Jonathan Pollard - Knowledge (XXG)

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accepted as valid. In 1985, a co-worker anonymously reported Pollard's removal of classified material from the NIC. The coworker noted that Pollard did not seem to be taking the material to any known appropriate destination, such as other intelligence agencies in the area. Although Pollard was authorized to transport documents and the coworker said the documents were wrapped properly, it appeared unusual that Pollard would be transporting documents on a Friday afternoon when there was little happening and people seemed to be focused on an upcoming long weekend. Ultimately, that report was not acted upon as it was felt it occurred within business hours and Pollard had business being in other offices. In another instance Pollard's direct superior, having to complete extra work at the office on a Saturday, had walked by Pollard's desk and noticed unsecured classified material. Taking the initiative to secure it, the supervisor glanced over it and saw it was unrelated to

257:; several former U.S. Secretaries of Defense; a bi-partisan group of U.S. congressional leaders; and members of the U.S. intelligence community. They maintained that the damage to U.S. national security due to Pollard's espionage was much more severe, wide-ranging, and enduring than acknowledged publicly. Though Pollard argued that he only supplied Israel with information critical to its security, opponents stated that he had no way of knowing what the Israelis had received through legitimate exchanges, and that much of the data he compromised had nothing to do with Israeli security. Pollard revealed aspects of the U.S. intelligence gathering process, its "sources and methods". In 1995, while imprisoned, he was granted Israeli citizenship. 1433:

incarceration on November 21, 2011 and begin his 27th year of an unprecedented life sentence (seven of which were spent in solitary confinement). He was indicted on one count of passing classified information to an ally without intent to harm the United States—an offense that normally results in a 2–4 year sentence. He pled guilty under a plea agreement with which he fully complied, but which was ignored by the sentencing judge. Mr. Pollard is the only person in the history of the U.S. to receive a life sentence for passing classified information to an ally." They conclude, "It is patently clear that Mr. Pollard's sentence is severely disproportionate and (as several federal judges have noted) a gross miscarriage of justice."

1735:, Olive wrote that Pollard did not serve Israel solely, but admitted passing secrets to South Africa, and to his financial advisers, and to shopping his access to Pakistan and other countries. Olive wrote that Pollard also stole classified documents related to China that his wife used to advance her personal business interests and attempted to broker arms deals with South Africa, Argentina, Taiwan, Pakistan, and Iran. Pollard's advocates deny these claims citing the 166-page CIA Damage Assessment Report which they say indicates he only passed information to Israel pertaining to Israeli security. Pollard wrote in his defense memorandum that his wife never profited from his espionage. The reports were declassified in 2012. 580:

advisers, contained classified economic and political analyses which defendant believed would help his acquaintances render investment advice to their clients ... Defendant acknowledged that, although he was not paid for his unauthorized disclosures of classified information to the above-mentioned acquaintances, he hoped to be rewarded ultimately through business opportunities that these individuals could arrange for defendant when he eventually left his position with the U.S. Navy. In fact, defendant was involved in an ongoing business venture with two of these acquaintances at the time he provided the classified information to them ...

1462:, who has studied the Pollard case since serving as a senior staff member for the Senate intelligence committee from 1978 to 1985, argued that the swarm of accusations against Pollard over the years is implausible. On November 15, 2013, Professor Codevilla wrote a letter to President Obama, stating, "Others have pointed out that Pollard is the only person ever sentenced to life imprisonment for passing information to an ally, without intent to harm America, a crime which normally carries a sentence of 2–4 years; and that this disproportionate sentence in violation of a plea agreement was based 1951: 817:

excuse or justify the violation of the law, particularly one that involves the trust of government ... I broke trust, ruined and brought disgrace to my family." He admitted and apologized for taking money from the Israeli government in exchange for classified information. Anne Pollard, in her own statement, stated that she did "what at the time I believed to be correct" in helping her husband and attempting to conceal stolen documents, adding, "And I can't say that I would never help him again. However, I would look for different routes or different ways".

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broke wide open a few days later, when Pollard was asked by his superiors to take a polygraph test. Instead, he admitted to passing documents illegally, without mentioning Israel. The FBI again became involved. A brief time later, Pollard's neighbor, a naval officer, became concerned about safeguarding the 70-pound (32 kg) suitcase full of highly classified material that Anne had given him, and began telephoning around the military intelligence community asking for advice. He cooperated fully with the investigation and was never charged with any crime.

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maximum prison term of life, and to cooperate fully with the government's ongoing investigation. He promised not to disseminate any information concerning his crimes or his case, or to speak publicly about any classified information, without first receiving permission from the Director of Naval Intelligence. He further agreed that failure of Anne Pollard to obey the terms of her agreement entitled the government to void his agreement, and vice versa. In return for Pollard's plea, the government promised not to charge him with additional crimes.

1278:, a former U.S. congressman from Indiana who was chairman of the House Intelligence Committee at the time of Pollard's sentencing, wrote an emotional letter to President Obama in 2011 endorsing commutation of Pollard's sentence. "I have been acquainted for many years with members of his family, especially his parents, and I know how much pain and anguish they have suffered because of their son's incarceration", he wrote. Hamilton added that Pollard's father, whose health was failing rapidly, deserved to see his son freed. 1447:

than 50 recently convicted Soviet and Chinese spies, only two received life sentences, and two-thirds were sentenced to less time than Pollard has served so far. He further stated that "Pollard has cooperated fully with the U.S. government, pledged not to profit from his crime (e.g., from book sales), and has many times expressed remorse for what he did." Woolsey expressed his belief that Pollard is still imprisoned only because he is Jewish. He said, "

1413:, Speaker of the New York City Council, wrote a letter to President Obama on December 26, 2012, formally requesting that he commute Pollard's sentence. She stated that he has expressed great remorse. She wrote, "I know I share similar views with many past and current American elected officials" and "therefore, I respectfully urge you to use your constitutional power to treat Mr. Pollard the way others have been treated by our nation's justice system". 833:"The government did something highly suspicious by forgetting to send anyone to monitor these interviews", Esther Pollard said. "Later, at sentencing, the prosecutor successfully inflamed the judge against Jonathan by falsely claiming that not only had the interviews been secretly arranged behind their backs, but that Jonathan had also disclosed highly classified material to Blitzer that compromised the intelligence community's sources and methods." 1752:

observers to understand the potential impact and complexity of the Pollard betrayal", he wrote. "There is no doubt that Pollard was devoted to Israel. However, the extent of the theft and the damage was far broader and more complex than evidenced by the single charge and sentence." In his estimation, Pollard "was neither a U.S. nor an Israeli patriot. He was a self-serving, gluttonous character seeking financial reward and personal gratification."

803:'s air defenses; and "the pick of U.S. intelligence about Arab and Islamic conventional and unconventional military activity, from Morocco to Pakistan and every country in between. This included both 'friendly' and 'unfriendly' Arab countries." Prosecutor Joseph diGenova presented the Blitzer prison interview as evidence in his sentencing memorandum that Pollard had engaged in "unauthorized disclosure of classified information". 592:, reported the indiscretions to his chain of command. It recalled the officer from his position in the U.S., fearing that the disclosures might be part of a "CIA ruse". Confronted with this accusation after entering his plea, Pollard admitted only to passing a single classified document to the Australian; later, he changed his story, and claimed that his superiors ordered him to share information with the Australians. 3798: 6162:

lengthy document does it even hint that Pollard attempted to sell classified information to Pakistan or South Africa, and it quotes Pollard—who had been polygraphed extensively during his post-arrest interrogations—as being motivated by a concern over Israel's security, as American officials "failed to follow established disclosure guidance by withholding information releasable to Israel."

650:, stated in a 2014 interview that Pollard had been warned that he was uncovered and that he had given him a prearranged signal to leave the United States, but instead Pollard "wandered around for three days with them following him. He had many opportunities to do what I told him and he didn't do it." Eitan claimed that he had given the order to evict Pollard from the embassy. 3806: 1202:

commitment to Israeli survival over the laws of their own country. ... American Jewish leaders, always sensitive to the canard of dual loyalty, are keeping a low profile in the Pollard matter. Many American Jews at the grass roots are outraged at what they perceive to be an overreaction to the Pollards' crimes and the unusually long sentence imposed on Jonathan Pollard.

1297:(D-N.J.) wrote a letter that "notes the positive impact that a grant of clemency would have in Israel, as a strong indication of the goodwill of our nation towards Israel and the Israeli people". In November 2010, Weiner stated: "No one in the history of the United States who did something similar to Jonathan Pollard served a life sentence, nor should he". 6076: 638:

call to his wife to tell her where he was. As the interview was voluntary, the investigators had no choice but to grant the request. During the call to Anne, Pollard used the code word "cactus", signaling that he was in trouble, and that she should remove all classified material from their home. She attempted to do this, enlisting the help of a neighbor.

44: 4073: 1341:, wrote a letter on January 28, 2011, to President Obama stating that he extensively reviewed the Jonathan Pollard file while he served in the White House. In his letter, he stated, "that a failure at this time to commute his sentence would not serve the course of justice; indeed, I respectfully believe, it would be a miscarriage of justice". 617:

deteriorated because of this. People lost jobs over it", according to Barak. "It made for years and years of suspicion, with Americans suspecting he wasn't the only one, and feeling that they hadn't gotten the necessary explanations. They didn't believe it wasn't authorized. It caused huge, huge damage. They saw it as a betrayal of them."

460:. He also lied about his father being involved with CIA operations in South Africa. Haver became wary of Pollard and requested that he be terminated. However, Haver's boss believed that Pollard's supposed connection with South African intelligence could be useful, and he reassigned him to a Navy human intelligence (HUMINT) operation, 1132: 1514:, I expected a pardon for Pollard", he wrote. Clinton later confirmed in his memoir that he tentatively agreed to the condition, "but I would have to check with our people". When that information was made public, the American intelligence community responded immediately, with unequivocal anger. Seven former Secretaries of Defense— 4929:

Aldrich Ames, who was spying for the Soviet Union, tried to blame Mr. Pollard for exposing the American agents to clear himself of suspicion. 'I have no doubt that had Pollard been tried today, in light of what is known about Ames and other agents who were exposed, he would have received a much lighter sentence,' Mr. Eitan said.

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position: he denied illegal drug use, claimed his father had been a CIA operative, misrepresented his language abilities and his educational achievements, and claimed to have applied for a commission as officer in the Naval Reserve. A month later Pollard received his SCI clearances and was transferred from NISC to TF-168.

4510: 1814:, the director of U.S. National Intelligence, asserting that contrary to the MacFarlane and DeConcini affidavits, much of the information stolen by Pollard during the 1980s remained secret. The judge also cited Pollard's Israeli citizenship, obtained during his incarceration, as evidence that he was indeed a flight risk. 1786:

permission were prohibited. Pollard's attorneys appealed the conditions to the Parole Commission's appeals board, which eliminated only one restriction, that of requiring prior permission to use the Internet. However, it was ruled that his Internet use would be subjected to monitoring. Pollard's attorneys and

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his sentencing. He blatantly and contemptuously failed to live up to either part of the plea agreement ... It was this coupled with the magnitude and consequences of his criminal actions that resulted in the judge imposing a life sentence ... The appellate court subsequently upheld the life sentence.

472:, Commander, Naval Intelligence Command (CNIC), about an idea he had for TF-168 and South Africa. (The TF-168 group had passed on his ideas.) After the meeting, Shapiro immediately ordered that Pollard's security clearances be revoked and that he be reassigned to a non-sensitive position. According to 1772:

Laws in effect at the time of Pollard's sentencing mandated that federal inmates serving life sentences be paroled after 30 years of incarceration if no significant prison regulations had been violated, and if there was a "reasonable probability" that the inmate would not re-offend. On July 28, 2015,

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Former FBI and U.S. Navy lawyer M.E. "Spike" Bowman, a top legal adviser to navy intelligence at the time of Pollard's arrest who had intimate knowledge of the Pollard case, issued a detailed critique in 2011 of the case for clemency. "Because the case never went to trial, it is difficult for outside

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also argued against freeing Pollard: "Jonathan Pollard is not a Jewish martyr. He is a convicted espionage agent who spied on his country for both Israel and Pakistan (!)—a spy, moreover, who got paid for his work. His professional career, then, reeks of infamy and is suffused with depravity." Peretz

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On January 24, 2011, Netanyahu submitted the first formal public request for clemency in the form of a letter to President Obama. In 2012, President Shimon Peres presented to Obama a letter signed by 80 Israeli legislators, requesting Pollard's release on behalf of the citizens of Israel. In November

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wrote that he now endorses release of the convicted spy for Israel, citing the passage of time: "When I recommended against clemency, Pollard had been in prison less than a decade. Today he has been incarcerated for over a quarter of a century under his life sentence." He pointed out that of the more

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also wrote a letter to President Obama on January 11, 2011, urging that Pollard sentence to be commuted. He stated, "I am impressed that the people who are best informed about the classified material he passed to Israel, former CIA Director James Woolsey and former Chairman of the Senate Intelligence

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On November 18, 2010, 39 members of Congress submitted a plea of clemency to the White House on behalf of Pollard, asking the president for his immediate release: "We see clemency for Mr. Pollard as an act of compassion justified by the way others have been treated by our justice system." They stated

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systems. According to the declassified CIA 1987 damage assessment of the Pollard case, with the heading "What the Israelis Did Not Ask For", the assessment notes that the Israelis "never expressed interest in U.S. military activities, plans, capabilities, or equipment". Pollard's defense claimed that

