767:
314:
812:. Nothing in Terboven's background and training particularly qualified him for that post, but he had Hitler's full confidence. He was responsible to no one but Hitler, and within the Nazi governmental hierarchy, his office stood on the same level as the Reich Ministries. Terboven regarded himself as virtually an autonomous viceroy with what he termed “limitless power of command”. His conception of his role resulted in his attempting to ignore any directives not issued by Hitler himself.
872:, but he commanded a personal force of around 6,000 men of whom 800 were part of the secret police. In contrast to the military forces commanded by Falkenhorst, which aimed to reach an understanding with the Norwegian people and were under orders by Falkenhorst to treat Norwegians with courtesy, Terboven behaved in a petty and ruthless way and was widely disliked not only by the Norwegians but also by many Germans.
1592:
966:, in Germany. Of the 72 who were deported from TelavĂĄg, 31 were murdered in captivity. The women and the children were imprisoned for two years. Another 18 Norwegian prisoners unrelated to TelavĂĄg, who were held at the Trandum internment camp, were also executed as reprisals. In another incident, the shooting of two German police officials on 6 September 1942 led to Terboven personally declaring
31:
1124:
970:
from 5 to 12 October 1942. He imposed a curfew from 8:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. and suppressed all newspapers, public assemblies and railroad transportation. On
Terboven's orders, ten prominent citizens were executed in reprisal, and their assets were confiscated. In addition, Terboven set up an
1268:
Da to fanger i Korgen drepte en tysk vokter og rømte, ga kommandant Hesse ordre om at det som hevn skulle skytes 39 fanger i Korgen og 20 i Osen. Dette var 17. juli 1942. Hesse startet myrderiene med sjøl å skyte flere fanger. De nærmeste dagene ble det på Reichskommissar
Terbovens personlige ordre
594:. When the Party subsequently was outlawed, he continued to work at the bank until after the ban was lifted in February 1925. In August 1925 Terboven went to work full-time for the Party, becoming the head of a small Nazi newspaper and book distributorship in Essen. At this time he also founded the
925:
took place, the murder of hundreds of
Yugoslavian political prisoners and prisoners-of-war by German and Norwegian concentration camp guards. Some 288 prisoners were shot to death, and many others were burned to death when the barracks were set on fire. Terboven had ordered the massacre a few days
961:
arrived, shots were exchanged, and two
Gestapo agents were killed. Terboven was outraged and personally led a reprisal raid on 30 April that was quick and brutal. All buildings were burned to the ground, all boats were sunk or confiscated and all livestock taken away. All men in the village were
827:
after the king and cabinet fled into exile. On 25 September 1940, Terboven dismissed the
Administrative Council and appointed a thirteen-member Provisional State Council to administer affairs. All the members were Terboven's hand-picked appointees and worked under his control and supervision. A
949:
against the
Germans. On 17 September, Terboven decreed that special SS and Police Tribunals would have jurisdiction over Norwegian citizens who violated his decrees. They were summary proceedings with the accused provided no adequate defense. The trials were not open to the public, and the
480:
As the tide of the war turned against
Germany, Terboven implemented a scorched earth policy in northern Norway that resulted in the forced evacuation of 50,000 Norwegians and widespread destruction. He hoped to turn Norway into a fortress for the Nazi regime's last stand. However, after
472:
for Norway, a position that granted him significant power and control. Terboven established multiple concentration camps in Norway, ruthlessly persecuted the Jewish population and focused on crushing the
Norwegian resistance movement. His actions led to numerous atrocities, such as the
950:
proceedings were not published. Sentences were carried out shortly after they were pronounced with no right of appeal. It is estimated that some 150 individuals were sentenced to death by these tribunals. Many more were sentenced to long terms of hard labour.
