910:
792:
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374:
210:
476:. At the age of 31, he was the third youngest member of the council. Residing in Vilnius, Vailokaitis attended council's meetings and participated in various commissions. He was more vocal on economic matters. For example, he suggested that the Council of Lithuania take out a loan of 10 million rubles, protested German military requisitions, and opposed making commitments to Germany regarding custom duties in the
710:
communications (was its chairman in 1929), taxes, banks and was chairman of a committee that promoted the industrial development in
Lithuania. The committee had to explain that industry and not agriculture was the future. It organized lectures, published brochures, and lobbied for including a class on economy and industry in schools. In 1933, Vailokaitis attended the 2nd Economic Conference of
28:
528:. Initially, it was a clone of the pre-war Žagrė cooperative: it sought to improve farmer's economic conditions by providing agricultural equipment and fertilizer. The founding meeting took place on 28–29 December 1919. Juozas was elected to the association's board while Jonas to the revision commission.
508:
Kaunas. Vailokaitis continued to participate in the meetings of the
Council of Lithuania, mostly on matters concerning finance, currency, and other economic matters. On 23 July 1919, Vailokaitis supervised a prisoner exchange with the Soviet Russia. His brother Juozas was among the 16 freed Lithuanians.
507:
in July 1918, Vailokaitis abstained. He supported monarchy in principle, but thought that the times were too uncertain to make such choices. After July, Vailokaitis did not attend council's sessions until
November 1918. After that, he attended the meetings irregularly. In early 1919, he evacuated to
709:
Vailokaitis was a member of the
Lithuanian Chamber of Commerce and Industry from its establishment in 1925 to liquidation in 1940. At first, he worked in the section dealing with Lithuanian trade with England and Germany (largest export partners of Lithuania). He later worked in the commissions on
614:
near a railway and a peatbog (which provided fuel), was the largest producer of bricks and tiles in
Lithuania. Around 1920–1922, the brothers purchased a metalworking factory from brothers Schmidt (originally established in 1879). The factory produced agricultural machines and tools, chains, wire,
837:
Brothers
Vailokaitis were widely regarded as the richest men in interwar Lithuania. The name Vailokaitis became synonymous with a rich person. As such, he was subject to various rumors and accusations. Vailokaitis was accused of taking cheap loans from the Bank of Lithuania and then reloaning the
701:
by donating a 16-hectare (40-acre) plot of land for the construction of the
Physics and Chemistry Institute in 1925. Vailokaitis also donated to other charitable causes, including providing scholarships to about 200 Lithuanian students via Ūkio bankas. In April 1927, Vailokaitis became one of the
432:
policies that called for land ownership by
Russians. The company also accepted deposits and paid 4.5% to 5% interest, but it was not officially registered as a bank or a credit union. The company also purchased and sold land as well as acted as a broker. In 1913, the company's capital was 115,000
598:
in interwar
Lithuania. Brothers Vailokaitis consolidated their ownership stake and eventually owned 98% of the bank. Thus, it was informally known as the Vailokaitis Bank. According to bank employee Jonas Sakas-Sakevičius, the bank was able to trade U.S. dollars and German marks in the Berlin
665:
Vailokaitis brothers and their Ūkio bankas supported policies of the
Lithuanian government. In 1920 or 1921, the bank loaned the government money so that Lithuania did not have to sell its gold reserves. This loan was fiercely criticized by the political opposition, including
755:
399:. Established by Catholic priests and more educated farmers, it helped farmers to acquire cheaper fertilizers, seed, agricultural equipment as well as to sell their products at higher prices. It also educated farmers and planned to open an agricultural school in
783:, Great Britain enacted protectionist policies that limited imports. Nevertheless, Lithuania was able to conclude a trade agreement in July 1934. In December 1934, Vailokaitis was sent to London to discuss complaints about quantity and quality of traded goods.
