205:, who was elected president of the UMW in 1963, over how the union should be run. He believed that Boyle did not adequately represent the miners and was too cozy with the mine owners. In 1965, Boyle removed Yablonski as president of District 5 (under changes enacted by Boyle, district presidents were appointed by him, rather than being elected by union members of their district, giving him more control).
354:(LMRDA) of 1959 regulates the internal affairs of labor unions, requiring regular secret-ballot elections for local union offices and providing for federal investigation of election fraud or impropriety. DOL is authorized under the act to sue in federal court to have the election overturned. By 1970, however, only three international union elections had been overturned by the courts.
240:. There was also a widespread belief that Boyle was more concerned with protecting mine owners' interests than those of his members. Grievances filed by the union often took months—sometimes years—to resolve, lending credence to the critics' claim. Wildcat strikes occurred as local unions, despairing of UMWA assistance, sought to resolve local disputes with walkouts.
314:(who had embezzled the money from union funds) to hire gunmen to kill Yablonski. He hired Paul Eugene Gilly (September 5, 1932 – July 6, 2021), an out-of-work house painter and son-in-law of Silous Huddleston, a minor UMWA official, and two drifters, Aubran Wayne "Buddy" Martin (May 7, 1948 – March 12, 1991) and Claude Edward Vealey (July 9, 1943 – January 31, 1999).
376:(MFD) formed in April 1970, while the DOL investigation of the 1969 election continued. Its members included most of the miners who belonged to the West Virginia Black Lung Association and many of Yablonski's supporters and former campaign staff. MFD's support was strongest in southwestern Pennsylvania, eastern
317:
The murder was ordered postponed until after the election, however, to avoid suspicion falling on Boyle. After three aborted attempts to murder
Yablonski, the killers completed the assassinations, deciding to kill everyone in the house. They left so many fingerprints behind that the police identified
369:
Eventually investigators arrested Paul Gilly's wife, Annette Lucy Gilly; her father Silous
Huddleston; Albert Pass (who had given the money to pay the conspirators for murder) and Pass's wife. All were convicted of murder and conspiracy to commit murder, in trials extending into 1973. (Both Annette
313:
An investigation found that the killings had been ordered by Boyle, who had demanded
Yablonski's death on June 23, 1969, after a meeting with Yablonski at UMWA headquarters degenerated into a shouting match. In September 1969, UMWA executive council member Albert Pass received $ 20,000 from Boyle
420:
and funding the assassination plot. The murder investigation and confessions of other conspirators revealed the financial and other trails leading back to Boyle. In April 1973 Boyle was indicted on three counts of murder; he was convicted in April 1974. He was sentenced to three consecutive life
412:
Balloting for the next UMWA president began on
December 1, 1972. Balloting ended on December 9, and Miller was declared the victor on December 15. The Labor Department certified Miller as UMWA's next president on December 22. The vote was 70,373 for Miller and 56,334 for Boyle.
321:
A few hours after
Yablonski's funeral, several of the miners who had supported Yablonski met in the basement of the church where the memorial service was held. They met with attorney Joseph Rauh and drew up plans to establish a reform caucus within the United Mine Workers.
143:, and won a suit to overturn the 1969 election by 1972. A new election was held in December of that year and a reform candidate elected, defeating Boyle. Boyle was indicted in 1973 for the three Yablonski murders; he was convicted in 1974 and received three
357:
Gilly, Martin and Vealey were arrested days after the assassinations and indicted for
Yablonski's death. All were convicted of first-degree murder. Gilly and Vealey were sentenced to death (the death sentences were later reduced to life in prison due to
178:
and began to advocate for better working conditions. He was first elected to union office in 1934. In 1940, Yablonski was elected as a representative to the international executive board. In 1958 he was appointed president of UMW District 5.
