350:
and sporulation. Studies conducted in parallel defined and illuminated evolution and function of fungal mating-type loci, illustrating parallels with sex chromosome evolution of plants and animals, including the discovery and characterization of the homeodomain proteins Sxi1alpha and Sxi2a, which coordinately control cell type identity and sexual reproduction. Heitman's group has also had a long-standing interest in fungal evolution, describing how cellular processes such as sexual recombination and
28:
349:
species, known as unisexual reproduction, which involves both selfing sexual reproduction (homothallism) of isolates grown on their own without a mating partner, as well as sexual reproduction and recombination involving cell-cell fusion between individuals of the same mating type followed by meiosis
335:
from budding yeast cells to pseudohyphae, elucidating nutrient sensing signaling cascades governing this morphological transition involving GPCR-cAMP-PKA signaling cascades controlling gene expression, and discovering a novel role for the ammonium permease/Rh antigen homolog Mep2 as a transceptor for
330:
discovered TOR and FKBP12 as the targets of the immunosuppressive and antiproliferative drug rapamycin, now widely used in organ transplantation and cancer chemotherapy. Later studies elucidated key features of how the TOR signaling pathway senses nutrients to control cellular responses. Studies
776:
258:
from 1992 to 2005 and a
Burroughs Wellcome Scholar in Molecular Pathogenic Mycology from 1998 to 2005. He became Chair of the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology in 2009. Since 2019, Heitman has been co-director of the
2126:
Fraser JA, Giles SS, Wenink EC, Geunes-Boyer SG, Wright JR, Diezmann S, Allen A, Stajich JE, Dietrich FS, Perfect JR, Heitman J (October 2005). "Same-sex mating and the origin of the
Vancouver Island Cryptococcus gattii outbreak".
282:(2019) (honoring work on human fungal pathogens and identifying molecular targets of widely used immunosuppressive drugs, a seminal contribution to discovery of TOR, which regulates cell growth in response to nutrients), the
278:(2018) (for key contributions to understanding how microbial pathogens evolve, cause disease, and develop drug resistance and discovery of TOR and FKBP12 as targets of rapamycin), the Rhoda Benham Award (2018), the
161:
is an
American physician-scientist focused on research in genetics, microbiology, and infectious diseases. He is the James B. Duke Professor and Chair of the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology at
299:
254:
in 2017. In 1992, Heitman finished medical school and moved to Duke
University to set up his own laboratory in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology. He was an investigator with the
780:
274:
since 2011. Several awards have recognized his research accomplishments, including the ASBMB AMGEN Award (2002), the IDSA Squibb Award (2003) (now called the Oswald Avery Award), the
326:
Heitman's research has largely focused on studies of model and pathogenic fungi to address unsolved problems in biology and medicine. Pioneering research with the model budding yeast
2446:
2745:
270:
Heitman's research has been recognized with prestigious awards and funding opportunities, including funding by the Howard Hughes
Medical Institute from 1992 to 2005, and an
985:
802:
392:, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2015, editors: Arturo Casadevall, Aaron P. Mitchell, Judith Berman, Kyung J. Kwon-Chung, John R. Perfect, and Joseph Heitman.;
2180:"Molecular evidence that the range of the Vancouver Island outbreak of Cryptococcus gattii infection has expanded into the Pacific Northwest in the United States"
315:
251:
1969:
Calo S, Shertz-Wall C, Lee SC, Bastidas RJ, Nicolás FE, Granek JA, Mieczkowski P, Torres-Martínez S, Ruiz-Vázquez RM, Cardenas ME, Heitman J (September 2014).
295:
246:
applying yeast genetics to understand the mechanisms of action of immunosuppressive drugs. This work led to the discovery of the cellular growth regulator
2616:
271:
553:
372:, ASM Press October 2017, editors: Joseph Heitman, Barbara J. Howlett, Pedro W. Crous, Eva H. Stukenbrock, Timothy Yong James, and Neil A.R. Gow.;
260:
231:
339:
Heitman's research program has also focused extensive studies on the pathogenesis, sexual cycle, and novel drug targets of the pathogenic fungus
1007:
291:
2740:
2509:
678:
307:
2077:"Gene network polymorphism illuminates loss and retention of novel RNAi silencing components in the Cryptococcus pathogenic species complex"
82:
1869:"Cell identity and sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans are controlled by the mating-type-specific homeodomain protein Sxi1alpha"
303:
163:
1601:
Lin, X, Hull, CM, Heitman J (April 2005). "Sexual reproduction between partners of the same mating type in
Cryptococcus neoformans".