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In addition to the release requests by the Israeli government, there was a long-running public campaign to free Pollard. The organizers include the Pollard family, his ex-wife, Anne, and Jewish groups in the U.S. and Israel. The campaign's main points claimed that Pollard spied for an ally instead of

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In September 2009, Israeli State Comptroller Micha Lindenstrauss released a report stating that repeated petitions for Pollard's release during a 20-year period had been rebuffed by the American government. The Pollard family criticized the report, terming it a "whitewash" of the Israeli government's

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attorneys over a period of several months. During late May 1986, the government offered him a plea agreement, which he accepted. By the terms of that agreement, Pollard was required to plead guilty to one count of conspiracy to deliver national defense information to a foreign government, which had a

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The Israelis created a schedule designed to wear the American investigators down, including many hours per day of commuting in blacked-out buses on rough roads, and frequent switching of buses, leaving them without adequate time to sleep, and preventing them from sleeping on the commute. The identity

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investigators also determined that Pollard met with three Pakistanis and an Iranian foreigner in an attempt to broker arms in 1985. Pollard eventually cooperated with investigators in exchange for a plea agreement for leniency for himself and his wife. Israel said initially that Pollard worked for an

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Prior to Pollard's plea bargain, the U.S. government began preparing a multi-count criminal indictment against him, which included drug offences and tax fraud along with espionage. The government alleged that Pollard used classified documents to unsuccessfully broker an arms deal with the governments

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had not foreseen this turn of events nor crafted escape plans, and they were told to flee immediately. The apartment where the documents stolen by Pollard were kept and copied was cleared out, and all four immediately fled Washington. Sella and his wife took a train to New York and caught a flight to

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168 (TF-168). This office was within Naval Intelligence Command (NIC), the headquarters for Navy intelligence operations (located in a separate building, but still within the Suitland Federal Center complex.) It was later discovered that Pollard had lied repeatedly during the vetting process for this

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The Israeli government acknowledged a portion of its role in Pollard's espionage in 1987, and issued a formal apology to the U.S., but did not admit to paying him until 1998. Over the course of his imprisonment, Israeli officials, US-Israeli activist groups and some US politicians continually lobbied

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On October 26, 2011, a bi-partisan group of 18 retired U.S. senators wrote to President Obama urging him to commute Jonathan Pollard's prison sentence to time served. The letter included senators who initially opposed his release. In the letter, it stated, "Mr. Pollard will complete his 26th year of

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from Florida, wrote a letter to President Obama on June 2, 2011, stating, "After serving 26 years behind bars, Jonathan Pollard's health is deteriorating, as is his wife's. If we can consent to the release by the British of the Lockerbie bomber back to Libya due to health concern, how can we justify

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sought permission from Congress to discuss the incarceration of Jonathan Pollard and called on Barack Obama to "answer the many calls for Pollard's immediate release". Frank said Pollard has paid a price much higher than anyone else that spied for a friend of the United States and more than many who

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and read the statements of former CIA Director Woolsey, former Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman DeConcini, former Defense Secretary Weinberger, former Attorney General Mukasey and others whose judgement and first-hand knowledge of the case I respect, I find their unanimous support for clemency

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advocated for Pollards' release, saying "27 years—he's paid the price for his crimes. He has expressed remorse. Enough is enough. It's time that he be let go—there is no justification that we can see for keeping him any longer, there's no cause of justice, no security interest that could possibly be

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to commute Pollard's sentence. The appeal included a letter of remorse from Pollard in which he admitted violating both U.S. laws and Jewish religious tenets. Pollard later reportedly regretted his admission, suspecting that it worsened his chances for clemency. Pollard loyalists blamed Luchins, who

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for further instructions, and the call was switched to the Air Force chief of staff. Sella was ordered to develop a contact with Pollard, but to be careful. He was warned that either the Americans were offering a "dangle" in order to root out foreign intelligence operations, or if this was a genuine

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Shapiro stated that he was troubled by the endorsements by Jewish organizations for Pollard: "We work so hard to establish ourselves and to get where we are, and to have somebody screw it up ... and then to have Jewish organizations line up behind this guy and try to make him out a hero of the

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and answered in Hebrew, and then translated back into English, even though all the parties spoke perfect English. The Commander Jerry Agee remembers that, even as he departed the airport, airport security informed him that "you will never be coming back here again". After his return to the US, Agee

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After his partial confession, Pollard was surveilled, but not taken into custody. On November 21, 1985, he and his wife tried to gain asylum at the Israeli Embassy in Washington, D.C., but they were ordered to leave by Israeli guards. FBI agents arrested Pollard as soon as he left embassy property.

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Pollard later agreed to a search of his home, which found the few documents which Anne had missed. At this time, the FBI decided to cede the case to Pollard's supervisors, since they had uncovered only mishandling of documents, with no proof that Pollard was passing classified information. The case

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on multiple occasions. Pollard also stole classified documents related to China on behalf of his wife, who used the information to advance her personal business interests. She kept these secret materials in the house, where investigating authorities discovered them when Pollard's espionage activity

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Another claim Pollard made is that the U.S. government reneged on its bargain not to seek the life sentence. What is not heard is that Pollard's part of the bargain was to cooperate fully in an assessment of the damage he had done and to refrain from talking to the press prior to the completion of

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Pollard and his apologists argue he turned over to the Israelis information they were being denied that was critical to their security. The fact is, however, Pollard had no way of knowing what the Israeli government was already receiving by way of official intelligence exchange agreements ...

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Pollard pleaded guilty and therefore never was publicly tried. Thus, the American people never came to know that he offered classified information to three other countries before working for the Israelis and that he offered his services to a fourth country while he was spying for Israel. They also

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On June 4, 1986, Pollard pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to deliver national defense information to a foreign government. Prior to sentencing, speaking on his own behalf, Pollard stated that while his motives "may have been well meaning, they cannot, under any stretch of the imagination,

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with two other women and, through a friend of one of her roommates, she first met Pollard. He later said he had fallen in love during their first meeting—they were "an inseparable couple" by November 1981, and in June 1982, when her Capitol Hill lease expired, she moved into Pollard's apartment in

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Perhaps the most painful and insidious of the slurs that has repeatedly been hurled against him is the claim that Jonathan first offered to sell classified material to South Africa and Pakistan, and only after they turned him down did he begin supplying material to Israel ... Nowhere in this

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Anne Pollard was sentenced to five years, but was paroled after three and a half years due to health problems. Pollard filed for divorce after Anne's release. While he reportedly said that he expected to be jailed for the remainder of his life, and did not want Anne to be bound to him, Anne later

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discussions with the government sought both to avoid a life sentence for him and to allow Anne Pollard to plead to lesser charges, which the government was otherwise unwilling to let her do. The government, however, did eventually offer Anne Pollard a plea agreement provided that Jonathan Pollard

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Pollard was stopped and questioned by FBI agents about a week later while removing classified material from his work premises. He explained that he was taking it to another analyst at a different agency for a consultation. His story was checked and found to be false. Pollard requested a telephone

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Pollard's espionage was nearly revealed in 1984 when a department chief noted a report on Soviet military equipment and questioned why it was germane to the office. Pollard, to whom the report was traced, was asked about it, and he replied that he had been working on terrorist networks, which was

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Although Pollard expressed a desire to relocate to Israel, he did not immediately do so after his parole expired due to his wife's health issues, and remained in the US for over a month while she underwent chemotherapy for breast cancer. Pollard and his wife, Esther, finally arrived in Israel on

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After his release on November 20, 2015, as scheduled, Pollard relocated to an apartment secured for him by his attorneys in New York City. A 7:00 pm to 7:00 am curfew was imposed on him. A job offer, as a research analyst at a Manhattan investment company, was retracted due to the inspections to

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Critics allege that Pollard's espionage, which compromised elements of four major intelligence systems, damaged American national security much more than was ever publicly acknowledged. They have charged that he was motivated not by patriotism or concern for Israel's security, but by greed; that

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Sella was eventually indicted on three counts of espionage by a United States court. Israel refused to allow Sella to be interviewed unless he was granted immunity. The United States refused because of Israel's previous failure to cooperate as promised. Israel refused to extradite Sella, instead

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The government's investigation has revealed that defendant provided to certain of his acquaintances U.S. classified documents which defendant obtained through U.S. Navy sources. The classified documents which defendant disclosed to two such acquaintances, both of whom are professional investment

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Pollard's clearance was reduced to Secret. He subsequently filed a grievance and threatened lawsuits to recover his SCI clearance. While awaiting his grievance to be addressed, he worked on less sensitive material and began receiving excellent performance reviews. In 1982, after the psychiatrist

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Pollard was given temporary non-SCI security clearances pending completion of his background check, which was normal for new hires at the time. He was assigned to temporary duty at another NIC Department, the Naval Intelligence Support Center (NISC) Surface Ships Division, where he could work on

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Mr. Eitan spoke about the Pollard case for the first time to Ronen Bergman of the newspaper, which is publishing the comments on Friday. Mr. Eitan said that Mr. Pollard never exposed American agents in the Soviet Union or elsewhere. Mr. Eitan also said he believed that the American double agent

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and Jewish holidays, and that surveillance of his computers prevented him from working at a job consistent with his education and intelligence. They further asserted that Pollard could not possibly remember information he saw before his arrest, and in any case, the parole conditions arbitrarily

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A bill introduced in the Knesset in November 2015 would, if passed, authorize the Israeli government to fund Pollard's housing and medical expenses, and pay him a monthly stipend, for the remainder of his life. Reports that the Israelis had already been paying Pollard and his ex-wife during his

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ring, which Pollard later offered to his girlfriend, Anne Henderson, when proposing to her. Pollard was paid well by the Israelis: he received a salary that eventually reached $ 2,500 (equivalent to $ 7,082 in 2023) a month, and tens of thousands of dollars in cash disbursements for hotels,

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The hip-hop style song is interspersed with sound bytes from TV news and other sources about the case. 'He's serving life in prison for a crime for which the average sentence is four or five years,' SHI 360 stated. 'I'm not trying to claim he's innocent, but he should be release. He's done his

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veryone seems frightened to speak up on behalf of a convicted spy. This has been especially true of the Jewish leadership in America. The Pollards are Jewish. ... The Pollards are also Zionists, who—out of a sense of misguided "racial imperative" (to quote Jonathan Pollard)—seem to place their

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Because of the job transfer, Shapiro's order to remove Pollard's security clearances was neglected. However, Shapiro's office followed up with a request to TF-168 that Pollard be investigated by the CIA. The CIA found Pollard to be a risk and recommended that he not be used in any intelligence

1558:, were "adamantly opposed" to clemency as well. Clinton, who had not expected such forceful opposition, told Netanyahu that Pollard's release could not be a condition of the agreement, and ordered a formal review of Pollard's case. Dennis Ross confirmed Clinton's version of events in his book 1487:, former U.S. government prosecutor and army intelligence officer, Pollard could not have revealed the identities of American spies, as Pollard lacked the security clearance to access this information. In the opinion of Loftus, "Pollard's continued incarceration is due to horrible stupidity". 1375:

Some now argue that Pollard should be released because it would improve U.S.-Israeli relations and enhance the prospects of success of the Obama administration's Middle East peace process. Although that may be true, it is not the reason I and many others have recently written to the president

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power, in exchange for Pollard. Sources conflict on the outcome: according to one, Amit made it known that he had no wish to be exchanged. By another account, Israeli officials vetoed the idea, fearing that it would only cause more anger in the United States. (Amit served his sentence and was

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In 1989, Pollard's attorneys filed a motion for withdrawal of his guilty plea and trial by jury due to the government's failure to abide by terms of the plea agreement. The motion was denied. An appeals court affirmed the denial. Several years later, with a different attorney, Pollard filed a

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to his superiors, prior drug use, and having unauthorized contacts with representatives of foreign governments. The special agent administering the test felt that Pollard, who at times "began shouting and shaking and making gagging sounds as if he were going to vomit", was feigning illness to

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unless granted special permission to travel outside. His parole officer was also authorized to impose a curfew and set exclusion zones within the city. He was ordered to wear electronic monitoring devices to track his movements. In addition, press interviews and Internet access without prior

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that the judiciary has no jurisdiction over the classified documents due to the fact that access was for the ultimate purpose of clemency, an executive function. The Supreme Court denied the cert petition in March 2006, ruling that the president's clemency power would be wholly unaffected by

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publicly regretted Pollard, saying that the recruitment and operation "were unknown by the intelligence leadership and unauthorized" with the resultant damage to the US-Israeli relationship far outweighing the value of the intelligence Pollard provided. "Our entire relationship with the U.S.

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meals, and jewelry. In his pre-sentencing statement to Judge Robinson, Pollard said the money was a benefit that was forced on him. "I did accept money for my services", he acknowledged, but only "as a reflection of how well I was doing my job". He said that he had later told his controller,

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Some of the data he compromised had nothing to do with Israeli security or even with the Middle East. He betrayed worldwide intelligence data, including sources and methods developed at significant cost to the U.S. taxpayer. As a result of his perfidy, some of those sources are lost forever.