266:
in interwar Lithuania. Using profits from the bank, Vailokaitis brothers established or bought several industrial enterprises, most successful of which were Palemonas (brickyard) and Metalas (metal factory). Vailokaitis was shareholder and vice-chairman of the
626:
was established in 1923 with the goal of constructing a modern and refrigerated meat processing plant, and exporting eggs and meat abroad. However, it suffered substantial losses and was nationalized in 1925. Vailokaitis brothers also experimented with
543:
and gained majority in the assembly. Vailokaitis became one of the leaders of the coalition (he was elected to its presidium). He was also selected as the chairman of the key Budged and Finance Committee. He supported the establishment of the
610:(food), Medis (lumber), Venta (lumber mill), Spėka (fish), Linas (flax), Eksimportas (import-export), Urmas (wholesale). The largest and most successful of these were Palemonas and Metalas. Palemonas, established in 1922 in a suburb of
410:. Meetings of cooperative members were often chaired by Vailokaitis' brother Juozas while Jonas was secretary. Vailokaitis was also involved in cultural life in Marijampolė. He was a member of an amateur theater troupe organized by
909:
685:
The Bank of Lithuania was organized as a joint stock company, and Vailokaitis brothers and their enterprises purchased stock worth US$ 28,000 (equivalent to $ 509,700 in 2023). They opposed proposals by Prime Minister
2361:
2157:
496:) resigned from the council in protest of the Act of 11 December, Vailokaitis was among the members who worked to bring them back. After intense negotiations, the four members returned and the council adopted the
460:
During World War I, Vailokatis kept a diary in which he registered German excesses against the Lithuanians. The Germans discovered this diary and briefly imprisoned Vailokaitis. He also became involved with the
173:
615:
nails, buckets, and other metal goods. It employed about 400 people and with the capital of 7.5 million litas (1938) was the largest private enterprise in interwar Lithuania. For a time, the factory employed
251:
in April 1920. In the assembly, he served as chairman of the budget and finance commissions. He resigned from the Constituent Assembly in March 1922, but continued to be influential in the ruling
861:
in 1990. The first monograph about his life was published by Vladas Terleckas in 2011 In 2015, a small street in Rokai (neighborhood of Kaunas) was named after him.. Two other small streets in
838:
money at much inflated interest to others, currency speculation, avoidance of taxes, using government funds to prop up his failing business ventures, etc. He was particularly slandered by the
2150:
893:(1895–1957) from Vilnius. After the wedding, the couple moved to Kaunas and Vailokaitienė left her photography career behind. They had four children (three daughters and a son). After the
772:
questioned the accuracy of such deal as statistics on the Lithuanian exports to the Soviet Union show much smaller quantities of metal good exports than the alleged 700,000 ruble order.
697:
in January 1923: he donated US$ 12,500 (equivalent to $ 223,500 in 2023) for the cause and pledged another $ 10,000 if needed. Vailokaitis also supported the newly established
223:
and established the Company of Brothers Vailokaitis which provided loans to Lithuanians who wanted to buy land. During World War I, the company sold supplies and food to both the
690:
to turn the Bank of Lithuania into a regular bank where the government would have no control or influence. Jonas Vailokaitis was bank's vice-chairman in 1922–1926 and 1928–1929.
2326:
2143:
2183:
275:. He was accused of conflict of interest, currency speculation, avoidance of taxes, etc. Vailokaitis supported various charitable causes, including financial backing for the
194:
428:
and established the Company of Brothers Vailokaitis. The main purpose of this company was to provide loans to Lithuanians who wanted to buy land. It was an effort to resist
603:(1922). By 1938, its assets grew to 60.1 million litas. The bank primarily lent to industrial enterprises and not trading companies, even though trade was more profitable.
820:
462:
646:
in 1930s. In late 1930s, Vailokaitis brothers wanted to build cooperative apartment buildings in Kaunas to address housing shortages. A few such houses were built in
760:, to win Vailokaitis' support, the Soviet Union placed a 700,000 ruble order from his Metalas factory. In turn, Vailokaitis promised to exert his influence on the
823:
in April 1942. Vailokaitis died in Blankenburg on 16 December 1944. An urn with his cremated remains was reburied next to his brother Juozas in the cemetery of
1367:
2336:
2026:
157:
2005:
2331:
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in which he expressed joy for the end of the bourgeois and start of the communist regimes. The poem was included in Lithuanian school curriculum until the
2346:
746:
928:
in Kaunas. The house had multiple apartments which were rented out to others. The house was nationalized by the Soviets in 1940 and transferred to the
606:
Using profits from the bank, Vailokaitis brothers established or bought several industrial enterprises, including Palemonas (brick), Metalas (metal),
870:
877:
in memory of brothers Vailokaitis. A stone monument was unveiled at their birthplace in June 2018. Another monument in their memory was erected in
842:. Its proclamations painted Vailokaitis as a corrupt leech stealing Lithuania's riches and as a foreign agent of France, Poland, or United States.