2423:
2381:
2339:
2297:
283:
230:. In 1989, after receiving his PhD from Rockefeller University, Heitman took a leave of absence from medical school to serve as an
1154:
Heitman, J, Movva, NR, Hall, MN (August 23, 1991). "Targets for cell cycle arrest by the immunosuppressant rapamycin in yeast".
255:
287:
235:
2468:
1920:"Sex-specific homeodomain proteins Sxi1alpha and Sxi2a coordinately regulate sexual development in Cryptococcus neoformans"
1513:
Pan, X, Harashima, T, Heitman, J (December 2000). "Signal transduction cascades regulating pseudohyphal differentiation of
2750:
2227:
Byrnes EJ 3rd, Li W, Lewit Y, Ma H, Voelz K, Ren P, Carter DA, Chaturvedi V, Bildfell RJ, May RC, Heitman J (April 2010).
700:
Heitman J, Movva NR, Hall MN (August 1991). "Targets for cell cycle arrest by the immunosuppressant rapamycin in yeast".
423:
311:
179:
1552:
Lengeler, KB, Davidson, RC, D'souza, C, Harashima, T, Shen, WC, Wang, P, Pan, X, Waugh, M, Heitman, J (December 2000).
824:
1097:"FK506-binding protein proline rotamase is a target for the immunosuppressive agent FK506 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae"
466:
1051:
354:
are changed in different fungal lineages, as well as the expansion of the geographic range of the emerging pathogen
275:
1655:
2595:
368:
Joseph
Heitman has served as co-editor of seven textbooks spanning microbiology, genetics, infectious diseases:
2229:"Emergence and pathogenicity of highly virulent Cryptococcus gattii genotypes in the northwest United States"
1832:
Fraser, JA, Heitman, J (September 2005). "Chromosomal sex-determining regions in animals, plants and fungi".
211:
2709:
1073:
2755:
1788:
846:
439:
388:, ASM Press 2006, editors: Joseph Heitman, Scott G. Filler, John E. Edwards Jr., and Aaron P. Mitchell.;
215:
2362:
Heitman, Joseph; Kozel, Thomas R; Kwon-Chung, Kyung J; Perfect, John R; Casadevall, Arturo, eds. (2010).
1360:"The G protein-coupled receptor Gpr1 is a nutrient sensor that regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in
1728:
Fraser, JA, Diezmann, S, Subaran, RL, Allen, A, Lengeler, KB, Dietrich, FS, Heitman, J (December 2004).
777:"Heitman and Cowen Awarded CIFAR for Research Program "The Fungal Kingdom: Threats & Opportunities""
376:, ASM Press 2007, editors: Joseph Heitman, James W. Kronstad, John W. Taylor, and Lorna A. Casselton.;
279:
191:
78:
54:
194:
from 1980 to 1984. There he began his research career, working in the laboratories of organic chemist
2136:
1982:
1610:
1163:
1108:
709:
1793:
381:
356:
183:
2160:
1814:
1634:
1187:
733:
396:, Wiley Press June 2012, editors: L. David Sibley, Barbara J. Howlett, and Joseph Heitman.; and
223:
199:
92:
2405:
2363:
2321:
2279:
1358:
Lorenz, MC, Pan, X, Harashima, T, Cardenas, ME, Xue, Y, Hirsch, JP, Heitman, J (February 2000).
2617:"Co-Editor in Chief, Frontiers Cellular and Infection Microbiology Fungal Pathogenesis section"
1730:"Convergent evolution of chromosomal sex-determining regions in the animal and fungal kingdoms"
243:
2505:
2419:
2377:
2335:
2293:
2260:
2209:
2152:
2108:
2057:
2008:
1951:
1900:
1849:
1806:
1761:
1710:
1626:
1583:
1534:
1495:
1466:"Protein kinase A operates a molecular switch that governs yeast pseudohyphal differentiation"
1446:
1393:
1340:
1287:
1238:
1179:
1136:
945:
725:
660:
609:
522:
203:
187:
145:
1677:
Lengeler KB, Fox DS, Fraser JA, Allen A, Forrester K, Dietrich FS, Heitman J (October 2002).