40:
128:. In addition, Yablonski filed lawsuit against the UMWA on five different charges related to fraud. On New Year's Eve, Yablonski, his wife, and 25-year-old daughter were murdered, fatally shot at home by three gunmen found to have been
235:
From the beginning of his administration Boyle faced significant opposition from rank-and-file miners and UMWA leaders. Miners' attitudes about their union had also changed. Miners wanted greater democracy and more autonomy for their
343:, a 51-year-old coal mine shuttle car operator and union member from District 5 (Yablonski's district), permission to intervene in the DOL suit as a complainant, which kept Yablonski's election fraud suit alive. Labor Secretary
334:
On
January 8, 1970, Yablonski's attorney waived the right to further internal review of the election by the union and requested an immediate investigation by DOL of the 1969 union presidential election. On January 17, 1972, the
262:
against UMWA in federal court, on related matters. He alleged that: Boyle and UMWA had denied him use of the union's mailing lists as provided for by law, he had been removed from his position as acting director of Labor's
1167:"Universal Lands Epic Mining-Crime Story 'Blood Runs Coal' For Its Oscar-Winning 'Oppenheimer' Star Cillian Murphy; Jez & John-Henry Butterworth Adapting Mark Bradley Book; Davis Entertainment Producing With Murphy"
483:(1977) is a fictional account of miners fighting for proper union representation in 1969. The Boyle-Yablonski dispute is a sub-plot which several characters mention, expressing their opinions of unions and corruption.
441:
451:
The Joseph A. Yablonski
Memorial Clinic in Fredericktown, PA, one of the Centerville Health Clinics, was renamed to honor Yablonski; it was originally the Union Miners Building, Inc., when it opened in 1955.
325:
The day after the bodies of the
Yablonskis were discovered, 20,000 miners in West Virginia walked off the job in a one-day strike, protesting against Boyle, who they believed was responsible for the murders.
208:
In May 1969 Yablonski announced his candidacy for president of the union in the election to be held later that year. As early as June, Boyle was reportedly discussing the need to kill his opponent.
391:
The DOL filed suit in federal court in 1971 to overturn the 1969 UMWA election. After several lengthy delays, the suit went to trial on
September 12, 1971. On May 1, 1972, Judge
398:
Bryant scheduled a new election to be held during the first eight days of December 1972. In addition, Bryant agreed that the DOL should oversee the election to ensure fairness.
1561:
641:
He married Anne Huffman ... that same year but their physical union only lasted two days. ... she became pregnant ... gave birth to their son Kenneth on February 13, 1934
1596:
1551:
437:
351:
1512:
469:
included a segment on Yablonski's murder and its aftermath. It also includes the song "Cold Blooded Murder" (also known as "The Yablonski Murder"), sung by
1581:
1571:
1414:"Oral History Interview with Dr. Donald Rasmussen." B.L. Dotson-Lewis, interviewer. Nicholas County Schools, Summersville, West Virginia. March 1, 2004.
1166:
598:
1586:
429:
In 1973 Yablonski posthumously received the Samuel S. Beard Award for Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under, made annually by
653:
251:, Boyle beat Yablonski in the election held on December 9, by a margin of nearly two-to-one (80,577 to 46,073). Yablonski conceded the election.
1601:
1546:
567:
186:
was born in 1934. After Yablonski and Huffman were divorced, he married Margaret Rita Wasicek, an amateur playwright. They had two children,
430:
1556:
1591:
1380:
1366:
255:
135:
A total of seven persons were convicted of murder and conspiracy to commit murder; two of the assassins were sentenced to death for
121:
384:, but MFD supporters existed in nearly all affiliates. The chief organizers of Miners for Democracy included Yablonski's sons,
347:
assigned 230 investigators to the UMWA investigation and Attorney General Mitchell ordered the FBI to join the murder inquiry.
1088:
385:
187:
22:
1415:
302:
fatally shot Yablonski, his wife Margaret, and his 25-year-old daughter Charlotte, as they slept in the Yablonski home in
164:
492:
283:
duties by spending union funds on Boyle's reelection. These charges and their resolution are outlined in the civil case
194:, representing their father in his union activities and later in private practices. Charlotte became a social worker in
336:
1336:
Franklin, Ben A. "Wife of Suspect in Yablonski Case Is Indicted by U.S. Jury as Member of Plot to Kill Union Rebel."
