1036:. In response, there were public efforts seeking to revive the earlier Emperor Norton effort. An online petition, launched in August 2013, called for the entire bridge system to be named after him. The petition was the impetus for the creation of "The Emperor's Bridge Campaign", now known as "The Emperor Norton Trust", which continued the bridge-naming effort until 2022, citing the precedent of 30 California bridges for which the state had authorized multiple names. The Trust called on the legislature simply to make "Emperor Norton Bridge" an honorary name for the Bay Bridge, leaving in place all existing names. Most recently, the organization hoped to sponsor a legislative resolution that would take effect in 2022, the 150th anniversary of Emperor Norton's proclamations of 1872, setting out the original vision for the bridge. The legislature did not take up the issue in 2022, and the Trust suspended its bridge-naming effort.
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448:, Cape of Good Hope, and now for the last 9 years and 10 months past of San Francisco, California, declare and proclaim myself Emperor of these United States; and in virtue of the authority thereby in me vested, do hereby order and direct the representatives of the different States of the Union to assemble in Musical Hall, of this city, on the 1st day of February next, then and there to make such alterations in the existing laws of the Union as may ameliorate the evils under which the country is laboring, and thereby cause confidence to exist, both at home and abroad, in our stability and integrity.
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1239:(Dodd, Mead & Co., 1986), p. 10. "The age on the coffin lid, however, was merely a guess. At the inquest, Eva Hutchinson, the landlady of Eureka Lodgings which was the cheap hotel that was the Emperor's home for seventeen years, had testified that to the best of her belief he was 'a Jew of London birth'. And his age? Oh, about sixty-five. The coroner, lacking a birth certificate or any other material evidence, had simply accepted her word. And so the plate on his casket had been inscribed: JOSHUA A. NORTON DIED JANUARY 8, 1880 AGED 65 YEARS."
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378:, on November 23, 1849; that he arrived with $ 40,000, in whole or in part a bequest from his father's estate; and that he parlayed this into a fortune of $ 250,000 ($ 9,865,032.05 in 2023 USD). None of this is substantiated by contemporaneous documentation. What is known is that, after Norton arrived in San Francisco, he enjoyed a good deal of success in commodities markets and in real estate speculation, and that by late 1852, he was one of the more prosperous, respected citizens of the city.
386:, which was returning from Peru, was carrying 200,000 pounds (91,000 kg) of rice, he bought the entire shipment for $ 25,000 (or twelve and a half cents per pound), hoping to corner the market. Shortly after he signed the contract, several other shiploads of rice arrived from Peru, causing the price of rice to plummet to three cents a pound. Norton tried to void the contract, stating the dealer had misled him as to the quality of rice to expect.
537:; also for a tunnel; and to ascertain which is the best project; and whereas the said citizens have hitherto neglected to notice our said decree; and whereas we are determined our authority shall be fully respected; now, therefore, we do hereby command the arrest by the army of both the Boards of City Fathers if they persist in neglecting our decrees. Given under our royal hand and seal at San Francisco, this 17th day of September, 1872.
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573:. He embellished that with a variety of accoutrements, including a beaver hat decorated with a peacock or ostrich feathers and a rosette, a walking stick and an umbrella. In the course of his rounds, he took note of the condition of the sidewalks and cable cars, the state of repair of public property, and the appearance of police officers. He also often had conversations on the issues of the day with those he encountered.
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592:, which wrote "that he had shed no blood; robbed no one; and despoiled no country; which is more than can be said of his fellows in that line". Police Chief Patrick Crowley ordered Norton released and issued a formal apology on behalf of the police force, and Norton granted an Imperial Pardon to Barbier. Police officers of San Francisco thereafter saluted Norton as he passed in the street.
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616:. At a sandlot rally held on April 28, 1878, Emperor Norton appeared just before the start of proceedings, stood on a small box and challenged Kearney directly, telling him and the assembled crowd to disperse and go home. Norton was unsuccessful, but the incident was widely reported in local papers over the next couple of days.