614:
in Essen. He formally re-enrolled in the Party on 15 December 1925. From 1927 to
December 1930, Terboven was the editor of the weekly Nazi newspaper “The New Front: The Weekly Sheet of the Working People.” By 1927 he had advanced to
708:(High President) of Prussia's Rhine Province which included Gau Essen and three other Gaue. He thus united under his control the highest party and governmental offices within his jurisdiction. On 27 April 1935 Terboven received the
884:
about what he called
Terboven's "bullying tactics" against the Norwegians, as they alienated the population against the Germans. Terboven's relations with the army commander were strained, but his relations with the
1045:
policy that resulted in the forced evacuation of 50,000 Norwegians and widespread destruction, including the burning of 10,000 homes; 4700 farms; and hundreds of schools, churches, shops and industrial buildings.
818:
Terboven had supervisory authority over only the German civilian administration, which was very small and did not rule Norway directly. Day-to-day governmental affairs were managed by the existing seven-member
2008:
574:, where he first got involved in politics. He dropped out of the university in 1922 without earning a degree and trained as a bank official in Essen, working as a bank clerk through June 1925.
2048:
2043:
2033:
1066:
on 3 May 1945 and ordered him to cooperate with winding down hostilities. Terboven expressed his desire to continue fighting. Consequently, Dönitz dismissed Terboven from his post as
636:
Ruhr, the Essen district became an independent unit subordinated to the central Party headquarters in Munich. However, on 1 August 1930 the Essen district officially was raised to
877:
766:
443:. After the war, he studied law and political science at the University of Munich and the University of Freiburg, where he first got involved in politics. Terboven joined the
1518:
1108:, although his daughter, Inga, in an event in 1964 unrelated to her father's history, killed her two-year-old daughter by strangulation. Terboven's wife, Ilse, died in 1972.
2088:
2083:
2078:
2068:
2013:
1978:
2038:
975:
extrajudicial tribunal to try Norwegians considered “hostile to the state”. An additional 24 men were tried and summarily executed over the next three days.
978:
Despite the small number of Jews in Norway's population (around 1,800), Terboven persecuted them relentlessly. Some 930 managed to escape to neighboring
2003:
844:. Terboven therefore remained in ultimate charge of Norway until the end of the war in 1945, even after he had permitted the formation of a Norwegian
1687:
637:
1993:
1511:
2073:
2023:
2018:
1998:
2058:
1531:
1418:
687:
462:
1485:
425:
982:, but some 770 were rounded up and deported to Germany. The main deportation occurred on 26 November 1942, when 532 Jews were shipped to
2028:
1546:
1504:
1456:
1340:
1988:
1437:
1399:
2053:
967:
963:
1490:
820:
1983:
1083:
934:";. In the days that followed, Terboven also ordered retribution, and around 400 prisoners shot and killed in various camps.
499:
On 8 May 1945, the day of Germany's surrender, Terboven committed suicide by detonating 50 kg of dynamite in a bunker on the
1375:
938:
1616:
993:
930:
prison camp was killed. The commandant ordered retribution: execution by gunfire for "39 prisoners at Korgen and 20 at
2063:
1481:
914:
886:
761:
661:
455:
of Essen and the editor of various Nazi newspapers. After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Terboven was promoted to
51:
1566:
1551:
1384:
906:
719:
953:
On 26 April 1942, the Nazis learned that two members of the resistance were being sheltered by the inhabitants of
1792:
1072:
893:, were very good, and he co-operated in providing Rediess's staff a free hand with their policies of repression.
