117:. More experienced in radar than Elliot, Lockard considered it highly unusual to see 180 planes showing up on his radar. Lockard and Elliot detected the formation 132 miles (212 km) out, close to their oscilloscope's 150 miles (240 km) display limit. Initially puzzled over the oscilloscope's pronounced reading, they confirmed that the radar was in good working order. Lockard then called his immediate supervisor, but was unable to reach him. Elliot contacted the Intercept Center at Fort Shafter. McDonald received the call and Elliott requested the plotters. When McDonald indicated that the plotters had left, Elliott warned that a large number of planes were en route to Hawaii from the north 3 points east. Assuming he was the only one left at the center, McDonald replied that he did not know what to do since no one else was there with him. Suddenly, the connection went dead.
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McDonald relayed to
Lockard Tyler's general lack of urgency. More frantic than his colleague Elliot, Lockard warned that a large number of aircraft were headed quickly towards Oahu, covering the entire scope. Holding Lockard on the line, McDonald returned to Tyler at the plotters table, advising him of the urgency in Lockard's voice. When Tyler suggested to McDonald that it was likely a formation of
170:". Colonel W.H. Tetley, Commanding Officer of the 580th Aircraft Warning Company Signal Corps, lauded McDonald's efforts to notify Tyler, noting that had Tyler informed the Fighter Wing, it may have been able to get airborne in sufficient time to intercept and reduce the impact of the attack, saving lives, fleet, aircraft and equipment.
82:'s whereabouts. At 04:00 7 December 1941, USAAC radar plotters arrived to operate radars for their scheduled 04:00 to 07:00 shift. After the radar plotters left the Intercept Center at 07:00 to eat breakfast, McDonald remained at his post beyond his 06:00 schedule until his shift replacement, Schimmel, arrived from breakfast.
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Exhausted from working a 14-hour shift, McDonald elected to contact
Wheeler Field from the orderly tent next to his tent overlooking Pearl Harbor. However, the orderly tent's Sergeant was using it. After returning to his tent, McDonald warned his tent mate, Schimmel that the Japanese were en route to
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Lockard and Elliot tracked the planes on the radar oscilloscope from 07:02 until the signal was lost at 07:40 AM due to background interference from the permanent echo created by the surrounding mountains. At approximately 07:45 Lockard switched off his radar to ride back to his base for breakfast.
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aircraft coming from the continental United States, Lockard requested to speak directly with Tyler. When
Lockard again warned Tyler about planes en route to Oahu, Tyler told Lockard, "Don't worry about it." After ending the call with Lockard, McDonald asked Tyler if they should contact the plotters
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After the
Japanese attack started, McDonald and Schimmel were called back to the Intercept Center. Schimmel found McDonald's message from Elliot balled up in a trash can. Before the message would be retrieved by authorities towards an investigation, Schimmel copied the message word-for-word in a
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sitting at the plotting table. McDonald informed Tyler of the call from Opana. Inexperienced in the
Intercept Center's operations and on his second day on the job, Tyler downplayed the report. After returning to the switchboard, McDonald called Opana back and instead reached his friend, Lockard.
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third-class specialist and his colleague, Private George
Elliott were manning their truck-mounted SCR-270 radar at the Opana Radar Site. Lockard served as the primary radar station operator; Elliott served as the station's primary plotter and temporary motorman. A third staffer, scheduled to be
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article revealing to the
American public the identity of the U.S. soldier who "detected Japanese planes approaching Pearl Harbor while he was practicing at the listening device the morning of Dec. 7 only to have his warning disregarded."
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Believing
Lockard's report, McDonald intended to contact Wheeler Field. However, he was concerned that he would be court-martialed for circumventing Tyler. At 07:45 McDonald's shift replacement arrived at the center, relieving McDonald.
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found that Tyler had been assigned to the
Intercept Center with little or no training, no supervision and no staff with which to work. They subsequently cleared Tyler of all wrongdoing, taking no disciplinary actions against him.
78:(USAAC)'s radar monitoring, then a new technology. It utilized five radar systems located across Oahu. For several weeks, Intercept Center staff had been on high alert because military intelligence had not been able to locate the
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Oahu. Moments later McDonald and
Schimmel heard a loud noise indicating the arrival of a large formation of aircraft. At approximately 07:50 they saw Japanese planes in a single file attacking Pearl Harbor and
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off-duty between 04:00 and 07:00, served as the station's regular motorman. Since 27 November 1941, Lockard and Elliot staffed the radar from 04:00 to 07:00, a departure from their old 7:00–16:00 schedule. The
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Joseph P. McDonald arrived for his 05:00 shift to relieve his tent mate and fellow staffer, Private Richard Schimmel, at Fort Shafter's Intercept Center. The center served as the tracking center for the
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who assumed that it was a scheduled flight of aircraft from the continental United States. The radar had in fact detected the first wave of
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526 Congressional Investigation Pearl Harbor Attack: Testimony of First Lt. Joseph Lockard, Signal Corps, United States Army
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spiral-bound notebook with the date “December 7, 1941” and the words “a great number of planes coming in from the north.”