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800:
2125:
2081:
894:
723:
536:
369:
284:
252:
205:
108:
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in 1924. Reportedly they spent 50,000 litas to prove that sugar beet was a viable crop and that paved the way for the construction of the
1947:
1815:
971:
2356:
780:
2067:
Terleckas, Vladas (2013). "Jono Vailokaičio, signataro ir verslininko, veiklos bruožai". In Girininkienė, Vida; et al. (eds.).
532:
248:
616:
1862:
2175:
477:
240:
198:
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thus the company was run by Jonas Vailokaitis. When Vilnius was occupied by the Germans in 1915, the company sold grain to the
383:. It was a rather unusual choice for a Lithuanian as most Lithuanian students chose to become priests, doctors, or attorneys.
1930:
742:. However, intense internal opposition led to the collapse of the negotiations and resignation of Petrulis in September 1925.
2341:
2015:
815:
in Saxony-Anhalt. Vailokaitis continued to be active in the Lithuanian community. He assisted with the establishment of the
2051:
619:
as its technical director. Graičiūnas offered Vailokaitis to open a Ford factory in Lithuania, but the idea was rejected.
2271:
929:
641:
540:
890:
2351:
750:
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owed his position to Vailokaitis' influence. Further, Vailokaitis was interested in normalizing relationship with the
504:
118:
557:
1903:
839:
272:
956:
816:
670:, but a special revision commission found no improprieties. Ūkio bankas is also credited for helping stabilize
636:
1837:
365:
722:
According to a report by British consul G. W. Berry, Vailokaitis continued to have great influence among the
2261:
2236:
964:
761:
698:
591:
572:
525:
521:
489:
280:
259:
244:
104:
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to a family of affluent Lithuanian farmers. Little is known about the family's origins. His contemporaries
731:
517:
351:
140:
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481:
320:
937:
703:
687:
667:
441:
340:
339:(about 25 ha) to 130 morgens of land. Vailokaitis had three sisters and four brothers, including priest
328:
224:
186:
129:
2251:
2196:
975:
791:
576:
587:
411:
2321:
2316:
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2166:
711:
473:
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331:) later claimed that the family's surname was derived from a nickname which in turn was derived from
236:
228:
1988:
2256:
2226:
2191:
647:
563:
Vailokaitis resigned from the Constituent Assembly on 3 March 1922 and did not return to politics.
497:
948:
933:
812:
745:
Vailokaitis participated in the trade negotiations with the Soviet Union that followed after the
714:
in Chicago where he delivered a presentation of the Lithuanian Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
472:
which discussed Lithuania's political aspirations after the war. He was elected to the 20-member
469:
400:
356:
232:
190:
145:
77:
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created a 45-minute documentary about his life. The same year, two column shrines were built in
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305:
276:
48:
918:
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2104:
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2038:
2011:
1959:
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claimed that he had some Jewish ancestry. His niece Aldona Vailokaitytė (vice-champion of the
268:
824:
623:
607:
345:
271:. His wealth attracted substantial criticism from political opponents, particularly from the
134:
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776:
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671:
600:
549:
581:
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2216:
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1968:
858:
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263:
59:
405:
2231:
2068:
675:
560:
which would nationalize nobility's landholdings and distribute them to small farmers.
445:
396:
380:
216:
2310:
2221:
429:
324:
81:
978:
in 1790s. Vailokaitis started manor's modernization (built central heating system).
552:, austerity measures to deal with budget deficits, tax reform (reducing reliance on
898:
804:
765:
652:
553:
288:
85:
734:. Petrulis attempted to negotiate with Poland regarding the timber export via the
452:. The company was active until about summer 1920 when it merged into Ūkio bankas.
310:
53:
923:
764:
so that its members voted for the ratification of the Non-Aggression Pact in the
335:(felt shoes). The family was successful and managed to expand their farm from 45
735:
27:
2076:. Lietuvos valsčiai (in Lithuanian). Vol. II. Versmė. pp. 2218–2258.