195:
1527:
869:
779:
699:
1465:
1727:
1611:
1576:
824:
797:
1963:
1752:
1737:
1722:
571:
1902:
1892:
1882:
677:
1571:
1968:
1958:
1922:
1912:
1907:
1732:
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1100:
829:
741:
737:
714:
567:
329:
1053:(Fortress Norway) for the Nazi regime's last stand. However, after Hitler's suicide, his successor,
669:
deputy until the end of the Nazi regime. From 15 December 1930, Terboven was also the editor of the
1973:
1937:
1712:
1702:
1672:
1591:
1556:
996:, and only 9 survived the war. On 25 February 1943, another 158 were similarly deported aboard the
853:
555:
457:
363:
1392:
Hitlers Politische Generale. Die Gauleiter des Dritten Reiches: ein biographisches Nachschlagewerk
1371:
1773:
1757:
922:
902:
849:
733:
709:
474:
247:
748:. On 16 November 1942, the jurisdiction of the Reich Defense Commissioners was changed from the
439:, and attended Volksschule and Realschule before he volunteered for military service during the
1251:
1452:
1433:
1414:
1395:
1336:
1330:
1049:
As the tide of the war turned against Germany, Terboven's personal aspiration was to organise
1026:
809:
600:
1033:
in Essen during Terboven's absence in Norway since 1940. In October 1944, in response to the
1927:
1917:
1852:
1842:
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805:
775:
704:
682:
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587:
448:
167:
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1862:
1812:
1782:
1656:
1641:
988:
890:
837:
788:
771:
691:
547:
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46:
1887:
566:
before being discharged on 22 December 1918. He studied law and political science at the
477:
in which hundreds of Yugoslavian political prisoners and prisoners-of-war were murdered.
625:
Ruhr. In the 20 May 1928 election, Terboven failed in his attempt to be elected to the
1697:
1682:
1646:
1631:
1621:
1606:
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1496:
1076:
1059:
1055:
1042:
729:
656:
606:
489:
243:
172:
98:
1380:
649:
In 1930 Terboven also became a City Councilor in Essen and a member of the Provincial
1952:
1747:
1742:
1717:
1561:
946:
865:
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251:
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was a witness at the wedding, and while in Essen put into play preparations for the
1932:
1877:
1867:
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997:
695:
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504:
482:
135:
74:
30:
1477:
1897:
586:
in November 1923 with membership number 25,247 and participated in the abortive
536:
374:
1411:
Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945
752:
to the Gau level and Terboven remained Commissioner for only his Gau of Essen.
1857:
1837:
1707:
1651:
1636:
1626:
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954:
583:
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444:
401:
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285:
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on 9 November 1936. On the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939, he was named
1847:
1063:
860:
724:
642:
411:
406:
112:
107:
534:("up there"), referring to a farmstead on a hill. Josef Terboven attended
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1038:
1034:
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563:
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35:
Terboven in February 1942, during the Akershus Government Act ceremony.
1104:
Rediess, who had shot himself earlier. Terboven's family survived in
979:
972:
927:
793:
665:
from electoral constituency 23, Dusseldorf-West; he would serve as a
591:
546:
in Essen until 1915 and then volunteered for military service in the
421:
275:
931:
765:
516:
432:
267:
239:
1413:. Vol. 3 (Fritz Sauckel - Hans Zimmermann). Fonthill Media.
926:
earlier. In July 1942, at least one German guard assigned to the
918:
1500:
690:
on 10 July 1933. On 28 June 1934, Terboven married Ilse Stahl,
1234:
1232:
863:
that were stationed in Norway which were under the command of
859:
Terboven also did not have authority over the 400,000 regular
728:(Military District) VI, which included his Gau together with
1252:"Da nordmenn myrdet fanger i Korgen | Tekster og slikt"
1090:
on 8 May 1945 by detonating 50 kilograms (110 lb) of
937:
From 1941, Terboven increasingly focused on crushing the
921:
in late 1941. At one of those camps on 18 July 1942 the
646:. He would retain this post throughout the Nazi regime.
808:, in September 1940 and made his headquarters in the
2009:
Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
832:, outlawing the government-in-exile, disbanding the
659:. On 14 September 1930, Terboven was elected to the
507:, and his wife, Ilse (Stahl) Terboven died in 1972.