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308:, "following the best information obtainable," cited the silver plate on his coffin which said he was "aged about 65", suggesting that 1815 could be the year of his birth. However, Norton's biographer, William Drury, points out that "about 65" was based solely on the guess that Norton's landlady offered to the
1008:. However, that was not approved by the bridge authorities and the plaque was installed at the Cliff House in 1955. It was moved to the Transbay Terminal in 1986, in connection with the 50th anniversary of the bridge. The Terminal was closed and demolished in 2010 as part of the project to construct a new
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Norton issued his own money in the form of scrip, or promissory notes, which were accepted from him by some restaurants in San
Francisco. The notes came in denominations between fifty cents and ten dollars, and the few surviving ones are collector's items that routinely sell for more than $ 10,000 at
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During the 1860s and 1870s, there were occasional anti-Chinese demonstrations in the poorer districts of San
Francisco, and riots took place, sometimes resulting in fatalities. Starting in the late 1870s, those riots were fomented at rallies on Sunday afternoons at the sandlots across from City Hall.
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Norton continued to run newspaper ads selling various commodities. Although these ads appear to have run their course by mid 1857, there are other public traces of Norton during this period. In
September 1857, he served on a jury for a case of a man accused of stealing a bar of gold from Wells, Fargo
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calling for the entire bridge to be named for Norton. On
December 14, 2004, the Board approved a modified version of this resolution, calling for only "new additions," i.e., the planned replacement for the bridge's eastern section, to be named "The Emperor Norton Bridge". Neither the City of Oakland
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as his puppet ruler. That news quickly reached the United States and a man in San
Francisco suggested that Emperor Norton take the title "Protector of Mexico", both because no-one had been appointed protector, and because of a popular legend stating Norton was the son of Napoleon III. Norton happily
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Norton did receive some tokens of recognition for his position. The 1870 US census lists Joshua Norton as 50 years old and residing at 624 Commercial Street, with his occupation listed as "Emperor". It also notes that he was insane. (However, the US Census instructions state "The fact of idiocy will
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Special officer Armand
Barbier was part of a local auxiliary force whose members were called "policemen", although they were private security guards paid by neighborhood residents and business owners. He arrested Norton in 1867 to commit him to involuntary treatment for a mental disorder. The arrest
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orbit enjoyed his imperial presence and took note of his frequent newspaper proclamations. Norton received free ferry and train passage and a variety of favors, such as help with rent and free meals, from well-placed friends and sympathizers. Some of the city's merchants capitalized on his notoriety
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Norton's orders were ignored by the Army, and
Congress likewise continued without any formal acknowledgement of the decree. A decree in July 1860 ordered the dissolution of the republic in favor of a temporary monarchy. Norton issued a mandate in 1862 ordering both the Roman Catholic Church and the
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By 1859, Norton had become completely discontented with what he considered the inadequacies of the legal and political structures of the United States. In July 1859, he issued a brief manifesto addressed to the "Citizens of the Union". It outlined in the broadest terms the national crisis as Joshua
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In
September 1859, he proclaimed himself "Emperor of the United States". Norton had no formal political power, but was treated deferentially in San Francisco nevertheless, and currency issued in his name was honored in some of the establishments he frequented. Some considered Norton to be insane or
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Since 1974, the
Imperial Council of San Francisco has been conducting an annual pilgrimage to Norton's grave in Colma, California, just outside San Francisco. In January 1980, ceremonies were conducted in San Francisco to honor the 100th anniversary of the death of "the one and only Emperor of the
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Initial funeral arrangements were for a pauper's coffin of simple redwood. However, members of a San
Francisco businessmen's association, the Pacific Club, established a funeral fund that provided for a handsome rosewood casket and arranged a dignified farewell. Norton's funeral on Sunday, January
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It quickly became evident that Norton had died in complete poverty, contrary to rumors of wealth. Five or six dollars in small change was found on his person, and a search of his room at the boarding house on Commercial Street turned up a single gold sovereign, worth around $ 2.50. His possessions
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Norton was the subject of many tales. One popular story suggested that he was the son of Emperor Napoleon III and that his claim of coming from South Africa was a ruse to prevent persecution. Rumors also circulated that Norton was supremely wealthy and was feigning poverty because he was miserly.
