
7185:19092
7180:19011
7175:19005
7170:18916
7165:18629
7160:18245
7155:18181
7150:18014
7145:18004
7140:17799
7135:17506
7130:17442
7125:17369
7120:17203
7115:17100
7110:17025
7105:17024
7095:16750
7085:16485
7075:16262
7070:16023
7065:15938
7060:15930
7050:15926
7045:15924
7040:15919
7035:15897
7030:15707
7018:15706
7013:15693
7008:15686
7003:15511
6998:15504
6993:15438
6988:15445
6971:15444
6966:15408
6961:15398
6956:15291
6951:15288
6946:15189
6941:15022
6936:14971
6931:14882
6926:14764
6921:14698
6916:14651
6911:14649
6906:14644
6901:14617
6849:14496
6844:14443
6839:14396
6834:14289
6829:14224
6824:14031
6819:14000
6814:13818
6809:13816
6804:13616
6799:13584
6794:13568
6789:13567
6784:13490
6779:13485
6774:13450
6764:13399
6759:13250
6754:13216
6737:13211
6732:12620
6722:12207
6717:12182
6712:12052
6707:12006
6702:11992
6692:11941
6682:11940
6677:11898
6672:11889
6667:11801
6662:11785
6657:11784
6652:11783
6647:11544
6642:11404
6637:11179
6632:11172
6627:11170
6622:11073
6617:10967
6612:10962
6607:10957
6602:10861
6597:10746
6592:10664
6587:10646
6582:10628
6577:10589
6572:10585
6567:10383
6535:10303
6530:10279
6525:10218
6520:10206
6515:10179
6510:10165
6505:10161
6500:10160
6490:10116
6485:10007
6480:10006
5329:Other
5196:FAT16
5191:FAT12
4987:Lists
4931:Modes
4776:Flash
4747:Types
4729:SSHFS
4714:EncFS
4691:WinFS
4686:tmpfs
4681:sysfs
4658:devfs
4592:FTPFS
4587:EROFS
4525:SSHFS
4406:OCFS2
4359:UBIFS
4354:YAFFS
4342:NILFS
4337:LogFS
4332:JFFS2
4288:EROFS
4278:exFAT
4183:Xiafs
4166:WAPBL
4151:UBIFS
4062:OneFS
4040:NILFS
4035:Next3
4025:MINIX
3931:exFAT
3859:Btrfs
3827:AthFS
3807:AdvFS
3682:(PDF)
3675:(PDF)
3656:(PDF)
3649:(PDF)
3638:(PDF)
3631:(PDF)
3436:(PDF)
3379:(PDF)
3059:OSDev
2944:(PDF)
2937:(PDF)
2797:(PDF)
2704:(PDF)
2687:(PDF)
2567:(PDF)
2550:(3).
2540:(PDF)
2386:Haiku
2335:macOS
2293:Linux
2137:ASCII
2054:Romeo
2038:Romeo
2033:Romeo
2017:Haiku
2002:macOS
1997:Linux
1958:UCS-2
1916:Linux
1883:of a
1763:Amiga
1621:POSIX
1481:macOS
1433:Linux
1235:Type
1201:Size
1196:Data
1187:Type
1184:Part
1099:macOS
950:Xebec
884:) in
859:files
826:macOS
625:Romeo
584:ATAPI
468:Hi-MD
435:VCDHD
320:DVD-A
316:DVD-D
284:DVD+R
280:DVD-R
221:CD-RW
209:CD-DA
102:Other
6560:-238
6464:9995
6459:9985
6454:9984