2532:
2497:
2411:
2369:
2327:
2285:
2250:
2240:
2199:
2191:
2144:
2098:
2088:
2047:
2039:
1998:
1990:
1941:
1931:
1890:
1880:
1841:
1798:
1751:
1741:
1700:
1690:
1618:
1573:
1565:
1526:
1485:
1477:
1436:
1428:
1383:
1375:
1330:
1322:
1277:
1269:
1228:
1218:
1171:
1126:
1116:
935:
925:
717:
650:
640:
599:
591:
512:
504:
351:
2553:
890:
2679:
1679:"Mating-type locus of Cryptococcus neoformans: a step in the evolution of sex chromosomes"
433:
239:
106:
2719:
2658:
2140:
1986:
1614:
1167:
1112:
803:"duke-physician-scientist-receives-prestigious-nih-merit-award-studies-fungal-unisexual"
713:
2255:
2228:
2204:
2179:
2103:
2076:
2052:
2027:
2003:
1970:
1946:
1919:
1388:
1359:
1335:
1306:
1282:
1257:
940:
913:
655:
628:
604:
579:
517:
492:
405:
2637:
1895:
1868:
1756:
1729:
1705:
1678:
1530:
1490:
1465:
1233:
1206:
2734:
2320:
Heitman, Joseph; Kronstad, James W; Taylor, John W; Casselton, Lorna A, eds. (2007).
1802:
1578:
1553:
1481:
1441:
1412:
1131:
1096:
411:
264:
227:
96:
2178:
Byrnes EJ 3rd, Bildfell RJ, Frank SA, Mitchell TG, Marr KA, Heitman J (April 2009).
1638:
286:'s Award for Basic Research (2019), and the Distinguished Mycologist Award from the
2404:
Heitman, Joseph; Filler, Scott G; Edwards, John E; Mitchell, Aaron P, eds. (2006).
2164:
1818:
1569:
1191:
737:
445:
341:
2491:
2245:
2093:
1746:
1379:
914:"E pluribus unum: the fungal kingdom as a Rosetta Stone for biology and medicine"
754:
645:
1936:
1695:
930:
195:
1413:"Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in
1273:
207:
2724:
2714:
2703:
2501:
2028:"Sex-induced silencing defends the genome of Cryptococcus neoformans via RNAi"
1845:
1779:
Fraser, JA, Heitman, J (January 2004). "Evolution of fungal sex chromosomes".
1326:
1207:"The TOR signaling cascade regulates gene expression in response to nutrients"
508:
219:
73:
2574:
2026:
Wang, X, Hsueh, YP, Li, W, Floyd, A, Skalskey, R, Heitman J (November 2010).
1175:
1008:"price-kornbluth-and-six-senior-faculty-join-american-academy-arts-sciences"
963:
868:
721:
27:
2264:
2213:
2156:
2112:
2061:
2012:
1955:
1904:
1853:
1810:
1765:
1714:
1630:
1587:
1538:
1499:
1450:
1397:
1258:"Yeast pseudohyphal growth is regulated by GPA2, a G protein alpha homolog"
1242:
1223:
1121:
949:
664:
613:
526:
2415:
2373:
2331:
2289:
2075:
Feretzaki, M, Billmyre, RB, Clancey, SA, Wang, X, Heitman J (April 2005).
1554:"Signal transduction cascades regulating fungal development and virulence"
1432:
1344:
1291:
1205:
Cardenas ME, Cutler NS, Lorenz MC, Di Como CJ, Heitman J (December 1999).
1183:
1140:
1029:
729:
345:. His group described a previously unknown form of sexual reproduction in
175:
2148:
2043:
1994:
1885:
1622:
1307:"The MEP2 ammonium permease regulates pseudohyphal differentiation in
595:
431:, and from 2006 to present on the editorial boards for the journals
400:, Springer Press, 2007, editors: John L. Nitiss and Joseph Heitman.
374:
Sex in Fungi: Molecular
Determination and Evolutionary Implications
2195:
1971:"Antifungal drug resistance evoked via RNAi-dependent epimutations"
429:
Frontiers
Cellular and Infection Microbiology | Fungal Pathogenesis
417:
247:
2278:
Heitman; Howlett; Crous; Stukenbrock; James; Gow, eds. (2017).
779:. Duke University Medical School. 8 April 2019. Archived from
1095:
Heitman, J, Movva, NR, Hiestand, PC, Hall, MN (March 1991).
