337:
back pocket in an attempt to snatch his revolver. A struggle ensued and all three men fell onto the floor. A penitentiary guard grabbed Kyle just as he struck Chitty in the face with his right fist. More guards rushed in and quickly subdued the prisoners. Chitty arose, berated the men and then walked into an adjoining office. Chitty while speaking to a clerk, Lillian Holtz, collapsed onto the floor and was unconscious. He was carried into his private office where two physicians pronounced him dead. Less than 10 minutes had elapsed from the time he was attacked until his death. He had died from a heart attack as result of a struggle with
Cretzer following another failed attempt to escape. Deputy marshals escorted Cretzer and Kyle back into the courtroom and Judge Yankwich resumed the trial. When the court denied a motion for a
405:
including Sam
Shockley and Miran Thompson. Shockley and Thompson joined Coy, Carnes, Hubbard, and Cretzer in the main cell house. The other prisoners returned to their cells. The gang put guards Miller and Corwin in a cell in C Block. Officer Miller held onto the key to the yard which was later found by the prisoners. The prisoners tried to open the yard door but were unable to open the door due to its lock having jammed the prisoners tried several other keys while searching for the correct one. The escape plan was thus inadvertently foiled from the outset, as the prisoners were trapped in the cell house.
382:, Arnold Kyle, and Lloyd Barkdoll. Cretzer prior to the escape used American Sign Language to communicate with his wife, Edna Cretzer in devising a plan to have a speed boat pick up the prisoners during the escape. Alcatraz guards routinely monitor communications both by mail and during visitation but the guards were unable to detect the plan while using American Sign Language with Edna. On the morning of the escape Edna was also arrested in San Francisco for shoplifting.
492:
he was sentenced to life on
Alcatraz), his corpse was turned over to Edna May. Edna May attempted to turn over a new leaf by divorcing Cretzer while he was at Alcatraz and marrying a truck driver. Edna May accepted her ex-husband's cremated remains and later placed them in an urn at San Francisco's Cypress Lawn Memorial Park in Colma, San Mateo County, California. Only Edna May and her lawyer were present when his interment took place.
324:, was convinced the men were making as many trips as possible, hoping for an opportunity to escape. The judge finally declared that he was not going to be a party to any more commuting and would grant no more continuances. On Saturday, July 20, Cretzer and Kyle entered pleas of not guilty and Judge Yankwich set the trial date for August 22, 1940. Tacoma attorneys Anthony M. Ursich, and William F. LeVeque were appointed to represent the
291:'s most wanted list by September 1939. Cretzer was apprehended by the FBI when they caught up to him in Chicago, Illinois on August 27, 1939. On November 7, 1939, his wife Edna pleaded guilty to harboring her husband and Cretzer himself confessed to one of the robberies in Los Angeles on January 24, 1940. Cretzer was sentenced to 25 years imprisonment and was incarcerated at McNeil Island.
295:
409:
their initial plan, the prisoners decided to shoot it out. At 14:35 Coy took the rifle and fired at the officers in some neighboring watchtowers, wounding one of them. Associate warden Ed Miller went to the cell house to investigate, armed with a gas billy club. He came across Coy, who shot at him. Miller retreated. By now, the alarm had been raised.
