551:. Shortly after, Rubinstein stepped down from the webOS unit and assumed a "product innovation role" elsewhere within HP. While Rubinstein had pledged to be patient in building demand for the device, HP abandoned it quickly in the face of soft sales: The TouchPad was on the market for only seven weeks when then-CEO Leo Apotheker announced in August that the company would discontinue all hardware devices running webOS. (HP subsequently slashed the price of the least expensive TouchPad to $ 99, setting off a buying frenzy and leading technology-research firm Canalys to call it the "must-have technology product of 2011.)
581:, the world's largest hedge fund, was announced in a letter to clients in March 2016. In the note, Bridgewater officials noted that "because technology is so important to us, we wanted one of our co-C.E.O.s to be very strong in that area." Rubinstein replaced Greg Jensen, who moved to concentrate on his role as co-chief investment officer. Less than one year later, it was announced that Rubinstein was leaving the company because he and Bridgewater founder
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without wiping out a battery charge. Rubinstein’s production contacts proved invaluable, too; the iPod’s sleek, minimalist design, with its high-gloss, engraveable metal back, was a mass-manufacturing triumph. The success of the first-generation iPod was almost overnight. By 2004 the business became so important to Apple that the iPod was spun off into its own division, which
Rubinstein took over.
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In 1997, Jobs cancelled almost all of the product lines, and introduced a new product strategy focusing only on desktop and laptop computers for both consumer and professional customer. With the Power
Macintosh G3 filling the role of a desktop computer marketed at professional customers, Apple began
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Rubinstein rejoined HP in 2010, when the latter bought Palm for $ 1.2 billion. The deal gave HP another chance to enter the mobile-device market while sending a lifeline to Palm, which some analysts expected to run out of cash within two years. Rubinstein agreed to remain with the company for 12 to
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After Apple's purchase of NeXT, Rubinstein had planned on an extended vacation to travel. But Jobs, now an unpaid consultant for Apple, invited
Rubinstein to work with him. At the time, Apple was losing industry support. Their reputation as an innovator was waning, and their profits were decreased.
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Jobs agreed, and
Rubinstein assembled and managed a team of hardware and software engineers to ready the product on a rushed, eight-month schedule. The team’s engineers needed to overcome a number of hurdles, including figuring out how to play music off a spinning hard drive for more than 10 hours
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drive that became a critical component of the iPod. While
Toshiba engineers had developed the drive, they were not sure how it could be used. At a Tokyo hotel later that evening, Rubinstein met with Jobs, who was in Japan on separate business. "I know how to do it now. All I need is a $ 10 million
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released in 1998, a computer with an innovative design intended to be friendly and easily accessible for average computer users. For the iMac's development, Rubinstein assembled a team and with a deadline of only 11 months (a timeline they considered impossible). The iMac was an immediate success,
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Other iPod models were released on a regular basis, increasing the device’s capacity, decreasing its size, and adding features including color screens, photo display and video playback. By early 2008, more than 119 million iPods had been sold, making it not only the most successful portable media
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Rubinstein took on an immense workload upon his arrival. The company sold over 15 product lines, nearly all of which were derided as inferior to other computers available at the time. Internally, Apple also suffered from mismanagement of its hardware teams. Multiple teams often worked on the same
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Rubinstein - sometimes called the "Podfather" because of his role in developing the iPod - was also instrumental in creating a robust secondary market for accessories such as speakers, chargers, docking ports, backup batteries, and other add-ons. That gear, produced by a network of independent
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in order to increase its consumer awareness. The iPod came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices. Digital cameras, camcorders and organizers had well-established mainstream markets, but the company found
456:, a developer of haptic technology. Rubinstein took control of Palm’s product development and led its research, development, and engineering efforts. One of his first tasks included winnowing the company's product lines and restructuring R&D teams. He was instrumental in developing the
369:) of the Power Mac series. While they were technically powerful computers, the Power Mac series suffered from the perception that they were slower than their Intel-based counterparts because their PowerPC CPUs listed slower clock speeds. Rubinstein and Apple popularised a term known as the
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Rubinstein joined Apple as Senior Vice
President of Hardware Engineering, and a member of its executive staff. He was responsible for hardware development, industrial design and low-level software development, and contributed heavily to Apple's technology roadmap and product strategy.
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existing digital music players "big and clunky or small and useless" with user interfaces that were "unbelievably awful", so Apple decided to develop its own. Even though it was a space with immense market potential, previous products had not enjoyed any notable market penetration.
40:
444:), Steve Jobs started paying lesser attention to Rubinstein and more attention to young engineers. Rubinstein was given a promotion which actually reduced his power at Apple. Jobs's focus shifted to newer engineers which ultimately resulted in Rubinstein's departure.