493:"Talking TOR: A conversation with Joe Heitman and Rao Movva"
380:, ASM Press 2011, editors: Joseph Heitman, Thomas R. Kozel,
403:
Joseph
Heitman serves as an editor for journals including
2720:
CIFAR program Fungal Kingdom: Threats & Opportunities
2715:
Duke University "Thoughts on Mentoring" Series interview
1052:"two duke faculty elected national academy of sciences"
580:"Joseph Heitman receives the 2018 ASCI/Korsmeyer Award"
290:(2021). Heitman is an elected fellow or member of the
1656:"2019 Edward Novitski Prize awarded to Joseph Heitman"
2407:
textbook Molecular Principles of Fungal Pathogenesis
1867:
Hull, CM, Davidson, RC, Heitman, J (December 2002).
988:. Duke University School of Medicine. 11 August 2021
629:"On the Discovery of TOR as the Target of Rapamycin"
755:"Joseph Heitman, MD, PhD HHMI alumnus investigator"
300:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
141:
133:
125:
117:
112:
102:
88:
72:
67:
50:
46:
geneticist, microbiologist, and molecular biologist
42:
34:
18:
298:(2003), American Academy of Microbiology (2004),
263:'s Fungal Kingdom program along with co-director
2596:"Fungal Genetics & Biology board of editors"
2493:textbook on Yeast as a model for cancer research
378:Cryptococcus: From Human Pathogen to Model Yeast
129:Mycology, Genomics, Evolution, Molecular Biology
1658:. Genetics Society of America. 12 February 2019
2710:Duke University "Thoughts on Mentoring" Series
2490:Nitiss, John L; Heitman, Joseph, eds. (2007).
2469:"textbook on Evolution of Microbial Virulence"
1918:Hull, CM, Boily, MJ, Heitman, J (March 2005).
331:were conducted on the dimorphic transition of
316:German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
252:Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
871:. American Society for Clinical Investigation
394:Evolution of Virulence in Eukaryotic Microbes
190:program in chemistry and biochemistry at the
8:
364:Roles as editor and in scientific publishing
825:"Molecular Biologist Receives Commendation"
386:Molecular Principles of Fungal Pathogenesis
384:, John R. Perfect, and Arturo Casadevall.;
296:American Society for Clinical Investigation
121:Microbiology, Genetics, Infectious Diseases
2746:Duke University School of Medicine faculty
15:
2659:"Cell Host & Microbe editorial board"
2254:
2244:
2203:
2102:
2092:
2051:
2002:
1945:
1935:
1894:
1884:
1792:
1755:
1745:
1704:
1694:
1577:
1489:
1440:
1387:
1334:
1281:
1232:
1222:
1130:
1120:
939:
929:
654:
644:
603:
516:
272:National Institutes of Health MERIT Award
1256:Lorenz, MC, Heitman, J (December 1997).
893:. Medical Mycological Society of America
849:. Infectious Diseases Society of America
548:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
261:Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
1032:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
458:
250:for which Michael Hall was awarded the
174:Joseph Heitman grew up in southwestern
1650:
1648:
1305:Lorenz, MC, Heitman, J (August 1998).
827:. Duke University News. 27 August 2001
749:
747:
486:
484:
292:Infectious Diseases Society of America
573:
571:
554:"Joseph Heitman, MD, PhD - Biography"
308:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
7:
556:. Duke University School of Medicine
469:. Duke University School of Medicine
83:Cornell and Rockefeller Universities
2706:for oral history of mycology series
966:. American Society for Microbiology
681:. Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation
234:-sponsored long-term fellow at the
398:Yeast as a Tool in Cancer Research
304:Association of American Physicians
164:Duke University School of Medicine
137:Duke University School of Medicine
14:
2638:"Current Biology editorial board"
2447:"textbook Human Fungal Pathogens"
757:. Howard Hughes Medical Institute
584:Journal of Clinical Investigation
284:American Society for Microbiology
2533:"PLOS Pathogens editorial board"
1803:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03874.x
1482:10.1128/mcb.22.12.3981-3993.2002
1464:Pan, X, Heitman, J (June 2002).
1411:Pan, X, Heitman, J (July 1999).
1054:. Duke University. 27 April 2021
1010:. Duke University. 23 April 2020
26:
2680:"PLOS Biology board of editors"
2554:"PLOS Genetics editorial board"
891:"Rhoda Benham Award Recipients"
256:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1570:10.1128/mmbr.64.4.746-785.2000
1076:. National Academy of Sciences
336:nitrogen source availability.
288:Mycological Society of America
236:Biozentrum University of Basel
1:
1531:10.1016/s1369-5274(00)00142-9
491:Williams, Corinne L. (2018).
424:Fungal Genetics & Biology
2741:University of Chicago alumni
2246:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000850
2094:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005868
1747:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020384
912:Heitman J (September 2019).