491:
Cretzer began his final journey with Coy and
Hubbard, wrapped in blankets and tied in twine to canvas stretchers for a 12-minute boat ride across San Francisco Bay to Dock Four at nearby Fort Mason, where the bodies begin being prepped for disposal. Per Cretzer's wishes (given to his now ex-wife when
443:
After night fell, two squads of officers entered the prison to locate and rescue the captive officers. There was a long-standing rule at
Alcatraz that no guns were allowed in the cell house, and the prison officials did not want more officers injured or killed. The convicts' position on the top of a
408:
Additional officers who entered the cell house as part of their routine were seized, along with others sent to investigate when the former officer failed to report in. The prisoners were soon holding nine officers in two separate cells, but with nowhere to go, they began to despair. Having failed on
400:
Cretzer had only recently been let out of D Block when he became an accomplice in yet another escape plan. This plan had been hatched by the cell-house orderly
Bernard Coy who offered Cretzer a place on the break in return for use of his onshore contacts. On May 2, 1946, Bernard Coy attacked officer
385:
During the escape attempt the men held a number of guards hostage but gave up when they failed to cut through the tool-proof bars with an emery wheel. For this escape attempt, Cretzer was sentenced by an internal tribunal to serve five years in the prison's high-security unit, called D Block, which
311:
in
February 1940. Cretzer reunited with his old partner and brother-in-law, Arnold Kyle. In April 1940, he and Kyle hijacked a prison lorry in an attempt to escape but were both recaptured after three days hiding in the woods. On Wednesday, June 26, 1940, Cretzer and Kyle were indicted by a federal
282:
Cretzer started his criminal career at an early age and had been in and out of prison since 1927. He was married to Edna May Kyle, the sister of Arnold Kyle. On
January 25, 1936, Edna Cretzer was taken into custody and charged with running a brothel in Pittsburg, California. She quickly posted bail
336:
Artis James Chitty entered a cell to return
Cretzer and Kyle back to the courtroom. Chitty entered the cell, the two men sprang to their feet and Cretzer grabbed Chitty around the waist and pulled him forward. Marshal Chitty was thrown against the cell wall and Kyle reached for Chitty's right-hand
447:
At 20:00, unarmed officers entered the cell house, covered by armed officers in the two gun galleries overhead. They found the hostages; however, one officer was wounded by a gunshot fired from the roof of one of the cell blocks. They locked the open door to D Block. When the last officer reached
475:
On May 3, at about noon, the convicts phoned
Johnston to try to discuss a deal. Johnston would accept only their surrender. Cretzer replied that he'd never be taken alive. Later that day, a shot was fired at an officer as he checked out C Block's utility corridor. That night, the Marines fired a
416:
At about 18:00, a squad of armed officers entering the gun cage was shot at by the convicts. One officer, Harold Stites, was killed by friendly fire, and four other officers were wounded. Prison officials cut the electricity and delayed further attempts to regain control of the cell house until
412:
Their plan had failed, Shockley and Thompson urged Cretzer, who had one of the guns, to kill the hostages in case they testified against them. Cretzer opened fire on the officers, wounding five, three seriously, including Bill Miller, who later died of his wounds. Carnes, Shockley, and Thompson
404:
Coy later entered D Block, which was separated from the main cell house by a concrete wall and was used for prisoners kept in isolation. There, he used the rifle to force officer Cecil Corwin to open the door to the main cell house and let the others in. They released about a dozen convicts,
460:
on the prisoners within D Block, where the prison authorities erroneously thought one of the armed convicts was holed up. They eventually figured out that the rebellious prisoners were confined to the main cell house and ceased their attack until further tactics were worked out.
480:
at the cell block until about 21:00. The following morning, squads of armed officers periodically rushed into the cell house, firing repeatedly into the narrow corridor. At 09:40 on May 4, they finally entered the corridor and found the bodies of Cretzer, Coy, and Hubbard.
401:
William Miller which led to the release of Cretzer and Clarence Carnes from their cells. The guard later returned and Coy overpowered the guard. Coy kept the Springfield rifle and lowered down an M1911 pistol, keys, several clubs, and gas grenades to his accomplices.
750:
341:, the two defendants withdrew their not-guilty pleas and entered pleas of guilty to the escape charge. Judge Yankwich thereupon sentenced Cretzer and Kyle to additional terms of five years, to commence at the expiration of their 25-year sentences for
745:
33:
413:
returned to their cells, but Coy, Hubbard, and Cretzer decided they were not going to surrender. Meanwhile, one of the hostages wrote down the names of the convicts involved, circling the names of the ringleaders.
730:
690:
263:. Elza moved to Montana after his release and met Lillie Thompson. Elza received national attention for a deaf alarm clock invented in 1902. Elza and Lillie had five children including Joseph.
705:
472:. They drilled holes in the prison roof and dropped grenades into areas where they believed the convicts were located, to force them into a utility corridor where they could be cornered.
468:
veteran, Warrant Officer Charles Lafayette Buckner IX, drove the armed convicts into a corner with tactics they had perfected against entrenched Japanese resistance during the
488:, opened fire on many hostage guards. Cretzer made no attempt to surrender and was slain by guard fire or committed suicide early on May 4 when trapped in a utility corridor.
740:
725:
710:
695:
700:
720:
232:
374:
in August 1940 and assigned inmate number 548AZ. On May 21, 1941, he again attempted to escape from one of the island's workshops called the
270:
at a young age because of his parents which would later be a key aspect of his escape attempts later in life. He and his family moved to
495:
Cretzer's urn was later removed by an unknown person and only a mugshot and dried flower remain at the Cypress Lawn Memorial Cemetery.