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491:, was announced on September 8, 2009, and released on Sprint on November 15, 2009. Rubinstein had said that one of Palm’s keys moving forward would be to "bring on more carriers and more regions," and the company launched its Palm Pre Plus and Pixi Plus phones on
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At the time, HP said it would utilize webOS across a spectrum of products, including phones, printers and other devices. HP’s strategy was to keep consumers connected to all of their information through the cloud, regardless of which device they were on.
333:, a fast PowerPC-based desktop machine, was chosen to be Apple's next released product. Upon its release at the end of 1997, Apple finally had what it hadn't had in years: a cutting-edge desktop machine that could compete with its
373:, to describe how the PowerPC architecture could not be compared to the Intel architecture simply on their clock speeds (the PowerPC CPUs, despite their lower clock speeds, were generally comparable to Intel CPUs of the era).
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companies that came to be known as "The iPod
Ecosystem", by 2006 generated more than $ 1 billion in annual sales. In the 2007 fiscal year, the iPod generated $ 8.3 billion in revenue, or about a third of Apple's sales.
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product independently of each other, and very little attention was directed towards making all of the product lines fully compatible with each other. With Jobs, Rubinstein helped towards fixing both of these problems.
561:
On
January 27, 2012, Jon Rubinstein left HP after his 24 months contract ended. In an interview, he said he would not retire, but take a break - and while he had no plans at the time, he added "the future is mobile."
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440:. It was later announced that he would make himself available for up to 20% of his workweek on a consulting basis. It is said that with the approaching release of an upcoming hand-held device (which would become the
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in
Colorado. He spent about two years in the company’s manufacturing engineering division, developing quality-control techniques and refining manufacturing processes. Later, Rubinstein worked on HP workstations.
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He also helped initiate an extensive cost-cutting plan affecting research projects and engineers. Expenses were eventually cut in half. After critically examining all projects currently in the pipeline, the
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drive (rare for computers of the era), relying solely on the optical drive and new technologies such as USB and
Firewire for data transfer. Rubinstein was responsible for both of these decisions.
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After helping to dismantle NeXT’s manufacturing operations, Rubinstein went on to start another company, Power House Systems. That company, later renamed Firepower Systems, was backed by
264:. While at Ardent, later renamed Stardent, he played an integral role in launching a pair of machines, the Titan Graphics Supercomputer and the Stardent 3000 Graphics Supercomputer.
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Rubinstein’s first jobs in the computer industry were in Ithaca, where he worked at a local computer retailer and also served as a design consultant to an area computer company.
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expressed interest in developing a portable music player. But Rubinstein demurred, saying the necessary components were not yet available. While on a routine supplier visit to
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433:“In the end, Ruby’s from HP, and he never delved deep, he wasn’t aggressive.” Eventually, Ive told Jobs “It’s him, or me.”, and Jobs decided to keep Ive instead.
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284:– a graphics powerhouse that was never released because in 1993, the company abandoned its floundering hardware business in favor of a software-only approach.
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But the addition of Verizon Wireless did not help as much as expected. By February 2010, Palm warned that its products were not selling as quickly as hoped.
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Rubinstein’s visibility in the mainstream tech community grew upon joining Palm. He was the featured guest in September 2009 at the first episode of "The
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network. Reports at the time of the launch noted that it was a record for Sprint, with 50,000 units sold its opening weekend. A follow-up phone, the
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for the design of innovative personal computers and consumer electronics that have defined and led new industries. He is also a senior member of the
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429:, who was very close with Jobs. Ive kept designing costly or difficult to engineer products, which Rubinstein balked at. Jobs told his biographer
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In May 2013, Rubinstein joined the board of Qualcomm, a leading provider of chips used in mobile devices. He also currently sits on the board of
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in 1978 and a master’s in the same field a year later. While at Cornell, Rubinstein was a member of the student-run radio station on campus,
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purchase of Palm on July 1, 2010, Rubinstein became an executive at HP. On January 27, 2012, Rubinstein announced he had officially left HP.
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In 2007, Rubinstein joined Palm as executive chairman of its board of directors; at about the same time, he stepped down as chairman of
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completed a significant investment in the handheld manufacturer in October 2007. He became CEO of Palm in 2009, replacing former CEO
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Jon Rubinstein, the visionary behind webOS, will assume a product innovation role within the Personal Systems Group (PSG) at HP.
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In October 2005, Apple announced that Rubinstein would be retiring on March 31, 2006, and he was succeeded as iPod chief by
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not only helping to revitalise Apple as a company, but also popularising new technologies at the time, such as
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Apotheker himself was gone less than a month later, when the HP board replaced him with former eBay CEO
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and used technology developed at NeXT. It developed and built high-end systems using the PowerPC chip.