917:
Around 1930, Vailokaitis family built a luxurious six-floor house by architect
1001:
628:
599:
exchange and make a profit of 15 million litas. Bank's capital was 15 million
2108:
2042:
1577:
1368:"Žmonės, kurie sukūrė Lietuvą: apie turtingiausią tarpukario Lietuvos žmogų"
874:
829:
632:
622:
Other enterprises (except for Urmas) were usually short lived. For example,
316:
182:
901:. By 1947, Vailokaitienė and the four children moved to the United States.
866:
531:
As a candidate of the Farmer's Association, Vailokaitis was elected to the
1008:(in Lithuanian). Kauno apskrities viešoji biblioteka (Ąžuolyno biblioteka)
1371:
952:
878:
364:
Little is known about Vailokaitis' education. It is believed he attended
1863:"Aleksandros ir Jono Vailokaičių namas – prabangos ir puošnumo pavyzdys"
436:
At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the company relocated to
2135:
944:
862:
819:
and organized aid to Lithuanian refugees. He was able to briefly visit
749:
was signed in September 1926. According to a diary of the Soviet envoy
437:
332:
1818:(in Lithuanian). Kauno prekybos, pramonės ir amatų rūmai. 25 June 2018
2027:"Daug nusipelnęs, labiausiai apšmeižtas signataras Jonas Vailokaitis"
808:
611:
425:
336:
220:
2092:
1840:(in Lithuanian). Vilkaviškio rajono savivaldybės viešoji biblioteka
908:
790:
674:
when it was launched in October 1922. The bank exchanged litas to
392:
1798:
1796:
1794:
2139:
951:. It was visited by many prominent Lithuanians, including poet
391:
In 1910, Vailokaitis started working as a bookkeeper at Žagrė (
283:, and scholarships to about 200 Lithuanian students. After the
2362:
Recipients of the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
1507:
1505:
1503:
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1415:
1413:
1343:
1341:
1229:
1227:
1214:
1212:
1139:
1137:
932:. During the German occupation, the house was taken over by
1816:"Iškilmingai atidengtas signataro J. Vailokaičio paminklas"
1304:
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1120:
1107:
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1103:
1054:
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1050:
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1023:
940:. The house was bombed in 1944 and later fully demolished.
678:
and German marks at the official exchange rates set by the
535:
in April 1920. The association formed a coalition with the
1869:(in Lithuanian). Kauno apskrities viešoji biblioteka. 2019
1548:
1546:
1544:
243:
on 16 February 1918. In 1919, Vailokaitis co-founded the
2093:"Žmogus spėjęs tik į vieną traukinį: Teofilis Tilvytis"
947:. Built in 1898, Villa Anapilis was purchased from the
516:
In 1919, Vailokaitis together with his brother Juozas,
421:. It staged the first public performance in June 1909.
2120:(in Lithuanian). Vol. I. Vilnius: Versus aureus.
1721:
1719:
889:
On 25 January 1919, Vailokaitis married photographer
2182:
2052:"Ar sovietai pirko iš Vailokaičių metalo gaminius?"
1867:
Kauno išskirtinumas – Laikinoji sostinė (1919–1940)
857:Vailokaitis was not immediately commemorated after
258:Together with his brother, Vailokaitis established
153:
124:
114:
100:
92:
66:
34:
18:
967:. The villa now houses the Palanga Resort Museum.
463:Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers
379:(later renamed Trade and Industrial Institute) in
1802:
2007:Lietuvos bankininkai: gyvenimų ir darbų pėdsakai
795:Memorial stone to Vailokaitis at his birthplace
571:On 16 February 1919, Vailokaitis together with
693:Vailokaitis provided financial backing to the
304:Jonas Vailokaitis was born on 25 June 1866 in
219:. In 1912, brothers Jonas and Juozas moved to
2151:
1761:
8:
1967:Lapas, Raimundas Marius (16 February 2013).
913:Partially demolished house in Kaunas in 1944
738:as the conflict hurt timber industry in the
424:In 1912, brothers Jonas and Juozas moved to
185:banker and industrialist. He as his brother
158:Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
2010:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvos bankas.
1535:
897:in June 1940, the entire family escaped to
189:were widely regarded as the richest men in
2158:
2144:
2136:
2118:Lietuvos diplomatijos istorija (1925–1940)
1969:"Už kiekvieno didžio vyro – didi moteris!"
