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777:"Sunday-go-to-meeting-suit." Accompanied by music, the band marched along the roads from plantation to plantation and town to town, accosting whites and sometimes even entering their houses. In the process, the men performed elaborate and (to white observers) grotesque dances that were probably of African origin. In return for this performance, they always demanded money (the leader generally carried "a small bowl or tin cup" for this purpose), though whiskey was an acceptable substitute.
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514:. It is practiced most notably in The Bahamas, Jamaica and Belize, and historically in North Carolina and Miami, where there are significant settlements of West Indian people during the post-emancipation era. In the present day, there are considerable variations in performance and spelling, but there are the shared elements of masquerade (or masking), drumming, dance, and parading.
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and others in an alliance called Kotoko(another name for the Asante state), to take the area from the
Germans and other Europeans. The news of his victory reached Jamaica, and he has been celebrated ever since the Christmas of 1708 when he first defeated Prussian forces for Axim. Twenty years later,
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The festival may have originated several centuries ago when enslaved
Africans or their descendants, on the plantations in Jamaica, celebrated holidays granted around Christmastime. This was done with dance, music (drumming), and costumes. The costumes and drumming used in celebration in Jamaica show
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Essentially, it involved a band of black men—generally young—who dressed themselves in ornate and often bizarre costumes. Each band was led by a man who was variously dressed in animal horns, elaborate rags, female disguise, whiteface (and wearing a gentleman's wig!), or simply his
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Ahanta and other Asante Kotoko captives were taken to
Jamaica as prisoners of war. The festival itself includes motifs from battles typical of Akan fashion. The many war masks and dance formations of the Ahanta people became part of this celebration worldwide, especially in the Caribbean. The
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In many territories, Junkanoo is observed around the week of
Christmas. These Christmas-time cultural parades are predominantly showcased in Jamaica. In The Bahamas, it was initially called Junkanoo and is said to date back to the 1700s where it is celebrated year round. In
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and was later spread throughout the
Caribbean as early as the 18th century. Though stemming from the same origin, each celebration has been localized by different countries and, over time, evolved to be somewhat different.
1421:"The History of Jamaica Or, A General Survey of the Antient and Modern State of that Island: With Reflexions on Its Situation, Settlements, Inhabitants, Climate, Products, Commerce, Laws, and Government"
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that can be traced back to
Jamaican roots. However, the custom became less popular after slavery was abolished. The last known Junkanoo celebration in the
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Junkanoo has been prominent and celebrated in colonies such as
Jamaica (as Jankunu, jonkonnu), The Bahamas (as Junkanoo), and North Carolina.
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A contribution to the origins of this
Jamaican tradition could be found in three "groups" of West African festival traditions. These are;
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687:/Masquerades are during the same time (Christmas week (December 25–January 1)) in the Central and Western Regions of Ghana. In addition,
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1366:"Rethinking the Historical Development of Caribbean Performance Culture from an Afro-Iberian Perspective: The Case of Junkanoo"
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1059:. The Legacies of Slavery and Emancipation: Jamaica in the Atlantic World. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University. p. 3.
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who backed the man known as John Canoe. Canoe was an ally soldier for the
Germans until he turned his back on them for his
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2005:† dagger indicates extinction. ° degree symbol indicates changes in date, name or location. ( ) indicate demographic
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This tradition is one of the oldest dance celebrations in
Jamaica. In addition to being a cultural dance for the
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1184:"Jonkonnu, Jankunu, Junkanoo, John Canoe: Reorienting North Carolina's Practice in the American Mediterranean"
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festivals have also been identified. However, an Akan origin is more likely because the celebration of the
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referencing festivities in time for the New Yam Festival. Chambers also suggests a link with the Igbo
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1231:"Surviving Secularization: Masking the Spirit in the Jankunu (John Canoe) Festivals of the Caribbean"
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The post-Covid return to Junkanoo was briefly discussed across the two-part episodes 189 and 190 of
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elaborate masks and attire resemble Akan battledress with charms, referred to as a "Batakari".