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since December 2010. From May 2013 to May 2016, he was also on the board of semiconductor manufacturer
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in 2001. He left his position as senior vice president of Apple's iPod division on April 14, 2006.
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player on the market but one of the most popular consumer electronics products of all time.
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Rubinstein joined Apple in February 1997, which came right after a year in which Apple lost
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Show," a web videocast produced by the technology weblog. In December 2009, the magazine
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472:. On June 10, 2009, just four days after the successful release of his brainchild, the
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Due to the relatively low sales of its Mac computer brand, Apple decided to expand its
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to focus on an entry-level desktop computer suitable for consumers. The result was the
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Kato, Donna; Boudreau, John (November 24, 2001). "Holiday shopping season kicks off".
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Future rollouts under Rubinstein's management included all subsequent upgrades (the
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1558:"The exit interview with Jon Rubinstein: 'What we accomplished has been amazing'"
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also named Rubinstein to its list of the "100 most creative people in business."
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Wall Street Journal, “Designing Duo Helps Shape Apple’s Fortunes” July 18, 2001
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named Rubinstein one of its Geeks of the Year, along with people such as
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approached Rubinstein to run hardware engineering at his latest venture,
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announced plans to launch a pair of Palm’s webOS devices later in 2010.
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The Perfect Thing: How the iPod Shuffles Commerce, Culture and Coolness
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1473:"Its Smartphones Selling Weakly, Palm Cuts Its Forecast; Shares Fall"
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1318:"The 6 biggest grudges Steve Jobs still held at the end of his life"
750:"Pre to postmortem: the inside story of the death of Palm and webOS"
397:
in February, 2001, however, Rubinstein first saw the tiny, 1.8-inch
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1215:“The iPod Ecosystem; Add-Ons Have Become a Billion-Dollar Bonanza”
558:. She announced plans to make webOS open source in December 2011.
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169:. From March 2016 to March 2017, he was co-CEO of investment firm
94:
597:, a technology-industry veteran who is currently on the board of
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1949:
679:"Palm Closes Strategic Recapitalization with Elevation Partners"
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585:"mutually agree that he is not a cultural fit for Bridgewater".
277:
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indicate discontinued products, services, or defunct companies.
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USA Today, “Apple turns a profit – And a corner,” Oct. 17, 1996
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1644:(Press release). MarketWire. December 9, 2011. Archived from
3944:
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
417:
By around the fall of 2005, Rubinstein had become upset by
204:, class of 1975. He went to college and graduate school at
119:
who played an instrumental role in the development of the
993:"Apple and PC's, Both Given Up for Dead, Are Rising Anew"
1594:"TouchPad sales soar after HP discontinues, drops price"
728:"Former Palm Head Jon Rubinstein Leaves Hewlett-Packard"
425:
and his frequent clashes with SVP of Industrial Design,
311:
816 million. He joined Apple anyway because, as he told
1804:
1695:"Bridgewater Names Jon Rubinstein a Co-Chief Executive"
665:"Apple's 'Podfather' Now Aims to Revive a Wilting Palm"
1810:
IEEE Spectrum 2008-09 "From Podfather to Palm's Pilot"
968:
Hof, Robert; Gross, Neil; Sager, Ira (March 7, 1994).
464:. Rubinstein debuted both on January 8, 2009, at the
196:. His mother was an academic who received a PhD from
127:, the portable music and video device first sold by
793:"Qualcomm names former Palm CEO Rubinstein to board"
248:
After graduating school, Rubinstein took a job with
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Jon Rubinstein Appointed CEO of Palm, June 10, 2009
1572:"HP to Drive Innovation, Scale and Growth of webOS"
1301:"Apple retains ex-iPod VP Rubinstein as consultant"
943:Perry, Tekla S. (February 2000). "Jon Rubinstein".
100:
81:
67:
49:
30:
1126:
1620:"HP CEO Apotheker fired, replaced by Meg Whitman"
1495:. Fast Company. December 30, 2009. Archived from
182:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
3909:Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
1670:. MarketWatch. December 17, 2010. Archived from
837:"Members Directory – Mr. Jonathan J. Rubinstein"
815:"Bridgewater Hires Ex-Apple Executive as Co-CEO"
1815:The Engadget Show, Episode 019, March 28, 2011
1453:"Optimism Takes Charge at an Electronics Show"
1394:"Sprint breaks its sales record with Palm Pre"
256:Rubinstein left HP in 1986 to join a startup,
115:(born October 1956) is an American electrical
1857:
768:"Investor Relations – Officers and Directors"
547:On July 1, 2011, HP released the webOS-based
134:He became executive chairman of the board at
8:
1075:
1073:
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574:, to which he was elected in December 2010.
