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most of the leading members of the Polish
Communist Party in exile, who were arrested and shot. He retracted his testimony during his 20-minute trial, on 28 July 1938, saying that he had never been a member of the POV and confessed only because "he could not endure a long interrogation" – implying that his interrogators had used sleep deprivation to break him – but was sentenced to death and executed at the
228:
212:, the People's Commissar for War, regarded him as "an ambitious but talentless intriguer" who had been placed there to undermine him. On 6 February 1925, he was appointed Deputy People's Commissar for War. In 1930, he was transferred to economic work, in an apparent demotion. In September 1933, he was appointed head of the Civil Air Fleet. In February 1935, he replaced
777:
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told a plenum of the
Central Committee of the Communist Party that the police had uncovered a "Polish Military Organisation" (POV) of spies who had infiltrated the USSR by posing as political émigrés, and named Unszlicht as its leader. He confessed under interrogation, and named as his 'accomplices'
560:"Записка И.А. Серова и П.В. Баранова Н.С. Хрущеву о реабилитации группы бывших руководящих работников компартии Польши. 18 февраля 1955 г.(Note by I.A.Serov and P.V.Baranov to N.S.Khrushchev about the rehabilitation of a group of former leaders of the Communist Party of Poland. 18 February 1955)"
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His wife, Stefania was arrested for being the wife of a convicted counter-revolutionary and sentenced in August 1938 to either five or eight years in labour camps. She was released in 1943. They had a son, Kasimir, a student and member of
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In May 1920, after the Polish army had been forced to retreat, Unszlicht ingratiated Lenin by advising him that if the Red Army invaded Poland, they would be welcomed as liberators by the Polish workers and peasants. During the
792:
797:
585:"Доклад Комиссии ЦК КПСС Президиуму ЦК КПСС по установлению причин массовых репрессий против членов и кандидатов в члены ЦК ВКП(б), избранных на ХVII съезде партии. 9 февраля 1956 г. СкрытьРеквизиты"
752:
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200:, but they fell out in 1923, after a series of bomb attacks in Warsaw, which Unszlicht appears to have instigated, without consulting Dzerzhinsky or the leadership of the
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131:. The split became so acrimonious that the SDPKiL leadership accused Unszlicht of being a police agent, an accusation that seems to have been baseless.
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who "fought against the socialist movement in general and especially against Jewish involvement in it." In later years, Julian converted to
30:
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817:
812:
620:
473:
692:
In Stalin's secret service: An Exposé of Russia's Secret
Policies by the Former Chief of the Soviet Intelligence in Western Europe
857:
737:
396:
The
Supplement to The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian, Soviet and Eurasian History: Deni, Viktor Nikolaevich – Dzhungaria
292:, an intelligence officer who defected to the West, Unszlicht had a nephew, Max Maximov-Unszlicht, who was chief of the
296:
operating in Nazi
Germany for nearly three years and was also arrested and probably executed during the Great Purge.
63:; nicknames "Jurowski", "Leon"; 31 December 1879 – 29 July 1938) was a Polish and Russian revolutionary activist, a
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Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
768:
Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
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Candidates of the
Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
153:, where he helped organise the Bolsheviks' military organisation. He was arrested for his role in the
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564:Реабилитация: как это было. Документы Президиума ЦК КПСС и другие материалы. Март 1953 — февраль 1956
84:
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and held in
Krestny prison, but soon released. In December 1917, he was one of the founders of
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White Eagle, Red Star, The Polish–Soviet War 1919–1920 and the 'Miracle on the Vistula'
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Józef Unszlicht was arrested on 11 June 1937. Two weeks later, the head of the
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161:. In 1919 he served briefly as People's Commissar for Military Affairs in
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Stalin's Loyal Executioner: People's Commissar Nikolai Ezhov, 1895-1940
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family. He joined the revolutionary movement in 1896, as a student in
96:
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Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania politicians
173:(Vilnius) as it was being overrun by the Polish army, commanded by
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123:, who opposed Jogiches' leadership methods, and who were close to
68:
115:, he was arrested seven times in 1902–13. In 1911, he joined the
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372:. Palgrave Macmillan; 2014 edition (May 19, 2014). p. 136.
339:
Stalin's Secret Weapon: The Origins of Soviet Biological Warfare
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In 1921, Unszlicht was appointed Deputy head of Cheka, under
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Jews and the Left: The Rise and Fall of a Political Alliance
204:. He was transferred to the post of chief of supply for the
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538:. Stanford CA: Hoover Institution Press. pp. 76–77.
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Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic people
615:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008.