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Norton spent most of his daylight hours inspecting the streets, spending time in parks and libraries, and paying visits to newspaper offices and old friends in San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley. In the evenings, he often was seen at political gatherings or at theatrical or musical performances.
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Throughout his reign, Norton commented on the policies and actions of foreign governments, issuing proclamations and sending letters to foreign leaders in attempts to establish congenial and fruitful relations with them and their countries and, if he felt it necessary, to cajole better behavior.
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Norton was occasionally a visionary, and some of his imperial decrees exhibited profound foresight. He is said to have issued instructions to form a League of Nations, he explicitly forbade any form of conflict between religions or their sects, and he issued several decrees calling for the
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fraud and corruption prevent a fair and proper expression of the public voice; that open violation of the laws are constantly occurring, caused by mobs, parties, factions and undue influence of political sects; that the citizen has not that protection of person and property which he is
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item in his essay, he used an altered version in an apparent attempt to advance his claim of an 1819 birth date. Persistent claims for an 1819 birth date are of doubtful provenance, tracing to unsubstantiated assertions made online, during the early years of the internet.
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In December 1852, Norton thought he saw a business opportunity when China, facing a severe famine, placed a ban on the export of rice, causing the price of rice in San Francisco to increase from four to thirty-six cents per pound (9 to 79 cents/kg). When he heard the
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at 12 cents per pound (26 ¢/kg), but more Peruvian ships arrived in port, causing the price to drop sharply to three cents per pound (6.6 ¢/kg). He then lost a protracted lawsuit in which he tried to void his rice contract, and his local prominence faded.
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The failure to treat Norton's adopted home city with appropriate respect was the subject of a particularly stern edict that often is cited as having been written by Norton in 1872, although evidence is elusive for the authorship, date, or source of this decree:
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10, was solemn, mournful, and large. Paying their respects were members of "all classes from capitalists to the pauper, the clergyman to the pickpocket, well-dressed ladies and those whose garb and bearing hinted of the social outcast". The next day, the
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Whoever after due and proper warning shall be heard to utter the abominable word "Frisco", which has no linguistic or other warrant, shall be deemed guilty of a High Misdemeanor, and shall pay into the Imperial Treasury as penalty the sum of twenty-five
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reported in the same article that people lined the streets for only the first block or two. The emperor's casket was attended by "only three carriages," with no mourners on foot, and there were "about thirty people" at the burial service in the
317:, the ship that carried Norton and his family from England to South Africa, list him as having been two years old when the ship set sail in February 1820. This information appears not to have been known until after 1934, the year that Norton's
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The best available evidence points to February 4, 1818, as the date of Norton's birth. Obituaries published in 1880, following Norton's death, offered conflicting information about his date of birth. The second of two obituaries in the
846:, stating that he "was a gentle and kindly man, and fortunately found himself in the friendliest and most sentimental city in the world, the idea being 'let him be emperor if he wants to.' San Francisco played the game with him."
355:, that took as its starting point a February 4, 1818, birth date for Norton. Supporting and participating in the series were a number of institutions that long have helped to preserve the historical record of Emperor Norton: the
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In June 2013, eight members of the California Assembly, and two members of the California Senate, introduced a resolution to name the western section of the bridge after former California state Speaker and San Francisco Mayor
1012:, and the plaque was placed in storage. After being restored in late 2018, it was rededicated and reinstalled at the new transit center in September 2019 but, after being vandalized in 2020, was moved to Molloy's Tavern, in
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In October 2022, The Emperor Norton Trust announced a new effort to have the San Francisco Ferry Building clock tower named "The Emperor Norton Tower" in 2023, the 125th anniversary of the opening of the building in 1898.
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933:, founded and based in San Francisco from 2013 to 2019, and originally known as The Emperor's Bridge Campaign, is a non-profit that engages in research, education, and advocacy to advance the legacy of Emperor Norton.