1720:"Changes in Bridgewater's Management Roles"
1051:
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85:Playing key role in development of Apple's
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1668:"Palm's Rubinstein Joins Amazon.com board"
38:
27:
885:Cornell University College of Engineering
1762:Technology guru joins BT as new director
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176:In 2005, he was elected a member of the
16:American electrical engineer (born 1956)
1693:Stevenson, Alexandra (March 10, 2016).
1642:"HP to Contribute webOS to Open Source"
650:
628:Member, Cornell Silicon Valley Advisors
1795:Apple, press release, October 14, 2005
1537:"HP to acquire Palm for $ 1.2 billion"
1511:"100 most creative people in business"
1363:"Jon Rubinstein Appointed CEO of Palm"
1080:Schlender, Brent (November 12, 2001).
1065:, 2006-10-17. Retrieved on 2006-10-30.
743:
741:
697:"Jon Rubinstein Appointed CEO of Palm"
577:Rubinstein's appointment as co-CEO at
350:, which would then go on to become an
1451:; Wortham, Jenna (January 10, 2010).
1430:"Verizon to carry Palm's smartphones"
817:. Wall Street Journal. March 10, 2016
726:Hesseldahl, Arik (January 27, 2012).
658:
656:
654:
634:Former member, Cornell Alumni Council
495:in January 2010. In the same month,
7:
3954:American technology chief executives
1618:David Goldman (September 22, 2011).
1592:Hayley Tsukayama (August 22, 2011).
1493:"The Fast Company Geeks of the Year"
1392:Reardon, Marguerite (June 8, 2009).
1832:Palm's presentation at the 2010 CES
1428:Wolverton, Troy (January 7, 2010).
1407:Hansell, Saul (November 16, 2009).
1349:"Palm's Pre gets lots of good buzz"
1347:Baig, Edward C. (January 9, 2009).
1285:"Apple Promotes Two Key Executives"
663:Tam, Pui-Wing (December 13, 2007).
1765:, October 19, 2011, archived from
1409:"Is Palm's comeback losing steam?"
1028:"The Megahertz Myth (broken link)"
354:. The iMac also shipped without a
192:Rubinstein was born and raised in
14:
1821:Palm Pre introduction at CES 2009
1057:Straight Dope on the iPod's Birth
421:’s increasing leadership role as
3934:Colorado State University alumni
3868:
3867:
1743:"From Podfather to Palm's Pilot"
1133:. Simon & Schuster. p.
991:Markoff, John (April 26, 1999).
639:Consumer Electronics Association
631:Former director, Immersion Corp.
1741:Perry, Tekla (September 2008).
1369:. June 10, 2009. Archived from
1165:"All Eyes on Apple at Macworld"
1106:iPod introduction, October 2001
970:"A computer maker's power move"
914:"Keep Student-Run Media On Air"
841:National Academy of Engineering
748:Ziegler, Chris (June 5, 2012).
703:. June 10, 2009. Archived from
612:National Academy of Engineering
178:National Academy of Engineering
57:October 1956 (age 67)
1513:. Fast Company. Archived from
1082:"Apple's 21st-Century Walkman"
535:Hewlett-Packard (second stint)
483:The Pre first launched on the
212:, where he received a B.S. in
1:
3929:Scientists from New York City
523:and writer/director/producer
295:bought the business in 1996.
157:Rubinstein has served on the
3058:Shazam Entertainment Limited
881:Cornell Engineering Magazine
540:24 months after the merger.
280:. Rubinstein headed work on
220:. He later earned a M.S. in
113:Jonathan J. "Jon" Rubinstein
476:, Rubinstein was named the
200:. He is a graduate of the
3970:
3919:Senior members of the IEEE
1249:WALTER., ISAACSON (2021).
795:. MarketWatch. May 7, 2013
667:. The Wall Street Journal.
272:In 1990, Apple co-founder
18:
3924:Horace Mann School alumni
3857:
3323:Non-recruiting agreements
2309:
1879:
1722:. LinkedIn. March 1, 2017
641:Board of Industry Leaders
593:Rubinstein is married to
466:Consumer Electronics Show
226:Colorado State University
188:Early years and education
76:Colorado State University
37:
3362:Depictions of Steve Jobs
1255:. SIMON & SCHUSTER.
872:Aaron, Ken (Fall 2005).
3949:Amazon (company) people
1014:"The Engadget Show 001"
282:NeXT’s RISC workstation
244:Hewlett-Packard, Ardent
61:New York City, New York
3939:Hewlett-Packard people
3333:FBI encryption dispute
1038:on September 17, 2002.
579:Bridgewater Associates
402:check," he told Jobs.