6449:9945
6444:9899
6439:9897
6429:9660
6424:9594
6414:9564
6409:9529
6404:9506
6399:9496
6394:9407
6389:9362
6384:9314
6379:9293
6374:9241
6369:9227
6364:9141
6359:9126
6354:9075
6349:9036
6339:8879
6292:-8-I
6247:8859
6237:8807
6227:8691
6222:8652
6217:8651
6212:8632
6207:8613
6202:8601
6197:8583
6192:8571
6182:8373
6177:8217
6172:8178
6167:8093
6162:8000
6157:7942
6152:7816
6147:7813
6142:7812
6137:7811
6132:7810
6127:7736
6122:7637
6110:7498
6105:7200
6100:7185
6095:7098
6090:7064
6085:7027
6080:7010
6075:7002
6070:7001
6065:6943
6060:6709
6055:6523
6050:6438
6045:6429
6040:6425
6035:6385
6030:6373
6025:6346
6020:6344
6015:6166
6010:5964
6005:5807
6000:5800
5995:5776
5990:5775
5985:5725
5980:5428
5975:5427
5970:5426
5965:5218
5960:4909
5955:4217
5950:4165
5945:4157
5940:4031
5935:3977
5930:3950
5925:3901
5920:3864
5915:3602
5910:3601
5905:3307
5900:3297
5878:3166
5873:3103
5868:3029
5863:2921
5858:2852
5853:2848
5848:2788
5843:2720
5838:2711
5833:2709
5828:2533
5823:2281
5818:2240
5813:2146
5808:2145
5803:2108
5798:2047
5793:2033
5788:2022
5783:2015
5778:2014
5773:1989
5768:1745
5763:1629
5758:1538
5753:1413
5748:1155
5733:1007
5728:1004
5723:1000
5546:68-1
5341:JSON
5289:Dart
5093:APIW
4891:Hard
4883:Fork
4764:Grid
4617:MVFS
4612:NOVA
4607:LTFS
4602:Lnfs
4597:FUSE
4567:CDfs
4557:AXFS
4552:Aufs
4490:GPFS
4475:Coda
4426:Xsan
4416:PVFS
4396:GFS2
4391:CXFS
4386:Ceph
4327:JFFS
4322:CHFS
4303:NVFS
4293:F2FS
4283:TFAT
4268:APFS
4258:and
4202:z/OS
4193:Xsan
4178:WAFL
4173:VxFS
4146:Tux3
4136:SNFS
4118:SFS
4087:ReFS
4057:NTFS
4009:MFS
3995:HTFS
3990:HPFS
3985:HFS+
3948:GPFS
3919:ext4
3909:ext3
3904:ext2
3878:EFS
3869:CXFS
3864:CVFS
3851:z/VM
3836:BFS
3822:APFS
3802:ADFS
3540:ISBN
3513:ISBN
3476:2011
3419:2021
3344:2010
3294:2012
3268:2012
3246:2012
3220:2012
3193:2014
3146:2012
3120:2012
3087:2014
3066:2015
3041:2008
3007:2008
2981:2017
2809:2018
2754:2020
2712:2022
2670:2016
2630:ISBN
2604:2016
2575:2016
2556:ISSN
2466:2017
2384:and
2382:Zeta
2378:BeOS
2371:and
2365:OS/2
2341:and
2327:and
2319:and
2295:and
2211:.iso
2193:DVDs
2182:CD-R
2171:The
2166:Unix
2085:HFS+
1960:BE (
1952:and
1920:GRUB
1673:and
1630:and
1628:Unix
1617:IEEE
1611:The
1589:ACLs
1500:IEEE
1491:SUSP
1479:and
1423:and
1355:Unix
1272:255
1159:...