869:"Stanley J. Korsmeyer Award"
646:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005245
312:National Academy of Sciences
180:Portage Northern High School
2281:textbook The Fungal Kingdom
1937:10.1128/EC.4.3.526-535.2005
1696:10.1128/ec.1.5.704-718.2002
931:10.1534/genetics.119.302537
805:. Duke Health. 21 June 2011
206:. In 1984, he began a dual
2772:
1380:10.1093/genetics/154.2.609
276:Stanley J. Korsmeyer Award
2502:10.1007/978-1-4020-5963-6
1846:10.1016/j.gde.2005.09.002
1074:"news/2021/ nas election"
509:10.1172/jci.insight.99816
467:"Joseph Heitman, MD, PhD"
152:
63:
25:
1515:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1415:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1362:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1309:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
1274:10.1093/emboj/16.23.7008
1101:Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
627:Heitman, Joseph (2015).
333:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
328:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2575:"mBio Board of Editors"
2032:Genes & Development
1327:10.1093/emboj/17.5.1236
1176:10.1126/science.1715094
847:"IDSA Award Recipients"
722:10.1126/science.1715094
578:Jackson, Sarah (2018).
440:Cell Host & Microbe
212:Cornell Medical College
2704:Interview with Heitman
1781:Molecular Microbiology
1558:Microbiol Mol Biol Rev
1224:10.1101/gad.13.24.3271
1122:10.1073/pnas.88.5.1948
964:"ASM Award Recipients"
390:Human Fungal Pathogens
216:Rockefeller University
182:. He completed a dual
2416:10.1128/9781555815776
2374:10.1128/9781555816858
2365:textbook Cryptococcus
2332:10.1128/9781555815837
2323:textbook Sex in Fungi
2290:10.1128/9781555819583
1433:10.1128/mcb.19.7.4874
986:"MSA Award Recipient"
280:Edward Novitski Prize
202:, and bacteriologist
192:University of Chicago
79:University of Chicago
55:Edward Novitski Prize
2751:American mycologists
783:on 27 September 2019
679:"2017 Lasker Awards"
170:Education and career
2727:, November 19, 2020
2149:10.1038/nature04220
2141:2005Natur.437.1360F
2044:10.1101/gad.1970910
1995:10.1038/nature13575
1987:2014Natur.513..555C
1886:10.1101/gad.1041402
1834:Curr Opin Genet Dev
1623:10.1038/nature03448
1615:2005Natur.434.1017L
1519:Curr Opin Microbiol
1168:1991Sci...253..905H
1113:1991PNAS...88.1948H
714:1991Sci...253..905H
382:Kyung J. Kwon-Chung
357:Cryptococcus gattii
184:Bachelor of Science
148:(postdoc 2000-2003)
68:Academic background
2496:. Springer Press.
1030:"new-members-2020"
370:The Fungal Kingdom
2725:MycoTalks Seminar
2511:978-1-4020-5962-9
1879:(23): 3046–3060.
1609:(7036): 1017–21.
1476:(12): 3981–3993.
1268:(23): 7008–7018.
1217:(24): 3271–3279.
1162:(5022): 905–909.
596:10.1172/JCI120588
222:in bacteria with
204:Malcolm Casadaban
188:Master of Science
156:
155:
146:Christina M. Hull
2763:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2207:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2135:(7063): 1360–4.
2123:
2117:
2116:
2106:
2096:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2055:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2006:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1949:
1939:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1898:
1888:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1796:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1749:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1493:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1444:
1427:(7): 4874–4887.
1408:
1402:
1401:
1391:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1321:(5): 1236–1247.
1302:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1124:
1107:(5): 1948–1952.
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
960:
954:
953:
943:
933:
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
887:
881:
880:
878:
876:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
843:
837:
836:
834:
832:
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
751:
742:
741:
697:
691:
690:
688:
686:
675:
669:
668:
658:
648:
639:(11): e1005245.
624:
618:
617:
607:
590:(4): 1205–1207.
575:
566:
565:
563:
561:
550:
531:
530:
520:
488:
479:
478:
476:
474:
463:
352:RNA interference
314:(2021), and the
142:Notable students
89:Doctoral advisor
59:
30:
16:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2731:
2730:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2579:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2239:(4): e1000850.
2226:
2225:
2221:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2087:(3): e1005868.
2074:
2073:
2069:
2038:(22): 2566–82.