484:
The failure of the plan led to the bloody and hopeless standoff known as the "Battle of Alcatraz" during which Cretzer, armed with an
715:
313:
288:
680:
333:
425:
371:
353:
243:. Elza worked in Rock Creek as a miner for three years before he lost his job. Elza continued prospecting for gold in the
72:
329:
317:
620:"Federal prisoners Joseph P. Cretzer and Arnold T. Kyle kill U.S. Marshal Artis J. Chitty in Tacoma on August 22, 1940"
444:
cell block provided a nearly impregnable firing position, as they were out of range of the officers in the gun cages.
440:
were dispatched to the island to guard the general population of convicts and take the cell house from the outside.
685:
429:
320:
in Tacoma for arraignment on four separate occasions and each time postponed a plea. Judge Yankwich, visiting from
98:
535:
386:
was isolated from the rest of the prison and where prisoners were confined to their cells almost all of the time.
375:
346:
76:
228:
259:. Elza was sentenced to a year in prison but was ultimately pardoned due to a letter written by the people of
640:
287:, which robbed banks along the west coast. Cretzer's prowess led to him reaching public enemy no. 4 on the
267:
260:
240:
675:
670:
641:"Arnold Thomas Kyle, Appellant, v. United States of America, Appellee, 263 F.2d 657 (9th Cir. 1959)"
283:
whilst her husband Joseph remained a fugitive. Cretzer and Kyle formed the backbone of a gang, the
735:
395:
256:
200:
594:
569:
421:
357:
284:
239:
gang of burglars which led to a one-year prison conviction. After Elza's release, he moved to
212:
172:
102:
53:
360:, a maximum security prison established in 1934 to hold violent and incorrigible prisoners.
271:
512:
453:
433:
350:
244:
88:
255:. On September 22, 1897, Elza was convicted of Grand Larceny in the District Court of
664:
504:
437:
308:
203:" which took place following a failed escape attempt between May 2 and May 4, 1946.
485:
465:
379:
342:
162:
332:
in Tacoma on Thursday, August 22, 1940. During the sentencing in the courthouse a
751:
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government
469:
449:
321:
294:
152:
573:
274:, where he spent most of his boyhood. Cretzer's parents were later divorced.
219:
parents. Cretzer's mother was Lottie Alice "Lillie" Thompson who was born in
477:
325:
236:
216:
195:(April 17, 1911 − May 4, 1946) was an American bank robber and prisoner at
338:
220:
196:
121:
619:
561:
457:
248:
364:
158:
312:
grand jury in Tacoma, Washington for attempting to escape from the
32:
746:
People convicted of murder by the United States federal government
293:
252:
224:
223:
in 1874. His father was Elza Anton Cretzer who was born in
367:
for Marshall Chitty's death and received life sentences.
731:
Escapees from United States federal government detention
316:. The convicts were transported from the island to the
691:
American people convicted of murdering police officers
363:
Cretzer and Kyle both pleaded guilty to second degree
168:
150:
127:
117:
109:
94:
84:
61:
39:
23:
706:American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
448:safety, the officers opened a massive barrage of
428:to help deal with the situation. Two platoons of
211:Joseph P. Cretzer was born on April 17, 1911, in
199:who participated in and was slain in the bloody "
8:
349:quietly transferred Cretzer and Kyle to the
31:
20:
741:Inmates of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
726:Gangsters sentenced to life imprisonment
595:"Alcatraz – Cretzer's Reclassification"
527:
307:Cretzer began serving his sentence at
159:Second degree murder (18 U.S.C. § 452)
711:Burials at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
536:"Alcatraz Island Joseph Paul Cretzer"
424:asked for federal troops from nearby
7:
696:American people convicted of robbery
509:Alcatraz — The Whole Shocking Story
227:in 1871. Elza Cretzer attended the
562:"Federal Prisoners Joseph Cretzer"
14:
701:American people of German descent
432:under the direction of Generals
247:. In 1897 Elza was arrested for
16:American bank robber (1911–1946)
721:Deaths by firearm in California
289:Federal Bureau of Investigation
163:Bank robbery (12 U.S.C. § 588b)
233:California School for the Deaf
1:
426:Naval Station Treasure Island
73:Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
767:
393:
314:McNeil Island Penitentiary
139:(before 1936)
99:Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
503:Cretzer was portrayed by
376:Model Industries Building
178:
146:
77:San Francisco, California
30:
716:Depression-era gangsters
235:. Elza Cretzer joined a
229:Ohio School for the Deaf
215:. He was the son of two
266:Joseph Cretzer learned
434:"Vinegar" Joe Stilwell
299:
268:American Sign Language
681:American bank robbers
328:. A trial began in a
297:
523:Notes and references
517:Six Against the Rock
464:The Marines, led by
370:Cretzer was sent to
354:Federal Penitentiary
568:. August 21, 1939.