451:
and eventually rose through the ranks to become the
1825:
1766:
1665:
1599:
1539:
1011:On 25 September 1944, Terboven, in his capacity as
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68:
44:
21:
1029:, who executed those duties as he had been Acting
1269:skutt om lag 400 krigsfanger i forskjellige leire
1127:in Digitales Familiennamenwörterbuch Deutschlands
1041:region of northern Norway, Terboven instituted a
404:official and politician who was the long-serving
1021:units in the Gau. In reality, it was his Deputy
621:(District Leader) of the Essen district in the
503:compound in Norway. His family survived him in
2049:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
2044:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
2034:Nazis who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch
1797:(Chairman of the Administrative Council, 1940)
632:On 1 October 1928 upon the dissolution of the
562:, 1st and 2nd class, and attained the rank of
1512:
702:. On 5 February 1935, Terboven was appointed
8:
1409:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2021).
1355:
1316:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1238:
1223:
1172:
1148:
1136:
1062:, summoned Terboven to his headquarters in
992:. From there, they were transported to the
598:(Local Group) in Essen, becoming its first
1519:
1505:
1497:
29:
18:
836:and banning all political parties except
686:on 1 March 1933 and made a member of the
1478:Newspaper clippings about Josef Terboven
1449:The History of the Nazi Party: 1933-1945
1430:The History of the Nazi Party: 1919-1933
1098:compound. He died alongside the body of
800:'s completion on 10 June. He moved into
527:descent. The family name comes from the
400:(23 May 1898 – 8 May 1945) was a German
1184:
1117:
1070:on 7 May and transferred his powers to
1209:"Oslo's Old Regime Ended by Germany".
897:Repression and crimes against humanity
828:proclamation was issued deposing King
770:Terboven (seated 2nd from right) with
492:, dismissed Terboven from his post as
1196:
1160:
1015:of Essen, was named commander of the
848:on 1 February 1942 under Quisling as
185:5 February 1935 – 8 May 1945
7:
1979:German Army personnel of World War I
1777:(Prime Minister in exile, 1940–1945)
957:, a small fishing village. When the
712:. He was promoted to the rank of SA-
2039:Politicians from the Rhine Province
125:1 August 1930 – 8 May 1945
64:24 April 1940 – 7 May 1945
2089:Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945
2084:Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938
2079:Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936
2069:Members of the Reichstag 1932–1933
2014:Members of the Reichstag 1930–1932
1451:. University of Pittsburgh Press.
1432:. University of Pittsburgh Press.
694:'s former secretary and mistress.
14:
796:on 24 April 1940 even before the
2004:Holocaust perpetrators in Norway
1807:(German Commissioner for Norway)
1590:
1491:Information about Josef Terboven
964:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
821:Norwegian Administrative Council
398:Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven
312:
227:Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven
1817:(Minister President, 1942–1945)
1213:. 26 September 1940. p. 4.
962:either executed or sent to the
823:, which had been set up by the
1994:German people of Dutch descent
901:Terboven established multiple
680:, Terboven was promoted to SA-
640:status and Terboven was named
52:Occupied Norwegian Territories
1:
2074:Members of the Reichstag 1933
2024:Military personnel from Essen
2019:Members of the Reichstag 1932
1999:German people of World War II
1528:Heads of government of Norway
1376:Deutsches Historisches Museum
939:Norwegian resistance movement
810:Norwegian Parliament building
461:and was made a member of the
447:in 1923, participated in the
2059:Suicides by explosive device
1394:. TĂĽbingen: Grabert-Verlag.
1329:Goeschel, Christian (2009),
1007:Last months of war and death
994:Auschwitz concentration camp
878:Reich Minister of Propaganda
804:, the official residence of
554:9 and then with the nascent
1787:(Prime Minister, 1940 coup)
1482:20th Century Press Archives
1466:WorldStatesmen- here Norway
1335:, OUP Oxford, p. 152,
941:, which engaged in acts of
915:Bredtvet concentration camp
887:Higher SS and Police Leader
762:Reichskommissariat Norwegen
485:'s suicide, his successor,
196:Hermann Freiherr von LĂĽnick
2105:
1666:Prime ministers, 1905–1940
1600:Prime ministers, 1873–1905
1540:First ministers, 1814–1873
1385:Historisches Centrum Hagen
907:Falstad concentration camp
759:
720:Reich Defense Commissioner
468:In 1940, he was appointed
2029:Nazis who died by suicide
1588:
1493:in the Reichstag database
1082:With the announcement of
1073:General der Gebirgstruppe
1003:, and only six survived.
