3406:
3341:
3273:
4583:
3147:
2805:
258:
647:
403:
475:
1125:
4679:
3371:
579:
discipline and vital interests of the church seemed to be threatened. The emperor several times rebuked Fesch for what he thought to be weakness and ingratitude. It is clear, however, that the cardinal went as far as possible in counselling the submission of the spiritual to the civil power. For a time he was not on speaking terms with the pope; and
Napoleon recalled him from Rome.
3316:
4691:
70:
1221:
618:, where he was kept under surveillance in the hope that he would give way in certain matters relating to the Concordat and in other clerical affairs. Fesch ventured to write to the aged pontiff a letter which came into the hands of the emperor. His anger against Fesch was such that he stopped the sum of 150,000 florins which had been accorded to him.
4667:
638:. On the second abdication of the emperor (22 June 1815), Fesch retired to Rome along with his older sister Letizia. There he spent the rest of his days in dignified ease, surrounded by numerous masterpieces of art, many of which he bequeathed to the cities of Lyon and Ajaccio. He died in Rome in 1839.
1011:
t is still a matter of doubt whether
Napoleon and Josephine were ever married at the altar. There is not a scrap of evidence to prove it. The official account relates that on the eve of the coronation the Pope refused to officiate unless the Emperor made Josephine his wife, the Church not recognising
578:
Subsequent events damaged his prospects. In the course of the years 1806-1807 Napoleon came into sharp collision with the pope on various matters both political and religious. Fesch sought in vain to reconcile them. Napoleon was inexorable in his demands, and Pius VII refused to give way where the
1012:
the civil marriage. To avoid a scandal
Napoleon consented, and the religious ceremony was secretly performed at the Tuileries by Cardinal Fesch, with the consent of the Pope, and in the presence of Duroc, Berthier, and Talleyrand, on the night of the 1st December, 1804.
605:
In the year 1811 the emperor convoked a national council of
Gallican clerics for the discussion of church affairs, and Fesch was appointed to preside over their deliberations. Here again, however, he failed to satisfy the inflexible emperor and was dismissed to his
461:
in 1781. He was ordained as a priest in 1785, and 24 years old, he became himself the archdeacon of
Ajaccio. After the 1791 death of Luciano Buonaparte, he became for a time the protector and patron of his sister's family. In 1789, when the
621:
The disasters of the years 1812-1813 brought
Napoleon to treat Pius VII more leniently and the position of Fesch thus became for a time less difficult. However, on the first abdication of Napoleon (11 April 1814) and the restoration of the
4493:
4530:
3470:
466:
broke out, he felt, like the majority of the
Corsicans, repugnance for many of the acts of the French government during that period; in particular he protested against the application to Corsica of the act known as the
3169:
471:(July 1790). As provost of the "chapter" in that city he directly felt the pressure of events; for on the suppression of religious orders and corporations, he was constrained to retire into private life.
4741:
1087:
4155:
1807:
4516:
1378:
674:
The Fesch collection included almost 16,000 paintings (not all at the same time). The core was
Italian works of the Renaissance to the 18th century, but Fesch also had a number of
598:, but in 1810 the commission was dissolved. The hopes of Fesch with respect to Regensburg were also damped by an arrangement of the year 1810 whereby Regensburg was absorbed in
4200:
367:, but Napoleon's relationship with his uncle deteriorated as his relationship with the Pope soured. Nevertheless, Napoleon remained loyal to his uncle. Fesch wed his nephew to
4432:
1522:
3822:
2723:
2678:
2585:
2532:
2463:
2333:
2307:
2224:
2121:
2048:
4130:
567:, became grand-almoner of the empire and had a seat in the French senate. He was to receive further honours. In 1806 one of the most influential of the German clerics,
3358:
3418:
516:
religion was in the mind of the First Consul, Fesch resumed his clerical vocation and took an active part in the complex negotiations which led to the signing of the
4781:
4539:
3211:
1259:
785:
349:
4731:
3691:
3557:
502:" he became a commissary attached to that army. This part of his career is obscure, but his fortunes rose rapidly when Napoleon became First Consul, after the
543:, but soon sharply differed with him on many questions. Towards the close of 1804, Napoleon entrusted to Fesch the difficult task of securing the presence of
4776:
3749:
3480:
3353:
486:
Thereafter he shared the fortunes of the
Bonaparte family in the intrigues and strifes which ensued. Drawn gradually into espousing the French cause against
594:, but he refused the honour. Fesch did however consent to take part in an ecclesiastical commission formed by the emperor from among the dignitaries of the
4801:
1294:
1145:
1039:
4180:
3537:
2876:
4135:
3587:
3490:
3303:
718:
610:. The friction between uncle and nephew became more acute in the following year. In June 1812 Pius VII was brought from his first place of detention,
3714:
1757:
1385:
4391:
698:
and others. Another part, including the works considered most important, was sold by auction in 1845. Paintings not in Lyons or
Ajaccio include:
4771:
4736:
4523:
4483:
3552:
3465:
2926:
1140:
3121:
556:
4746:
4165:
3882:
3021:
1490:
733:
3247:
3739:
3293:
3232:
3190:
1474:
4195:
3656:
3073:
4726:
2966:
1890:
4170:
3671:
2946:
540:
449:
Angela Maria Pietrasanta. His mother had previously been married to Captain Giovanni Geronimo Ramolino, and he had an elder half-sister,
4591:
4125:
3625:
3298:
2450:
2211:
329:
55:
4488:
4478:
3867:
3242:
3078:
3053:
2548:
2198:
386:
After the end of the French Empire in 1815, he was banished from France in 1815, like the rest of the Imperial House. He relocated to
278:
87:
49:
2341:
3862:
3203:
3164:
2710:
1371:
1322:
997:
3410:
2911:
4292:
4080:
4007:
3857:
3764:
3098:
1574:
1514:
965:
468:
113:
1343:
4233:
4075:
3972:
3942:
3562:
2881:
1466:
1315:
1287:
1233:
1071:
528:
in August 1802. Six months later he received a further reward for his past services, being raised to the dignity of cardinal.