695:, began to print fictitious decrees. It is believed that newspaper editors themselves drafted the fake proclamations to suit their own agendas. Weary of that, in January 1871 Norton named the black-owned and -operated
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commissioned and dedicated a plaque commemorating Emperor Norton's call for the construction of a suspension bridge between San Francisco and Oakland. The group intended to place the plaque on the recently opened
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reported, under the headline "Le Roi Est Mort," that some 10,000 people had come to view the emperor's body in advance of the 2 p.m. funeral. Notwithstanding the later legend of a "two-mile-long cortege," the
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at the inquest following his death. In a 1923 essay published by the California Historical Society, Robert Ernest Cowan claimed that Norton was born on February 4, 1819. However, the passenger lists for the
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construction of a suspension bridge or tunnel connecting Oakland and San Francisco – with the last of these decrees showing his irritation at the lack of prompt obedience by the authorities:
716:. His collapse was immediately noticed, and "the police officer on the beat hastened for a carriage to convey him to the City Receiving Hospital", according to the next day's obituary in the San Francisco
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that carried young Joshua and his family from London to South Africa from February to May 1820, including the London passenger list showing Joshua to have been 2 years old at the time of his boarding.
2791:. Los Angeles: The Ward Ritchie Press, 1964. Cowan's title essay includes an Emperor Norton section that essentially is an expanded version of his 1923 article for the California Historical Society.
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where the proclamation was published is at the California State Library. A photocopy of the section of the newspaper column that includes the proclamation is an illustration in Allen Stanley Lane,
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For nearly two years, from early 1853 to late 1854, Norton and the rice dealers were involved in a protracted litigation. Although Norton prevailed in the lower courts, the case reached the
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introduced a resolution to add "Emperor Norton Place" as a commemorative name for the 600 block of Commercial Street. The resolution was adopted by the Supervisors, and approved by Mayor
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1773:(Dodd, Mead), but he does not provide a primary source for it. Earlier "standard texts" on Norton do not mention this proclamation at all; this includes Allen Stanley Lane's 1939 book
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wrote: "HIS MAJESTY'S BIRTHDAY. – His Imperial Majesty Norton I, Emperor of the United States and Mexico, commences his forty-eighth year Saturday, February 4th, 1865."
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published some 250 proclamations over the signature of Norton I. Historians and researchers who have studied Norton closely generally regard those proclamations as being authentic.
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515:, he declared the abolition of the Democratic and Republican parties, explaining that he was "desirous of allaying the dissensions of party strife now existing within our realm."
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401:& Co. and, in August 1858, Norton ran an ad announcing his candidacy for US Congress. By this time, he was living in reduced circumstances at a working-class boarding house.
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wished Emperor Norton a happy 47th birthday, indicating that his birth date was February 4, 1818 (not 1819, as Cowan claimed) – a date that would line up with
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679:. Near the end of his reign, Kamehameha would refuse to recognize the democratic US government, instead opting to only recognize Norton as sole leader of the United States.
234:, upwards of 10,000 people lined the streets of San Francisco to pay him homage at his funeral. Norton has been immortalized as the basis of characters in the literature of
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In this same decree, Norton repeated his order that all interested parties assemble at Musical Hall in San Francisco in February 1860 to "remedy the evil complained of."
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549:, and there have been efforts since the 1930s to name the Bay Bridge after Emperor Norton or at least to add "Emperor Norton Bridge" as an honorary name for the bridge.
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WHEREAS, we issued our decree ordering the citizens of San Francisco and Oakland to appropriate funds for the survey of a suspension bridge from Oakland Point via
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759:, predicting that such a union would be disastrous to world peace. Also found were his letters to Queen Victoria and 98 shares of stock in a defunct gold mine.
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Norton issued numerous decrees on matters of state, including a decree on October 12, 1859, to formally abolish the United States Congress. In it, he observed:
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There have been two 21st-century campaigns to name all or parts of the Bay Bridge after Emperor Norton. In November 2004, San Francisco District 3 Supervisor
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obliged, adding the title to many of his proclamations, but he later would revoke the title, stating, "It is impossible to protect such an unsettled nation".
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Two months later, on September 17, 1859, Norton hand-delivered the following letter declaring himself "Emperor of these United States", to the offices of the
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1777:(The Caxton Printers, Ltd.) and Robert Ernest Cowan's October 1923 essay "Norton I: Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico", published in the
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be better determined by the common consent of the neighborhood, than by attempting to apply any scientific measure to the weakness of the mind or will.")