880:, expressed annoyance in
756:Reichskommissar of Norway
671:National-Zeiting in Essen
391:
213:
178:
118:
57:
40:
28:
1989:German newspaper editors
1447:Orlow, Dietrich (1973).
1428:Orlow, Dietrich (1969).
1356:Miller & Schulz 2021
1317:Miller & Schulz 2021
1305:Miller & Schulz 2021
1293:Miller & Schulz 2021
1281:Miller & Schulz 2021
1239:Miller & Schulz 2021
1224:Miller & Schulz 2021
1173:Miller & Schulz 2021
1149:Miller & Schulz 2021
1137:Miller & Schulz 2021
968:martial law in Trondheim
870:Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
700:Night of the Long Knives
2054:Sturmabteilung officers
1332:Suicide in Nazi Germany
825:Norwegian Supreme Court
552:Feldartillerie Regiment
358:Feldartillerie Regiment
1826:Prime ministers, 1945–
1390:Höffkes, Karl (1986).
1256:Finnbakk.Wordpress.com
783:
688:Prussian State Council
572:University of Freiburg
463:Prussian State Council
16:German Nazi politician
1984:German mass murderers
1086:, Terboven committed
905:in Norway, including
769:
678:Nazi seizure of power
610:(SA) becoming the SA-
604:. He also joined the
558:. He was awarded the
515:Terboven was born in
431:Terboven was born in
336:Years of service
1163:, pp. 140, 206.
742:Gau Westphalia-South
738:Gau Westphalia-North
582:Terboven joined the
568:University of Munich
330:Imperial German Army
1295:, pp. 451–453.
1283:, pp. 450–451.
1226:, pp. 444–445.
1199:, pp. 299–300.
1139:, pp. 437–438.
1094:in a bunker on the
1084:Germany's surrender
903:concentration camps
854:Quisling government
786:Terboven was named
519:, the son of minor
387:, 1st and 2nd class
2064:Suicides in Norway
1037:advance in to the
923:Beisfjord massacre
861:German Army forces
850:minister-president
784:
734:Gau Cologne-Aachen
710:Golden Party Badge
475:Beisfjord massacre
248:Kingdom of Prussia
208:Position abolished
160:Position abolished
1946:
1945:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1778:
1420:978-1-781-55826-3
1258:. 26 October 2016
1101:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
1027:Fritz Schlessmann
806:Crown Prince Olav
798:military invasion
715:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
601:Ortsgruppenleiter
578:Nazi Party career
550:. He served with
426:German occupation
395:
394:
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1816:
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1051:Festung Norwegen
852:, the so-called
842:Nasjonal Samling
627:Prussian Landtag
588:Beer Hall Putsch
458:SA-GruppenfĂĽhrer
449:Beer Hall Putsch
364:Luftstreitkräfte
318:
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303:Military service
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218:Personal details
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148:Position created
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87:Position created
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33:
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1767:WWII, 1940–1945
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1068:Reichskommissar
1009:
899:
891:Wilhelm Rediess
838:Vidkun Quisling
816:Reichskommissar
789:Reichskommissar
780:von Falkenhorst
764:
758:
692:Joseph Goebbels
580:
548:First World War
513:
496:on 7 May 1945.