542:
is about the murders and subsequent trials from the point of view of the special prosecutor appointed for the cases.
370:
Gilly and her father Silous Huddleston pleaded guilty in 1972, receiving life sentences to avoid the death penalty.)
636:
303:
221:
195:
83:
445:
1118:
888:
Franklin, "Wife of Suspect in Yablonski Case Is Indicted by U.S. Jury as Member of Plot to Kill Union Rebel,"
363:
513:
505:
198:, where her family lived. She took leave to work in 1969 on her father's campaign for the UMWA presidency.
1576:
1566:
373:
125:
1426:
Peterson, Bill. "The Tragedy of the Miners: Arnold Miller and the Disarray of the Reform Movement."
243:
In 1969 Yablonski challenged Boyle for the presidency of UMWA. He was the first anti-administration
535:
175:
136:
109:
658:
529:
406:
1287:
Franklin, Ben A. "Rank and File Rebellion Stirs in Mine Union, Posing Threat to Lewis Legacy."
1531:
1376:
1362:
606:
563:
465:
392:
359:
307:
183:
875:
January 24, 1970; "Grand Jury Is Checking Financial Records of a U.M.W. Local in Tennessee,"
522:
Blood Runs Coal - The Yablonski Murders and the Battle for the United Mine Workers of America
633:
Blood Runs Coal: The Yablonski Murders and the Battle for the United Mine Workers of America
405:, a miner from West Virginia who challenged Boyle for the presidency, based on the need for
344:
129:
867:
January 23, 1970; "Yablonski Friends Say Suspect Visited Slain Man's Home Before Killing,"
501:
497:
716:
Franklin, "Rank and File Rebellion Stirs in Mine Union, Posing Threat to Lewis Legacy,"
524:
covers Yablonski's presidential campaign, the murders and the subsequent murder trials.
1520:
525:
460:
271:
was being used by Boyle as a campaign and propaganda mouthpiece, UMWA had no rules for
264:
171:
1096:
285:
Kenneth J. Yablonski and Joseph A. Yablonski v. United Mine Workers of America et al.,
167:, Yablonski began working in the mines as a boy, joining his father in this industry.
1540:
983:
871:
January 23, 1970; Franklin, "Yablonski Inquiry Reported to Focus On a Sum of Money,"
470:
402:
381:
340:
287:
272:
259:
217:
160:
144:
224:, died in 1963. From retirement, Lewis hand-picked Boyle for the UMWA presidency. A
1507:
1074:
April 12, 1974; "Boyle Is Given Three Life Terms In '69 Murder of the Yablonskis,"
1007:
September 12, 1971; Vasquez, "U.M.W. Election of Boyle Is Upset by Federal Judge,"
1045:
December 2, 1972; Franklin, "Boyle Is Ousted By Miners' Votes After Long Fight,"
672:... Mr. Yablonski; 59; his wife, Margaret, 57, and their daughter, Charlotte, ...
1151:
September 16, 1973; Schneider, "This Time Around, Bronson Portrays the Victim,"
476:
237:
202:
117:
113:
105:
1503:
120:
for the presidency of the international union and was defeated. He asked for a
39:
417:
248:
244:
229:
191:
156:
64:
610:
306:. The bodies were discovered on January 5, 1970, by one of Yablonski's sons,
1070:
March 14, 1973; Franklin, "Jury Finds Boyle Guilty In 3 Yablonski Murders,"
280:
1350:"Grand Jury Is Checking Financial Records of a U.M.W. Local in Tennessee."
1343:
Franklin, Ben A. "Yablonski Inquiry Reported to Focus On a Sum of Money."
1489:"Yablonski Friends Say Suspect Visited Slain Man's Home Before Killing."
1126:
216:
The United Mine Workers was in turmoil by 1969. Legendary UMWA president
1525:
1294:
Franklin, Ben A. "Reform Miners Select Candidate to Run Against Boyle."