330:U.S. District Court
318:U.S. District Court
241:Rock Creek, Wyoming
85:Cause of death
25:Joseph Paul Cretzer
599:www.notfrisco2.com
542:. October 14, 2020
396:Battle of Alcatraz
390:Battle of Alcatraz
300:
201:Battle of Alcatraz
686:American escapees
422:James A. Johnston
358:San Francisco Bay
347:Bureau of Prisons
285:Cretzer-Kyle Gang
213:Anaconda, Montana
182:
181:
173:Life imprisonment
103:Colma, California
54:Anaconda, Montana
758:
656:
655:
653:
651:
637:
631:
630:
628:
626:
616:
610:
609:
607:
605:
591:
585:
584:
582:
580:
558:
552:
551:
549:
547:
532:
298:Cretzer arrested
272:Denver, Colorado
257:Weber County, UT
169:Criminal penalty
155:
140:
68:
49:
47:
35:
21:
766:
765:
761:
760:
759:
757:
756:
755:
661:
660:
659:
649:
647:
639:
638:
634:
624:
622:
618:
617:
613:
603:
601:
593:
592:
588:
578:
576:
560:
559:
555:
545:
543:
534:
533:
529:
525:
513:Howard Hesseman
501:
499:Film depictions
398:
392:
351:Alcatraz Island
305:
280:
278:Criminal career
209:
161:
151:
142:
138:
134:
118:Criminal status
80:
70:
66:
57:
51:
45:
43:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
764:
762:
754:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
663:
662:
658:
657:
632:
611:
586:
553:
526:
524:
521:
511:(1980) and by
500:
497:
394:Main article:
391:
388:
304:
301:
279:
276:
261:Rock Creek, WY
231:and later the
208:
205:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
156:
148:
147:
144:
143:
136:
132:
131:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
111:
110:Known for
107:
106:
96:
92:
91:
89:Gunshot wounds
86:
82:
81:
71:
69:(aged 35)
63:
59:
58:
52:
50:April 17, 1911
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
763:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
666:
646:
642:
636:
633:
621:
615:
612:
600:
596:
590:
587:
575:
571:
567:
563:
557:
554:
541:
537:
531:
528:
522:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:Telly Savalas
498:
496:
493:
489:
487:
482:
479:
473:
471:
467:
462:
459:
455:
451:
445:
441:
439:
438:Frank Merrill
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
389:
387:
383:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
361:
359:
355:
352:
348:
344:
340:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
309:McNeil Island
302:
296:
292:
290:
286:
277:
275:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:grand larceny
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
177:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
154:
153:Conviction(s)
149:
145:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
95:Resting place
93:
90:
87:
83:
78:
74:
64:
60:
55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
648:. Retrieved
644:
635:
623:. Retrieved
614:
602:. Retrieved
598:
589:
577:. Retrieved
565:
556:
546:September 1,
544:. Retrieved
539:
530:
516:
508:
502:
494:
490:
486:M1911 pistol
483:
474:
466:World War II
463:
450:machine guns
446:
442:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
384:
380:Sam Shockley
369:
362:
343:bank robbery
306:
281:
265:
210:
192:
188:
184:
183:
67:(1946-05-04)
18:
676:1946 deaths
671:1911 births
540:www.nps.gov
470:Pacific War
378:along with
322:Los Angeles
185:Joseph Paul
113:Bank robber
65:May 4, 1946
665:Categories
645:Justia Law
417:darkness.
334:US Marshal
326:defendants
207:Early life
46:1911-04-17
736:Fugitives
650:April 18,
574:0040-781X
478:fusillade
476:constant
237:deaf-mute
217:deaf-mute
133:Edna Kyle
519:(1987).
458:grenades
372:Alcatraz
339:mistrial
221:Missouri
197:Alcatraz
122:Deceased
625:May 22,
604:May 10,
579:May 10,
454:mortars
430:Marines
420:Warden
245:Rockies
193:Cretzer
141:
137:
572:
456:, and
365:murder
345:. The
303:Prison
128:Spouse
105:, U.S.
79:, U.S.
56:, U.S.
189:Dutch
135:
652:2022
627:2018
606:2018
581:2018
570:ISSN
566:Time
548:2022
436:and
253:Utah
225:Ohio
62:Died
40:Born
515:in
507:in
356:in
251:in
667::
643:.
597:.
564:.
538:.
452:,
191:"
101:,
75:,
654:.
629:.
608:.
583:.
550:.
187:"
48:)
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