494:Reichskommissar
470:Reichskommissar
441:First World War
417:Reichskommissar
361:
313:
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282:Political party
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47:Reichskommissar
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131:Appointed by
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86:
75:Adolf Hitler
70:Appointed by
59:
45:
1969:1945 deaths
1959:1898 births
1928:Stoltenberg
1918:Stoltenberg
1793:Christensen
1617:Schweigaard
1557:Sommerhielm
1552:Rosenkrantz
1077:Franz Böhme
1060:Karl Dönitz
1056:GroĂźadmiral
1000:S Gotenland
986:aboard the
882:his disques
537:volksschule
490:Karl Dönitz
487:GroĂźadmiral
424:during the
375:World War I
237:23 May 1898
191:Preceded by
143:Preceded by
99:Franz Böhme
82:Preceded by
1974:Gauleiters
1953:Categories
1903:Brundtland
1893:Brundtland
1883:Brundtland
1853:Gerhardsen
1843:Gerhardsen
1833:Gerhardsen
1547:Haxthausen
1197:Orlow 1973
1161:Orlow 1969
1112:References
1018:Volkssturm
830:Haakon VII
736:, most of
676:After the
596:Ortsgruppe
584:Nazi Party
560:Iron Cross
543:realschule
532:daar boven
529:Low German
511:Early life
445:Nazi Party
402:Nazi Party
385:Iron Cross
308:Allegiance
297:Bank clerk
293:Profession
286:Nazi Party
261:8 May 1945
233:1898-05-23
1753:Mowinckel
1738:Mowinckel
1723:Mowinckel
1713:Halvorsen
1703:Halvorsen
1673:Michelsen
1381:Biography
1372:Biography
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1031:Gauleiter
1023:Gauleiter
1013:Gauleiter
750:Wehrkreis
725:Wehrkreis
667:Reichstag
662:Reichstag
643:Gauleiter
556:air force
453:Gauleiter
412:Gau Essen
407:Gauleiter
339:1915–1918
181:In office
121:In office
113:Gau Essen
108:Gauleiter
60:In office
1923:Bondevik
1913:Bondevik
1873:Bratteli
1863:Bratteli
1813:Quisling
1803:Terboven
1783:Quisling
1748:Hundseid
1733:Hornsrud
1637:E. Stang
1627:E. Stang
1622:Sverdrup
1607:F. Stang
1582:F. Stang
1577:Petersen
1125:Terboven
1092:dynamite
1039:Finnmark
1035:Red Army
989:SS Donau
943:sabotage
911:Levanger
874:Goebbels
834:Storting
772:Quisling
570:and the
564:Leutnant
414:and the
348:Leutnant
272:Akershus
101:(acting)
50:for the
1933:Solberg
1908:Jagland
1888:Willoch
1868:Korvald
1743:Kolstad
1698:Knudsen
1693:Bratlie
1683:Knudsen
1678:Løvland
1657:Hagerup
1642:Hagerup
1562:Collett
1484:of the
1480:in the
1366:Sources
1096:Skaugum
1088:suicide
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959:Gestapo
955:TelavĂĄg
802:Skaugum
776:Himmler
655:of the
652:Landtag
634:GroĂźgau
623:GroĂźgau
501:Skaugum
437:Germany
288:(NSDAP)
1878:Nordli
1858:Borten
1612:Selmer
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980:Sweden
973:ad hoc
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876:, the
794:Norway
612:FĂĽhrer
592:Munich
422:Norway
381:Awards
317:
276:Norway
1938:Støre
1728:Lykke
1718:Berge
1708:Blehr
1688:Konow
1652:Blehr
1647:Steen
1632:Steen
1383:from
1374:from
909:near
525:Dutch
517:Essen
433:Essen
268:Asker
240:Essen
1898:Syse
1848:Lyng
1838:Torp
1572:Vogt
1567:Krog
1532:List
1453:ISBN
1434:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1337:ISBN
1264:2017
945:and
932:Osen
919:Oslo
913:and
792:for
778:and
740:and
722:for
540:and
420:for
354:Unit
344:Rank
258:Died
223:Born
1486:ZBW
917:in
840:’s
638:Gau
590:in
523:of
410:of
171:of
111:of
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998:M
782:.
360:9
235:)
231:(
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