1447:
Vasquez, Juan M. "U.M.W. Election of Boyle Is Upset by Federal Judge."
225:
1231:
Franklin, Ben A. "Boyle Is Ousted By Miners' Votes After Long Fight."
395:
threw out the results of the 1969 UMWA international union elections.
388:(known as "Chip") and Ken, Mike Trbovich, and other union supporters.
1066:
March 10, 1973; Franklin, "Boyle Is Implicated By Yablonski Killer,"
299:
276:
1024:
May 29, 1972; Franklin, "Angry U.M.W. Insurgent Arnold Ray Miller,"
833:
January 7, 1970; Franklin, "Inquiry Is Ordered Into Mine Election,"
258:(DOL) to investigate the election for fraud. He also initiated five
1433:
Schenider, Steve. "This Time Around, Bronson Portrays the Victim."
1259:
Franklin, Ben A. "Jury Finds Boyle Guilty In 3 Yablonski Murders."
1182:"Boyle Is Given Three Life Terms In '69 Murder of the Yablonskis."
1049:
December 16, 1972; Franklin, "Officials Certify Miners' Election,"
182:
As a young man Yablonski married Ann Marie Huffman. Their son
1393:"Mitchell Orders F.B.I. to Join Inquiry Into Yablonski Slayings."
1119:"Joseph A. "Jock" Yablonski (1910–1969) – PHMC Historical Markers"
999:
January 24, 1971; Franklin, "U.S. Again Delays Mine Union Trial,"
953:"Oral History Interview With Dr. Donald Rasmussen," March 1, 2004.
829:"Mitchell Orders F.B.I. to Join Inquiry Into Yablonski Slayings,"
1125:. Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission. Archived from
1020:
Franklin, "Reform Miners Select Candidate to Run Against Boyle,"
654:"2d of 5 Defendants Found Guilty of 3 Yablonski Murders in 1969"
508:
in the western Pennsylvania mining region) portrayed Yablonski.
377:
116:
and better working conditions for miners. In 1969 he challenged
966:
October 4, 1970; Franklin, "Dissident Miners Seek Funds Here,"
940:
Franklin, "Yablonski Defendant Pleads Guilty to Escape Chair,"
1003:
May 30, 1971; Franklin, "U.M.W. Head Faces Suit on Election,"
487:
140:
1203:
Franklin, Ben A. "Angry U.M.W. Insurgent Arnold Ray Miller."
1482:"Yablonski Defendant Sentenced To Death for Three Murders."
1224:
Franklin, Ben A. "Boyle Is Implicated By Yablonski Killer."
1210:
Franklin, Ben A. "Boyle Claims Victory In Mine Union Race."
901:"Yablonski Defendant Sentenced To Death for Three Murders,"
528:
will star in and produce a film based on Bradley's book for
279:
which should have been destroyed; and UMWA had violated its
1375:
Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Press, 1998.
1252:
Franklin, Ben A. "Inquiry Is Ordered Into Mine Election."
979:
The details of the investigation and suit may be found in
1322:
Franklin, Ben A. "U.S. Action Urged By U.M.W. Faction."
1266:
Franklin, Ben A. "Mine Union Change Likely After Vote."
562:(1 ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 1555–6.
1329:
Franklin, Ben A. "U.S. Again Delays Mine Union Trial."
1315:
Franklin, Ben A. "U.M.W.'s Spending Detailed in Suit."
1308:
Franklin, Ben A. "U.M.W. Head Faces Suit On Election."
1280:
Franklin, Ben A. "Officials Certify Miners' Election."
1238:
Franklin, Ben A. "Confession Given in Yablonski Case."
1217:
Franklin, Ben A. "Boyle Is Accused In Yablonski Case."
1041:
June 21, 1972; Vecsey, "Mine Workers Begin Balloting,"
112:
in the 1950s and 1960s known for seeking reform in the
1475:"Yablonski Defendant Pleads Guilty to Escape Chair."
1440:
Vasquez, Juan M. "Overseer Named for U.M.W. Voting."