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Post-attack, McDonald was interviewed by authorities investigating the attack. U.S. Associate Supreme Court Justice
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in the U.S. Army Signal Corps. Upon completion of further radar training, he served as a radar officer on
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Proceedings of Army Pearl Harbor Board 2123 testimony of Joseph P. McDonald, Technician Fourth class
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detected a large number of aircraft approaching from the north. This information was conveyed to
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for 20 years. He died on 7 August 1994. On 29 November 2005 he was posthumously awarded the
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attended the ceremony. McDonald's son George accepted the award on his family's behalf.
110:’s previous warning of a Japanese attack in the Pacific prompted the scheduling change.
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The radar warning has been featured in numerous books and motion pictures including
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for his efforts to notify his superiors of the impending Japanese attack. U.S. Sen.
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639:"Dec. 7 pleas honored: An Army switchboard operator attempted to sound the alarm"
443:"Striding Through History: Joseph L. Lockard — The Paul Revere of Pearl Harbor?"
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told McDonald his warning to Tyler was more urgent and historic than the famed "
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After checking the time on the center's clock, McDonald saw a USAAC Lieutenant,
563:"Identity of Private Who Warned That Foe Was Approaching Pearl Harbor Revealed"
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457:"Remembering: Joseph Lockard, was in the Army during Pearl Harbor attack"
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542:"Joseph P. McDonald Remembers the Pearl Harbor Attack, December 7, 1941"
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McDonald served in the central Pacific theater including assignments on
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At 07:02 Lockard and Elliot saw a massive formation of aircraft on the
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Islands for the remainder of the war. After the war he worked for the
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where he registered over 35 patents. He died on 2 November 2012, in
369:"Pearl Harbor survivor recalls unheeded warning from radar station"
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Tyler continued to serve in the military, eventually retiring as a
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Plot made early on 7 December 1941 by radar operators at Opana
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Joint Congressional Committee, Nov. 15, 1945, to May 31, 1946
506:"Son recounts father's day during bombing of Pearl Harbor"
524:"Pearl Harbor National Memorial Opana Mobile Radar Site"
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Lockard was promoted to Staff Sergeant and awarded the
492:"The Attack on Pearl Harbor: An Eyewitness Account"
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46:’s Intercept Center. The report was dismissed by
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173:Lockard was the subject of a 1 February 1942
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459:. Penn Live – Patriot News. 7 December 2012.
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581:"Navy Court Of Inquiry: Kermit A. Tyler"
101:Also at 04:00 Private Joseph Lockard, a
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637:Gregg K. Kakesako (30 November 2005).
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303:in 1961. He died on 27 February 2010.
27:On the morning of 7 December 1941 the
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657:"The Times obituary: Kermit Tyler"
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587:. U.S. Government Printing Office
478:"Pearl Harbor: Joseph L. Lockard"
367:Anthony Hayes (7 December 2016).
108:United States Department of War
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269:. After the war he worked at
57:aircraft about to launch the
196:Distinguished Service Medal
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494:. Social Studies for Kids.
158:Post-attack investigations
480:. Charter for Compassion.
425:. United States Congress.
373:Los Angeles Post Examiner
526:. National Park Service.
236:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
200:Officer Candidate School
298:United States Air Force
275:Army Commendation Medal
689:Attack on Pearl Harbor
285:, East Hartford Mayor
202:was commissioned as a
183:Naval Board of Inquiry
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89:SCR-270 at Opana, Oahu
80:Imperial Japanese Navy
65:Attack on Pearl Harbor
59:attack on Pearl Harbor
404:. United States Army.
216:Pennsylvania Railroad
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621:"McDonald Joseph P."
609:. Veterans Tributes.
181:In August 1942, the
69:On 6 December 1941,
661:The Times of London
325:Donald M. Goldstein
271:Pratt & Whitney
198:, he then attended
663:. 27 February 2010
569:. 2 February 1942.
567:The New York Times
540:McDonald, George.
512:. 6 December 2013.
510:New Haven Register
307:In popular culture
301:Lieutenant colonel
291:Thaddeus J. Martin
289:and Major General
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626:. 11 August 1994.
336:Tora! Tora! Tora!
228:Sylvania Electric
220:Litton Industries
204:Second lieutenant
168:Message to Garcia
76:US Army Air Corps
16:(Redirected from
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665:. Retrieved
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591:February 27,
589:. Retrieved
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547:December 13,
545:. Retrieved
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342:Pearl Harbor
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164:Owen Roberts
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148:Hickam Field
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122:Kermit Tyler
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115:oscilloscope
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51:Kermit Tyler
44:Fort Shafter
38:on northern
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667:27 February
313:Walter Lord
283:John Larsen
281:, US. Rep.
259:Guadalcanal
130:and notify
349:References
279:Chris Dodd
263:New Guinea
48:Lieutenant
255:Kwajalein
103:U.S. Army
683:Category
232:AMP Inc.
212:Amchitka
71:Private
34:at the
29:SCR-270
339:, and
267:Saipan
247:Kanton
251:Makin
32:radar
669:2010
593:2010
549:2021
323:and
265:and
230:and
210:and
208:Adak
127:B-17
40:Oahu
327:'s
315:'s
224:GTE
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659:.
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532:^
508:.
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431:^
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20:)
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