230:Fort Collins, Colorado
214:electrical engineering
171:Bridgewater Associates
54:Jonathan J. Rubinstein
3904:Apple Inc. executives
2996:InVisage Technologies
1434:San Jose Mercury News
1283:Chris Preimesberger,
1151:San Jose Mercury News
1016:. September 17, 2009.
980:on December 24, 2007.
258:Ardent Computer Corp.
152:Hewlett-Packard Co.'s
44:Jon Rubinstein (2011)
3810:Edgar S. Woolard Jr.
3003:The Keyboard Company
1894:Timeline of products
1481:. February 25, 2010.
1192:Simon & Schuster
337:-based competitors.
3328:Price-fixing ebooks
3162:Rockstar Consortium
1769:on January 14, 2012
1560:. January 27, 2012.
1173:, January 11, 2008.
685:. October 24, 2007.
161:of online retailer
129:Apple Computer Inc.
19:For the actor, see
3679:Arthur D. Levinson
2774:Sign in with Apple
1699:The New York Times
1499:on March 16, 2010.
1478:The New York Times
1458:The New York Times
1414:The New York Times
1291:, October 14, 2005
1239:November 15, 2007.
1220:The New York Times
997:The New York Times
874:"Behind the Music"
732:All Things Digital
683:Elevation Partners
314:The New York Times
206:Cornell University
202:Horace Mann School
198:Rutgers University
159:board of directors
144:Elevation Partners
72:Cornell University
3881:
3880:
3853:
3852:
3823:
3822:
3656:
3655:
3613:Peter Oppenheimer
3436:(General Counsel)
3345:iOS app approvals
3170:
3169:
2859:
2858:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2196:
2195:
1578:. July 11, 2011.
1574:(Press release).
1543:. April 10, 2010.
1539:(Press release).
1517:on March 27, 2010
1365:(Press release).
1337:October 30, 2007.
1320:. March 24, 2015.
1262:978-1-9821-7686-0
1223:February 3, 2006.
1201:978-0-7432-8522-3
699:(Press release).
681:(Press release).
460:platform and the
352:industry standard
110:
109:
3961:
3871:
3870:
3805:Michael Spindler
3755:Fred D. Anderson
3669:
3618:Mark Papermaster
3568:Guerrino De Luca
3558:Fred D. Anderson
3529:Michael Spindler
3455:John Giannandrea
3406:
3397:
2905:Braeburn Capital
2868:
2489:
2207:
1938:
1929:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1843:
1833:
1822:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1674:on July 10, 2012
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1648:on March 5, 2016
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1373:on July 25, 2011
1359:
1353:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1308:
1307:, April 23, 2006
1298:
1292:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1246:
1240:
1230:
1224:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1180:
1174:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1123:Isaacson, Walter
1119:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1094:on June 2, 2002.
1090:. Archived from
1077:
1066:
1055:Kahney, Leander.
1053:
1040:
1039:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1001:
1000:
988:
982:
981:
976:. Archived from
965:
959:
958:
955:10.1109/6.819930
940:
929:
928:
926:
924:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
894:on June 16, 2012
893:
887:. Archived from
878:
869:
852:
851:
849:
847:
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
764:
758:
757:
745:
736:
735:
723:
717:
716:
714:
712:
707:on July 25, 2011
693:
687:
686:
675:
669:
668:
660:
595:Karen Richardson
493:Verizon Wireless
377:iPod development
222:computer science
105:Karen Richardson
42:
28:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3849:
3819:
3720:
3716:Susan L. Wagner
3711:Ronald D. Sugar
3663:
3652:
3628:Bertrand Serlet
3598:Nancy R. Heinen
3553:Angela Ahrendts
3499:
3475:Deirdre O'Brien
3445:Craig Federighi
3434:Katherine Adams
3388:
3235:Right to repair
3195:Think different
3166:
3093:
3045:Power Computing
2914:
2855:
2757:
2712:
2669:
2663:
2618:
2612:MLS Season Pass
2513:
2470:
2334:Developer Tools
2329:Core Foundation
2305:
2212:
2192:
2127:
2104:
2071:
2043:
1995:
1918:
1875:
1870:
1831:
1820:
1786:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1598:Washington Post
1591:
1590:
1586:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1335:Immersion Corp.
1329:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1299:
1295:
1282:
1278:
1263:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1231:
1227:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1163:
1159:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1079:
1078:
1069:
1054:
1043:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1004:
990:
989:
985:
967:
966:
962:
942:
941:
932:
922:
920:
912:
911:
907:
897:
895:
891:
876:
871:
870:
855:
845:
843:
835:
834:
830:
820:
818:
813:
812:
808:
798:
796:
791:
790:
786:
776:
774:
766:
765:
761:
747:
746:
739:
725:
724:
720:
710:
708:
695:
694:
690:
677:
676:
672:
662:
661:
652:
648:
637:Former member,
616:Senior Member,
607:
591:
568:
537:
521:Mark Zuckerberg
454:Immersion Corp.