1359:
Murder By Contract: The People v. 'Tough Tony' Boyle.
1245:
Franklin, Ben A. "Dissident Miners Seek Funds Here."
742:
Franklin, "Boyle Claims Victory In Mine Union Race,"
700:
Murder By Contract: The People v. 'Tough Tony' Boyle,
290:(August 3, 1972), which his sons carried to the end.
247:
candidate in 40 years. In an election widely seen as
560:
Encyclopedia of U.S. labor and working-class history
416:
Two of the convicted murderers had accused Boyle of
104:(March 3, 1910 – December 31, 1969) was an American
362:); Martin avoided execution by pleading guilty and
91:
72:
46:
30:
599:"Yablonski of U.M.W. Slain With Wife and Daughter"
1273:Franklin, Ben A. "More Miners Protest Slayings."
962:Franklin, "U.S. Action Urged By U.M.W. Faction,"
863:January 22, 1970; Flint, "Murder Charges Filed,"
768:Franklin, "Mine Union Change Likely After Vote,"
1454:Vecsey, George. "Mine Workers Begin Balloting."
1062:Franklin, "Boyle Is Accused In Yablonski Case,"
995:Franklin, "U.M.W.'s Spending Detailed in Suit,"
159:, Pennsylvania, on March 3, 1910, as the son of
139:. DOL completed its investigation, aided by the
1521:Yablonski (murder-for-hire). AppalachiaCoal.com
1301:Franklin, Ben A. "3 Held in Yablonski Deaths."
496:was about the union struggle and the murders.
232:and bullying as Lewis, but not as well-liked.
1037:Vasquez, "Overseer Named for U.M.W. Voting,"
558:Jensen, Richard (2007). Arnesen, Eric (ed.).
438:Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission
380:, and the panhandle and northern portions of
352:Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
267:League in retaliation for his candidacy, the
155:Joseph Yablonski, called "Jock", was born in
8:
1562:American trade unionists of Polish descent
981:Hodgson v. United Mine Workers of America,
816:Franklin, "More Miners Protest Slayings,"
712:
710:
708:
190:and Charlotte Yablonski. Both sons became
38:
27:
1386:"Loser Asks Inquiry Into Mine Election."
755:"Loser Asks Inquiry Into Mine Election,"
448:commemorating Yablonski's life and work.
1196:Flint, Jerry M. "Murder Charges Filed."
859:Franklin, "3 Held in Yablonski Deaths,"
790:May 15, 1972; "The Fall of Tony Boyle,"
421:terms in prison, where he died in 1985.
1597:People from Greene County, Pennsylvania
803:Peterson, "The Tragedy of the Miners,"
782:
780:
778:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
680:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
550:
275:, and had printed nearly 51,000 excess
1361:New York: MacMillan Publishing, 1975.
151:Early life, marriages and union career
21:For his son, the American lawyer, see
1552:United Mine Workers of America people
1400:"Mystery Lingers in Yablonski Case."
914:Confession Given in Yablonski Case,"
318:and captured them within three days.
7:
220:had retired in 1960. His successor,
147:. The union made important reforms.
1419:"Pass Guilty in Yablonski Deaths."
1165:Fleming Jr, Mike (March 25, 2024).
927:"Pass Guilty in Yablonski Deaths,"
409:legislation to protect the miners.
254:On December 18, 1969, he asked the
1461:"Vindication for Jock Yablonski."
846:"Vindication for Jock Yablonski,"
14:
1582:Deaths by firearm in Pennsylvania
1572:1969 murders in the United States
256:United States Department of Labor
174:, Yablonski became active in the
170:After his father was killed in a
16:American labor leader (1910–1969)
124:(DOL) investigation, charging a
1587:People murdered in Pennsylvania
401:On May 28, 1972, MFD nominated
330:Aftermath of Yablonski's murder
102:Joseph Albert "Jock" Yablonski
1:
1089:"National – Jefferson Awards"
1602:Assassinated trade unionists
1547:American trade union leaders
1373:Coal: A Memoir and Critique.
