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Darwin to Dr. Johnstone in
Birmingham dated 1788 exists seeking such evidence and trying to accuse Withering of Quackery – the worst insult that could be used at that time. The letter is in the Osler Withering bequest at the Royal Society of Medicine in London. Darwin wrote two further similarly toned letters to Matthew Boulton in 1789. They all failed. The reason for the disagreement with Stokes is unclear and is probably down to lack of a formal arrangement between them. Stokes also failed to return around 150 of Withering's books (valuable property then). Withering had to reclaim these through legal action. When returned, all of the books had been damaged by having plates removed. Withering's letter listing the volumes – some were around 100 years old then – is in the Osler Withering bequest at the Royal Society of Medicine in London. Withering was protective of his reputation and having already to deal with the malice of Erasmus Darwin may have become over-defensive as a reaction. Stokes' contributions to Withering's work was significant but it is now impossible to know whether his claim to be considered as a joint/co-author was justified.
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Similarly, Withering did not "fall out" with
Erasmus Darwin. Erasmus Darwin tried in an underhand way to claim precedence in identifying the medical use of Digitalis. He failed and could not tolerate Withering's success and so set out to deliberately destroy Withering's reputation. A letter from
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Schofield, Robert E. (1963). "The Lunar
Society of Birmingham: A Social History of Provincial Science and Industry in Eighteenth-Century England". Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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A Botanical
Materia Medica: Consisting of the Generic and Specific Characters of the Plants Used in Medicine and Diet, with Synonyms, and References to Medical Authors
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Stokes collaborated with
Withering on all editions up to the third volume of the second edition (1792) of Withering's standard botanical text,
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Goldthorp, W. O. (2009). "Medical
Classics: An Account of the Foxglove and Some of its Medicinal Uses by William Withering, published 1785".
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William
Withering and the Foxglove: A Bicentennial Selection of Letters from the Osler Bequest to the Royal Society of Medicine
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In 1790 Stokes was elected as one of the inaugural 16 associates of the newly founded
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The
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to Withering and became a member with him of the Lunar Society from 1783 to 1788.
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The full text of this letter is included in Mann (1985) on page 8.
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Jenny Uglow, ‘Lunar Society of Birmingham (act. c.1765–c.1800)’,
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The Lunar Men: Five Friends Whose Curiosity Changed the World
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in 1778, qualifying as MD in 1782. He practised medicine in
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An Account of the Foxglove and its Medical Uses 1785-1985
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Jeffrey K. Aronson, ‘Withering, William (1741–1799)’,
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For the film director, screenwriter and producer, see
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