1898:
1896:
1838:"Paminklas broliams Vailokaičiams atminti"
444:. Juozas retreated to the interior of the
26:
15:
1931:"Turtingiausi tarpukario Lietuvos žmonės"
1929:Bukelevičiūtė, Dalia (15 December 2018).
1887:
1785:
1773:
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1737:
1710:
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1686:
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1602:
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1155:
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1094:
1082:
1070:
1058:
1041:
1029:
943:Vailokaitis also owned a summer house in
279:, land donation to the newly established
181:; 25 June 1886 – 16 December 1944) was a
2327:People from Šakiai District Municipality
1582:Lietuvos Aviacijos Istorija 1919–1940 m.
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
871:Lithuanian National Radio and Television
803:, Vailokaitis and his family escaped to
468:In September 1917, Vailokaitis attended
235:of 1917, Vailokaitis was elected to the
1006:Žymūs Kauno žmonės: atminimo įamžinimas
996:
994:
992:
990:
986:
503:When the Council of Lithuania voted to
1948:"Visa Lietuvių tauta atsiėmė Klaipėdą"
1946:Kažukauskas, Vytautas (January 2003).
1857:
1855:
801:Soviet occupation of Lithuania in 1940
682:thus calming the speculative market.
247:on which ticket he was elected to the
1725:
1662:
1650:
1626:
747:Soviet–Lithuanian Non-Aggression Pact
726:. According to Berry, Prime Minister
724:Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party
537:Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party
253:Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party
109:Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party
7:
1987:Mikalčiūtė-Urbonė, Raimonda (2018).
1906:. Palanga tourism information center
1904:""The Otherworld" / Vila "Anapilis""
480:. When four members of the council (
440:and started selling supplies to the
2337:Members of the Council of Lithuania
2050:Terleckas, Vladas (12 March 2011).
465:and helped it procure food items.
1584:(in Lithuanian). VĮ Plieno sparnai
781:British Empire Economic Conference
395:), an agricultural cooperative in
14:
2347:Lithuanian independence activists
869:also bear his name. In 2017, the
533:Constituent Assembly of Lithuania
368:. In 1908, he graduated from the
249:Constituent Assembly of Lithuania
2295:
241:Act of Independence of Lithuania
204:Vailokaitis was educated at the
199:Act of Independence of Lithuania
2332:People from Suwałki Governorate
970:In 1939, Vailokaitis purchased
859:Lithuania regained independence
505:establish monarchy in Lithuania
96:Banker, businessman, politician
895:Soviet occupation of Lithuania
661:Support of Lithuanian policies
285:Soviet occupation of Lithuania
1:
1933:(in Lithuanian). Verslo žinos
768:. However, banking historian
195:one of the twenty signatories
541:Lithuanian Labour Federation
834:village on 18 August 2007.
617:Vytautas Andrius Graičiūnas
2378:
2272:Kazimieras Steponas Šaulys
2025:Terleckas, Vladas (2008).
2004:Terleckas, Vladas (2001).
936:, General Commissioner of
840:Lithuanian Communist Party
524:worked to established the
287:in June 1940, he moved to
273:Lithuanian Communist Party
2357:Lithuanian businesspeople
2293:
2173:
2091:Vilkelytė, Daiva (2021).
1991:(in Lithuanian). 15min.lt
957:Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas
930:Lithuanian Writers' Union
821:German-occupied Lithuania
817:Lithuanian Activist Front
637:Marijampolė Sugar Factory
594:which became the largest
370:Higher Commercial Courses
291:, where he died in 1944.
262:which became the largest
206:Higher Commercial Courses
25:
2116:Žalys, Vytautas (2007).
300:Early life and education
119:Aleksandra Vailokaitienė
2262:Aleksandras Stulginskis
965:Aleksandras Stulginskis
846:wrote a satirical poem
699:University of Lithuania
573:Aleksandras Stulginskis
522:Aleksandras Stulginskis
281:University of Lithuania
1803:Mikalčiūtė-Urbonė 2018
1407:, pp. 2243, 2247.
914:
891:Aleksandra Jurašaitytė
807:. They first lived in
796:
732:Second Polish Republic
2342:Members of the Seimas
1689:, pp. 2254–2255.
1605:, pp. 2250–2251.
1497:, pp. 2248–2249.
1458:, pp. 2247–2248.