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Rushin' hard and runnin' hot: Experiencing the music of the Junkanoo Parade in Nassau, Bahamas
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before 1720, the same year the John Canoe festival was created in the Caribbean. As scholar
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Rommen, Timothy (1999). "Home Sweet Home: Junkanoo as National Discourse in the Bahamas".
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1130:"Free to dance - Belize's liberating Jonkonnu celebration recalls a slavery-era tradition"
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pointed out, the term may have had a religious dimension, relating to the Akan deity
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Masking the Spirit in the South Atlantic World: Jankunu's PartiallyHidden History
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in October, where local black populations have their roots in the Caribbean.
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1531:"Nicole and Sasheer Regale You With the Final Chapter of Their Bahamas Trip"
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described the festival as it was performed in 19th-century North Carolina:
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Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina | Documenting the American South
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Sands, Rosita M.; DuValier, Maureen "Bahama Mama"; Simms, Ronald (1989).
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1506:"Sasheer Was Scared To Leave Nicole Stranded In the Middle of the Ocean"
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is disputed. Theories include that it is named after a folk hero named
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1210:"Jonkonnu: The holiday when Black revelers could mock their enslavers"
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A song titled "Junkanoo Holiday (Fallin'-Flyin')" was written by
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Historically, Junkanoo parades were also found in southeastern
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1331:. Jamaica: University of the West Indies Press. p. 776.
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The Junkanoo parade has been featured in movies, such as the
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The tradition continued in countries like The Bahamas after
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Festive season which occurs on Boxing Day and New Year's Day
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Dances are choreographed to the beat of goatskin drums and
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1009:"Shell Saxon Superstars sweep 2019/2020 Junkanoo season"
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is a festival that was originated during the period of
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Douglas Chambers, professor of African studies at the
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1612:Bahamian Junkanoo: An Act in a Modern Social Drama
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589:strong similarities to West African mask dances.
1370:New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids
1235:New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids
851:In the thirteenth episode of the television show
1302:. University Press of Mississippi. p. 182.
1300:Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia
844:. This song immediately follows the hit song, "
647:(unknown people), as the revelers wear masks.
1352:"Fort Gross Frederiksburg, Princestown (1683)"
1277:. The Bahamas Ministry of Tourism and Aviation
2652:
2029:
1655:
484:
8:
1456:"Commemorative Landscapes of North Carolina"
1190:. University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill
3337:New Year Address by the President of Russia
749:forces, aided by the military might of the
643:or that it is derived from the French term
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2014:
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1327:The Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage
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905:Costume sans participant after the parade
876:, documenting their trip to The Bahamas.
785:Example of Junkanoo costume December 2007
745:his stronghold was broken by neighboring
1484:. New York: Vintage Books. p. 285.
893:Rush for Peace (Freeport, Bahamas, 2011)
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1291:
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821:It was also in the season one episode,
538:Its origin is assumed to have begun in
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50:Junkanoo (or "John Canoe") celebrants (
3173:Chorale preludes for New Year's (Bach)
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1397:
1298:Chambers, Douglas B. (March 1, 2005).
1208:Brockell, Gillian (26 December 2021).
96:
35:
1127:Hamburg, Ericka (December 23, 2007).
7:
2983:GMA New Year's Eve Countdown Special
1354:, Ghana Museums and Monuments Board.
1072:"Junkanoo Past, Present, and Future"
3256:Feast of the Circumcision of Christ
3149:Snoopy Presents: For Auld Lang Syne
3121:First Night 2013 with Jamie Kennedy
1627:Wood, Vivian Nina Michelle (1995).
1159:"African-Caribbean Music Takes Off"
1157:Scaramuzzo, Gene (April 28, 1989).
108:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
3212:What Are You Doing New Year's Eve?