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During Pollard's trial, the U.S. government's memorandum in aid of sentencing challenged the "defendant's claim that he was motivated by altruism rather than greed". The government said that Pollard had "disclosed classified information in anticipation of financial gain" in other instances:

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at the time of Pollard's arrest—told a group of rabbis, "President Obama was considering clemency, but I told him, 'Over my dead body are we going to let him out before his time. If it were up to me, he would stay in jail for life'." Biden later denied having used those precise words, but

1694:—issued a public response to the call for clemency, and what they termed "the myths that have arisen from this clever public relations campaign ... aimed at transforming Pollard from greedy, arrogant betrayer of the American national trust into Pollard, committed Israeli patriot": 4518: 1140:

an enemy, that his sentence was out of proportion to those given to others who committed similar crimes, and that the U.S. failed to live up to its plea bargain. Some Israeli activists compared President Bush to Hamas and Hezbollah leaders who have taken Israeli soldiers prisoner.

6297: 1637:, an Israeli Supreme Court Justice, former attorney general, and the acting Israeli ambassador to the US at the time of Pollard's arrest, advocated for Pollard's pardon. He said "Mistakes were made, mainly by the Israelis, but by the Americans as well, and 29 years enough." 732:

had granted a full pardon to Sella. The announcement stated that the State of Israel had requested the pardon and had issued a full and unequivocal apology. The announcement also stated that Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu, Israeli Ambassador to the United States

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Pollard was released on November 20, 2015, in accordance with federal guidelines at the time of his sentencing. On November 20, 2020, his parole expired and all restrictions were eliminated. On December 30, 2020, Pollard and his second wife relocated to Israel and settled in

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concluded Pollard had no mental illness, Pollard's clearance was upgraded to SCI. In October 1984, after some re-organization of the Navy's intelligence departments, Pollard applied for and was accepted into a job as an analyst for the Naval Intelligence Command.

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reportedly offered to release Pollard as an incentive to Israel to resume negotiations with the Palestinians toward the formation of a Palestinian state. The White House, however, announced that no decision had been made on any agreement involving Pollard.

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The issue of his imprisonment has sometimes arisen amidst Israeli domestic politics. Benjamin Netanyahu has been particularly vocal in lobbying for Pollard's release, visiting Pollard in prison in 2002. He raised the issue with President Clinton during the

504: 394:. They married on August 9, 1985, more than a year after Pollard began spying for Israel, in a civil ceremony in Venice, Italy. At the time of their arrest, in November 1985, they were paying US$ 750 (equivalent to $ 2,125 in 2023) per month in rent. 1780:

The terms of release set by the Parole Commission stipulated that Pollard must remain on parole for a minimum of five years. The US government could have legally extended his period of parole until 2030. His parole restrictions required him to remain in

1311:, a Senior Circuit Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit stated: "Jonathan Pollard's life sentence represents a fundamental miscarriage of justice". In December 2010, former U.S. assistant Secretary of Defense 1584:, during President George W. Bush's first visit to Israel as president. Subsequently, this request was refused by President Bush. The next day, at a dinner attended by several ministers of the Israeli government (in addition to U.S. Secretary of State 1036:

Israel maintained officially until 1998 was that Pollard worked for an unauthorized rogue organization. During May of that year, Premier Netanyahu admitted that Pollard had in fact been an Israeli agent, answering directly to high-ranking officials of

1451:

played a role in the continued detention of Pollard." "For those hung up for some reason on the fact that he's an American Jew, pretend he's a Greek- or Korean- or Filipino-American and free him", Woolsey, who is not Jewish, said in his letter to the

531:. Pollard told Sella that he worked for U.S. naval intelligence, told him about specific incidents where U.S. intelligence was withholding information from Israel, and offered to work as a spy. Though Sella had wondered whether Pollard was part of an 595:

As of 2014, the full extent of the information Pollard passed to Israel has still not been officially revealed. Press reports cited a secret 46-page memorandum, which Pollard and his attorneys were allowed to view. They were provided to the judge by

1406:

On March 22, 2011, more than one hundred New York State legislators signed a petition to President Obama stating, "that we see clemency for Mr. Pollard as an act of compassion justified by the way others have been treated by our justice system".

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Some sources claim that Pollard then renounced his United States citizenship, was now solely an Israeli citizen, and would be deported to Israel if he were released from prison. Others continue to identify him as a U.S. citizen. According to the

914:

that there is no record of a marriage ceremony having been requested or performed. After completing her parole, Anne Pollard emigrated to Israel, where she lived in Tel Aviv on a government stipend supplemented by occasional private donations.

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If, as Pollard and his supporters claim, he has "suffered enough" for his crimes, he is free to apply for parole as the American judicial system provides. In his arrogance, he has refused to do so, but insists on being granted clemency or a

2583: 221:'s ten-volume manual on how the U.S. gathers its signal intelligence, and disclosed the names of thousands of people who had cooperated with U.S. intelligence agencies. He was apprehended in 1985, and in subsequent proceedings agreed to a 1248:

between the two countries. The memorandum of understanding was an agreement between the United States and Israel regarding the sharing of vital security intelligence. According to Pollard, this included data on Soviet arms shipments to

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for himself and his wife, he was shown no leniency, and was given the maximum sentence with the exception of death; Pollard's opponents answer that Pollard violated the terms of that plea agreement even before the sentence was given.

1028:

During 1995, Israel again attempted to arrange a three-way exchange, this time involving American spies imprisoned in Russia: Israel would release Klingberg, the Russians would release U.S. agents who had remained in prison since the

1613:

reported on September 21, 2010, that the Israeli government (again under Netanyahu) proposed informally that Pollard be released as a reward to Israel for extending by three months a halt to new settlements in occupied territories.

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requesting that he grant Pollard clemency. The reason is that Pollard has already served far too long for the crime for which he was convicted, and by now, whatever facts he might know would have little effect on national security.

653:

After Pollard's arrest, Anne evaded an FBI agent who was following her, met Sella at a restaurant, and told him of her husband's arrest. As a result, three Israeli diplomatic personnel involved in the operation were also informed:

556:, a scientific-intelligence unit in Israel, that, "I not only intended to repay all the money I'd received, but, also, was going to establish a chair at the Israeli General Staff's Intelligence Training Center outside Tel Aviv". 1398:

wrote a letter to President Obama, stating that, as the chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, he believed Pollard should be pardoned. Specter was the second chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee (the first was

241:

for a reduction or commutation of his sentence. In defense of his actions, Pollard said the American intelligence establishment collectively endangered Israel's security by withholding crucial information. Opposing any form of

380:

Pollard's future wife, Anne Henderson (born 1960), relocated to Washington, D.C., during the autumn of 1978 to live with her (recently divorced) father, Bernard Henderson. During the summer of 1981, she moved into a house on

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In July 2005, Pollard again filed a motion for a new trial, this time on the grounds of ineffective assistance of counsel. He also sought access to classified documents pertinent to his new lawyers' efforts in preparing a

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Israel paid him well, and he spent the money on cocaine, alcohol, and expensive meals. Many intelligence officials are convinced that at least some of the information Pollard sold to Israel was acquired eventually by the

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has been among Pollard's well-known advocates, both in the courtroom as a lawyer and in various print media. Characterizing the sentence as "excessive", Dershowitz writes in an article reprinted in his bestselling book

812:

interview from prison, Anne said, "I feel my husband and I did what we were expected to do, and what our moral obligation was as Jews, what our moral obligation was as human beings, and I have no regrets about that".

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which his employer's computers would be subjected. His attorneys immediately filed a motion challenging the terms of his parole, arguing that the Internet restrictions rendered him unemployable as an analyst, and the

828:

n combination with the breadth of this man's knowledge, the depth of his memory, and the complete lack of honor that he has demonstrated in these proceedings, I suggest to you, your honor, he is a very dangerous man.

1818:

incarceration were denied. After numerous delays, the bill was withdrawn from consideration in March 2016 at the request of Premier Netanyahu and Israeli security officials, citing "diplomatic and security reasons".

670:

London, Yagur fled to Canada, Erb to Mexico, and Ravid to Miami, from where they caught connecting flights to Israel. All were out of the United States in 24 hours. Anne was arrested the next day, November 22, 1985.

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to reverse the August 2016 lower-court decision denying his request for more lenient parole restrictions. They argued that the prohibition against leaving his residence between 7 pm and 7 am forced him to violate

960:

doctrine is a flexible doctrine that does not dictate the complete separation of the three branches of Government from one another. The brief claimed that the Court of Appeals violated this principle in asserting

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on February 15, 1987, under the headline "Pollard: Not A Bumbler, but Israel's Master Spy". Pollard told Blitzer about some of the information he provided the Israelis: reconnaissance satellite photography of

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For all the sympathy Pollard generated in Israel, he was a hard case to push in America; he had sold our country's secrets for money, not conviction, and for years had not shown any remorse. When I talked to

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When asked to return the stolen material, the Israelis reportedly supplied only a few dozen less sensitive documents. At the time, the Americans knew that Pollard had passed tens of thousands of documents.

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called Pollard's supporters "professional victims, mostly brutal themselves, who originate in the ultra-nationalist and religious right. They are insatiable. And they want America to be Israel's patsy."

1315:

said: "In retrospect, we know that an injustice was done to Pollard ... the man is very sick and should be released before it is too late." Some of the accusations against Pollard can be traced to

634:, with which the section was concerned. Looking at more unrelated documents, the supervisor believed foreign intelligence might be involved, but was unable to determine which nation might be interested. 841:

The Pollards' sentencing occurred on March 4, 1987. While the prosecutor, in compliance with the plea agreement, recommended that Pollard receive "only a substantial number of years in prison", Judge

1078:. Eitan says it was his decision to refuse Pollard's request for asylum in the Israeli Embassy. When asked if Israeli officials were aware of Pollard's espionage activities, he replied, "Of course". 1052:

disputed in the media over which had been more supportive of Pollard. In 2002, Netanyahu visited Pollard in prison. In 2007 he pledged that, if re-elected Premier, he would obtain Pollard's release.

441:(SCI) clearance was required. The Navy asked for but was denied information from the CIA regarding Pollard, including the results of their pre-employment polygraph test revealing Pollard's excessive 3410: 1777:

announced that Pollard would be released on November 20, 2015. The U.S. Justice Department informed Pollard's legal team that it would not contest the Parole Commission's unanimous July 7 decision.

1810:

declaring that any secrets learned by Pollard thirty years ago were no longer secret, and had no value today. On August 12, 2016, a federal judge denied the motion on the basis of a statement from

806:

Prior to sentencing, Pollard and his wife Anne gave further defiant media interviews in which they defended their spying and attempted to rally Jewish Americans to their cause, diGenova said. In a

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officer who had been engaged in a personnel-exchange naval-liaison program between the U.S. and Australia. The Australian officer, alarmed by Pollard's repeated disclosure to him of data caveated

1356:, former U.S. secretary of state, declared that the time had come to commute the sentence of Pollard. On March 3, 2011, Kissinger wrote a letter to President Obama stating, "Having talked with 1237:

The Jerusalem City Council has also acted in advocacy of Pollard, changing the name of a square near the official premier's residence from Paris Square to Freedom for Jonathan Pollard Square.

1831:

limited his computer usage, but not his ability to transfer information by other means. Netanyahu also reportedly renewed his request for a parole waiver during a meeting with Vice President

6060: 6009: 931: 910:, who pledged to increase his efforts to secure Pollard's release. Media sources and Pollard family members have questioned whether Pollard and Zeitz ever legally wed. Prison officials told 3475: 7438: 3671: 3449: 1330:, Pollard's Israeli handler, stated that Pollard never exposed American agents in the USSR or elsewhere. Eitan said he believed Ames tried to blame Pollard to clear himself of suspicion. 1120:, it is not possible for a person to lose U.S. citizenship while physically present in the United States except by renunciation filed with the Attorney General, or conviction of treason. 3989: 377:

in 1968 when his father's CIA role there was discovered. None of these claims were true. Later, Pollard enrolled in several graduate schools, but never completed a post-graduate degree.

1794:, urged President Obama to exercise his powers of clemency to waive Pollard's parole requirements and allow him to relocate to Israel immediately; but a spokesman for the White House's 692:

unauthorized rogue operation, which they maintained for more than ten years. They finally agreed to cooperate with the investigation in exchange for immunity for the Israelis involved.

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initially refused on grounds that Israel did not grant citizenship to persons who had not yet immigrated, but reversed its decision and granted the petition on November 22, 1995.

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The prosecution answered these statements by saying that the Pollards had continued to violate numerous nondisclosure agreements even as the trial was occurring. The prosecutor,

1652:, criticized the "unjust denial of parole" for Pollard whose "grossly disproportionate sentence continues". They termed the charge used to keep him imprisoned "patently false". 1272:

Israel had the legal right to the information that Pollard passed to Israel based upon the 1983 Memorandum of understanding and the United States was violating that Memorandum.

353:

in 1976. While there, he is remembered by several of his acquaintances as having boasted that he was a dual citizen of the United States and Israel, claiming to have worked for

7463: 5345: 1197:, "As an American, and as a Jew, I hereby express my outrage at Jonathan Pollard's sentence of life imprisonment for the crime to which he pleaded guilty". Dershowitz writes: 1041:, the Israeli Bureau for Scientific Relations. The Israeli government paid at least two of the attorneys—Richard A. Hibey and Hamilton Philip Fox III—working for his release. 4170: 7453: 861: 342:. While there, he was hospitalized after a fight with another student. One Weizmann scientist remembered Pollard as leaving behind "a reputation of being a troublemaker". 1588:), the subject of Pollard's release was again discussed. This time, however, Premier Olmert commented that it was not the appropriate occasion to discuss Pollard's fate. 6794: 5993:

Casey N and Mitnick J (April 1, 2014). "Middle East Peace Talks Near Collapse Palestinian Leader Plans to Raise Pressure on Israel; U.S. Backs Off Plan to Free Spy".