4791:
4567:
4468:
4070:
2540:
1678:
1256:
376:
3847:
3475:
2996:
1670:
1583:
1530:
257:
4473:
3769:
2906:
2896:
2471:
2315:
2294:
2232:
2152:
2015:
1750:
1635:
960:
703:
555:(2 December 1804). His tact in overcoming the reluctance of the pope (it was only eight months after the execution of the
434:
4657:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4185:
3872:
3260:
3237:
3182:
3177:
3068:
3011:
1980:
1898:
992:. Cambridge Library Collection - European History. Vol. 3. Cambridge University Press (published 2010). p. 5.
357:
4786:
4287:
3912:
3807:
3686:
3666:
3577:
3506:
3328:
2593:
2286:
2139:
1627:
572:
4562:
4110:
3962:
2976:
2871:
2826:
498:), he took several posts in civil life, until on the appointment of Napoleon Bonaparte to the command of the French "
368:
1441:
4582:
4422:
4022:
3977:
3957:
3719:
2956:
2851:
2180:
2129:
2061:
1961:
1745:
1654:
1280:
947:
891:
678:
and contemporary French works, as well as a number of classical sculptures. Fesch was a fairly early collector of
300:, he was the son of Swiss-born Franz Faesch and Angela Maria Pietrasanta, and belonged on his father's side to the
4437:
4332:
3877:
3754:
3709:
3597:
3485:
3452:
3255:
2866:
2818:
2694:
2617:
2495:
2479:
832:
675:
595:
454:
155:
29:
1036:
4796:
4145:
3992:
3947:
3277:
3272:
3016:
2846:
2836:
2649:
2633:
2511:
2426:
2273:
2257:
2160:
1934:
1498:
940:
712:
4614:
3572:
337:
1225:
4721:
4002:
3997:
3952:
3897:
3661:
3542:
3219:
2951:
2665:
2572:
2556:
2240:
2056:
1999:
1914:
1619:
1458:
325:
128:
1154:
4751:
3787:
3620:
3224:
3036:
2916:
2901:
2774:
2731:
2641:
2519:
2265:
2185:
1854:
1729:
1721:
1611:
1248:
915:
812:
798:
766:
591:
499:
282:
45:
4624:
3641:
285:. He was also one of the most famous art collectors of his period, remembered for having established the
4327:
3592:
3527:
3058:
2941:
2931:
2809:
2804:
2702:
2657:
2410:
2357:
2175:
2165:
2109:
2104:
2094:
2089:
1846:
1702:
1350:
1205:
911:
372:
124:
4140:
2386:
1184:
317:
4508:
4716:
4711:
4266:
3902:
3724:
3646:
3582:
3495:
3103:
3093:
3063:
2981:
2886:
2601:
2418:
2365:
2170:
2134:
2079:
1953:
1164:
269:(3 January 1763 – 13 May 1839) was a French priest and diplomat, who was the maternal half-uncle of
4543:
4342:
4272:
4120:
4050:
4027:
3982:
3907:
3887:
3852:
3827:
3759:
3460:
2986:
2370:
2249:
2007:
1919:
1694:
1686:
1662:
1421:
880:
564:
548:
532:
353:
33:
3567:
3006:
4683:
3802:
3532:
3383:
3345:
3340:
3088:
3041:
3001:
2747:
2739:
2434:
2394:
2206:
2099:
1863:
1838:
1830:
1782:
1603:
1151:
The following references are given for the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article on Joseph Fesch:
846:
659:
525:
391:
270:
4150:
3967:
3729:
3602:
3159:
1450:
490:
and the Anglophiles, he was forced to leave Corsica and to proceed with Laetitia and her son to
4379:
4312:
4302:
4282:
3937:
3636:
3388:
2686:
2625:
2609:
2402:
1926:
1773:
1482:
1336:
1303:
1174:
993:
871:
723:
517:
504:
463:
442:
438:
427:
309:
205:
1242:
332:("French Prince") in 1807 (a dignity he shared only with Napoleon's siblings, brother-in-law
4671:
4634:
4599:
4447:
4307:
4226:
4100:
4095:
4085:
3817:
3744:
3681:
3651:
3423:
3393:
3288:
2991:
2841:
2766:
2503:
2487:
2442:
2378:
2349:
2144:
2023:
1906:
1799:
1413:
1364:
1357:
1329:
1267:
933:
901:
861:
850:
773:
691:
623:
568:
450:
274:
4619:
4604:
4372:
4160:
3837:
3832:
3797:
3547:
3151:
3146:
3048:
2971:
2861:
2831:
2190:
2066:
1791:
1765:
1737:
1566:
1538:
1075:
1043:
790:
750:
742:
727:
495:
458:
75:
4017:
989:
A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Napoleon: With Explanatory Notes
312:
of 1799. Fesch became Archbishop of Lyon in 1802, a Cardinal in 1803, Ambassador to the
4442:
4384:
4190:
4012:
3792:
3512:
3375:
3370:
3320:
3315:
3135:
2323:
1826:
1199:
919:
887:
819:
758:
683:
635:
513:
487:
341:
286:
246:
59:
630:(March–June 1815) brought him back to France; he resumed his archiepiscopal duties at
402:
4705:
4695:
4609:
4456:
4427:
4297:
4115:
3922:
3892:
3734:
3630:
3522:
3083:
3026:
1263:
1136:
1131:
1055:
615:
544:
364:
333:
168:
474:
4646:
4463:
4408:
4322:
4277:
3987:
3779:
2936:
2921:
2891:
1068:
875:
828:
708:
679:
655:
646:
627:
587:
345:
226:
118:
25:
987:
4572:
4415:
4317:
4175:
4065:
3842:
3812:
3113:
2961:
2281:
2074:
509:
423:
380:
4678:
4221:
4060:
3928:
3676:
3031:
1506:
808:
687:
1149:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 292–293.