450:
431:Walter Isaacson
379:
301:
270:
250:Hewlett-Packard
246:
241:
190:
74:
68:Alma mater
63:
58:
56:
55:
45:
33:
24:
21:John Rubinstein
17:
12:
11:
5:
3967:
3965:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3886:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3865:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3780:Robert A. Iger
3777:
3772:
3767:
3765:Mickey Drexler
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3728:
3726:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3675:
3673:
3666:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3623:Jon Rubinstein
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:Scott Forstall
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3544:
3538:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3450:Isabel Ge Mahe
3447:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3419:
3412:
3410:
3403:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3357:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3103:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2935:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2736:
2734:Certifications
2731:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2549:
2542:
2532:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2387:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2298:
2295:Classic Mac OS
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2245:iPadOS history
2242:
2237:
2232:
2217:
2215:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1946:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1828:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1784:External links
1782:
1780:
1779:
1752:
1733:
1711:
1685:
1659:
1633:
1610:
1584:
1563:
1546:
1528:
1502:
1484:
1464:
1439:
1420:
1399:
1384:
1354:
1339:
1323:
1309:
1293:
1276:
1261:
1241:
1225:
1207:
1200:
1175:
1157:
1140:
1114:
1097:
1067:
1041:
1034:Archived from
1019:
1002:
983:
960:
930:
918:November Burst
905:
853:
828:
806:
784:
759:
737:
718:
688:
670:
649:
647:
644:
643:
642:
635:
632:
629:
626:
620:
614:
606:
603:
590:
587:
567:
564:
536:
533:
449:
446:
378:
375:
371:Megahertz myth
300:
299:Apple Computer
297:
269:
266:
262:Silicon Valley
245:
242:
240:
237:
189:
186:
140:private equity
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
83:
82:Known for
79:
78:
69:
65:
64:
59:
53:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
32:Jon Rubinstein
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3966:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3899:Living people
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3874:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:Steve Wozniak
3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Michael Scott
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Larry Ellison
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3760:Bill Campbell
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3732:Mike Markkula
3730:
3729:
3727:
3723:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3691:James A. Bell
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3649:
3648:Steve Wozniak
3646:
3644:
3643:Avie Tevanian
3641:
3639:
3638:Sina Tamaddon
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3593:Ellen Hancock
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3517:Mike Markkula
3515:
3512:
3511:Michael Scott
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3485:Phil Schiller
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3422:Jeff Williams
3420:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:Headquarters
3245:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3146:Digital Ocean
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
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3007:
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2890:Apple Studios
2888:
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2672:
2670:digital sales
2666:
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2648:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2635:Walkie-Talkie
2633:
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2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:Communication
2621:
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2344:Final Cut Pro
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2098:
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2078:
2074:
2068:
2067:iPhone models
2065:
2063:
2060:
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2055:
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2050:
2046:
2040:
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2035:
2033:
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2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
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2004:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
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1984:
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1979:
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1768:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1747:IEEE Spectrum
1744:
1737:
1734:
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1715:
1712:
1700:
1696:
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1474:
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1454:
1450:
1449:Vance, Ashlee
1447:Stone, Brad;
1443:
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1029:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
998:
994:
987:
984:
979:
975:
974:Business Week
971:
964:
961:
956:
952:
948:
947:
946:IEEE Spectrum
939:
937:
935:
931:
919:
915:
909:
906:
890:
886:
882:
875:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
854:
842:
838:
832:
829:
816:
810:
807:
794:
788:
785:
773:
769:
763:
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755:
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729:
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719:
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659:
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636:
633:
630:
627:
625:
621:
619:
615:
613:
609:
608:
604:
602:
600:
596:
589:Personal life
588:
586:
584:
580:
575:
573:
565:
563:
559:
557:
552:
550:
545:
541:
534:
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432:
428:
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420:
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411:
407:
403:
400:
396:
395:Toshiba Corp.
392:
387:
384:
376:
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368:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
344:
338:
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227:
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211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:New York City
187:
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174:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
132:
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118:
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106:
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99:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
62:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
3861:
3845:Ronald Wayne
3795:Eric Schmidt
3785:Delano Lewis
3770:Al Eisenstat
3738:John Sculley
3633:Bruce Sewell
3622:
3578:Al Eisenstat
3563:John Browett
3523:John Sculley
3490:Johny Srouji
3465:Greg Joswiak
3460:Lisa Jackson
3428:Luca Maestri
3306:AppleMasters
3144:
3120:
3115:Kaleida Labs
3113:
3108:AIM alliance
3106:
3099:Partnerships
3074:
3067:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3031:Nothing Real
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2937:
2920:Acquisitions
2872:Subsidiaries
2814:
2790:
2750:
2743:
2706:Fifth Avenue
2689:iTunes Store
2644:
2582:
2565:iTunes Radio
2563:
2556:
2544:
2394:
2377:
2293:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1954:
1914:Trade unions
1909:Supply chain
1771:, retrieved
1767:the original
1761:
1755:
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1714:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:
1688:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:the original
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1613:
1603:February 29,
1601:. Retrieved
1597:
1587:
1579:
1566:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:the original
1505:
1497:the original
1487:
1476:
1467:
1456:
1442:
1433:
1423:
1412:
1402:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1371:the original
1357:
1351:. USA Today.