7279: 5073: 1806:-equipped ankle bracelet was unnecessary, as he was not a flight risk. The filing included affidavits from McFarlane and former Senate Intelligence Committee member 5145: 869: 5919: 3436: 3156: 2079:(born 1953) — former State Department communications officer, sentenced to 14 years in prison for passing sensitive military and diplomatic information to Greece. 1550:

initially denied reports that he had threatened to resign if Pollard were to be released, but eventually confirmed that he had. Other Clinton advisors, including

5693: 4834: 6238: 1070:, who directed Lekem from 1981 until its dissolution in 1986, admitted that he knew in advance of Pollard's impending arrest in 1985 and alerted then-Premier 457: 7468: 487:

invalidate the test. He recommended against Pollard's being granted access to highly classified information. Pollard was also required to be evaluated by a

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In 2013, Rabbi Pesach Lerner, executive vice president of the National Council of Young Israel, cited hypocrisy of Pollard's imprisonment in America after

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in October 1998. In his autobiography, Clinton wrote that he favored releasing Pollard, but the objections of U.S. intelligence officials were too strong:

543:

Within a few days, in June 1984, Pollard started passing classified information to Sella. He was paid $ 10,000 cash and given a very expensive diamond and

334:

Pollard grew up with what he termed a "racial obligation" to Israel, and made his first visit to Israel in 1970, as part of a science program visiting the

233:. Pollard admitted shopping his services—successfully, in some cases—to other countries. In 1987, he was sentenced to life in prison for violations of the 4145: 2548: 7433: 6257: 4398: 4055: 3828: 1025:

wrote columns in February 1994 endorsing the idea. White House officials expressed little enthusiasm for Hesburgh's plan, and he ceased further efforts.

456:

Two months after Pollard was hired, he approached the technical director of NOSIC, Richard Haver, and offered to start a back-channel operation with the

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ruled two-to-one to deny Pollard's petition, due primarily to the failure of Pollard's original attorneys to file his appeal in a timely manner. Judge

7398: 3997: 2710: 2604: 1835:. In May 2017, the court rejected the appeal, ruling that the parole conditions minimized the risk of harm he continued to pose to U.S. intelligence. 1012: 976:

In 1988, Israel proposed a three-way exchange, wherein Pollard and his wife would be released and deported to Israel, Israel would release Soviet spy

780:

correspondent, performed a jail-cell interview with Pollard. The interview formed the basis of Blitzer's newspaper article, which was also printed in

6642: 4541: 1931: 1923:

During mid-September 2022, Pollard announced his engagement to Rivka Abrahams-Donin, a widowed mother of seven children. They married on October 20.

938:

dissented, "because the government's breach of the plea agreement was a fundamental miscarriage of justice requiring relief under 28 U.S.C. § 2255".

7428: 1938:

to prevent them from interfering in Israel's war plans. In February 2024, he advocated moving the entire Arab population out of Gaza, preferably to

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successor counsel's access to the classified documents, and that the classified documents were sealed by a protective order, a judicial procedure.

7413: 7393: 3575: 3558:"'Government's Reply to Defendant's Sentencing Memorandum,' United States of America v. Jonathan Jay Pollard, Criminal No. 86-0207, March 3, 1987" 3485: 1851:. They were greeted on arrival by Israeli Premier Benjamin Netanyahu, who handed Pollard his Israeli documentation. Israeli Intelligence Minister 1795: 6946: 3457: 468:

While transferring to his new job at TF-168, Pollard again initiated a meeting with someone far up the chain of command, this time with Admiral

7264: 5582: 4372: 2625: 2436: 1649: 1215: 190: 6624: 6495: 5378: 2283: 1334:

how there has been a great disparity by the amount of time that Pollard has served and by others who were found guilty of similar activities.

7423: 7363: 7235: 7201: 7180: 7157: 5947: 5560: 3128: 1109: 1991:, which was produced Off-Broadway at the 4th Street Theater NYC. Blank is also developing a screenplay for the film adaptation of the play. 1470:, Codevilla stated, "The story of the Pollard case is a blot on American justice." The life sentence "makes you ashamed to be an American". 1466:, but on a memorandum that was never shared with the defense. This is not how American justice is supposed to work." In an interview to the 3043: 1726: 1622:

said, "It is unprecedented in the history of the U.S. that someone who spied for a friendly country served even half the time in prison."

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noted one in particular, which had been signed in June 1986, alluding to Pollard's interview with Wolf Blitzer. The prosecutor concluded:

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was not obligated to follow the recommendation. Noting that Pollard had violated multiple conditions of the plea agreement, he imposed a

705:

found various items had been stolen from his luggage. The abuse came not only from the guards and officials, but also the Israeli media.

7448: 4808: 4496: 763: 584:

During the course of the Pollard trial, Australian authorities reported the disclosure of classified American documents by Pollard to a

2185: 898:

After finalization of his divorce from Anne, Pollard allegedly married Esther "Elaine" Zeitz, a Canadian teacher and activist based in

7418: 7219: 6768: 3914: 3284: 1223:

In 18 years on the bench, I imposed life sentences on four defendants only . Pollard's offense does not nearly approach any of those.

865: 597: 6581: 6606: 5355: 1917: 1113: 1100: 1095: 788: 5319: 4240: 3356: 1303:

said in 2004: "Pollard received a harsher sentence than others who committed comparable crimes". Former U.S. Secretary of Defense

6427: 6174: 5725: 4174: 2779: 1852: 1384:, "We believe that his continued incarceration constitutes a travesty of justice and a stain on the American system of justice." 1011:, a family friend of Pollard's, attempted to broker a deal whereby Pollard would be released, "be banished to Israel", and would 292:

family, the youngest of three siblings born to Morris and Mildred "Molly" Klein (Kahn) Pollard. In 1961, his family relocated to

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keeping Mr. Pollard behind bars when his crimes were clearly not as serious as a terrorist who murdered hundreds of Americans?"

7383: 7353: 6466: 1774: 1591:

As President Bush was about to leave office in 2009, Pollard himself requested clemency for the first time. In an interview in

1361:

compelling. I believe justice would be served by commuting the remainder of Jonathan Pollard's sentence of life imprisonment".

1030: 688: 532: 5478: 5030:"Letter of Former WH Legal Counsel Bernard Nussbaum to Pres. Obama: Failure to release Pollard now 'a miscarriage of justice'" 3557: 6388: 4196: 3255: 390:. In December 1982, the couple moved into downtown Washington, D.C., to a two-bedroom apartment at 1733 20th Street NW, near 327:. Pollard's family made a special effort to instill a sense of Jewish identity in their children, which included devotion to 5431: 1240:

Pollard claimed that he provided only information that was vital to Israeli security, and that it was being withheld by the

6554: 5256: 3725: 2031:

Theatre in Tel Aviv. It was performed at the Knesset in 2011. The part of Pollard was played by Israeli actor Rami Baruch.

1838:

On November 20, 2020, Pollard's parole restrictions expired. The US Justice Department refused to extend the restrictions.

1577:

on January 16, 2006. Another appeal for intervention on Pollard's behalf was rejected by the High Court on March 20, 2006.

7388: 5083: 4213: 3753: 2073:(1923–2012) — former U.S. Army mechanical engineer, admitted passing classified U.S. documents to Israel during the 1980s. 1484: 1087: 1045: 335: 7284: 5211: 6875: 6537: 6281:

Shalem, C (July 17, 2015). "Jailed Israeli spy Pollard on track for November 21 release – unless something goes wrong".

5972: 5841: 5665: 5167: 2838: 5893: 2522: 1950: 7403: 7368: 7358: 6220: 2052: 1543: 1317: 1245: 1123:

On December 30, 2020, Jonathan Pollard and his wife officially immigrated to Israel and became full Israeli citizens.

953: 535:

operation to recruit an Israeli, he eventually believed him. Sella telephoned his air-force intelligence commander in

403: 365:(even sending himself a telegram addressed to "Colonel Pollard"), and to have killed an Arab while on guard duty at a 358: 6522: 4838: 4783: 1542:—along with several senior congressional leaders, publicly voiced their vigorous opposition to any form of clemency. 3686: 7478: 7144: 6453: 6367: 6323: 4695: 2907: 2406: 2195: 1760: 1731: 995:, an Israeli military intelligence officer serving a 12-year sentence for spying for the United States and another 721: 2142: 1935: 5766: 3910: 3730: 1988: 1791: 1502:

for a pardon. Other requests ensued. At a critical juncture in the Israeli-Palestinian peace negotiations at the

946:

petition. The Court of Appeals rejected both arguments. During February 2006, his attorneys filed a petition for

885: 717:

responded by threatening to cut aid to Israel, at which point Sella voluntarily stepped down to defuse tensions.

7473: 6743: 6349: 3924: 2227: 1871:. Esther Pollard died on January 31, 2022. She had been hospitalized for two weeks after contracting COVID-19. 1580:

On January 10, 2008, the subject of Pollard's pardon was again brought up for discussion, this time by Premier

1004: 603:, who described Pollard's spying as including, among other things, obtaining and copying the latest version of 482:

collection operation. A subsequent polygraph test was inconclusive, although it did prompt Pollard to admit to

301: 218: 7058: 5229: 449:

tasks that did not require SCI clearance. NOSIC's current operations facility and the NISC were co-located in

6507:

Hoffman, G. (November 10, 2015). "Knesset proposes Pollard funding bill to cover his expenses upon release".

421:(NFOIO), an office of the Naval Intelligence Command (NIC). As an intelligence specialist, he was to work on 7378: 5123: 1574: 1438: 1425: 1307:

stated that "he Pollard matter was comparatively minor. It was made far bigger than its actual importance."

605: 483: 5505: 3672:"Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu Israel's Chief Rabbi Who Was Orthodox In His Religion and Radical In His Politics" 2718: 1867:

restrictions, they went into quarantine for two weeks after their arrival. Pollard and his wife settled in

1640:

In a November 2014 letter to President Obama, a group of American officials, including former CIA director

864:

in Springfield, Missouri, to undergo a battery of mental health tests. In June 1988, he was transferred to

7408: 7348: 7145:

Capturing Jonathan Pollard: How One of the Most Notorious Spies in American History Was Brought to Justice

5819: 4348: 3508:§ 794. Gathering or delivering defense information to aid foreign government, United States Code|18|794(c) 3078: 1732:

Capturing Jonathan Pollard: How One of the Most Notorious Spies in American History Was Brought to Justice

714: 402:

Pollard began applying for intelligence service jobs in 1979 after quitting graduate school, first at the

226: 7274:

CRS Report for Congress RS20001 Jonathan Pollard: Background and Considerations for Presidential Clemency

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Izenberg, Dan, "State Comptroller: Every Gov't Since '96 Tried To Free Pollard, But US Wouldn't Yield",

4023: 3184: 1803: 1308: 609:(RASIN), a 10-volume manual comprehensively detailing America's global electronic surveillance network. 585: 442: 362: 234: 180: 6202: 4632: 3585: 2567:"Jewish Post 12 December 2001 — Hoosier State Chronicles: Indiana's Digital Historic Newspaper Program" 5815: 4864: 4735:"Pollard gathered intel on Arab and Soviet weaponry, not US military activities, CIA document reveals" 7343: 7314: 6900:"'Move Gaza's Arabs to Ireland': Former U.S. Jewish Spy Pollard Endorses Israel's Far-right Ben-Gvir" 4403: 4028: 3580: 2497:"'Move Gaza's Arabs to Ireland': Former U.S. Jewish spy Pollard endorses Israel's far-right Ben-Gvir" 2190: 2013: 1967: 1958: 1898: 1890: 1855:

said that Pollard would be granted a government stipend equivalent to the pensions granted to former

1539: 1535: 1531: 1503: 1165: 1112:

to process renunciations of citizenship from persons physically present in the United States, and by

957: 796: 211: 6119: 2635: 1885:

gala in 2021. Pollard gave the main address to the gala, in which he accused the U.S. government of

1056:

activities, although they agreed with its assertion that Pollard had been denied due legal process.

5409:"Conservative Republican Congressman & Decorated War Hero Calls On Pres. Obama To Free Pollard" 5386: 5078: 4040: 3935: 3402: 2232: 2207: 1939: 1687: 1669:

acknowledged that they had no good evidence. In 1999, Hersh summarized the case against Pollard in

935: 842: 782: 528: 474: 387: 346: 293: 273: 99: 4319: 3799:"Torontonian at centre of espionage tale Is Esther Pollard really the wife of convicted U.S. spy?" 3138: 2600: 7011: 6039: 5261: 4888: 4672: 4610: 4300: 4117: 3562:

his unauthorized disclosure of information has continued even after his arrest and incarceration.

3215: 3051: 2411: 1875: 1634: 1609: 1551: 1507: 1498:

was the first Israeli premier to intervene on Pollard's behalf; in 1995, he petitioned President

1391:

wrote a letter to President Obama on January 31, 2011, urging him to commute Pollard's sentence.

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Some who feel the sentence was excessive claim that although Pollard pleaded guilty as part of a

907: 658: 450: 438: 430: 3874:

United States v. Pollard, 959 F.2d 1011, 295 U.S. App. D.C. 7, 1992 U.S. App. LEXIS 4695 (1992).