1106:
Almanach Du DĂ©partement de L'Escaut Pour L'an 1809-1815, Volume 1;Volume 1809
4055:
3701:
3612:
3195:
2564:
1557:
794:
738:
494:, in early autumn, 1793. Failing to find clerical duties at that time (the
1220:
69:
4557:
4403:
4398:
4337:
4216:
4090:
2856:
1871:
1241:
521:
313:
293:, which remains one of the most important Napoleonic collections of art.
778:
607:
599:
479:
415:
411:
297:
290:
201:
842:
695:
663:
611:
583:
575:, chose him to be his coadjutor and designated him as his successor.
535:
on the latter's retirement from the position of French ambassador at
491:
419:
301:
236:
1272:
626:, he retired to Rome where he received a welcome. The events of the
1198:
590:
to the French empire. In that year Napoleon conferred on Fesch the
582:
Affairs came to a crisis in the year 1809, when Napoleon issued at
3405:
1130:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
686:, Ajaccio contains much of Fesch's collection, including works by
645:
552:
473:
431:
401:
321:
305:
654:
As a member of the imperial family of France, he was given a new
631:
536:
387:
222:
4512:
4359:
4254:
3444:
2794:
2040:
1399:
1276:
457:(1718–1791), archdeacon of Ajaccio, he entered the seminary at
3471:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
3285:
811:, National Gallery, London, who have other works including a
308:. He rose to great prominence in France following Napoleon's
390:
with his half-sister Laetitia, and took up residence at the
886:
Saints George and Dominic, side panels from an altarpiece,
371:
in Paris in 1804, the day before Bonaparte was crowned as
363:
He was Napoleon's most important diplomat in regard to
4655:
586:
the decree of 17 May, ordering the annexation of the
356:
to the French imperial throne in accordance with the
4201:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
666:
family traditionally used a different coat of arms.
4742:
Members of the Chamber of Peers of the Hundred Days
4590:
4550:
4433:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
4209:
4043:
4036:
3921:
3778:
3700:
3611:
3504:
3451:
3402:
3367:
3337:
3312:
3269:
3143:
3134:
3112:
2817:
2801:
2759:
2722:
2677:
2584:
2531:
2462:
2332:
2306:
2223:
2120:
2047:
1992:
1973:
1946:
1883:
1819:
1714:
1647:
1596:
1550:
1523:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1433:
1406:
1092:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, i.e. The Met Museum
634:and was further named a member of the senate and a
252:
242:
232:
212:
187:
182:
174:
161:
148:
140:
135:
109:
101:
93:
83:
23:
1037:Cardinal Fesch and the art of his time, exhibition
658:based on the imperial coat of arms of France (cf.
304:, one of the most prominent patrician families of
4645:Several family members held additional titles in
878:, originally part of the same composition as his
531:Appointed by Napoleon on 4 April 1803 to succeed
3359:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
559:) received further recognition. He received the
547:at the forthcoming coronation of the emperor at
453:, later the mother of Napoleon. With support of
394:, dedicating himself to art and to beneficence.
524:on 15 July 1801. His reward came in being made
360:(Title III, Article 9, "The Imperial Family").
1401:Significant civil and political events by year
786:Portrait of a Seated Woman with a Handkerchief
4524:
1288:
1197:Pierre-Louis-Théophile-Georges Goyau (1913).
512:(November 1799). When the restoration of the
114:Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Vittoria
8:
4454:
4413:
4389:
4370:
3354:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1237:, which includes an entire chapter on Fesch
267:Joseph Cardinal Fesch, Prince of the Empire
4531:
4517:
4509:
4356:
4251:
4040:
3558:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
3441:
3140:
2814:
2791:
2037:
1396:
1295:
1281:
1273:
256:
68:
20:
3823:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
3481:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
3304:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1088:"Carlo Crivelli - Saint George - The Met"
682:paintings, or "Italian Primitives". The
379:, and in 1811 baptized the Emperor's son
1539:Nationalization of the Church properties
277:). In the wake of his nephew, he became
125:Cardinal-Priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina
4662:
4484:Historiography of the French Revolution
3755:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
3466:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
977:
344:in 1815, and was named a Prince of the
3491:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
3446:Other significant figures and factions
849:, London, who have another Greuze, an
4782:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
3538:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
3294:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
3233:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3191:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
1671:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
650:Coat of arms of Cardinal Joseph Fesch
328:in 1805, a sovereign prince in 1806,
7:
3692:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
3104:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
1891:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
1209:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
348:by the Pope. He was a member of the
4777:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
4568:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
3299:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
986:Bingham, Denis Arthur, ed. (1884).