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studying electrical engineering. In 1900, he joined the
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Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members
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Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
79:
Unszlicht was born on 31 December 1879. He was born in
671:Они тоже гостили на земле... (They also visited Earth)
149:, and joined the Bolsheviks. In April, he moved to
119:, a group of mainly younger SDPKiL members, led by
67:government official and one of the founders of the
111:. For his conspiratorial activities in Warsaw and
753:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
393:Rhyne, George N.; Adams, Bruce Friend (2007).
425:"Уншлихт Иосиф Станиславович (Абрамов, 2005)"
8:
189:, which would have become the government of
429:Расстрелянное полокление 1937-йи дрыге годы
187:Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee
853:Executed people from Masovian Voivodeship
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613:The Revolution of 1905 and Russia's Jews
233:Chief Directorate of the Civil Air Fleet
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39:
29:
838:Perpetrators of the Red Terror (Russia)
611:Hoffman, Stefani, and Ezra Mendelsohn.
534:Marc Jansen, and Nikita Petrov (2002).
453:. London: Oxford U.P. pp. 584–585.
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218:All-Russian Central Executive Committee
142:, where he was elected a member of the
27:Polish and Russian activist (1879–1938)
823:Soviet people of Polish-Jewish descent
708:Unszlicht files from his trial in 1937
642:"Уншлихт Стефания Арнольдовна (1880)"
7:
788:Russian Constituent Assembly members
694:. New York: Harper Brothers. p. 246.
361:
359:
193:Poland had the Poles lost the war.
336:Rimmington, Anthony (2018-10-15).
169:. In April, he led the defence of
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843:Jews executed by the Soviet Union
269:Unszlicht's brother Julian was a
399:. Academic International Press.
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848:Great Purge victims from Poland
523:. London: Penguin. p. 533.
508:. London: Penguin. p. 231.
468:. London: Pimlico. p. 52.
61:Ио́сиф Станисла́вович У́ншлихт
53:Iosif Stanislavovich Unshlikht
1:
743:People from Płock Governorate
690:Krivitsky, Walter G. (1939).
667:"Уншлихт Казимир (1909-1929)"
366:Mendes, Philip (2014-05-20).
285:, who died in 1929, aged 19.
833:Polish Operation of the NKVD
808:Jews from the Russian Empire
294:Soviet military intelligence
138:, Unszlicht was in exile in
646:Открытый Список (Open List)
342:. Oxford University Press.
277:and joined the priesthood.
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506:The Interregnum, 1923–1924
255:Kommunarka shooting ground
202:Communist Party of Poland
185:, he was a member of the
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818:20th-century Polish Jews
813:19th-century Polish Jews
257:on 29 July 1938. He was
464:Davies, Norman (2003).
315:Order of the Red Banner
858:Polish revolutionaries
589:Исторические Материалы
519:Trotsky, Leon (1975).
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491:White Eagle, Red Star
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44:Unszlicht's signature
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449:Nettl, J.P. (1966).
240:Arrest and execution
216:as Secretary of the
504:Carr, E.H. (1969).
136:February Revolution
134:At the time of the
300:Honours and awards
237:
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38:
783:Polish communists
738:People from Mława
629:978-0-8122-4064-1
545:978-0-8179-2902-2
406:978-0-87569-142-8
379:978-1-137-00830-5
349:978-0-19-005034-4
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198:Felix Dzerzhinsky
183:Polish–Soviet War
103:(SDKPiL), led by
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231:Head of the
222:Soviet Union
210:Leon Trotsky
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117:rozlamovists
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109:Leo Jogiches
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828:Soviet Jews
728:1938 deaths
723:1879 births
275:Catholicism
208:, although
36:(June 1930)
717:Categories
569:22 January
323:References
271:journalist
129:Bolsheviks
434:7 October
261:in 1956.
191:communist
163:Lithuania
155:July Days
151:Petrograd
75:Biography
489:Davies.
283:Komsomol
206:Red Army
127:and the
631:P. 283.
521:My Life
220:of the
167:Belarus
144:Irkutsk
140:Siberia
91:, in a
57:Russian
676:10 May
651:10 May
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619:
594:10 May
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265:Family
235:(1935)
147:soviet
97:Warsaw
93:Jewish
65:Soviet
803:Cheka
171:Wilno
159:Cheka
107:and
81:Mława
69:Cheka
678:2023
653:2023
625:ISBN
617:ISBN
596:2023
571:2022
540:ISBN
470:ISBN
436:2020
401:ISBN
374:ISBN
344:ISBN
246:NKVD
165:and
113:Łódź
51:or
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623:,
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562:.
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55:(
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