895:

told a reporter that the divorce papers were served with no warning or explanation of any kind.

662: 655: 6324:"Jonathan Pollard on forthcoming release: 'I'm looking forward to being reunited with my wife'" 5530: 1510:

attempted to make the outcome contingent on Pollard's release. "If we signed an agreement with

7231: 7215: 7197: 7176: 7153: 6954: 6282: 5924: 5794: 5670: 5608:"Former Senate intelligence staffer urges Jonathan Pollard's release, offers expert testimony" 4912: 3757: 3280: 2076: 2044: 1864: 1527: 1523: 1304: 1008: 888: 850: 738: 600: 516: 350: 2255: 1565:

Another Israeli request was made in New York on September 14, 2005, and refused by President

7295: 6207: 5798: 5052: 5008:"Former White House Counsel: Failure To Release Pollard Would Be A 'Miscarriage Of Justice'" 3970: 3919: 3850: 3406: 3314: 3210: 2092: 1906: 1807: 1739: 1691: 1679: 1585: 1570: 1459: 1400: 1338: 1320: 1254: 1207: 977: 849:

on the basis of a classified damage-assessment memorandum submitted by Secretary of Defense

700:

of Pollard's original handler, Sella, was withheld. All questions had to be translated into

524: 426: 285: 181:

Conspiracy to deliver national defense information to a foreign government (18 U.S.C. § 794)

71: 7109: 7083: 2680: 988:

to release American hostages held there by Syrian- and Iranian-sponsored terrorist groups.

562:(NCIS) investigator Ronald Olive has alleged that Pollard passed classified information to 425:

issues at the Navy Ocean Surveillance Information Center (NOSIC), a department of NFOIO. A

7006: 4941: 3133: 2039: 2009: 1954: 1848: 1619: 1547: 1519: 1515: 1410: 1353: 1275: 1229: 1189: 1021: 821: 710: 701: 269: 246: 2960: 2903: 2095:(1918–2015) — Israeli scientist and the highest ranking Soviet spy ever caught in Israel. 1976: 5711: 4986:"Original Letter to Pres. Obama signed by 39 Congressmen calling for Release of Pollard" 4542:"Mideast Accord: The Spy; As Deal Came Together, a Snag Over Release of an American Spy" 3073: 478:, Shapiro dismissed Pollard as a "kook", saying later, "I wish the hell I'd fired him". 369:. He also claimed that his father, Morris Pollard was a CIA operative, and to have fled 5666:"Jonathan Pollard's Defenders Have Been Vindicated by Newly Declassified CIA Documents" 5323: 3431: 2378: 2352: 2147: 2070: 2028: 1894: 1683: 1671: 1602: 1566: 1300: 1290: 1286: 877: 776: 742: 469: 407: 370: 297: 222: 5729: 2469: 758:

assist the government in its damage assessment. As part of this process, he agreed to

7337: 7268: 7169: 6844: 6819: 6198: 5007: 4453: 3961: 3274: 2630: 2005: 1980: 1913: 1886: 1882: 1811: 1787: 1782: 1744: 1666: 1645: 1641: 1598: 1511: 1495: 1477: 1448: 1443: 1395: 1381: 1368: 1364: 1357: 1345: 1312: 1294: 1152: 1104: 1075: 926: 903: 846: 627: 613: 391: 374: 308: 83: 406:(CIA) and then at the U.S. Navy. Pollard was refused for the CIA job after taking a 17: 5057: 4860: 2086: 2067:(born 1945) — Israeli convicted in 1987 for spying on Israel for the United States. 1994: 1662: 1555: 1499: 1417: 1323: 1282: 1241: 1178: 1174: 1156: 1144: 1071: 771: 754: 729: 563: 488: 422: 411: 382: 254: 5029: 4985: 3507: 3450:"Trump pardons Steve Bannon, Lil Wayne, dozens of others; also commutes sentences" 2085:(1912–1966) — Austrian-born Israeli citizen convicted of espionage for the former 1983:

portrayed a character resembling Pollard. Pollard's story inspired the stage play

503: 7191: 6239:"Obama Turns to Biden to Reassure Jewish Voters, and Get Them to Contribute, Too" 5408: 5298: 5276: 5097: 4344: 3896: 3783: 3703: 3520: 2047:, the recent case of Pollard's espionage is a source of mild tension between the 1117: 7444:

Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government

7291: 7110:"Israeli Rapper's New Jonathan Pollard Protest Song - Music & Entertainment" 6145: 5146:"Washington – Henry Kissinger Calls On President Obama To Free Jonathan Pollard" 3965: 3039: 2961:"NOVA Online | Secrets, Lies, and Atomic Spies | Jonathan Jay Pollard" 2348: 2082: 1581: 1268: 1261: 725: 512: 507:

Surveillance video frame of Pollard in the act of stealing classified documents.

324: 320: 250: 6075:

W. O. Studeman; Sumner Shapiro; J. L. Butts; T. A. Brooks (December 12, 1998).

6040:"Senior U.S. officials: Charge used to keep Pollard in prison 'patently false'" 3761: 3237: 43: 6694:"Pollard: 'Jew-hatred' a foundational belief of 'Amalek' Biden administration" 5920:"Israel: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to seek Jonathan Pollard's release" 4662: 4600: 4019: 3157:"Only attempt to seek refuge in Israeli embassy incriminated Jonathan Pollard" 2098: 2064: 1878: 1832: 1626: 1388: 1327: 1067: 1049: 1016: 992: 963: 948: 902:

who had organized a campaign for his release. In 1996, she initiated a public

808: 734: 647: 549: 461: 434: 417:

He fared better with the Navy, and on September 19, 1979, he was hired by the

174: 7212:

The Spy who Knew Too Much: The Government Plot to Silence Jonathan Pollard: S

6958: 6258:"Biden denies saying Jonathan Pollard would be released 'over his dead body'" 4916: 1160:

received death threats and required federal protection for a period of time.

891:

was also an advocate of Pollard, and campaigned for his release from prison.

2470:"Jonathan Pollard: Israel spy greeted by Netanyahu after flying to Tel Aviv" 2260: 1868: 1756: 881: 759: 680: 631: 316: 262: 5726:"Document prepared in the Knesset surveying the efforts to release Pollard" 4760: 4468:"Israel And Freedom For Jonathan Pollard", Caroline Glick (April 28, 2005) 4424: 3782:

Frucht, LE (August 22, 1996): Pollard Ends Hunger Strike After Meeting PM.

3427:"Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding Executive Grants of Clemency" 2317:"Jonathan Pollard: Background and Considerations for Presidential Clemency" 7033: 6769:"Ben Gvir names scion of prominent rabbinic family to his far-right slate" 4373:"Jonathan Pollard arrives in Israel, 35 years after his arrest for spying" 2437:"Jonathan Pollard arrives in Israel, 35 years after his arrest for spying" 2407:"Jonathan Pollard, Convicted Spy, Completes Parole and May Move to Israel" 1601:

endorsed Pollard's release on two conditions: that he show contrition and

566:, and attempted, through a third party, to sell classified information to 3480: 3453: 2288: 1860: 1593: 1258: 943: 567: 544: 536: 6403:"Obama will not intervene to allow Jonathan Pollard to leave for Israel" 5277:"More than 100 NY State legislators join the call for Pollard's release" 5098:"Dr. Henry Kissinger's letter to President Obama: Free Jonathan Pollard" 4699: 4304: 4197:"Peres, Rabin knew Pollard was planted in US armed forces, handler says" 1699:

never came to understand that he was being highly paid for his services.

1603:

refuse any profits from books or other projects associated with the case

6904: 6643:"Esther Pollard, Wife of Israeli Spy, Dies After COVID Hospitalization" 6625:"Jonathan Pollard out of quarantine, strolling Jerusalem – In Pictures" 6582:"Jonathan Pollard's parole terminated, ex-spy free to travel to Israel" 6480:"Jonathan Pollard, spy for Israel, released from prison after 30 years" 6221:"The Drumbeats for Clemency for Jonathan Jay Pollard Reverberate Again" 5694:"With an eye toward the Jewish vote, Newt Gingrich disses Palestinians" 5612: 5350: 4667: 4605: 2784: 2383: 1927: 1827: 1060: 906:, but ended it 19 days later after meeting with Israeli Prime Minister 899: 792: 520: 366: 339: 328: 7273: 6980:"Yishai moves to legalize Jewish ownership of East Jerusalem building" 2316: 4436: 4291:

Levin, Melinda (2002). "Video Review: The Case of Jonathan Pollard".

4098: 3510:

Cornell Law School, Legal Information Institute, U.S. Code Collection

2048: 1998: 1902: 1856: 684: 589: 354: 289: 242: 230: 194: 114: 88: 6979: 5866: 5553:"Ex-CIA chief Woolsey blames anti-semitism for detention of Pollard" 5346:"Speaker Quinn Sends Letter To Obama Requesting Him To Free Pollard" 1764:

acknowledged that the report characterized his position accurately.

6428:"US won't let Pollard move to Israel for five years, official says" 3315:"From disposable asset to national hero: The full Pollard spy saga" 2711:"The Jonathan Jay Pollard Spy Case – A Bullied Boy – Crime Library" 1371:, called on the Obama administration to grant clemency to Pollard: 1131: 956:

regarding access to the classified documents. They argued that the

7259: 6668:"Esther Pollard, wife of Israeli spy Jonathan Pollard, dies at 68" 6059:"The Jonathan Pollard Case: Burn After Reading" (August 1, 2015). 4964:"Congressional letter urges Obama to release spy Jonathan Pollard" 4320:"Obama: Iran more than a year away from developing nuclear weapon" 4146:"Israel to urge Obama to grant Pollard leave for father's funeral" 3543: 2714: 1949: 1265: 1250: 1151:

In 1993, political science professor and Orthodox Jewish activist

1130: 1038: 981: 800: 666: 553: 502: 312: 6947:"Jonathan Pollard, spy for Israel, to be subject of feature film" 6871:"Pollard: Israel Should've 'shut The Mouths Of Hostage Families'" 6719:"Jonathan Pollard attends Mercaz HaRav Jerusalem Day celebration" 6607:"Intelligence minister: Israel will pay Jonathan Pollard pension" 3476:"Full list of Trump's last-minute pardons and commuted sentences" 4942:"Congressmen Call to Free Pollard – Politics & Gov't – News" 3687:"Pollard's ex-wife: I still don't understand why he divorced me" 3440: 2379:"After 30 Years, Jonathan Pollard Released From American Prison" 996: 985: 6454:

Jonathan Pollard to be released November 20 following US ruling

5074:"Exclusive: George Shultz calls for Jonathan Pollard's release" 3238:"Ex-Mossad Handler Blames Pollard for Bungling '85 Escape Plan" 612:

After Pollard's release, the former deputy chief of the Mossad

3821:"Who is Esther Pollard and Why Does She Misrepresent Herself?" 3185:"The Jonathan Jay Pollard Espionage Case: A Damage Assessment" 2343: 2341: 2284:"Donald Rumsfeld: U.S. shouldn't release spy Jonathan Pollard" 1326:, who allegedly blamed Pollard to clear himself of suspicion. 6498:

JewishPress.com (August 12, 2016), retrieved August 12, 2016.

2839:"Sumner Shapiro, Long-Serving Director of Naval Intelligence" 1665:, although officials interviewed by investigative journalist 720:

During the morning of January 20, 2021, the last half-day of

6820:"Jonathan Pollard, ex-spy for Israel, engaged to be married" 2001:, a neighborhood in East Jerusalem, is named after Pollard. 1912:

Pollard refused an offer to campaign for the Knesset on the

1847:

December 30, 2020, on a private jet owned by US billionaire

1181:, they were adamantly opposed to letting Pollard go, as was 540:

spy, Sella would have to pay careful attention to his work.

217:

In 1984, Pollard sold numerous state secrets, including the

5583:"Intel analyst offers expert testimony to Obama on Pollard" 4696:"Messaging Bush, Jerusalem renames city square for Pollard" 1755:

In September 2011, according to one report, Vice President

307:

At an early age, Pollard became aware of the horrific toll

6555:"Judges reject Pollard appeal to ease parole restrictions" 2101:(1926-2019) — Israeli politician and intelligence officer. 991:

In 1990, Israel reportedly considered offering to release

932:

U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit

311:

had taken on his mother's family, the Kleins (Kahns) from

6795:"Mazal Tov! Jonathan Pollard Is Engaged To A Mother Of 7" 6465:

Jonathan Pollard loses his job due to parole conditions.

5122:. Young Israel of Tampa Florida. May 2012. Archived from 2753:

A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century

519:. At the time, Sella was on leave from his position as a 5867:"Jailed For 23 Years, An Old Spy Asks For a Fresh Start" 3576:"How a spy was caught and why he still stands to profit" 3395:"Trump pardons Israeli officer who enlisted spy Pollard" 3357:"U.S. Jurors Indict An Israeli Officer On Spying Counts" 1729:, directed the Pollard investigation. In his 2006 book, 1059:

In June 2011, 70 members of the Israeli parliament, the

225:, pleaded guilty to spying for and providing top-secret 4353:. United States: Department of State. February 22, 2013 4171:"Israelis decry US refusal to let spy see dying father" 3103: 511:

Soon after Pollard began working at NIC/TF-168, he met

245:

were many active and retired U.S. officials, including

6387:

Pollard's lawyers say they'll appeal terms of parole.