4802:Cardinals created by Pope Pius VII
4489:Influence of the French Revolution
4479:Symbolism in the French Revolution
3243:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
3204:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
1459:Convocation of the Estates General
14:
4732:Members of the SĂ©nat conservateur
4131:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
3863:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
3165:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
2947:François Christophe de Kellermann
2186:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
932:Great Eagle (Grand Cross) of the
4689:
4677:
4665:
4581:
4563:Joséphine, Empress of the French
3858:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
3765:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
3735:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
3626:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
3404:
3369:
3339:
3314:
3271:
3145:
3022:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
2803:
1575:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1219:
1203:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1179:Le Pape et l'empereur, 1804–1815
1123:
966:Napoleon and the Catholic Church
469:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
4558:Napoleon, Emperor of the French
4196:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
3943:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
3868:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
3079:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
3074:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
3054:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
2882:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
1800:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
755:Saint Martin Dividing His Cloak
430:, whose family belonged to the
100:
92:
4772:French people of Swiss descent
4737:Ambassadors of France to Italy
4469:Women in the French Revolution
4071:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
3248:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
2912:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
2541:French invasion of Switzerland
1257:Spencer Napoleonica Collection
1056:"Standard STAR Web Error Page"
719:Saint Jerome in the Wilderness
426:officer in the service of the
1:
4747:19th-century French cardinals
4474:Incroyables and merveilleuses
4293:Pierre Claude François Daunou
4081:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
3212:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
3183:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
2480:Naval Engagement off Brittany
2233:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
2207:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
2016:Constitution of the Year VIII
1751:Committee of General Security
1636:National Legislative Assembly
1491:National Constituent Assembly
437:and had been ennobled in the
375:, in 1810 he wed Napoleon to
4551:Emperor and immediate family
4392:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4186:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
4076:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
3973:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
3873:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
3563:Charles Malo François Lameth
3238:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
3069:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
3012:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
2212:Second Battle of Wissembourg
1899:Constitution of the Year III
482:, now houses the Musée Fesch
4727:Princes of the Papal States
4288:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
3913:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
3848:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
3808:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
3687:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
3672:JĂ©rĂ´me PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
3667:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
3476:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
3329:William V, Prince of Orange
2199:First Battle of Wissembourg
2156:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
1872:Closing of the Jacobin Club
1741:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
1698:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
1558:Abolition of the Parlements
1531:Women's March on Versailles
1191:(4 vols., Paris, 1897–1900)
856:, a Philippe de Champaigne
573:prince-bishop of Regensburg
358:French constitution of 1804
4818:
4423:French Republican calendar
3978:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
3603:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
2957:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
2907:Charles François Dumouriez
2897:Jacques François Dugommier
2711:League of Armed Neutrality
2544:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
2496:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
2319:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2298:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
1962:Second Congress of Rastatt
1746:Committee of Public Safety
1733:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
1108:. lA.B. Stéven. p. 6.
961:François Carlo Antommarchi
948:Order of the Golden Fleece
892:Metropolitan Museum of Art
781:, National Gallery, London
734:Adoration of the Shepherds
676:Dutch Golden Age paintings
352:, and was included in the
275:Napoleon's mother Laetitia
16:French priest and diplomat
4643:
4579:
4438:Cult of the Supreme Being
4366:
4355:
4261:
4250:
3598:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
3453:Patriotic Society of 1789
3440:
3256:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
3178:Karl Aloys zu FĂĽrstenberg
2790:
2695:Convention of Alessandria
2036:
1981:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
1442:What Is the Third Estate?
1395:
1310:
156:Giovanni Battista Caprara
67:
44:
30:His Most Eminent Highness
4540:Imperial House of France
4146:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
4111:Joséphine de Beauharnais
3993:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
3963:François-Nicolas Vincent
3948:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
3122:Charles-Alexandre Linois
3017:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
2997:François Séverin Marceau
2977:François Joseph Lefebvre
2872:Jean-Étienne Championnet
2847:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
2842:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
2837:Alexandre de Beauharnais
2827:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
2549:French Invasion of Egypt
2427:Second Battle of Bassano
2161:Battle of Kaiserslautern
1935:Conspiracy of the Equals
1628:The Constitution of 1791
1499:Storming of the Bastille
941:Order of the Golden Spur
713:National Gallery, London
670:Paintings owned by Fesch
539:, Fesch was assisted by
369:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4126:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
3998:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
3958:Antoine-François Momoro
3953:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
3770:François de Neufchâteau
3720:Charles-François Lebrun
3662:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
3543:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
3419:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
3225:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
3220:Karl Mack von Leiberich
2852:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
2666:Second Battle of Zurich
2557:Irish Rebellion of 1798
2403:First Battle of Bassano
2241:Second Battle of Boulou
2042:Revolutionary campaigns
2000:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
1915:Council of Five Hundred
1703:First republic declared
1639:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
1620:Declaration of Pillnitz
1344:Constitutional monarchy
1146:Encyclopædia Britannica
418:. His father was Franz
377:Marie Louise of Austria
326:Grand Almoner of France
129:Grand Almoner of France
4573:Napoleon, King of Rome
4455:
4414:
4390:
4371:
3883:Prieur de la CĂ´te-d'Or
3878:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
3788:Maximilien Robespierre
3621:Jacques Pierre Brissot
3486:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
2917:Louis-Charles de Flers
2902:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
2867:Jean François Carteaux
2642:First Battle of Zurich
2605:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
2560:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
2520:Treaty of Campo Formio
2266:Glorious First of June
2194:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
2153:Expedition to Sardinia
1831:Desmoulins guillotined
1766:Assassination of Marat
1758:Fall of the Girondists
1730:Revolutionary Tribunal
1722:Execution of Louis XVI
1612:Champ de Mars massacre
1515:Abolition of Feudalism
1249:Encyclopedia Americana
1189:Napoleon et sa famille
916:Duke of Northumberland
833:Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
813:Philippe de Champaigne
799:Art Gallery of Ontario
767:Antonio Maria Vassallo
651:
592:archbishopric of Paris
483:
407:
406:Cardinal Joseph Fesch.