838:and is featured on his 1979 album
804:(erroneously described as a local
652:University of Southern Mississippi
25:
3393:Cultural festivals in the Bahamas
3342:Prime Minister's New Year Message
2711:Objects dropped on New Year's Eve
1563:Junkanoo: Festival of the Bahamas
1110:"2nd Day of Christmas – Jonkonnu"
1007:Smith, Sloan (January 28, 2020).
990:"2nd Day of Christmas – Jonkonnu"
600:of the Mmo secret society of the
174:Music of the Anglophone Caribbean
3311:Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
3191:It's Just Another New Year's Eve
2618:
2604:
2098:
1950:°: Ireland, Isle of Man, Wales (
1364:Dewulf, Jeroen (December 2021).
1229:Bilby, Kenneth M. (2010-01-01).
1050:Bilby, Kenneth (November 2007).
946:
934:
922:
910:
898:
886:
44:
2862:Team Canada New Year's Eve Game
658:origin from the Igbo yam deity
140:Latin America and the Caribbean
3178:Church cantatas for New Year's
3114:Happy New Year, Charlie Brown!
2900:London's New Year's Day Parade
2857:IIHF World Junior Championship
1076:The Black Perspective in Music
941:Junkanoo Festival, Nassau 2005
825:of the 1984 television series
669:masking tradition of southern
360:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1:
3388:Folk festivals in the Bahamas
2811:Other college football games
1609:Wisdom, Keith Gordon (1985).
1404:: CS1 maint: date and year (
823:Calderone's Return (Part II),
3276:Christmas and holiday season
3128:Sesame Street Stays Up Late!
2997:The Big Fat Quiz of the Year
1582:Black Music Research Journal
1480:Nissenbaum, Stephen (1997).
401:Aruba and the Dutch Antilles
30:For the Baha Men album, see
3053:Red Bull New Year No Limits
2976:MTV New Year's Eve specials
2948:BBC New Year's Eve specials
2941:NBC New Year's Eve specials
2934:Fox New Year's Eve specials
2736:Taipei New Year's Eve Party
1114:Jamaica Information Service
994:Jamaica Information Service
3424:
2895:Tournament of Roses Parade
1896:Dies Natalis Solis Invicti
1275:The Islands of the Bahamas
1167:. p. L21 – via
571:Wilmington, North Carolina
29:
2869:Saint Silvester Road Race
2756:Vienna New Year's Concert
2598:
2096:
2002:
1383:10.1163/22134360-bja10012
1248:10.1163/13822373-90002440
512:British American colonies
104:
43:
3398:Carnivals in the Bahamas
3060:Rudolph's Shiny New Year
2772:College Football Playoff
2701:New Year's Eve in London
2249:Belarus, Russia, Ukraine
1482:The Battle for Christmas
1323:Allsop, Richard (2003).
1027:"Bahamas Junkanoo Revue"
732:people, siding with the
385:Other Anglophone islands
3018:Happy New Year, America
2962:CNN New Year's Eve Live
2955:BBC Scotland's Hogmanay
2837:JFA Emperor's Cup Final
2726:Réveillon de Copacabana
1565:. Macmillan Caribbean.
1182:Lasseter, M.E. (2014).
635:The origin of the word
508:African chattel slavery
3403:Culture of the Bahamas
3368:Parades in the Bahamas
2927:New Year's Rockin' Eve
2611:Catholicism portal
1436:Cite journal requires
1423:. T. Lowndes: 445–475.
953:Junkanoo musician 2005
786:
779:
676:Similarities with the
654:, suggests a possible
567:Southern United States
3306:Saint Sylvester's Day
3296:New Year's resolution
3107:STV Hogmanay specials
2905:Florida Citrus Parade
2842:Four Hills Tournament
2731:Sydney New Year's Eve
1620:University of Georgia
1419:Long, Edward (1774).
1271:"The Joy of Junkanoo"
784:
774:
685:Fancy Dress Festivals
573:, in the late 1880s.