5948:"Peres to Obama: Release Israeli spy Jonathan Pollard" 4497:

What to know about Jonathan Pollard's upcoming release

4345:"7. Loss and restoration of United States citizenship" 4241:"Israel To Grant Citizenship To Convicted Spy Pollard" 3635:"CIA: Pollard's life sentence due to 'Post' interview" 3211:"PM asks for Pollard's release as part of freeze deal" 2904:"Secrets, Lies and Atomic Spies, Jonathan Jay Pollard" 2315:

Best, Jr., Richard A.; Clyde Mark (January 31, 2001).

1821:

During March 2017, Pollard's attorneys petitioned the

5379:"US Congressman asks to speak to House about Pollard" 4657: 4655: 4653: 4266:"Israel Changes Position, Will Grant Spy Citizenship" 3915:"Pollards, hostages part of spy swap with US, Israel" 2780:"Jonathan Pollard's ex-wife trying to build new life" 1823:

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

1098:, there are no peacetime regulations in effect under 1086:

Pollard applied for Israeli citizenship in 1995; the

860:

in Virginia, where he had been held since 1986, to a

6845:"WATCH: Former Israeli spy Jonathan Pollard married" 4633:"Young Israel Pres: America Hypocritical on Pollard" 2549:"U.S. talks with Israel on Jonathan Pollard release" 1926:

On November 23, 2023, Pollard posted on X (formerly

7084:"Pollard Play Moves Knesset Members - Jewish World" 6350:"Jonathan Pollard: Israel's Betrayal Is Continuing" 6225:

Intelligencer: Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies

4809:"Ex-Rep. Lee Hamilton appeals to Obama for Pollard" 4784:"Congressman who 'saved Pollard' pleads with Obama" 4399:"Convicted spy Jonathan Pollard welcomed in Israel" 1127:

Official reactions and public pro-Pollard campaigns

186: 172: 158: 128: 120: 105: 95: 79: 50: 34: 7168: 6921:"Case of Divided Loyalty Still Divides the Public" 5973:"Jonathan Pollard Enters 29th Year in U.S. Prison" 5842:"Bush Trip Revives Israeli Push for Pardon of Spy" 5506:"It's Time to Commute Jonathan Pollard's Sentence" 5479:"18 ex-senators issue plea to Obama: Free Pollard" 4427:, JonathanPollard.org, Retrieved October 19, 2008. 3897:"New Pollard Petition Filed in U.S. Supreme Court" 2324:Congressional Research Service Report for Congress 1798:announced that the president would not intervene. 6538:"Pollard Pleads Against Strict Parole Conditions" 5432:"If Lockerbie bomber was freed, why not Pollard?" 4988:. Justice for Jonathan Pollard. November 18, 2010 3521:"Pollard: Not A Bumbler, But Israel's Master Spy" 3474:Talmazan, Yuliya; Elbaum, Rachel; Mhaidli, Sara. 1033:, and the United States would then free Pollard. 980:, and the USSR would exercise its influence with 762:examinations, and interviews with FBI agents and 268:Since relocating to Israel, Pollard has endorsed 7439:People convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 7280:National Security Achieve declassified documents 7247:Gideon's Spies: The Secret History of the Mossad 5767:"Former CIA Chief Changes Tune on Pollard Story" 5761: 5759: 5712:"US intelligence expert: Pollard wrongly blamed" 5457:"18 ex-senators make plea for Pollard's release" 5168:"Kissinger asks Obama to release spy for Israel" 5032:. Justice for Jonathan Pollard. February 6, 2011 4056:"Israel Lifts Secrecy Veil From Spy Convictions" 3544:"Does Jonathan Pollard Deserve a Life Sentence?" 3276:Gideon's Spies: The secret history of the Mossad 1625:During late March 2014, U.S. Secretary of State 1349:Committee Dennis DeConcini, favor his release". 7242:Henderson is the father of Pollard's wife, Anne 6496:"Court Rejects Pollard Appeal of Parole Terms". 6146:"The Lies That Just Won't Die | Jewish Culture" 5187:"Pollard's life sentence doesn't fit the crime" 3983: 3981: 3448:Stimson, Brie; Dorman, Sam (January 20, 2021). 2594: 2592: 2256:"How former CIA chief foiled Pollard's release" 2228:"Why Jonathan Pollard spent 30 years in prison" 2034:In 2012, SHI 360 released the song "Yonathan". 1722:Jewish people, it bothers the hell out of me." 1714: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1221: 345:After completing high school, Pollard attended 7374:American people convicted of spying for Israel 5894:"Israelis Float Settlement Deal Involving Spy" 5279:. Justice for Jonathan Pollard. March 30, 2011 5257:"Arlen Spector says Obama should free Pollard" 5120:"Jonathan Pollard – Letter to President Obama" 2168: 2166: 2008:added Pollard's portrait to his collection of 1367:, former Assistant Secretary of Defense under 1155:organized an unsuccessful appeal to President 6203:"Mr. President: Do Not Free Jonathan Pollard" 6055: 6053: 5100:. Justice for Jonathan Pollard. March 3, 2011 4837:. Jta.org. September 23, 2010. Archived from 4601:"Top US Officials: Free Jonathan Pollard Now" 4511:"Netanyahu-Barak tiff over Pollard continues" 3950:Historical dictionary of Israeli intelligence 8: 7459:American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent 6528:(March 20, 2016), retrieved August 12, 2016. 6478:Morello C and Eglash R (November 20, 2015). 5411:. Justice for Jonathan Pollard. June 5, 2011 4582: 4580: 3098: 3096: 2832: 2830: 1678:Four former directors of Naval Intelligence— 1648:, and former U.S. National Security Advisor 1218:by the United States intelligence agencies. 296:, where his father Morris, an award-winning 210:(born August 7, 1954) is an American former 134:Elaine Zeitz (aka Esther Pollard) (deceased) 7464:Israeli people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent 6523:Netanyahu stymies funding Pollard for life. 6298:"Pollard's Bureau of Prisons (BOP) profile" 5790: 5788: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4491: 4489: 4214:"Israel Grants Citizenship to American Spy" 972:Israeli efforts to secure Pollard's release 745:had endorsed Sella's request for clemency. 6544:(March 2, 2017), retrieved April 26, 2017. 6383: 6381: 6368:"For First Time, Pollard May Surf the Web" 4966:. World Jewish Congress. November 19, 2010 3150: 3148: 3044:"Why Jonathan Pollard is Still in Prison?" 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 1644:, former Assistant U.S. Defense Secretary 1483:According to American intelligence expert 1403:) to publicly advocate Pollard's release. 1232:in a letter sent to President Barack Obama 1135:This sign reads "We Want Pollard at Home". 433:, but no polygraph test. In addition to a 419:Navy Field Operational Intelligence Office 31: 7454:Israeli people of American-Jewish descent 6919:Collins-Hughes, Laura (August 10, 2014). 4944:. Israel National News. November 19, 2010 4024:"Giving aid, comfort to Pollard fan club" 3849:Pollard's ex-wife: I'm starved for food. 3355:Werner, Leslie Maitland (March 4, 1987). 3179: 3177: 1997:, an Israeli-owned apartment building in 1909:mandates that Amalekites must be killed. 1569:. A request that Pollard be designated a 1216:revelations of spying against U.S. allies 770:Three weeks before Pollard's sentencing, 552:, a long-time spy who at the time headed 323:, he asked his parents to visit the Nazi 27:US intelligence analyst and convicted spy 5918:Sobelman, Batsheva (December 22, 2010). 5212:"Justice demands the release of Pollard" 3754:"Esther Pollard continues hunger strike" 3574:Goulden, Joseph C. (December 24, 2006). 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 2372: 2370: 2186:"Israel apologizes for Pollard spy plot" 2136: 2134: 1920:, saying that he had "suffered enough". 6452:Jerusalem Post Staff, (July 28, 2015). 6144:Weissman, Avraham (December 13, 2020). 6077:"Release Pollard At the Nation's Peril" 6010:"Top Israeli judge to US: free Pollard" 5892:Kershner, Isabel (September 21, 2010). 5533:. The Jerusalem Post. November 10, 2013 4905:"Israeli Found Spy's Data Irresistible" 4884:"Israeli Found Spy's Data Irresistible" 4456:", Martin Patience (January 15, 2008), 3617: 3615: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3328: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2405:Barnes, Julian E. (November 20, 2020). 2132: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2110: 1897:enemies of Israel, and referred to the 7034:"Pollard – Israeli Dramatists Website" 5051:Benhorin, Yitzhak (January 12, 2011). 4675:from the original on December 12, 2021 4663:"Should Jonathan Pollard be released?" 4613:from the original on December 12, 2021 4540:Myers, Steven Lee (October 24, 1998). 3313:Shiffer, Shimon (September 14, 2015). 3006: 3004: 3002: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2431: 2429: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2254:Benhorin, Yitzhak (February 5, 2007). 429:was required to receive the necessary 214:who was jailed for spying for Israel. 7249:(2012 edition). Macmillan Publishers 6744:"Ask the Expert: Blotting out Amalek" 6256:Natasha Mozgovaya (October 6, 2011). 6237:Cooper, Helene (September 30, 2011). 5644:Foundation for Defense of Democracies 5010:. The Yeshiva World. February 6, 2011 4499:JTA.org, retrieved December 14, 2015. 4318:Carter, Chelsea J. (March 14, 2013). 4195:Mitch Gisnburg, (November 30, 2014). 3990:"The spy who's been left in the cold" 3863:United States v. Jonathan Jay Pollard 3726:"Israeli ambassador to visit Pollard" 2837:Bernstein, Adam (November 16, 2006). 2523:"Jonathan Pollard: 10 things to know" 2221: 2219: 2217: 1044:During campaigning leading up to the 737:, United States Ambassador to Israel 439:'Sensitive Compartmented Information' 276:to relocate Gaza's Arabs to Ireland. 7: 6945:Langeroodi, Marnie (July 29, 2015). 5840:Finer, Jonathan (January 15, 2008). 5320:"My Winners and Losers of 2012 List" 5072:Rubin, Jennifer (January 11, 2011). 5053:"Shultz urges Obama to free Pollard" 4698:. Jerusalem Newswire. Archived from 4694:Goodenough, Stan (January 8, 2008). 4454:Spy case still makes waves in Israel 4173:. AFP. June 19, 2011. Archived from 1727:Naval Criminal Investigative Service 560:Naval Criminal Investigative Service 7276:– Federation of American Scientists 6401:DeYoung, Karen (November 9, 2015). 5975:. The Algemeiner. November 21, 2013 5354:. December 26, 2012. Archived from 5185:Korb, Lawrence (November 1, 2010). 4720: 4509:Tsur, Batsheva (January 21, 1999). 4099:"Satellite News and latest stories" 3706:. Jonathanpollard.org. May 25, 1994 3019: 2981: 2739: 2668: 2656: 2626:"The Jonathan Jay Pollard Spy Case" 2584:The spy who's been left in the cold 2377:Ris, Jonathan (November 20, 2015). 2141:Hersh, Seymour (January 18, 1999). 1965:Pollard's story inspired the movie 1930:) that Israel should have arrested 6898:Fink, Rachel (February 25, 2024). 5255:Hoffman, Gil (February 22, 2011). 5230:"Dan Quayle urges Pollard release" 4903:Erlanger, Steven (March 3, 2006). 4733:Ron Friedman (December 14, 2012). 4397:Axelrod, Tal (December 30, 2020). 4130:"Lawyer lambasts Pollard report", 3805:. December 8, 1996. Archived from 3435:. January 20, 2021. Archived from 3409:. January 20, 2021. Archived from 3209:Hoffman, Gil (November 21, 2010). 3129:"Espionage Spying Between Friends" 2778:Katz, Leslie (February 26, 1999). 2495:Fink, Rachel (February 25, 2024). 884:to be his personal rabbi. Israeli 665:, and embassy secretary Irit Erb. 458:South African intelligence service 132:Anne Henderson Pollard (divorced) 25: 7434:People paroled from life sentence 6105: 6016:. October 5, 2014. Archived from 5750: 5148:. Vos Iz Neias?. February 7, 2011 4882:Steven Erlanger (March 3, 2006). 4835:"Four Dems urge Pollard clemency" 4480: 3621: 3606: 3380: 3342: 3155:Oren, Amir (September 21, 2006). 2993: 2947: 2928: 2881: 2869: 2821: 2696: 2547:FEDERMAN, MATTHEW LEE and JOSEF. 2521:McCalmont, Lucy (April 2, 2014). 2172: 1918:2022 Israeli legislative election 1096:United States Department of State 874:Butner Federal Correction Complex 789:Palestine Liberation Organization 410:in which he admitted to prolific 349:, where he completed a degree in 284:Jonathan Jay Pollard was born in 7399:Espionage scandals and incidents 7287:. Declassified December 14, 2012 7059:"Pollard play put on at Knesset" 7005:Levi, Sarah (December 2, 2015). 6118:Olive, Ron (November 20, 2006). 5728:. Knesset.gov.il. Archived from 5236:. Jweekly.com. February 11, 2011 4495:Kampeas R (November 16, 2015). 4239:Borg, Gary (November 22, 1995). 3439:on January 20, 2021 – via 3137:. March 16, 1987. Archived from 1932:the families of Israeli hostages 42: 7429:People from South Bend, Indiana 6175:"The National Security Archive" 5504:Woolsey, James (July 5, 2012). 5377:Hoffman, Gil (August 3, 2011). 4761:"The Facts of the Pollard Case" 4437:"Why Jonathan Pollard got life" 4054:Haberman, Clyde (May 4, 1995). 2226:Black, Edwin (August 2, 2015). 1916:party's electoral slate in the 1775:United States Parole Commission 1575:High Court of Justice of Israel 1048:, Netanyahu and his challenger 1031:dissolution of the Soviet Union 357:, to have attained the rank of 148: 7469:Israel–United States relations 7414:Naturalized citizens of Israel 7394:Espionage in the United States 7226:Henderson, Bernard R. (1988). 7196:. New York: Prometheus Books. 7175:. New York: Harper & Row. 6513:, retrieved November 12, 2015. 6469:, retrieved November 23, 2015. 6391:, retrieved November 23, 2015. 6083:. p. A.23. Archived from 5640:"Pollard Defenders Vindicated" 5559:. July 6, 2012. Archived from 4782:Hoffman, Gil (March 1, 2011). 4763:. Justice for Jonathan Pollard 3542:Black, Edwin (June 20, 2002). 2709:Noe, Denise (August 7, 1954). 2349:"Israel admits it spied on US" 1491:Official requests for clemency 722:Donald Trump's U.S. Presidency 1: 6793:Sarare (September 14, 2022). 6486:. retrieved February 1, 2016. 5946:Barak Ravid (April 9, 2012). 5430:Hoffman, Gil (June 5, 2011). 4425:The Facts of the Pollard Case 4144:Barak Ravid (June 19, 2011). 1618:2013, Jewish Agency chairman 1442:, published on July 5, 2012, 1436:In a letter to the editor of 1228:— Former US Attorney General 1046:1999 Israeli general election 1013:renounce his U.S. citizenship 880:. In May 1991, Pollard asked 523:to gain a master's degree in 414:usage between 1974 and 1978. 336:Weizmann Institute of Science 7424:People from Galveston, Texas 7364:American emigrants to Israel 6065:, retrieved August 10, 2015. 4439:. David Zwiebel (June 1997) 3994:The Washington Post Magazine 3988:Perl, Peter (July 5, 1998). 2963:. Pbs.org. November 18, 1985 2605:Berman Jewish Policy Archive 2599:Avi Weiss (April 30, 1993). 2282:Gass, Nick (July 27, 2015). 1905:". In Jewish tradition, the 1480:endorsed releasing Pollard. 1337:Former White House Counsel, 856:Pollard was then moved from 837:Sentencing and incarceration 437:clearance, a more stringent 7210:Goldenberg, Elliot (1993). 7190:Goldenberg, Elliot (2000). 3853:, retrieved March 18, 2016. 3704:"Pollard Married In Prison" 1957:portrait of Pollard at the 1863:agents. In accordance with 1605:. Bush did not pardon him. 1544:Central Intelligence Agency 1246:memorandum of understanding 954:United States Supreme Court 799:; specific capabilities of 404:Central Intelligence Agency 7495: 7449:Stanford University alumni 7265:All about Jonathan Pollard 7260:Jonathan Pollard's Website 5999:. Retrieved April 1, 2014. 3865:, 747 F. Supp. 797 (1990). 3788:. Retrieved July 24, 2015. 3256:"בלי נקיפות מצפון | עובדה" 2196:United Press International 1934:taken by Hamas during the 1761:Senate Judiciary Committee 1344:Former Secretary of State 515:, a combat veteran of the 7419:People from Dupont Circle 7230:. New York: Alpha Books. 7142:Olive, Ronald J. (2006). 6300:. Bop.gov. Archived from 6287:, retrieved July 30, 2015 5698:Christian Science Monitor 4293:Journal of Film and Video 4121:, September 4, 2009, p. 2 3731:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2571:newspapers.library.in.gov 2326:. The Library of Congress 2016:after Pollard's release. 1796:National Security Council 1759:—who was chairman of the 1281:In 2010, representatives 1244:, in violation of a 1983 590:No Foreign Access Allowed 527:as a graduate student at 319:, and shortly before his 201: 168: 41: 7228:Pollard: The Spy's Story 3925:United Feature Syndicate 3884:United States v. Pollard 3825:National Solutions Radio 3785:The Canadian Jewish News 3301:Pollard: The Spy's Story 3279:. St. Martin's Griffin. 1979:in which American actor 1005:University of Notre Dame 1003:During the 1990s former 302:University of Notre Dame 219:National Security Agency 193:with the possibility of 7315:"Pollard's 10,000 days" 7296:"Debt to Jewish people" 7245:Thomas, Gordon (1999). 7148:. Annapolis, Maryland: 5996:The Wall Street Journal 5510:The Wall Street Journal 5459:. JTA. November 7, 2011 3546:. History News Network. 3273:Thomas, Gordon (2012). 2751:Richelson, Jeffrey T.: 2601:"With Jonathan Pollard" 1874:Pollard was honored by 1439:The Wall Street Journal 1421:spied for its enemies. 971: 862:federal prison hospital 484:making false statements 162:Morris Pollard (father) 7384:Criminals from Indiana 7354:American Orthodox Jews 7167:Blitzer, Wolf (1989). 6227:, Winter/Spring, 2011. 6219:Bowman, M.E. 'Spike'. 5820:Jewish Virtual Library 4350:Foreign Affairs Manual 3079:Jewish Virtual Library 2984:, pp. 102–104, 247–248 2766:Pollard: A Spy's Story 2681:"Deaths in the family" 2023:(alternatively titled 2019:In 1995, a play named 1962: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1701: 1597:, former CIA director 1394:On February 16, 2011, 1387:Former Vice President 1378: 1225: 1204: 1187: 1136: 831: 791:(PLO) headquarters in 709:giving him command of 606:Radio-Signal Notations 582: 508: 373:as a child during the 253:, former CIA director 227:classified information 164:Molly Pollard (mother) 7285:CIA Damage Assessment 7150:Naval Institute Press 7007:"The Artist's Temple" 4865:"The ABC's of Spying" 4841:on September 28, 2010 4609:. February 22, 2012. 4441:Middle East Quarterly 4177:on September 24, 2015 3523:. Jonathanpollard.org 1975:) by French director 1953: 1464:not on the indictment 1373: 1309:Stephen Fain Williams 1199: 1170: 1166:Wye River peace talks 1134: 1074:and Defense Minister 826: 795:, which was used for 764:Department of Justice 586:Royal Australian Navy 577: 506: 363:Israel Defense Forces 7389:Criminals from Texas 7114:Israel National News 7088:Israel National News 6374:. November 23, 2015. 6201:(December 25, 2010) 6046:. November 20, 2014. 5797:(January 10, 1999). 5732:on February 19, 2009 5714:. November 28, 2010. 5700:. December 10, 2011. 4586:Dershowitz, Alan M. 4029:The Gettysburg Times 4022:(February 4, 1994). 3913:(December 1, 1988). 3886:, No. 90-3276 (D.C.) 3809:on November 7, 2011. 3693:. November 20, 2015. 3581:The Washington Times 2721:on December 17, 2013 2191:The Pittsburgh Press 2014:Mahane Yehuda Market 1959:Mahane Yehuda Market 1899:Biden administration 1891:U.S State Department 1842:Emigration to Israel 1573:was rejected by the 1540:Elliot L. Richardson 1536:James R. Schlesinger 1532:Caspar W. Weinberger 1504:Wye River Conference 1475:Speaker of the House 1088:Ministry of Interior 958:separation of powers 797:Operation Wooden Leg 598:Secretary of Defense 212:intelligence analyst 208:Jonathan Jay Pollard 138:Rivka Abrahams-Donin 113:analyst and spy for 55:Jonathan Jay Pollard 18:Jonathan Jay Pollard 6879:. November 23, 2023 6773:The Times of Israel 6698:The Times of Israel 6672:The Times of Israel 6586:The Times of Israel 6559:The Times of Israel 6484:The Washington Post 6432:The Times of Israel 6407:The Washington Post 6087:on January 31, 2013 5846:The Washington Post 5674:. December 20, 2012 5646:. December 20, 2012 5389:on October 24, 2012 5172:The Washington Post 5079:The Washington Post 4739:The Times of Israel 4671:. January 2, 2011. 4521:on October 21, 2012 4377:The Times of Israel 4272:. November 22, 1995 4220:. November 22, 1995 4201:The Times of Israel 4134:, September 3, 2009 4041:Google News Archive 3936:Google News Archive 3764:on October 26, 2012 3691:The Times of Israel 3488:on January 20, 2021 3460:on January 20, 2021 3413:on January 25, 2021 3403:The Washington Post 3262:. December 1, 2014. 2843:The Washington Post 2768:(1988) pp. 112–115. 2685:Notre Dame Magazine 2476:. December 30, 2020 2443:. December 30, 2020 2441:The Times of Israel 2233:The Times of Israel 2208:Google News Archive 1725:Ron Olive, retired 1454:Wall Street Journal 1253:, Iraqi and Syrian 1000:released in 1993.) 