4792:French art collectors
4615:Eugène de Beauharnais
4328:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3593:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3573:Jean-François Rewbell
3059:Jean-Charles Pichegru
2942:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
2932:Jacques Maurice Hatry
2703:Battle of Hohenlinden
2576:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
2411:Battle of Emmendingen
2358:Battle of Castiglione
2245:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
2176:Battle of Hondschoote
1847:Thermidorian Reaction
1811:(throughout the year)
1584:Fête de la Fédération
1510:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
1494:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
1478:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
1243:"Fesch, Joseph"
1228:at Wikimedia Commons
1206:Catholic Encyclopedia
1161:(2 vols., Lyon, 1841)
1155:Jean Baptiste Lyonnet
1025:Catholic Encyclopedia
912:Sebastiano del Piombo
898:Lamentation of Christ
868:Hunting in the Lagoon
805:Adoration of the Magi
649:
477:
445:, and his mother was
405:
373:Emperor of the French
338:Eugène de Beauharnais
4256:Influential thinkers
4003:Jean-François Varlet
3903:Jean-Lambert Tallien
3898:Jean Bon Saint-André
3725:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
3647:Marquis de Condorcet
3496:Nicolas de Condorcet
3261:Dagobert von Wurmser
3094:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
3037:Pierre-Jacques Osten
2952:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
2887:Louis-Nicolas Davout
2877:Chapuis de Tourville
2419:Battle of Schliengen
2366:Battle of Theiningen
2287:Battle of Aldenhoven
2171:Battle of Wattignies
2140:Battle of Neerwinden
1954:Coup of 18 Fructidor
1467:Death of the Dauphin
1200:"Joseph Fesch"
1165:Louis Gustave Ricard
789:, now attributed to
330:Prince of the Empire
56:Prince of the Empire
4767:People from Ajaccio
4762:Archbishops of Lyon
4757:First French Empire
4544:First French Empire
4343:Mary Wollstonecraft
4121:Jean Sylvain Bailly
3908:Pierre Louis Prieur
3853:Jean-Henri Voulland
3828:Jacques-Louis David
3760:Jean Joseph Mounier
3461:Jean Sylvain Bailly
3099:Belgrand de Vaubois
2987:Jean-Antoine Marbot
2927:Emmanuel de Grouchy
2732:Treaty of Lunéville
2371:Battle of Neresheim
2316:Siege of Luxembourg
2295:Siege of Luxembourg
2250:Battle of Tourcoing
2181:Siege of Bellegarde
2008:Coup of 18 Brumaire
1920:Council of Ancients
1695:National Convention
1687:September Massacres
1663:Brunswick Manifesto
1655:France declares war
1422:Assembly of Vizille
1262:5 December 2012 at
1234:The Age of Napoleon
881:Two Venetian Ladies
822:& a Botticelli.
816:Vision of St Joseph
354:order of succession
34:His Serene Highness
4787:House of Bonaparte
4181:Loménie de Brienne
4156:Madame de Lamballe
4091:Napoléon Bonaparte
3888:Prieur de la Marne
3803:Camille Desmoulins
3657:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
3533:Jean-Sifrein Maury
3528:Arnaud de La Porte
3384:Alexander Korsakov
3170:Count of Clerfayt
3089:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3002:Auguste de Marmont
2857:Napoléon Bonaparte
2748:Algeciras campaign
2740:Treaty of Florence
2618:Battle of Stockach
2451:Ireland expedition
2435:Battle of Calliano
2395:Battle of Rovereto
2387:Battle of WĂĽrzburg
1839:Law of 22 Prairial
1808:Anti-clerical laws
1783:The Death of Marat
1604:Flight to Varennes
1074:2009-05-09 at the
1042:2011-09-28 at the
847:Wallace Collection
745:, who also have a
660:House of Bonaparte
652:
526:Archbishop of Lyon
484:
455:Luciano Buonaparte
410:Fesch was born at
408:
392:Palazzo Falconieri
336:, and adopted son
316:in 1804, a French
279:Archbishop of Lyon
271:Napoleon Bonaparte
74:Cardinal Fesch by
50:Archbishop of Lyon
4653:
4652:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4380:Cockade of France
4351:
4350:
4313:Antoine Lavoisier
4303:Benjamin Franklin
4283:Anacharsis Cloots
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4166:Louis de Breteuil
4008:Theophile Leclerc
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3389:Alexander Suvorov
3130:
3129:
3064:JĂłzef Poniatowski
2982:Étienne Macdonald
2786:
2785:
2687:Battle of Marengo
2650:Battle of Trebbia
2634:Battle of Cassano
2626:Battle of Magnano
2610:Battle of Ostrach
2512:Battle of Neuwied
2274:Battle of Fleurus
2258:Battle of Tournay
2135:War in the Vendée
2071:Royalist Revolts
2032:
2031:
1589:
1565:Abolition of the
1483:Tennis Court Oath
1475:National Assembly
1304:French Revolution
1224:Media related to
1175:Henri Welschinger
1169:Le Cardinal Fesch
1159:Le Cardinal Fesch
918:'s collection at
872:Vittore Carpaccio
839:The Broken Mirror
724:Leonardo da Vinci
464:French Revolution
443:Holy Roman Empire
439:Holy Roman Empire
428:Republic of Genoa
273:(half-brother of
264:
263:
206:Republic of Genoa
4809:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4682:
4681:
4670:
4669:
4668:
4661:
4635:Lucien Bonaparte
4625:JĂ©rĂ´me Bonaparte
4600:Joseph Bonaparte
4585:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4510:
4460:
4448:Temple of Reason
4419:
4395:
4376:
4357:
4308:Thomas Jefferson
4252:
4171:de Chateaubriand
4101:Joseph Bonaparte
4096:Lucien Bonaparte
4086:Marie Antoinette
4041:
4028:Sylvain Maréchal
3983:François Hanriot
3818:Louis Philippe I
3745:Louis Philippe I
3740:Philippe Égalité
3682:Olympe de Gouges
3652:Charlotte Corday
3642:Étienne Clavière
3442:
3424:Antonio Ricardos
3409:
3408:
3394:Andrei Rosenberg
3374:
3373:
3344:
3343:
3319:
3318:
3289:Ralph Abercromby
3276:
3275:
3251:
3228:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3186:
3173:
3150:
3149:
3141:
3045:
2992:Marcellin Marbot
2815:
2808:
2807:
2796:Military leaders
2792:
2779:
2771:
2767:Treaty of Amiens
2752:
2744:
2736:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2670:
2669:(25–26 Sep 1799)
2662:
2654:
2653:(17–20 Jun 1799)
2646:
2638:
2637:(27–28 Apr 1799)
2630:
2622:
2614:
2613:(20–21 Mar 1799)
2606:
2598:
2594:Second Coalition
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2504:Treaty of Leoben
2500:
2492:
2491:(14–15 Jan 1797)