1182:, pp. 2230–2231.
1170:, pp. 2228–2229.
1158:, pp. 2227–2228.
1073:, pp. 2220–2221.
938:Generalbezirk Litauen
912:
848:Letter to Vailokaitis
794:
751:Sergey Aleksandrovsky
704:Aeroclub of Lithuania
688:Ernestas Galvanauskas
668:Augustinas Voldemaras
500:on 16 February 1918.
442:Russian Imperial Army
387:Early business career
366:Marijampolė Gymnasium
329:EuroBasket Women 1938
225:Russian Imperial Army
2237:Stanisław Narutowicz
2167:Council of Lithuania
974:originally built by
762:Farmers' Association
712:Lithuanian Americans
526:Farmers' Association
512:Constituent Assembly
490:Stanisław Narutowicz
474:Council of Lithuania
456:Council of Lithuania
450:Imperial German Army
352:Viktoras Vailokaitis
245:Farmers' Association
237:Council of Lithuania
229:Imperial German Army
141:Viktoras Vailokaitis
105:Farmers' Association
2257:Justinas Staugaitis
2227:Donatas Malinauskas
2192:Saliamonas Banaitis
2176:Act of Independence
1989:"Jonas Vailokaitis"
1434:, pp. 288–289.
1002:"Vailokaitis Jonas"
775:As a result of the
518:Mykolas Krupavičius
498:Act of Independence
2352:Lithuanian bankers
2252:Jonas Smilgevičius
2197:Jonas Basanavičius
1762:Bukelevičiūtė 2018
949:Tyszkiewicz family
934:Adrian von Renteln
915:
905:Vailokaitis houses
797:
478:Act of 11 December
470:Vilnius Conference
341:Juozas Vailokaitis
239:which adopted the
233:Vilnius Conference
191:interwar Lithuania
187:Juozas Vailokaitis
130:Juozas Vailokaitis
2304:
2303:
2282:Jonas Vailokaitis
2242:Alfonsas Petrulis
2212:Pranas Dovydaitis
2127:978-9955-699-50-7
2099:(in Lithuanian).
2097:Žmonės. Legendos.
2083:978-9955-589-75-4
2058:(in Lithuanian).
2033:(in Lithuanian).
1978:(in Lithuanian).
1954:(in Lithuanian).
1653:, pp. 53–61.
1370:(in Lithuanian).
961:Kipras Petrauskas
844:Teofilis Tilvytis
728:Vytautas Petrulis
680:Bank of Lithuania
577:Andrius Dubinskas
567:Business ventures
546:Bank of Lithuania
269:Bank of Lithuania
167:Jonas Vailokaitis
164:
163:
20:Jonas Vailokaitis
2369:
2299:
2202:Mykolas Biržiška
2160:
2153:
2146:
2137:
2131:
2112:
2087:
2075:
2063:
2046:
2021:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1983:
1973:
1963:
1958:. Archived from
1942:
1940:
1938:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1900:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1539:
1536:Kažukauskas 2003
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1364:
1351:
1345:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1222:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1165:
1159:
1153:
1147:
1141:
1132:
1126:
1115:
1109:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
998:
927:
833:
787:Death and legacy
777:Great Depression
770:Vladas Terleckas
759:
702:founders of the
672:Lithuanian litas
656:
645:
588:Pijus Grajauskas
585:
550:Lithuanian litas
482:Mykolas Biržiška
420:
412:Albinas Iešmanta
409:
378:
360:
349:
321:Mykolas Biržiška
314:
214:
180:
179:
178:
176:
149:
138:
73:
70:16 December 1944
57:
44:
42:
30:
16:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2291:
2247:Antanas Smetona
2217:Steponas Kairys
2207:Kazys Bizauskas
2178:
2169:
2164:
2134:
2128:
2115:
2090:
2084:
2073:
2066:
2049:
2024:
2018:
2003:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1971:
1966:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1792:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1752:, p. 2257.
1748:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1717:
1713:, p. 2256.
1709:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1677:, p. 2254.
1673:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1649:
1645:
1641:, p. 2253.
1637:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1578:"LAK steigimas"
1576:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1526:, p. 2258.
1522:
1518:
1514:, p. 2249.
1510:
1501:
1493:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1473:, p. 2248.
1469:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1446:, p. 2247.