1143:NTFS
1141:and
1139:HPFS
1109:The
1081:The
1005:and
966:HSGP
824:and
734:for
728:-119
726:ECMA
549:(AD)
261:CD-i
249:CD+G
245:SVCD
229:SACD
217:CD-R
78:1988
71:1988
6894:-20
6889:-17
6884:-14
6879:-12
6874:-11
6869:-10
6555:-28
6550:-22
6545:-21
6540:-11
6332:-16
6327:-15
6322:-14
6317:-13
6312:-12
6307:-11
6302:-10
5718:999
5713:965
5708:898
5703:860
5698:843
5693:838
5688:764
5683:732
5678:704
5673:690
5668:668
5663:657
5658:646
5626:639
5621:519
5616:518
5611:500
5606:361
5601:306
5596:302
5591:262
5586:261
5581:259
5576:233
5571:228
5566:226
5561:217
5556:216
5551:128
5539:-13
5534:-12
5529:-11
5524:-10
5393:ISO
5320:UWB
5315:NFC
5279:E4X
5213:UDF
5186:FAT
5159:VXA
5143:DLT
5138:DDS
4734:ZFS
4719:EFS
4505:NFS
4500:NCP
4480:DFS
4470:AFP
4460:AFS
4447:NAS
4421:QFS
4298:JFS
4273:FAT
4260:SSD
4246:UDF
4231:HSF
4212:Sun
4208:ZFS
4198:zFS
4188:XFS
4114:RFS
4077:QFS
4072:PFS
4052:NSS
4005:LFS
4000:JFS
3979:MVS
3975:HFS
3965:HFS
3926:FAT
3899:ext
3874:DFS
2355:QNX
2297:BSD
2287:UDF
2234:DOS
2081:HFS
2079:or
1901:hex
1893:hex
1830:IBM
1638:in
1413:GiB
1301:or
1135:FAT
994:JIS
894:HSG
767:ISO
759:FAT
649:UDF
588:MMC
581:SFF
328:HVD
275:DVD
247:),
241:VCD
237:CDV
231:),
48:IEC
44:ISO
7697::
7195:-2
7190:-1
7023:-2
6981:-9
6976:-3
6864:-6
6859:-3
6854:-2
6747:-2
6742:-1
6686:-2
6297:-9
6287:-8
6282:-7
6277:-6
6272:-5
6267:-4
6262:-3
6257:-2
6252:-1
6115:-1
5893:-3
5888:-2
5883:-1
5651:-6
5646:-5
5641:-3
5636:-2
5631:-1
5519:-9
5514:-8
5509:-7
5504:-6
5499:-5
5494:-4
5489:-3
5484:-1
5479:-0
5474:31
5469:17
5464:16
5413:–
5409:–
5281:,
5265:C#
5208:FD
4455:9P
4123:VM
3604:.
3538:.
3534:.
3508:.
3410:.
3284:.
3236:.
3210:.
3154:^
3136:.
3110:.
3095:^
3057:.
3027:.
3015:^
2902:.
2884:.
2826:^
2799:.
2785:^
2663:19
2657:.
2653:.
2624:.
2592:.
2562:.
2546:.
2542:.
2524:^
2507:^
2483:.
2456:.
2395:no
2380:,
2367:,
2273:,
2269:,
2255:,
2251:,
2143::
1748:SF
1742:TF
1736:RE
1730:PL
1724:CL
1718:NM
1712:SL
1706:PN
1700:PX
1694:RR
1659:,
1581:AL
1575:ZF
1569:AS
1563:BA
1557:AA
1546:ES
1540:ER
1534:ST
1528:SP
1522:PD
1516:CE
1419:,
1409:GB
1264:3
1256:2
1248:1
1240:0
1137:,
1037:,
1001:,
944:,
940:,
936:,
932:,
928:,
926:3M
924:,
920:,
916:,
912:,
904:,
900:,
869:-
773:.
750:.
483:,
478:):
476:LD
459:):
457:MD
420:,
416:,
354:,
350:,
345:):
343:BD
334:,
330:,
326:,
322:,
318:,
314:,
310:,
306:,
302:,
298:,
294:,
290:,
286:,
282:,
267:,
263:,
259:,
255:,
251:,
223:,
219:,
215:,
211:,
206:):
204:CD
96:TB
50:,
6688:)
6684:(
5459:9
5454:7
5449:6
5444:4
5439:3
5434:2
5429:1
5385:e
5378:t
5371:v
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5277:(
5065:e
5058:t
5051:v
4466:)
4462:(
4214:)
4210:(
4204:)
4200:(
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3981:)
3977:(
3971:)
3967:(
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3749:e
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3735:v
3721:.
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586:/
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362:)
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80:)
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