3378:December observances
3363:Music of the Bahamas
1737:° (African American)
621:yam festival of the
3383:January observances
3219:What's Another Year
2879:Nos Galan road race
2436:Trinidad and Tobago
2088:Ati-Atihan festival
1215:The Washington Post
1031:HistoryMiami Museum
854:Top Chef: All-Stars
610:masquerades of the
461:Trinidad and Tobago
365:St. Kitts and Nevis
320:Antigua and Barbuda
154:2023 (18th session)
146:Inscription history
3321:Watchnight service
3241:Gregorian calendar
3135:MBC Gayo Daejejeon
2852:Spengler Cup Final
2847:NHL Winter Classic
2414:Dominican Republic
1633:Indiana University
1164:The Times-Picayune
787:
770:Stephen Nissenbaum
416:Dominican Republic
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3039:Little Blue Light
3032:Kōhaku Uta Gassen
2746:Times Square Ball
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2633:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1888:: Roman Empire° (
1787:Deygān, Maidyarem
1338:978-976-640-145-0
1136:Los Angeles Times
808:-type festival),
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380:US Virgin Islands
375:UK Virgin Islands
340:British Caribbean
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54:, Christmas 1975)
52:Kingston, Jamaica
16:(Redirected from
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1991:°: New Zealand (
1882:: Ancient Greece
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811:After the Sunset
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598:New Yam Festival
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3081:Sylvesterpunsch
3046:Only an Excuse?
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2874:New Year Sprint
2825:ReliaQuest Bowl
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2741:The Possum Drop
2686:America's Party
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1671:Winter solstice
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1296:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1140:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1088:10.2307/1214745
1082:(1/2): 93–108.
1069:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1013:Eyewitness News
1006:
1005:
1001:
988:
987:
983:
979:
961:
954:
951:
942:
939:
930:
927:
918:
915:
906:
903:
894:
891:
882:
792:
790:Popular culture
763:
586:
556:Garifuna people
536:
497:
228:Rake-and-scrape
111:
76:street festival
55:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3421:
3419:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3236:New Year films
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3205:New Year's Day
3201:
3194:
3187:
3184:Happy New Year
3180:
3175:
3170:
3167:Auld Lang Syne
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3084:
3077:
3074:Silvesterstadl
3070:
3067:Scotch and Wry
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3011:Dinner for One
3007:
3000:
2993:
2990:Áramótaskaupið
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2910:Mummers Parade
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2672:New Year's Day
2668:New Year's Eve
2666:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2614:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2448:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:Cayman Islands
2396:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2117:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2018:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1939:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1898:: Roman Empire
1893:
1883:
1877:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1846:
1836:
1826:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1752:
1738:
1728:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1624:
1606:
1594:10.2307/779275
1577:
1571:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1522:
1497:
1491:978-0679740384
1490:
1472:
1447:
1438:|journal=
1411:
1356:
1344:
1337:
1315:
1308:
1287:
1262:
1221:
1200:
1174:
1149:
1119:
1101:
1062:
1042:
1018:
999:
980:
978:
975:
974:
973:
967:
960:
957:
956:
955:
952:
945:
943:
940:
933:
931:
928:
921:
919:
916:
909:
907:
904:
897:
895:
892:
885:
881:
878:
870:Sasheer Zamata
859:Fit for a King
791:
788:
762:
759:
626:
625:
615:
604:
585:
582:
563:North Carolina
535:
532:
499:
498:
496:
495:
488:
481:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
464:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
395:
394:
390:
389:
388:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
309:
308:
300:
299:
298:Regional music
295:
294:
289:
288:
283:
282:
281:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
182:
181:
177:
176:
166:
165:
164:Representative
162:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
105:
102:
101:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
49:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3420:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:Miscellaneous
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3301:New Year tree
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Baby New Year