936:Stephen F. Williams 843:Aubrey Robinson Jr. 783:The Washington Post 529:New York University 475:The Washington Post 431:security clearances 388:Arlington, Virginia 347:Stanford University 329:the cause of Israel 294:South Bend, Indiana 274:population transfer 100:Stanford University 7404:Incarcerated spies 7369:American Kahanists 7359:American defectors 7063:The Jerusalem Post 7012:The Jerusalem Post 6986:. February 8, 2010 6925:The New York Times 6851:. October 20, 2022 6849:The Jerusalem Post 6824:The Jerusalem Post 6748:My Jewish Learning 6629:The Jerusalem Post 6611:The Jerusalem Post 6510:The Jerusalem Post 6328:The Jerusalem Post 6304:on January 2, 2011 6243:The New York Times 6124:The Jerusalem Post 6120:"I busted Pollard" 6020:on October 6, 2014 5898:The New York Times 5816:"Jonathan Pollard" 5485:. November 9, 2011 5483:The Jerusalem Post 5436:The Jerusalem Post 5262:The Jerusalem Post 5191:The Jerusalem Post 4909:The New York Times 4889:The New York Times 4869:The New York Times 4863:(March 14, 1999). 4788:The Jerusalem Post 4546:The New York Times 4470:The Jerusalem Post 4218:The New York Times 4132:The Jerusalem Post 4118:The Jerusalem Post 4060:The New York Times 3639:The Jerusalem Post 3588:on January 2, 2007 3361:The New York Times 3216:The Jerusalem Post 3074:"Jonathan Pollard" 3054:on January 7, 2006 2805:Henderson, p. 116. 2553:South Bend Tribune 2412:The New York Times 2037:In the 1994 novel 1963: 1946:In popular culture 1876:Mayor of Jerusalem 1635:Elyakim Rubinstein 1610:The New York Times 1552:Madeleine Albright 1508:Benjamin Netanyahu 1183:Madeleine Albright 1137: 1066:In November 2014, 908:Benjamin Netanyahu 822:Joseph E. diGenova 509: 451:Suitland, Maryland 7479:Jews from Indiana 7237:978-0-944392-00-3 7203:978-1-57392-854-0 7193:The Hunting Horse 7182:978-0-06-015972-6 7171:Territory of Lies 7159:978-1-59114-652-0 7116:. August 17, 2012 6799:The Yeshiva World 6456:. Jerusalem Post. 6179:nsarchive.gwu.edu 5925:Los Angeles Times 5873:. January 2, 2009 5620:on March 31, 2014 5326:on April 21, 2014 5126:on March 18, 2017 4074:"NewsLibrary.com" 3948:Kahana, Ephraim: 3831:on March 27, 2016 3758:HighBeam Research 3674:, July 15, 2010; 3660:Territory of Lies 3441:National Archives 3141:on April 8, 2008. 3042:(June 29, 2002). 2586:, Washington Post 2077:Steven John Lalas 2045:Frederick Forsyth 2027:) debuted at the 1985:The Law of Return 1633:In October 2014, 1560:The Missing Peace 1528:Richard B. Cheney 1524:Frank C. Carlucci 1506:in 1998, Premier 1305:Caspar Weinberger 1105:§ 1481(a)(6) 1009:Theodore Hesburgh 930:. A panel of the 889:Mordechai Eliyahu 870:FCI Butner Medium 851:Caspar Weinberger 679:of South Africa, 601:Caspar Weinberger 517:Israeli Air Force 351:political science 205: 204: 191:Life imprisonment 16:(Redirected from 7486: 7330: 7328: 7326: 7321:. April 13, 2013 7310: 7308: 7306: 7241: 7207: 7186: 7174: 7163: 7130: 7129: 7123: 7121: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7095: 7090:. 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Archived from 5604: 5598: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5579: 5573: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5563:on April 7, 2014 5549: 5543: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5531:"Pollard's fate" 5527: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5475: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5453: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5385:. Archived from 5374: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5358:on April 7, 2014 5342: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5322:. Archived from 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5299:"Quinn's letter" 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5218:. July 17, 2012. 5208: 5202: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5182: 5176: 5175: 5174:. March 7, 2011. 5164: 5158: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5094: 5088: 5087: 5086:on May 13, 2011. 5082:. 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Archived from 3036: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3010:Olive, pp. 44–45 3008: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2957: 2951: 2945: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2915: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2867: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2834: 2825: 2819: 2806: 2803: 2797: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2775: 2769: 2762: 2756: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2717:. Archived from 2706: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2638:on April 3, 2014 2634:. Archived from 2622: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2611: 2596: 2587: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2535: 2533: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2492: 2486: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2466: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2433: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2374: 2365: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2345: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2321: 2312: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2223: 2212: 2211: 2205: 2203: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2151:. pp. 26–33 2138: 2093:Marcus Klingberg 1936:Israel–Hamas war 1907:613 commandments 1808:Dennis DeConcini 1792:Justice Minister 1680:William Studeman 1650:Robert McFarlane 1586:Condoleezza Rice 1571:Prisoner of Zion 1460:Angelo Codevilla 1401:Dennis DeConcini 1380:In the words of 1339:Bernard Nussbaum 1255:chemical weapons 1233: 1208:Malcolm Hoenlein 1110:Attorney General 1107: 978:Marcus Klingberg 774:, at the time a 656:science attachés 525:computer science 427:background check 300:, taught at the 288:, in 1954, to a 286:Galveston, Texas 272:and advocated a 187:Criminal penalty 177: 152: 150: 72:Galveston, Texas 68: 64: 62: 46: 36:Jonathan Pollard 32: 21: 7494: 7493: 7489: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7474:Jews from Texas 7334: 7333: 7324: 7322: 7313: 7304: 7302: 7290: 7256: 7238: 7225: 7204: 7189: 7183: 7166: 7160: 7141: 7138: 7133: 7119: 7117: 7108: 7107: 7103: 7093: 7091: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7067: 7065: 7057: 7056: 7052: 7042: 7040: 7038:dramaisrael.org 7032: 7031: 7027: 7017: 7015: 7004: 7003: 6999: 6989: 6987: 6978: 6977: 6973: 6963: 6961: 6944: 6943: 6939: 6929: 6927: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6897: 6896: 6892: 6882: 6880: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6854: 6852: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6818: 6817: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6767: 6766: 6762: 6752: 6750: 6742: 6741: 6737: 6727: 6725: 6717: 6716: 6712: 6702: 6700: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6676: 6674: 6666: 6665: 6661: 6651: 6649: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6623: 6622: 6618: 6605: 6604: 6600: 6590: 6588: 6579: 6578: 6574: 6564: 6562: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6536: 6532: 6521: 6517: 6506: 6502: 6494: 6490: 6477: 6473: 6464: 6460: 6451: 6447: 6437: 6435: 6434:. 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Gates 4859: 4858: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4818: 4816: 4815:. March 2, 2011 4807: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4790: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4766: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4744: 4742: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4719: 4715: 4705: 4703: 4702:on May 11, 2008 4693: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4661: 4660: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4631: 4630: 4626: 4616: 4614: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4585: 4578: 4570:Clinton, Bill. 4569: 4560: 4550: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4524: 4522: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4494: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4467: 4463: 4451: 4447: 4435: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4396: 4395: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4317: 4316: 4312: 4299:(2/3): 98–100. 4290: 4289: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4245:Chicago Tribune 4238: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4169: 4168: 4164: 4154: 4152: 4143: 4142: 4138: 4129: 4125: 4114: 4110: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4053: 4052: 4048: 4034: 4032: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4003: 4001: 3987: 3986: 3979: 3964:(May 9, 2007). 3960: 3959: 3955: 3947: 3943: 3929: 3927: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3861: 3857: 3848: 3844: 3834: 3832: 3819: 3818: 3814: 3797: 3796: 3792: 3781: 3777: 3767: 3765: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3724: 3723: 3719: 3709: 3707: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3685: 3681: 3670: 3666: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3633: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3573: 3572: 3568: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3506: 3502: 3491: 3489: 3473: 3471: 3463: 3461: 3447: 3445: 3425: 3423: 3416: 3414: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3379: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3341: 3326: 3312: 3311: 3307: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3221: 3219: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3175: 3165: 3163: 3154: 3153: 3146: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3102: 3101: 3094: 3084: 3082: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3038: 3037: 3026: 3018: 3014: 3009: 3000: 2992: 2988: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2946: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2913: 2911: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2880: 2876: 2868: 2857: 2847: 2845: 2836: 2835: 2828: 2820: 2809: 2804: 2800: 2790: 2788: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2763: 2759: 2750: 2746: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2679: 2675: 2667: 2663: 2655: 2651: 2641: 2639: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2609: 2607: 2598: 2597: 2590: 2582: 2578: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2546: 2545: 2541: 2531: 2529: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2479: 2477: 2468: 2467: 2456: 2446: 2444: 2435: 2434: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2389: 2387: 2376: 2375: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2347: 2346: 2339: 2329: 2327: 2319: 2314: 2313: 2304: 2294: 2292: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2266: 2264: 2253: 2252: 2248: 2238: 2236: 2225: 2224: 2215: 2201: 2199: 2198:. March 6, 1987 2184: 2183: 2179: 2171: 2164: 2154: 2152: 2140: 2139: 2112: 2108: 2061: 2040:The Fist of God 2025:Pollard's Trial 2010:spray paint art 1948: 1849:Sheldon Adelson 1844: 1770: 1658: 1620:Natan Sharansky 1548:George J. Tenet 1520:Melvin R. Laird 1516:Donald Rumsfeld 1493: 1468:Weekly Standard 1416:In August 2011 1411:Christine Quinn 1354:Henry Kissinger 1235: 1230:Michael Mukasey 1227: 1190:Alan Dershowitz 1129: 1108:to empower the 1099: 1084: 1022:Chicago Tribune 974: 921: 868:and in 1993 to 839: 751: 728:announced that 711:Tel Nof Airbase 676: 630:matters in the 623: 501: 400: 282: 270:Itamar Ben-Gvir 247:Donald Rumsfeld 173: 163: 154: 151: 2022) 146: 142: 139: 135: 133: 121:Criminal status 96:Alma mater 87: 75: 69: 66: 60: 58: 57: 56: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7492: 7490: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7379:Baalei teshuva 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7336: 7335: 7332: 7331: 7311: 7288: 7282: 7277: 7271: 7262: 7255: 7254:External links 7252: 7251: 7250: 7243: 7236: 7223: 7220:978-1561712304 7208: 7202: 7187: 7181: 7164: 7158: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7101: 7075: 7050: 7025: 6997: 6971: 6937: 6911: 6890: 6862: 6836: 6811: 6785: 6760: 6735: 6710: 6692:Magid, Jacob. 6684: 6659: 6634: 6616: 6598: 6580:Magid, Jacob. 6572: 6561:. May 25, 2017 6546: 6542:Jerusalem Post 6530: 6526:Jerusalem Post 6515: 6500: 6488: 6471: 6458: 6445: 6419: 6393: 6377: 6359: 6341: 6315: 6289: 6274: 6248: 6229: 6212: 6199:Peretz, Martin 6191: 6166: 6136: 6110: 6098: 6067: 6049: 6031: 6001: 5986: 5964: 5938: 5910: 5884: 5858: 5832: 5807: 5803:The New Yorker 5784: 5773:. May 18, 2007 5755: 5743: 5717: 5703: 5685: 5657: 5631: 5599: 5574: 5544: 5522: 5496: 5470: 5448: 5422: 5400: 5383:Jerusalem Post 5369: 5337: 5311: 5290: 5268: 5247: 5221: 5216:Jerusalem Post 5203: 5177: 5159: 5137: 5111: 5089: 5064: 5043: 5021: 4999: 4977: 4955: 4933: 4895: 4874: 4852: 4826: 4800: 4774: 4752: 4725: 4723:, pp. 166–171. 4713: 4686: 4649: 4624: 4592: 4590:. 1992, p. 291 4576: 4574:. 2005, p. 468 4558: 4532: 4515:Jerusalem Post 4501: 4485: 4473: 4461: 4445: 4429: 4417: 4389: 4364: 4336: 4310: 4283: 4257: 4231: 4205: 4188: 4162: 4136: 4123: 4108: 4090: 4065: 4046: 4011: 3977: 3962:Levey, Gregory 3953: 3941: 3911:Anderson, Jack 3902: 3888: 3876: 3867: 3855: 3842: 3812: 3790: 3775: 3745: 3717: 3695: 3679: 3664: 3662:(1989) p. 273. 3651: 3626: 3611: 3599: 3566: 3549: 3534: 3512: 3500: 3432:whitehouse.gov 3385: 3373: 3347: 3324: 3305: 3303:(1988) p. 111. 3292: 3286:978-0312552435 3285: 3265: 3247: 3229: 3201: 3190:. archives.gov 3173: 3144: 3120: 3092: 3065: 3024: 3012: 2998: 2986: 2974: 2952: 2933: 2921: 2910:. January 2002 2895: 2886: 2874: 2855: 2826: 2807: 2798: 2770: 2757: 2744: 2732: 2701: 2689: 2687:. Autumn 2011. 2673: 2661: 2649: 2617: 2588: 2576: 2558: 2539: 2513: 2487: 2454: 2425: 2397: 2366: 2355:. May 12, 1998 2353:news.bbc.co.uk 2337: 2302: 2274: 2246: 2213: 2177: 2162: 2148:The New Yorker 2109: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2080: 2074: 2071:Ben-Ami Kadish 2068: 2060: 2057: 2004:Street artist 1987:by playwright 1947: 1944: 1895:United Nations 1843: 1840: 1769: 1766: 1684:Sumner Shapiro 1672:The New Yorker 1657: 1654: 1567:George W. Bush 1492: 1489: 1301:Dennis B. Ross 1293:(D-N.Y.), and 1291:Anthony Weiner 1287:Edolphus Towns 1220: 1128: 1125: 1083: 1080: 973: 970: 920: 917: 878:North Carolina 858:FCC Petersburg 838: 835: 777:Jerusalem Post 750: 747: 743:Miriam Adelson 739:David Friedman 675: 672: 622: 619: 571:was revealed. 500: 497: 470:Sumner Shapiro 408:polygraph test 399: 396: 371:Czechoslovakia 298:microbiologist 281: 278: 203: 202: 199: 198: 197:after 30 years 188: 184: 183: 178: 170: 169: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 144: 140: 137: 136: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 107: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 91:(1995–present) 86:(1954–present) 81: 77: 76: 70: 65:August 7, 1954 54: 52: 48: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7491: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7409:Israeli spies 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7349:Living people 7347: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7289: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7269:Crime Library 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7248: 7244: 7239: 7233: 7229: 7224: 7221: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7199: 7195: 7194: 7188: 7184: 7178: 7173: 7172: 7165: 7161: 7155: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7140: 7139: 7135: 7128: 7115: 7111: 7105: 7102: 7089: 7085: 7079: 7076: 7064: 7060: 7054: 7051: 7039: 7035: 7029: 7026: 7014: 7013: 7008: 7001: 6998: 6985: 6981: 6975: 6972: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6941: 6938: 6926: 6922: 6915: 6912: 6907: 6906: 6901: 6894: 6891: 6878: 6877: 6872: 6866: 6863: 6850: 6846: 6840: 6837: 6829:September 15, 6825: 6821: 6815: 6812: 6804:September 14, 6800: 6796: 6789: 6786: 6774: 6770: 6764: 6761: 6749: 6745: 6739: 6736: 6724: 6720: 6714: 6711: 6699: 6695: 6688: 6685: 6673: 6669: 6663: 6660: 6648: 6644: 6638: 6635: 6630: 6626: 6620: 6617: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6599: 6587: 6583: 6576: 6573: 6560: 6556: 6550: 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5752: 5747: 5744: 5731: 5727: 5721: 5718: 5713: 5707: 5704: 5699: 5695: 5689: 5686: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5661: 5658: 5645: 5641: 5635: 5632: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5609: 5603: 5600: 5588: 5584: 5578: 5575: 5562: 5558: 5557:World Tribune 5554: 5548: 5545: 5532: 5526: 5523: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5497: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5471: 5458: 5452: 5449: 5437: 5433: 5426: 5423: 5410: 5404: 5401: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5373: 5370: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5341: 5338: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5312: 5300: 5294: 5291: 5278: 5272: 5269: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5251: 5248: 5235: 5231: 5225: 5222: 5217: 5213: 5207: 5204: 5192: 5188: 5181: 5178: 5173: 5169: 5163: 5160: 5147: 5141: 5138: 5125: 5121: 5115: 5112: 5099: 5093: 5090: 5085: 5081: 5080: 5075: 5068: 5065: 5060: 5059: 5054: 5047: 5044: 5031: 5025: 5022: 5009: 5003: 5000: 4987: 4981: 4978: 4965: 4959: 4956: 4943: 4937: 4934: 4930: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4896: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4878: 4875: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4853: 4840: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4814: 4813:JewishJournal 4810: 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3937: 3926: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3877: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3816: 3813: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3786: 3779: 3776: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3721: 3718: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3603: 3600: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3545: 3538: 3535: 3522: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3501: 3487: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3374: 3362: 3358: 3351: 3348: 3345:, pp. 198–201 3344: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3316: 3309: 3306: 3302: 3296: 3293: 3288: 3282: 3278: 3277: 3269: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3233: 3230: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3205: 3202: 3186: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3162: 3158: 3151: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3109: 3105: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3013: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2978: 2975: 2962: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2922: 2914:September 18, 2909: 2905: 2899: 2896: 2893:Thomas, p. 83 2890: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2787: 2786: 2781: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2733: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2631:Crime Library 2627: 2621: 2618: 2606: 2602: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2543: 2540: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2514: 2502: 2498: 2491: 2488: 2475: 2471: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2414: 2413: 2408: 2401: 2398: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2373: 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