731:Coal: A Memoir and Critique,
456:Portrayal in popular culture
298:On December 31, 1969, three
163:immigrants, After attending
1352:United Press International.
877:United Press International,
662:. March 2, 1972. p. 24
520:Mark A Bradley's 2020 book
337:United States Supreme Court
212:UMWA presidential candidacy
1618:
1468:"The Yablonski Contract."
1189:"The Fall of Tony Boyle."
1123:Historical Marker Database
786:"The Yablonski Contract,"
637:W. W. Norton & Company
517:was devoted to this case.
20:
1557:Activists from Pittsburgh
631:Bradley, Mark A. (2020).
304:Clarksville, Pennsylvania
196:Clarksville, Pennsylvania
132:on orders of Tony Boyle.
84:Clarksville, Pennsylvania
37:
1592:Pittsburgh Labor History
446:California, Pennsylvania
364:turning state's evidence
514:FBI: The Untold Stories
201:Yablonski clashed with
51:Joseph Albert Yablonski
23:Joseph "Chip" Yablonski
1407:"News of the Screen."
1147:"News of the Screen,"
329:
1099:on November 24, 2010
540:Coal Country Killing
463:'s 1976 documentary
374:Miners for Democracy
228:miner, Boyle was as
184:Kenneth J. Yablonski
67:, Pennsylvania, U.S.
1411:September 16, 1973.
1312:September 12, 1971.
1193:September 17, 1973.
1186:September 12, 1975.
1129:on December 7, 2013
1078:September 12, 1975.
794:September 17, 1973.
605:. January 6, 1970.
536:Robert K. Tanenbaum
176:United Mine Workers
137:first-degree murder
126:fraudulent election
122:Department of Labor
110:United Mine Workers
1486:November 14, 1971.
1390:December 12, 1969.
1284:December 21, 1972.
1270:December 14, 1969.
1249:November 15, 1970.
1235:December 16, 1972.
1214:December 11, 1969.
1053:December 21, 1972.
970:November 15, 1970.
772:December 14, 1969.
659:The New York Times
639:. pp. 28–29.
603:The New York Times
530:Universal Pictures
1513:Plot summary for
1493:January 23, 1970.
1458:December 2, 1972.
1430:January 16, 1977.
1388:Associated Press.
1357:Lewis, Arthur H.
1354:February 4, 1970.
1347:January 24, 1970.
1340:February 6, 1970.
1319:January 24, 1971.
1305:January 22, 1970.
1200:January 23, 1970.
1184:Associated Press.
1076:Associated Press,
905:November 14, 1971
807:January 16, 1977.
759:December 12, 1969
757:Associated Press,
746:December 11, 1969
569:978-0-415-96826-3
500:played Boyle and
490:television movie
466:Harlan County USA
442:historical marker
425:Honors and legacy
360:Furman v. Georgia
99:
98:
76:December 31, 1969
1609:
1527:Act of Vengeance
1515:Act of Vengeance
1504:Joseph Yablonski
1428:Washington Post.
1397:January 7, 1970.
1371:Lockard, Duane.
1326:October 4, 1970.
1277:January 8, 1970.
1256:January 9, 1970.
1171:
1170:
1162:
1156:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1095:. Archived from
1093:Jefferson Awards
1085:
1079:
1060:
1054:
1035:
1029:
1018:
1012:
993:
987:
977:
971:
960:
954:
951:
945:
938:
932:
925:
919:
912:
906:
899:
893:
892:February 6, 1970
886:
880:
879:February 4, 1970
857:
851:
844:
838:
837:January 9, 1970.
827:
821:
820:January 8, 1970.
814:
808:
805:Washington Post,
801:
795:
784:
773:
766:
760:
753:
747:
740:
734:
727:
721:
714:
703:
696:
675:
674:
669:
667:
650:
644:
643:
628:
622:
621:
619:
617:
595:
574:
573:
555:
493:Act of Vengeance
431:Jefferson Awards
345:George P. Shultz
79:
60:
58:
42:
32:Joseph Yablonski
28:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1537:
1536:
1500:
1491:New York Times.