2025:
2024:
2020:
1981:(7519): 555–8.
1968:
1967:
1963:
1924:Eukaryotic Cell
1917:
1916:
1912:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1794:10.1.1.474.9652
1778:
1777:
1773:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1683:Eukaryotic Cell
1676:
1675:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
984:
983:
979:
969:
967:
962:
961:
957:
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
889:
888:
884:
874:
872:
867:
866:
862:
852:
850:
845:
844:
840:
830:
828:
823:
822:
818:
808:
806:
801:
800:
796:
786:
784:
775:
774:
770:
760:
758:
753:
752:
745:
708:(5022): 905–9.
699:
698:
694:
684:
682:
677:
676:
672:
626:
625:
621:
577:
576:
569:
559:
557:
552:
551:
534:
490:
489:
482:
472:
470:
465:
464:
460:
455:
434:Current Biology
366:
324:
240:Michael N. Hall
172:
107:Michael N. Hall
57:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2769:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2699:
2698:External links
2696:
2693:
2692:
2671:
2650:
2629:
2608:
2587:
2566:
2545:
2524:
2510:
2482:
2460:
2438:
2424:
2396:
2382:
2354:
2340:
2312:
2298:
2270:
2219:
2196:10.1086/597306
2170:
2118:
2067:
2018:
1961:
1930:(3): 526–535.
1910:
1859:
1840:(6): 645–651.
1824:
1787:(2): 299–306.
1771:
1720:
1689:(5): 704–718.
1669:
1644:
1593:
1564:(4): 746–785.
1544:
1525:(6): 567–572.
1505:
1456:
1403:
1374:(2): 609–622.
1350:
1297:
1248:
1197:
1146:
1087:
1065:
1043:
1021:
999:
977:
955:
904:
882:
860:
838:
816:
794:
768:
743:
692:
670:
633:PLOS Pathogens
619:
567:
532:
480:
457:
456:
454:
451:
406:PLOS Pathogens
365:
362:
323:
320:
171:
168:
159:Joseph Heitman
154:
153:
150:
149:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
126:Sub-discipline
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
104:
103:Other advisors
100:
99:
90:
86:
85:
76:
70:
69:
65:
64:
61:
60:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
23:
22:
20:Joseph Heitman
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2768:
2757:
2756:Living people
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2513:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2486:
2483:
2471:. Wiley Press
2470:
2464:
2461:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2427:
2425:9781683671800
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2397:
2385:
2383:9781683671220
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2355:
2343:
2341:9781683671602
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2313:
2301:
2299:9781555819576
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:(7): 1081–6.
2189:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:PLOS Genetics
2078:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1670:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1470:Mol Cell Biol
1467:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:Mol Cell Biol
1418:
1416:
1407:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1009:
1003:
1000:
987:
981:
978:
965:
959:
956:
951:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
908:
905:
892:
886:
883:
870:
864:
861:
848:
842:
839:
826:
820:
817:
804:
798:
795:
782:
778:
772:
769:
756:
750:
748:
744:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
696:
693:
680:
674:
671:
666:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
623:
620:
615:
611:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
574:
572:
568:
555:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
537:
533:
528:
524:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
487:
485:
481:
468:
462:
459:
452:
450:
448:
447:
442:
441:
436:
435:
430:
426:
425:
420:
419:
414:
413:
412:PLOS Genetics
408:
407:
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
363:
361:
359:
358:
353:
348:
344:
343:
337:
334:
329:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
265:Leah E. Cowen
262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:working with
237:
233:
229:
228:Norton Zinder
225:
221:
218:, working on
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:, biochemist
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:and attended
177:
169:
167:
165:
160:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:Academic work
111:
108:
105:
101:
98:
97:Norton Zinder
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
75:
71:
66:
62:
56:
53:
49:
45:
43:Occupation(s)
41:
37:
33:
29:
24:
17:
2683:. Retrieved
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2569:
2557:. Retrieved
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2527:
2515:. Retrieved
2492:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2449:. CSHL Press
2441:
2429:. Retrieved
2406:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2364:
2357:
2345:. Retrieved
2322:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2280:
2273:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2187:
2184:J Infect Dis
2183:
2173:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2035:
2031:
2021:
1978:
1974:
1964:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1784:
1780:
1774:
1740:(12): e384.