2488:Battle of Rivoli
2484:
2476:
2472:Italian campaign
2455:
2447:
2446:(15–17 Nov 1796)
2443:Battle of Arcole
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2383:
2379:Battle of Amberg
2375:
2362:
2354:
2350:Battle of Lonato
2346:
2342:Italian campaign
2320:
2299:
2291:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2237:
2216:
2215:(26–27 Dec 1793)
2203:
2195:
2157:
2149:
2145:Battle of Famars
2113:
2038:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1985:
1966:
1958:
1939:
1931:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1812:
1804:
1796:
1788:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1640:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1607:(20–21 Jun 1791)
1587:
1579:
1571:
1562:
1543:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1487:
1479:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1426:
1418:
1414:Day of the Tiles
1397:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1274:
1268:Newberry Library
1253:
1245:
1223:
1210:
1202:
1150:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1084:
1078:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1046:
1034:
1028:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1006:
982:
934:Legion of Honour
902:Scipione Pulzone
854:Virgin and Child
851:Anthony van Dyck
774:Mond Crucifixion
692:Giovanni Bellini
569:Karl von Dalberg
565:Legion d'Honneur
533:François Cacault
451:Letizia Ramolino
260:
219:
197:
195:
183:Personal details
162:Created cardinal
72:
53:Sovereign Prince
21:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4797:Museum founders
4702:
4701:
4700:
4690:
4688:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4656:
4654:
4649:
4639:
4620:Elisa Bonaparte
4605:Louis Bonaparte
4586:
4577:
4546:
4537:
4507:
4498:
4373:La Marseillaise
4362:
4361:Cultural impact
4347:
4257:
4238:
4205:
4161:Madame du Barry
4151:Catherine Théot
4141:Thérésa Tallien
4032:
4023:Gracchus Babeuf
3968:François Chabot
3925:
3917:
3838:Georges Couthon
3833:Marquis de Sade
3798:Jean-Paul Marat
3774:
3730:Bertrand Barère
3696:
3607:
3588:Boissy d'Anglas
3583:Madame de Staël
3548:Antoine Barnave
3516:
3509:
3500:
3447:
3428:
3403:
3398:
3368:
3363:
3338:
3333:
3313:
3308:
3270:
3265:
3249:
3226:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3184:
3171:
3160:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
3144:
3126:
3108:
3049:Nicolas Oudinot
3039:
2972:Claude Lecourbe
2967:Charles Leclerc
2862:Guillaume Brune
2832:Pierre Augereau
2802:
2797:
2782:
2777:
2775:Treaty of Paris
2769:
2755:
2750:
2742:
2734:
2718:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2673:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2636:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2527:
2522:
2514:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2458:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2429:
2421:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2360:
2352:
2344:
2328:
2318:
2302:
2297:
2289:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2235:
2219:
2214:
2201:
2193:
2191:Siege of Toulon
2155:
2147:
2130:First Coalition
2116:
2107:
2043:
2028:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1988:
1983:
1969:
1964:
1956:
1942:
1937:
1929:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1849:
1841:
1833:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1792:Law of Suspects
1786:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1740:
1738:Reign of Terror
1732:
1724:
1710:
1705:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1657:
1643:
1638:
1630:
1622:
1614:
1606:
1592:
1577:
1569:
1560:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1525:
1518:(4–11 Aug 1789)
1517:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1451:RĂ©veillon riots
1445:
1429:
1424:
1416:
1402:
1391:
1306:
1301:
1240:
1217:
1196:
1185:Frédéric Masson
1139:, ed. (1911). "
1135:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1076:Wayback Machine
1067:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1044:Wayback Machine
1035:
1031:
1022:
1018:
1004:
1002:
1000:
985:
983:
979:
974:
957:
929:
791:Carel Fabritius
751:Perino del Vaga
743:NGA, Washington
728:Vatican Museums
672:
644:
596:Gallican Church
496:Reign of Terror
459:Aix-en-Provence
400:
221:
217:
208:
199:
193:
191:
178:Cardinal-Priest
166:
165:17 January 1803
153:
127:
123:
79:
76:Charles Meynier
62:
58:
54:
52:
40:
37:
36:
32:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4815:
4813:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4722:French princes
4719:
4714:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4686:
4674:
4651:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4592:French Princes
4588:
4587:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4547:
4538:
4536:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4513:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4443:Cult of Reason
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4387:
4385:Flag of France
4382:
4377:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4360:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4191:Jacques Necker
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4038:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4013:Claire Lacombe
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3938:Jacques HĂ©bert
3934:
3932:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3793:Georges Danton
3790:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3637:Henri Grégoire
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Camille Jordan
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
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3109:
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2716:
2708:
2700:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2663:
2658:Battle of Novi
2655:
2647:
2645:(4–7 Jun 1799)
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2590:
2588:
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2493:
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2438:(6–7 Nov 1796)
2432:
2424:
2416:
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2392:
2384:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2355:
2353:(3–4 Aug 1796)
2347:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2324:Peace of Basel
2321:
2312:
2310:
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2279:
2271:
2263:
2255:
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2220:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:Siege of Mainz
2163:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2102:
2097:
2095:Siege of Mainz
2092:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2005:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1932:
1927:13 Vendémiaire
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1904:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1779:
1774:Levée en masse
1771:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1735:
1727:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1679:10th of August
1676:
1668:
1660:
1651:
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1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1617:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1580:
1572:
1563:
1561:(Feb–Jul 1790)
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1488:
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1375:
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1354:
1347:
1340:
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1319:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1254:
1238:
1216:
1215:External links
1213:
1212:
1211:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1137:Chisholm, Hugh
1118:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1097:
1079:
1061:
1047:
1029:
1016:
998:
976:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
963:
956:
953:
952:
951:
946:Knight of the
944:
939:Knight of the
937:
928:
925:
924:
923:
920:Alnwick Castle
908:The Visitation
905:
895:
888:Carlo Crivelli
884:
865:
836:
826:Last Judgement
823:
820:Vincenzo Foppa
802:
782:
770:
759:Jan Boeckhorst
730:
715:
704:The Entombment
671:
668:
643:
640:
636:peer of France
514:Roman Catholic
488:Pasquale Paoli
478:Palais Fesch,
399:
396:
350:Imperial House
342:Peer of France
262:
261:
254:
250:
249:
247:Roman Catholic
244:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
220:(aged 76)
214:
210:
209:
200:
198:3 January 1763
189:
185:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
163:
159:
158:
152:15 August 1802
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
133:
132:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
97:15 August 1802
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
73:
65:
64:
60:Peer of France
42:
41:
38:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4814:
4803:
4800:
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4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:Faesch family
4750:
4748:
4745:
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4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
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4710:
4709:
4707:
4697:
4687:
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4680:
4675:
4673:
4663:
4659:
4648:
4647:vassal states
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4610:Joachim Murat
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4593:
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4467:
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4459:
4458:
4457:Sans-culottes
4453:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4428:Metric system
4426:
4424:
4421:
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4417:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4394:
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4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4253:
4249:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4227:Panthéon Club
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
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4182:
4179:
4177:
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4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4116:Joachim Murat
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
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4026:
4024:
4021:
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3996:
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3989:
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3909:
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3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3893:Gilbert Romme
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
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3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3715:de Cambacérès
3713:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
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3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
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3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
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3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:Madame Roland
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3568:André Chénier
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:Grace Elliott
3521:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3508:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3443:
3439:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3084:Joseph Souham
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3027:Joachim Murat
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:André Masséna
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
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2940:
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2935:
2933:
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2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
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2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2800:
2793:
2789:
2778:(25 Jun 1802)
2776:
2773:
2770:(25 Mar 1802)
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2749:
2746:
2743:(18 Mar 1801)
2741:
2738:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2698:(15 Jun 1800)
2696:
2693:
2690:(14 Jun 1800)
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2667:
2664:
2661:(15 Aug 1799)
2659:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2621:(25 Mar 1799)
2619:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2602:Siege of Acre
2600:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2574:
2573:Peasants' War
2571:
2566:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2523:(17 Oct 1797)
2521:
2518:
2515:(18 Apr 1797)
2513:
2510:
2507:(17 Apr 1797)
2505:
2502:
2499:(25 Jan 1797)
2497:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2483:(13 Jan 1797)
2481:
2478:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2428:
2425:
2422:(26 Oct 1796)
2420:
2417:
2414:(19 Oct 1796)
2412:
2409:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2382:(24 Aug 1796)
2380:
2377:
2374:(11 Aug 1796)
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2343:
2340:
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2322:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2296:
2293:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2277:(26 Jun 1794)
2275:
2272:
2267:
2264:
2261:(22 May 1794)
2259:
2256:
2253:(18 May 1794)
2251:
2248:
2242:
2239:
2236:(24 Apr 1794)
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2202:(13 Oct 1793)
2200:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2148:(23 May 1793)
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2022:
2019:(24 Dec 1799)
2017:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2003:(18 Jun 1799)
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1984:(11 May 1798)
1982:
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4464:Phrygian cap
4409:Bastille Day
4323:Thomas Paine
4278:Edmund Burke
4273:Beaumarchais
4267:Les Lumières
4265:
4106:Joseph Fesch
4105:
4018:Pauline LĂ©on
3988:Jacques Roux
3927:
3511:
2937:Lazare Hoche
2922:Paul Grenier
2892:Louis Desaix
2751:(8 Jul 1801)
2735:(9 Feb 1801)
2706:(3 Dec 1800)
2629:(5 Apr 1799)
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2011:(9 Nov 1799)
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1864:White Terror
1857:guillotined
1834:(5 Apr 1794)
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858:Annunciation
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628:Hundred Days
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253:Coat of arms
243:Denomination
227:Papal States
218:(1839-05-13)
149:Consecration
119:in commendam
117:
63:Roman Prince
39:Joseph Fesch
26:His Eminence
18:
4717:1839 deaths
4712:1763 births
4684:Catholicism
4333:Abbé Sieyès
4318:Montesquieu
4234:Social Club
4176:Jean Chouan
4066:Louis XVIII
3843:Roger Ducos
3813:Paul Barras
3780:Montagnards
3710:Abbé Sieyès
3513:monarchiens
3321:Netherlands
3250:(Hungarian)
3198:(Hungarian)
3114:French Navy
3040: [
2962:Jean Lannes
2819:French Army
2597:(1798–1802)
2568:(1798–1800)
2552:(1798–1801)
2282:Chouannerie
2243:(Pyrenees)
2108: [
2075:Chouannerie
1867:(Fall 1794)
1855:Robespierre
1005:29 November
684:Musée Fesch
510:18 Brumaire
505:coup d'Ă©tat
381:Napoleon II
310:coup d'Ă©tat
287:Musée Fesch
233:Nationality
216:13 May 1839
122:(1822–1839)
105:13 May 1839
4706:Categories
4222:Cordeliers
4136:Talleyrand
4061:Louis XVII
3923:HĂ©bertists
3677:Jean Debry
3507:Feuillants
3136:Opposition
3032:Michel Ney
2454:(Dec 1796)
2062:Thionville
1965:(Dec 1797)
1938:(May 1796)
1930:5 Oct 1795
1907:Directoire
1787:(painting)
1690:(Sep 1792)
1674:(Jun 1792)
1507:Great Fear
1446:(Jan 1789)
1337:Revolution
1117:References
809:Bramantino
801:, Toronto.
763:The Larder
688:Botticelli
549:Notre Dame
435:patriciate
194:1763-01-03
141:Ordination
102:Term ended
4672:Biography
4056:Louis XVI
4051:Charles X
3702:The Plain
3613:Girondins
3553:Lafayette
3214:(Walloon)
3196:Pál Kray
3172:(Walloon)
2714:(1800–02)
2565:Quasi-War
2024:Consulate
1910:(1795–99)
1365:Consulate
1358:Directory
1069:NGA Fesch
984:Compare:
831:, in the
795:Rembrandt
739:Giorgione
520:with the
518:Concordat
441:in 1562.
398:Biography
324:in 1805,
94:Installed
4416:Panthéon
4404:Muscadin
4399:Marianne
4338:Voltaire
4217:Jacobins
4210:Factions
3750:Mirabeau
3206:(French)
2100:Jemappes
2084:Dauphiné
1567:Nobility
1379:Journals
1372:Glossary
1351:Republic
1323:Timeline
1260:Archived
1072:Archived
1040:Archived
955:See also
860:, and a
747:Nativity
624:Bourbons
522:Holy See
314:Holy See
296:Born in
283:cardinal
169:Pius VII
154:by
46:Cardinal
4658:Portals
4542:of the
4298:Diderot
4044:Figures
3929:Enragés
3635:Father
3346:Prussia
3278:Britain
3227:(Saxon)
3185:(Swiss)
3152:Austria
1252:. 1920.
1134::
1023:Goyau,
927:Honours
862:Hobbema
779:Raphael
662:). The
608:diocese
600:Bavaria
571:, then
563:of the
480:Ajaccio
416:Corsica
412:Ajaccio
340:), and
318:senator
298:Corsica
291:Ajaccio
202:Ajaccio
4696:France
4037:Others
3376:Russia
2810:France
2475:(1797)
2345:(1796)
2080:Vendée
2057:Verdun
1884:1795–6
1827:Danton
1386:Museum
1316:Causes
1128:
996:
950:(1805)
943:(1802)
904:, MMA.
843:Greuze
696:Titian
664:Faesch
612:Savona
584:Vienna
492:Toulon
447:Nobile
420:Faesch
237:French
136:Orders
78:, 1806
4494:Films
3411:Spain
3044:]
2112:]
2105:Namur
2090:Lille
2067:Valmy
972:Notes
614:, to
553:Paris
432:Basel
424:Swiss
322:count
306:Basel
3926:and
3510:and
2760:1802
2724:1801
2679:1800
2586:1799
2533:1798
2464:1797
2334:1796
2308:1795
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1993:1799
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1947:1797
1829:and
1820:1794
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1648:1792
1597:1791
1551:1790
1434:1789
1407:1788
1007:2014
994:ISBN
818:, a
761:and
632:Lyon
537:Rome
422:, a
388:Rome
320:and
281:and
223:Rome
213:Died
188:Born
175:Rank
144:1787
88:Lyon
3286:Sir
1266:at
1143:".
765:by
757:by
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508:of
414:in
289:in
167:by
84:See
4708::
3042:fr
2110:fr
1246:.
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196:)
192:(
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