1484:New York Times.
1479:April 12, 1972.
1477:New York Times.
1465:March 16, 1970.
1456:New York Times.
1449:New York Times.
1442:New York Times.
1437:April 20, 1986.
1435:New York Times.
1421:New York Times.
1409:New York Times.
1402:New York Times.
1395:New York Times.
1345:New York Times.
1338:New York Times.
1331:New York Times.
1324:New York Times.
1317:New York Times.
1310:New York Times.
1303:New York Times.
1296:New York Times.
1289:New York Times.
1282:New York Times.
1275:New York Times.
1268:New York Times.
1263:April 12, 1974.
1261:New York Times.
1254:New York Times.
1247:New York Times.
1240:New York Times.
1233:New York Times.
1228:March 14, 1973.
1226:New York Times.
1221:March 10, 1973.
1219:New York Times.
1212:New York Times.
1205:New York Times.
1198:New York Times.
1179:
1174:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1155:April 20, 1986.
1153:New York Times,
1149:New York Times,
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1072:New York Times,
1068:New York Times,
1064:New York Times,
1061:
1057:
1051:New York Times,
1047:New York Times,
1043:New York Times,
1039:New York Times,
1036:
1032:
1026:New York Times,
1022:New York Times,
1019:
1015:
1009:New York Times,
1005:New York Times,
1001:New York Times,
997:New York Times,
994:
990:
984:344 F. Supp. 17
978:
974:
968:New York Times,
964:New York Times,
961:
957:
952:
948:
942:New York Times,
939:
935:
929:New York Times,
926:
922:
916:New York Times,
913:
909:
903:New York Times,
900:
896:
890:New York Times,
887:
883:
873:New York Times,
869:New York Times,
865:New York Times,
861:New York Times,
858:
854:
850:March 16, 1970.
845:
841:
835:New York Times,
831:New York Times,
828:
824:
818:New York Times,
815:
811:
802:
798:
785:
776:
770:New York Times,
767:
763:
754:
750:
744:New York Times,
741:
737:
728:
724:
718:New York Times,
715:
706:
697:
678:
665:
663:
652:
651:
647:
630:
629:
625:
615:
613:
597:
596:
577:
570:
557:
556:
552:
548:
502:Charles Bronson
498:Wilford Brimley
458:
427:
332:
296:
214:
192:labor attorneys
153:
87:
81:
77:
68:
62:
56:
54:
53:
52:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1615:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1518:
1510:
1499:
1498:External links
1496:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1444:June 21, 1972.
1438:
1431:
1424:
1423:June 20, 1973.
1417:
1412:
1405:
1404:March 5, 1972.
1398:
1391:
1384:
1369:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1291:June 13, 1969.
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1157:
1140:
1110:
1080:
1055:
1030:
1013:
988:
986:(May 1, 1972).
972:
955:
946:
944:April 12, 1972
933:
931:June 20, 1973.
920:
907:
894:
881:
852:
839:
822:
809:
796:
774:
761:
748:
735:
722:
720:June 13, 1969.
704:
676:
645:
623:
575:
568:
549:
547:
544:
526:Cillian Murphy
511:An episode of
461:Barbara Kopple
457:
454:
426:
423:
393:William Bryant
331:
328:
295:
292:
273:fair elections
260:civil lawsuits
222:Thomas Kennedy
213:
210:
172:mine explosion
165:public schools
152:
149:
145:life sentences
108:leader in the
97:
96:
93:
89:
88:
82:
80:(aged 59)
74:
70:
69:
63:
50:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1614:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1472:May 15, 1972.
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1381:0-8139-1784-0
1378:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1367:0-02-570520-2
1364:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1333:May 30, 1971.
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1298:May 29, 1972.
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1207:May 30, 1972.
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1028:May 30, 1972.