1342:
1326:
1312:
1305:MacDailyNews
1304:
1296:
1288:
1279:
1251:
1244:
1228:
1218:
1210:
1187:
1184:Levy, Steven
1178:
1168:
1160:
1149:
1143:
1128:
1117:
1100:
1092:the original
1085:
1060:
1036:the original
1022:
996:
986:
978:the original
963:
944:
921:. Retrieved
917:
908:
896:. Retrieved
889:the original
880:
846:February 27,
844:. Retrieved
831:
819:. Retrieved
809:
797:. Retrieved
787:
775:. Retrieved
762:
753:
721:
709:. Retrieved
705:the original
691:
673:
605:Affiliations
592:
576:
569:
560:
553:
546:
542:
538:
529:Fast Company
528:
525:J. J. Abrams
512:Fast Company
510:
504:
501:
482:
451:
435:
416:
412:
408:
404:
388:
380:
360:
339:
327:
323:
319:
312:
306:
302:
286:
271:
255:
247:
234:
210:Ithaca, N.Y.
191:
175:
156:
150:. Following
133:
112:
111:
25:
3894:1956 births
3790:Arthur Rock
3706:Andrea Jung
3696:Alex Gorsky
3608:David Nagel
3603:Ron Johnson
3583:Tony Fadell
3573:Paul Deneve
3495:John Ternus
3384:Car project
3372:Asahi Linux
3213:Product Red
3182:Advertising
3157:Imagination
2982:FingerWorks
2955:BIS Records
2849:Look Around
2659:Game Center
2546:Beats Music
2240:iOS history
2100:Accessories
1899:Environment
1773:January 30,
1622:. CNN Money
923:December 8,
566:Bridgewater
556:Meg Whitman
438:Tony Fadell
356:floppy disk
148:Ed Colligan
3914:Palm, Inc.
3888:Categories
3835:Steve Jobs
3815:Jerry York
3750:Gil Amelio
3746:(Chairman)
3744:Steve Jobs
3740:(Chairman)
3734:(Chairman)
3681:(Chairman)
3541:Steve Jobs
3535:Gil Amelio
3480:Dan Riccio
3470:Sabih Khan
3401:Executives
3338:Epic Games
3313:Litigation
3277:Typography
3262:University
3083:Potential
3052:PrimeSense
2989:Intrinsity
2798:TestFlight
2752:One to One
2739:Genius Bar
2724:AppleCare+
2668:Retail and
2385:GarageBand
2354:Compressor
2183:Vision Pro
1873:Apple Inc.
1271:1236259892
1252:STEVE JOBS
1237:Apple Inc.
1129:Steve Jobs
1062:Wired News
1032:Apple Inc.
772:Amazon.com
646:References
624:Amazon.com
622:Director,
572:Amazon.com
391:Steve Jobs
289:Canon Inc.
274:Steve Jobs
163:Amazon.com
136:Palm, Inc.
3664:directors
3377:iPodLinux
3355:#AppleToo
3318:Antitrust
3301:Community
3294:Codenames
3230:Criticism
3220:Ecosystem
3202:Get a Mac
3038:P.A. Semi
2939:AuthenTec
2928:Completed
2885:Apple IMC
2864:Companies
2786:Developer
2677:App Store
2607:originals
2584:Newsstand
2492:Financial
2436:QuickTime
2371:MainStage
2366:Logic Pro
2339:FileMaker
2319:Classroom
2211:Operating
2139:Apple SIM
1904:Marketing
1704:March 10,
1521:March 18,
1233:Form 10-K
1170:USA Today
821:March 10,
754:The Verge
583:Ray Dalio
489:Palm Pixi
480:of Palm.
470:Las Vegas
468:(CES) in
399:hard disk
389:By 2000,
383:ecosystem
3873:Category
3828:Founders
3685:Tim Cook
3662:Board of
3547:Jony Ive
3440:Eddy Cue
3416:Tim Cook
3122:Taligent
2968:EditGrid
2816:MobileMe
2640:iMessage
2630:FaceTime
2592:Podcasts
2558:Festival
2484:Services
2446:SceneKit
2301:visionOS
2284:bridgeOS
2202:Software
2057:Hardware
1933:Hardware
1924:Products
1726:March 2,
1678:March 3,
1652:March 2,
1626:March 2,
1377:June 11,
1331:Form 8-K
1186:(2007).