1442:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1422:, p. 2245.
1418:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1375:
1374:. 15 April 2017
1366:
1365:
1354:
1350:, p. 2243.
1346:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1323:, p. 2241.
1319:
1315:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1284:, p. 2240.
1280:
1276:
1272:, p. 2239.
1268:
1264:
1260:, p. 2238.
1256:
1252:
1248:, p. 2237.
1244:
1240:
1236:, p. 2235.
1232:
1225:
1221:, p. 2234.
1217:
1210:
1206:, p. 2233.
1202:
1198:
1194:, p. 2231.
1190:
1186:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1150:
1146:, p. 2226.
1142:
1135:
1131:, p. 2225.
1127:
1118:
1114:, p. 2224.
1110:
1101:
1097:, p. 2223.
1093:
1089:
1085:, p. 2221.
1081:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1061:, p. 2220.
1057:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1032:, p. 2219.
1028:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1000:
999:
988:
984:
976:Szymon Zabiełło
972:Paežeriai Manor
921:
907:
887:
852:Khrushchev Thaw
827:
789:
753:
740:Klaipėda Region
720:
718:Shadow diplomat
695:Klaipėda Revolt
663:
650:
639:
596:commercial bank
579:
569:
514:
486:Steponas Kairys
458:
414:
403:
389:
372:
354:
343:
308:
302:
297:
277:Klaipėda Revolt
264:commercial bank
208:
174:
172:
171:
170:
143:
132:
107:
101:Political party
88:
75:
71:
62:
60:Congress Poland
51:
46:
40:
38:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2287:Jonas Vileišis
2284:
2279:
2277:Jokūbas Šernas
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2232:Vladas Mironas
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2133:
2132:
2126:
2113:
2088:
2082:
2064:
2047:
2031:Kultūros barai
2022:
2016:
2001:
1984:
1964:
1962:on 2011-09-28.
1943:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1892:
1888:Vilkelytė 2021
1880:
1851:
1829:
1807:
1790:
1786:Terleckas 2008
1778:
1774:Vilkelytė 2021
1766:
1754:
1750:Terleckas 2013
1742:
1738:Terleckas 2008
1730:
1715:
1711:Terleckas 2013
1703:
1699:Terleckas 2011
1691:
1687:Terleckas 2013
1679:
1675:Terleckas 2013
1667:
1665:, p. 192.
1655:
1643:
1639:Terleckas 2013
1631:
1619:
1617:, p. 284.
1615:Terleckas 2001
1607:
1603:Terleckas 2013
1595:
1569:
1567:, p. 291.
1565:Terleckas 2001
1557:
1553:Terleckas 2008
1540:
1528:
1524:Terleckas 2013
1516:
1512:Terleckas 2013
1499:
1495:Terleckas 2013
1487:
1483:Terleckas 2008
1475:
1471:Terleckas 2013
1460:
1456:Terleckas 2013
1448:
1444:Terleckas 2013
1436:
1432:Terleckas 2001
1424:
1420:Terleckas 2013
1409:
1405:Terleckas 2013
1397:
1395:, p. 287.
1393:Terleckas 2001
1385:
1352:
1348:Terleckas 2013
1337:
1335:, p. 290.
1333:Terleckas 2001
1325:
1321:Terleckas 2013
1313:
1311:, p. 285.
1309:Terleckas 2001
1298:
1294:Terleckas 2008
1286:
1282:Terleckas 2013
1274:
1270:Terleckas 2013
1262:
1258:Terleckas 2013
1250:
1246:Terleckas 2013
1238:
1234:Terleckas 2013
1223:
1219:Terleckas 2013
1208:
1204:Terleckas 2013
1196:
1192:Terleckas 2013
1184:
1180:Terleckas 2013
1172:
1168:Terleckas 2013
1160:
1156:Terleckas 2013
1148:
1144:Terleckas 2013
1133:
1129:Terleckas 2013
1116:
1112:Terleckas 2013
1099:
1095:Terleckas 2013
1087:
1083:Terleckas 2013
1075:
1071:Terleckas 2013
1063:
1059:Terleckas 2013
1046:
1042:Terleckas 2008
1034:
1030:Terleckas 2013
1019:
985:
983:
980:
906:
903:
886:
883:
788:
785:
719:
716:
676:Russian rubles
662:
659:
631:production in
568:
565:
554:indirect taxes
548:, issuance of
513:
510:
494:Jonas Vileišis
457:
454:
446:Russian Empire
388:
385:
381:St. Petersburg
301:
298:
296:
293:
217:St. Petersburg
162:
161:
155:
151:
150:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
76:
74:(aged 78)
68:
64:
63:
47:
36:
32:
31:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2374:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2298:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Jurgis Šaulys
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:Petras Klimas
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2002:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1890:, p. 75.