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
985:
982:
976:
973:
969:
965:
959:
956:
950:
947:
943:
937:
934:
930:
924:
921:
917:
911:
908:
904:
898:
895:
891:
885:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
856:
853:
849:
843:
840:
836:
832:
826:
823:
819:
813:
810:
806:
800:
797:
793:
789:
783:
781:
779:
775:
771:
765:
762:
758:
752:
749:
745:
739:
736:
732:
726:
723:
719:
713:
711:
709:
705:
701:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
677:
673:
661:
660:
655:
649:
646:
642:
638:
634:
627:
624:
612:
608:
604:
600:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
576:
571:
565:
561:
554:
551:
545:
543:
541:
538:'s 2023 book
537:
533:
531:
527:
523:
518:
516:
515:
509:
507:
504:(a native of
503:
499:
495:
494:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
472:
471:Hazel Dickens
468:
467:
462:
455:
453:
449:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
424:
422:
419:
418:masterminding
414:
410:
408:
404:
403:Arnold Miller
399:
396:
394:
389:
387:
383:
382:West Virginia
379:
375:
371:
367:
365:
361:
355:
353:
348:
346:
342:
341:Mike Trbovich
338:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
309:
305:
301:
293:
291:
289:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
257:
252:
250:
246:
241:
239:
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
218:John L. Lewis
211:
209:
206:
204:
199:
197:
193:
189:
188:Joseph "Chip"
185:
180:
177:
173:
168:
166:
162:
158:
150:
148:
146:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
94:
90:
85:
75:
71:
66:
61:March 3, 1910
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
24:
19:
1526:
1514:
1508:Find a Grave
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1451:May 2, 1972.
1448:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1372:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1242:May 4, 1972.
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1177:Bibliography
1160:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1133:December 10,
1131:. Retrieved
1127:the original
1122:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1097:the original
1092:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1011:May 2, 1972.
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
980:
975:
967:
963:
958:
949:
941:
936:
928:
923:
915:
910:
902:
897:
889:
884:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
847:
842:
834:
830:
825:
817:
812:
804:
799:
791:
787:
769:
764:
756:
751:
743:
738:
730:
725:
717:
699:
671:
664:. Retrieved
657:
648:
640:
632:
626:
614:. Retrieved
602:
559:
553:
539:
534:
521:
519:
512:
510:
491:
485:
480:
475:
464:
459:
450:
440:installed a
436:In 1995 the
435:
428:
415:
411:
400:
397:
390:
372:
368:
356:
349:
333:
324:
320:
316:
312:
297:
288:466 F.2d 424
284:
268:
265:Non-Partisan
253:
242:
238:local unions
234:
215:
207:
200:
181:
169:
154:
134:
101:
100:
95:Labor leader
78:(1969-12-31)
18:
1577:1969 deaths
1567:1910 births
918:May 4, 1972
477:John Sayles
269:UMW Journal
1541:Categories
546:References
481:Union Dues
407:black lung
230:autocratic
203:Tony Boyle
157:Pittsburgh
118:Tony Boyle
92:Occupation
65:Pittsburgh
57:1910-03-03
1103:August 5,
729:Lockard,
666:March 27,
611:0362-4331
506:Ehrenfeld
486:The 1986
479:'s novel
281:fiduciary
245:insurgent
339:granted
698:Lewis,
616:May 31,
308:Kenneth
277:ballots
249:corrupt
226:Montana
1379:
1365:
609:
566:
386:Joseph
300:hitmen
294:Murder
161:Polish
86:, U.S.
1470:Time.
1463:Time.
1191:Time.
848:Time,
792:Time,
788:Time,
733:1998.
702:1975.
130:hired
114:union
106:labor
1532:IMDb
1377:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1135:2013
1105:2013
668:2024
618:2023
607:ISSN
564:ISBN
378:Ohio
350:The
73:Died
47:Born
1530:at
1506:at
488:HBO
444:in
141:FBI
1543::
1121:.
1091:.
777:^
707:^
679:^
670:.
656:.
635:.
601:.
578:^
532:.
473:.
433:.
366:.
310:.
1383:.
1169:.
1137:.
1107:.
620:.
572:.
59:)
55:(
25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