1125:(2011).
898:March 3,
777:July 21,
711:June 11,
610:Member,
599:BT Group
549:TouchPad
519:founder
517:Facebook
507:Engadget
497:AT&T
474:Palm Pre
462:Palm Pre
427:Jony Ive
419:Tim Cook
293:Motorola
167:Qualcomm
138:, after
117:engineer
3862:Italics
3701:Al Gore
3672:Current
3409:Current
3289:History
3175:Related
3069:Texture
2844:Flyover
2829:Fitness
2824:Find My
2745:ProCare
2717:Support
2694:Connect
2552:Up Next
2419:Numbers
2414:Keynote
2324:HomeKit
2314:CarPlay
2279:watchOS
2262:History
2230:iPhones
2213:systems
2173:Silicon
2161:HomePod
2110:AirPods
2062:History
2031:Shuffle
2010:Classic
1964:MacBook
1889:Outline
1884:History
1837:YouTube
1826:YouTube
1396:. CNET.
1111:YouTube
1087:Fortune
3725:Former
3504:Former
3393:People
3350:Unions
3267:Design
3250:Campus
3225:Events
3130:Akamai
3087:Disney
3017:Metaio
2975:Emagic
2950:Beddit
2933:Anobit
2910:Claris
2900:Beddit
2880:Anobit
2834:Photos
2810:iCloud
2525:Arcade
2509:Wallet
2451:Shazam
2441:Safari
2404:iTunes
2396:iPhoto
2390:iMovie
2359:Motion
2289:Darwin
2267:Server
2225:iPadOS
2144:AirTag
2049:iPhone
1986:Studio
1269:
1259:
1198:
799:May 7,
485:Sprint
442:iPhone
239:Career
101:Spouse
93:, and
3687:(CEO)
3549:(CDO)
3543:(CEO)
3537:(CEO)
3531:(CEO)
3525:(CEO)
3519:(CEO)
3513:(CEO)
3430:(CFO)
3424:(COO)
3418:(CEO)
3367:Linux
3152:iFund
3076:Topsy
2945:Beats
2895:Beats
2762:Other
2701:Store
2682:macOS
2646:iChat
2535:Music
2530:Books
2518:Media
2466:Xcode
2461:Swift
2424:Pages
2409:iWork
2379:iLife
2257:macOS
2235:iPads
2188:Watch
2149:Beats
2132:Other
2038:Touch
1289:eWeek
892:(PDF)
877:(PDF)
601:plc.
458:webOS
335:Intel
260:, in
224:from
142:firm
95:webOS
3282:Book
3255:Park
3208:iPod
3188:1984
3140:DiDi
3063:Siri
3024:NeXT
3010:Lala
2839:Maps
2803:WWDC
2729:AASP
2578:News
2499:Card
2456:Siri
2431:Mail
2274:tvOS
2250:Apps
2166:Mini
2154:Pill
2085:Mini
2077:iPad
2024:Nano
2017:Mini
2001:iPod
1981:Mini
1950:iMac
1775:2012
1728:2017
1706:2016
1680:2012
1654:2012
1628:2012
1605:2012
1523:2010
1379:2009
1367:Palm
1267:OCLC
1257:ISBN
1196:ISBN
925:2022
900:2012
848:2012
823:2016
801:2013
779:2021
713:2009
701:Palm
618:IEEE
448:Palm
365:and
343:iMac
309:US$
278:NeXT
268:NeXT
218:WVBR
125:iPod
123:and
121:iMac
91:iMac
89:and
87:iPod
50:Born
3272:IDg
3240:Tax
3135:Arm
2961:Cue
2792:iAd
2781:One
2652:App
2571:App
2504:Pay
2221:iOS
2123:Max
2118:Pro
2095:Pro
2090:Air
1991:Pro
1974:Pro
1969:Air
1956:Pro
1942:Mac
1835:on
1824:on
1135:385
1109:on
951:doi
478:CEO
423:COO
348:USB
228:in
208:in
3890::
2769:ID
2597:TV
2223:/
2178:TV
1745:.
1697:.
1596:.
1576:HP
1549:^
1541:HP
1475:.
1455:.
1432:.
1411:.
1333:,
1303:,
1287:,
1265:.
1235:,
1217:,
1194:.
1190:.
1167:,
1084:.
1070:^
1059:,
1044:^
1030:.
1005:^
995:.
972:.
949:.
933:^
916:.
883:.
879:.
856:^
839:.
770:.
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