1889:
1884:
1881:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:, p. 87.
1787:
1782:
1779:
1776:, p. 74.
1775:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1743:
1740:, p. 86.
1739:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1629:, p. 50.
1628:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1555:, p. 84.
1554:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1491:
1488:
1485:, p. 83.
1484:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1296:, p. 82.
1295:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1044:, p. 79.
1043:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1007:
1003:
997:
995:
993:
991:
987:
981:
979:
977:
973:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
925:
920:
911:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
885:Personal life
884:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
835:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
793:
786:
784:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
757:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
717:
715:
713:
707:
705:
700:
696:
691:
689:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
660:
658:
654:
649:
648:Linksmadvaris
643:
638:
634:
630:
625:
620:
618:
613:
609:
604:
602:
597:
593:
589:
583:
578:
574:
566:
564:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
511:
509:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
466:
464:
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
431:
430:Russification
427:
422:
418:
413:
407:
402:
398:
394:
386:
384:
382:
376:
371:
367:
362:
358:
353:
347:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Kazys Grinius
322:
318:
312:
307:
299:
294:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
261:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
212:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
177:
175:pronunciation
168:
159:
156:
152:
147:
142:
136:
131:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
93:Occupation(s)
91:
87:
83:
82:Saxony-Anhalt
79:
69:
65:
61:
55:
50:
37:
33:
29:
24:
17:
2281:
2117:
2100:
2096:
2069:
2059:
2055:
2034:
2030:
2006:
1993:. Retrieved
1979:
1975:
1960:the original
1955:
1951:
1935:. Retrieved
1922:Bibliography
1908:. Retrieved
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1866:
1842:. Retrieved
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1810:
1781:
1769:
1757:
1745:
1733:
1728:, p. 8.
1706:
1701:, p. 4.
1694:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1610:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1581:
1572:
1560:
1531:
1519:
1490:
1478:
1451:
1439:
1427:
1400:
1388:
1376:. Retrieved
1328:
1316:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1163:
1151:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1037:
1010:. Retrieved
1005:
969:
963:, President
942:
916:
899:Nazi Germany
888:
856:
847:
836:
805:Nazi Germany
798:
774:
766:Third Seimas
744:
721:
708:
692:
684:
664:
621:
605:
570:
562:
530:
515:
502:
467:
459:
435:
423:
390:
363:
350:and teacher
303:
289:Nazi Germany
257:
203:
166:
165:
86:Nazi Germany
72:(1944-12-16)
45:25 June 1886
2322:1944 deaths
2317:1886 births
1910:26 November
922: [
828: [
813:Blankenburg
754: [
736:Neman River
651: [
640: [
592:Ūkio bankas
580: [
558:land reform
556:), and the
415: [
404: [
401:Gižai Manor
397:Marijampolė
373: [
355: [
344: [
309: [
260:Ūkio bankas
209: [
144: [
133: [
78:Blankenburg
52: [
2311:Categories
2017:9986651271
1982:(20): 7–8.
1726:Lapas 2013
1663:Žalys 2007
1651:Žalys 2007
1627:Žalys 2007
982:References
811:, then in
799:After the
629:sugar beet
306:Pikžirniai
183:Lithuanian
49:Pikžirniai
41:1886-06-25
2109:2029-3216
2103:: 69–76.
2070:Sintautai
2062:(719): 4.
2043:0134-3106
2037:: 79–88.
1995:17 August
1937:17 August
1873:17 August
1844:17 August
1822:17 August
1588:17 August
1378:17 August
1012:17 August
959:, singer
955:, writer
919:Arno Funk
881:in 2021.
875:Aleksotas
854:in 1956.
633:Suvalkija
433:rubles.
317:Sintautai
295:Biography
193:. He was
128:Brothers
125:Relatives
1952:Vytautai
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