1737:
1734:PLOS Biology
1733:
1723:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1660:. Retrieved
1606:
1602:
1596:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1406:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1353:
1318:
1315:EMBO Journal
1314:
1308:
1300:
1265:
1262:EMBO Journal
1261:
1251:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1024:
1012:. Retrieved
1002:
990:. Retrieved
980:
968:. Retrieved
958:
921:
917:
907:
895:. Retrieved
885:
875:12 September
873:. Retrieved
863:
851:. Retrieved
841:
829:. Retrieved
819:
807:. Retrieved
797:
787:12 September
785:. Retrieved
781:the original
771:
759:. Retrieved
705:
701:
695:
683:. Retrieved
673:
636:
632:
622:
587:
583:
558:. Retrieved
500:
496:
471:. Retrieved
461:
446:PLOS Biology
444:
438:
432:
428:
422:
416:
410:
404:
402:
397:
393:
389:
385:
377:
373:
369:
367:
355:
347:Cryptococcus
346:
342:Cryptococcus
340:
338:
332:
327:
325:
310:(2020), the
306:(2006), the
302:(2004), the
269:
173:
158:
157:
134:Institutions
2233:PLOS Pathog
497:JCI Insight
224:Peter Model
210:program at
200:Kan Agarwal
196:Josef Fried
93:Peter Model
35:Nationality
2735:Categories
970:15 January
924:(1): 1–7.
453:References
220:DNA repair
118:Discipline
74:Alma mater
2685:March 16,
2664:March 16,
2643:March 16,
2622:March 16,
2601:March 16,
2580:March 16,
2559:March 16,
2538:March 16,
1873:Genes Dev
1789:CiteSeerX
1211:Genes Dev
992:14 August
897:2 October
853:2 October
831:2 October
294:(2003),
244:Rao Movva
2517:15 March
2475:15 March
2453:15 March
2431:15 March
2389:15 March
2347:15 March
2305:15 March
2265:20421942
2214:19220140
2157:16222245
2113:26943821
2062:21078820
2013:25079329
1956:15755915
1905:12464634
1854:16182521
1811:14756773
1766:15538538
1715:12455690
1639:52857557
1631:15846346
1588:11104818
1539:11121775
1500:12024012
1451:10373537
1398:10655215
1368:Genetics
1243:10617575
1080:29 April
1058:29 April
1036:26 April
1014:26 April
950:31488591
918:Genetics
665:26540102
614:29608142
527:29467327
322:Research
318:(2021).
176:Michigan
38:American
2410:. ASM.
2368:. ASM.
2326:. ASM.
2284:. ASM.
2256:2858702
2205:2715219
2165:4358966
2137:Bibcode
2104:4778953
2053:2975932
2004:4177005
1983:Bibcode
1947:1087792
1819:2467616
1662:23 July
1611:Bibcode
1389:1460933
1345:9482721
1336:1170472
1292:1705713
1283:1170304
1192:9937225
1184:1715094
1164:Bibcode
1156:Science
1141:1705713
1109:Bibcode
941:6727799
738:9937225
730:1715094
710:Bibcode
702:Science
685:23 July
656:4634758
605:5873853
560:23 July
518:5916239
473:23 July
2508:
2422:
2380:
2338:
2296:
2263:
2253:
2212:
2202:
2163:
2155:
2129:Nature
2111:
2101:
2060:
2050:
2011:
2001:
1975:Nature
1954:
1944:
1903:
1896:187491
1893:
1852:
1817:
1809:
1791:
1764:
1757:526376
1754:
1713:
1706:126754
1703:
1637:
1629:
1603:Nature
1586:
1576:
1537:
1498:
1491:133872
1488:
1449:
1439:
1396:
1386:
1343:
1333:
1290:
1280:
1241:
1234:317202
1231:
1190:
1182:
1139:
1129:
948:
938:
809:23 May
761:23 May
736:
728:
663:
653:
612:
602:
525:
515:
443:, and
427:, and
208:MD–PhD
58:(2019)
51:Awards
2161:S2CID
1815:S2CID
1635:S2CID
1579:99013
1442:84286
1188:S2CID
1132:51143
734:S2CID
503:(4).