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2751:Twelve Grapes
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:French Guiana
2519:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:South America
2443:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:Puerto Rico (
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2366:New York City
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2351:United States
2349:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:North America
2305:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2001:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:°: Cornwall (
1933:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:: Sri Lanka (
1830:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1797:Dōngzhì, Tōji
1795:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1572:0-333-55469-8
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1473:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1430:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1309:1-57806-706-5
1305:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1189:
1185:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1043:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1003:
1000:
995:
991:
985:
982:
976:
971:
968:
966:
965:Pitchy patchy
963:
962:
958:
949:
944:
937:
932:
925:
920:
913:
908:
901:
896:
889:
884:
879:
877:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
855:
849:
847:
843:
842:
841:Keep The Fire
837:
836:Kenny Loggins
832:
830:
829:
824:
820:
818:
813:
812:
807:
803:
802:
797:
789:
783:
778:
773:
771:
766:
760:
758:
754:
752:
748:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
720:According to
718:
716:
712:
711:
706:
705:Jeroen Dewulf
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
662:
657:
653:
648:
646:
645:gens inconnus
642:
638:
633:
631:
624:
620:
616:
613:
612:Yoruba people
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
594:
593:
590:
583:
581:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
559:
557:
552:
549:
545:
541:
533:
531:
529:
525:
521:
515:
513:
509:
505:
494:
489:
487:
482:
480:
475:
474:
472:
471:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
397:
396:
393:Related areas
391:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
311:
310:
305:
302:
301:
296:
291:
290:
285:
284:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
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2322:Quebec City
2286:Switzerland
2224:Netherlands
1922:Anglo-Saxon
1920:: England (
1904:°: Scotland
1791:Zoroastrian
1755:We Tripantu
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866:Nicole Byer
801:Thunderball
761:Description
722:Edward Long
710:Nyankompong
596:the annual
540:The Bahamas
446:Puerto Rico
307:Local forms
151:Inscription
120:The Bahamas
3357:Categories
3316:Vasilopita
3261:First-foot
3142:Hello 2021
3088:2000 Today
3025:Hootenanny
2919:Television
2820:Gator Bowl
2775:bowl games
2716:Peach Drop
2590:Mardi Gras
2541:Las Tablas
2451:Argentina
2279:Santa Cruz
2274:Las Palmas
2059:Indonesia
1970:: Baltic (
1948:Wren's Day
1942:Saturnalia
1801:East Asian
1721:Inti Raymi
1700:Dzon'ku Nu
1466:2023-12-15
1281:2020-12-27
1194:2023-09-05
1143:2020-12-27
1036:2023-12-15
977:References
970:John Canoe
846:This Is It
828:Miami Vice
806:Mardi Gras
796:James Bond
768:Historian
689:John Canoe
641:John Canoe
441:Martinique
421:Guadeloupe
355:Montserrat
253:Rocksteady
2574:Australia
2551:Cajamarca
2487:São Paulo
2377:Caribbean
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2228:Portugal
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1886:Christmas
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1677:festivals
1675:midwinter
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2466:Bolivia
2409:Dominica
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2344:Mazatlán
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2119:Belgium
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1962:Germanic
1908:Korochun
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1880:Brumalia
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1833:Buddhist
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1714:Americas
1692:: Mali (
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218:Junkanoo
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3229:Related
3099:Ireland
3004:Bye Bye
2969:¡Feliz!
2888:Parades
2583:Related
2567:Oceania
2558:Uruguay
2537:Panama
2526:Cayenne
2389:Bahamas
2384:Antigua
2327:Toronto
2313:Canada
2254:Croatia
2232:Madeira
2187:Hungary
2170:Cologne
2165:Germany
2149:France
2145:Finland
2140:England
2135:Denmark
2115:Austria
2083:Sinulog
2073:Jakarta
1982:Oceania
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1782:Choimus
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534:Origins
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335:Bermuda
325:Bahamas
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2765:Sports
2679:Events
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2108:Europe
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