2687:2021
2666:2021
2645:2021
2624:2021
2603:2021
2582:2021
2561:2021
2540:2021
2519:2020
2506:ISBN
2477:2020
2455:2020
2433:2020
2420:ISBN
2391:2020
2378:ISBN
2349:2020
2336:ISBN
2307:2020
2294:ISBN
2261:PMID
2210:PMID
2153:PMID
2109:PMID
2058:PMID
2009:PMID
1952:PMID
1901:PMID
1850:PMID
1807:PMID
1762:PMID
1711:PMID
1664:2019
1627:PMID
1584:PMID
1535:PMID
1496:PMID
1447:PMID
1394:PMID
1341:PMID
1288:PMID
1239:PMID
1180:PMID
1137:PMID
1082:2021
1060:2021
1038:2020
1016:2020
994:2021
972:2020
946:PMID
899:2020
877:2019
855:2020
833:2020
811:2020
789:2019
763:2020
726:PMID
687:2019
661:PMID
610:PMID
562:2019
523:PMID
475:2019
418:mBio
242:and
232:EMBO
226:and
214:and
2498:doi
2412:doi
2370:doi
2328:doi
2286:doi
2251:PMC
2241:doi
2200:PMC
2192:doi
2188:199
2145:doi
2133:437
2099:PMC
2089:doi
2048:PMC
2040:doi
1999:PMC
1991:doi
1979:513
1942:PMC
1932:doi
1891:PMC
1881:doi
1842:doi
1799:doi
1752:PMC
1742:doi
1701:PMC
1691:doi
1619:doi
1607:434
1574:PMC
1566:doi
1527:doi
1517:".
1486:PMC
1478:doi
1437:PMC
1429:doi
1384:PMC
1376:doi
1372:154
1331:PMC
1323:doi
1278:PMC
1270:doi
1229:PMC
1219:doi
1172:doi
1160:253
1127:PMC
1117:doi
936:PMC
926:doi
922:213
718:doi
706:253
651:PMC
641:doi
600:PMC
592:doi
588:128
513:PMC
505:doi
248:TOR
2737::
2504:.
2418:.
2376:.
2334:.
2292:.
2259:.
2249:.
2235:.
2231:.
2208:.
2198:.
2186:.
2182:.
2159:.
2151:.
2143:.
2131:.
2107:.
2097:.
2085:12
2083:.
2079:.
2056:.
2046:.
2036:24
2034:.
2030:.
2007:.
1997:.
1989:.
1977:.
1973:.
1950:.
1940:.
1926:.
1922:.
1899:.
1889:.
1877:16
1875:.
1871:.
1848:.
1838:15
1836:.
1813:.
1805:.
1797:.
1785:51
1783:.
1760:.
1750:.
1736:.
1732:.
1709:.
1699:.
1685:.
1681:.
1647:^
1633:.
1625:.
1617:.
1605:.
1582:.
1572:.
1562:64
1560:.
1556:.
1533:.
1521:.
1494:.
1484:.
1474:22
1472:.
1468:.
1445:.
1435:.
1425:19
1423:.
1419:.
1392:.
1382:.
1370:.
1366:.
1339:.
1329:.
1319:17
1317:.
1313:.
1286:.
1276:.
1266:16
1264:.
1260:.
1237:.
1227:.
1215:13
1213:.
1209:.
1186:.
1178:.
1170:.
1158:.
1135:.
1125:.
1115:.
1105:88
1103:.
1099:.
944:.
934:.
920:.
916:.
746:^
732:.
724:.
716:.
704:.
659:.
649:.
637:11
635:.
631:.
608:.
598:.
586:.
582:.
570:^
535:^
521:.
511:.
499:.
495:.
483:^
449:.
437:,
421:,
415:,
409:,
360:.
267:.
166:.
95:,
81:,
2689:.
2668:.
2647:.
2626:.
2605:.
2584:.
2563:.
2542:.
2521:.
2500::
2479:.
2457:.
2435:.
2414::
2393:.
2372::
2351:.
2330::
2309:.
2288::
2267:.
2243::
2237:6
2216:.
2194::
2167:.
2147::
2139::
2115:.
2091::
2064:.
2042::
2015:.
1993::
1985::
1958:.
1934::
1928:4
1907:.
1883::
1856:.
1844::
1821:.
1801::
1768:.
1744::
1738:2
1717:.
1693::
1687:1
1666:.
1641:.
1621::
1613::
1590:.
1568::
1541:.
1529::
1523:3
1502:.
1480::
1453:.
1431::
1417:"
1400:.
1378::
1364:"
1347:.
1325::
1311:"
1294:.
1272::
1245:.
1221::
1194:.
1174::
1166::
1143:.
1119::
1111::
1084:.
1062:.
1040:.
1018:.
996:.
974:.
952:.
928::
901:.
879:.
857:.
835:.
813:.
791:.
765:.
740:.
720::
712::
689:.
667:.
643::
616:.
594::
564:.
529:.
507::
501:3
477:.
186:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