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282:. John was a farmer and merchant, and Sarah was a daughter of Abraham Norden and a sister of Benjamin Norden, a successful merchant. The family moved to
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There have been perennial efforts to name major public San Francisco landmarks after Emperor Norton or to enact other permanent local tributes to him.
499:, the Commander-in-Chief of our Armies, immediately upon receipt of this, our Decree, to proceed with a suitable force and clear the Halls of Congress.
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The paper printed the letter in that evening's edition, for humorous effect, and thus began Norton's whimsical 20-year "reign" over the United States.
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He wore an elaborate blue uniform with gold-plated epaulettes, at some time given to him secondhand by officers of the United States Army post at the
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On the evening of January 8, 1880, Norton collapsed on the corner of California Street and Dupont Street (now Grant Avenue), across the street from
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1488:"Did Joshua Norton Really Arrive in San Francisco With a $ 40,000 Inheritance That He Built Into a Quarter-Million-Dollar Fortune in 3 Years?"
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Emperor Norton of San Francisco : a look at the life and death and strange burials of the most famous eccentric of gold rush California
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Norton then turned his attention to other matters, both political and social. In a proclamation dated August 12, 1869, and published in the
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584:, were Norton's pets. Norton ate at free-lunch counters where he shared his meals with the dogs, although he did not, in fact, own them.
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1769:, self-published in 1939 by David Warren Ryder. Norton's biographer William Drury cites the anti-"Frisco" proclamation in his 1986 book
899:, titled "Emperor Norton", Parker Garvie played the title character. In the February 27, 1966, episode of the western television series
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There have been a number of television adaptations of the Norton story. In the June 15, 1956, episode of the western anthology series
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saw it and suggested the imperative for action to address this crisis at the most basic level. The manifesto ran as a paid ad in the
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728:... Norton I, by the grace of God, Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico, departed this life". Two days later, the
325:– when Cowan's account remained prominent. This may help to explain why those who had the stone made used 1819 as the birth year.
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At the peremptory request and desire of a large majority of the citizens of these United States, I, Joshua Norton, formerly of
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393:, which ruled against him in October 1854. Later, the Lucas Turner and Company bank foreclosed on his real estate holdings in
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led its article on Norton's funeral with the headline "Le Roi Est Mort." (lit. "The King is dead", and the first half of the
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In an imperial decree issued in January 1860, Norton summoned the Army to depose the elected officials of the US Congress:
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introduced a resolution to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, after a campaign by San Francisco Chronicle cartoonist
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Bummer & Lazarus: San Francisco's Famous Dogs : Revised With New Stories, New Photographs, and New Introduction
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A rush of dreamers : being the remarkable story of Norton I, Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico
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Protestant churches to publicly ordain him as "Emperor", hoping to resolve the many disputes that had resulted in the
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Proclamation of Emperor Norton, Pacific Appeal, 21 September 1872, p. 1, California Digital Newspaper Collection via
1428:"Zpub, Emperor Norton Records & the Emperor's Birth Date: A Case Study in Good Intentions & Undue Influence"
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There are often-repeated historical claims that Joshua Norton arrived in San Francisco on a specific vessel, the
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resided in San Francisco during part of Emperor Norton's public life, and modeled the character of the King in
351:, a nonprofit organization that engages in Norton research and education, produced a 2018 bicentennial series,
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1554:"San Francisco Rice Imports From Late 1852 to Early 1853 Point to Market Specifics of Joshua Norton's Gambit"
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WHEREAS, it is necessary for the repose of our Empire that the said decree should be strictly complied with;
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Commemorative Street Name Designation, "Emperor Norton Place", 600 Block of Commercial Street (File #230230)
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201:, Norton immigrated to San Francisco in 1849, where he made a successful living as a commodities trader and
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On January 8, 1880, Norton collapsed and died before he could be given medical treatment. According to the
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included his collection of walking sticks, his rather battered sabre, a variety of headgear, including a
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in early 1820 as part of a government-backed colonial scheme whose participants came to be known as the
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Emperor Norton in full dress uniform and military regalia, his hand on the hilt of a ceremonial sabre,
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2136:"Campaign Discovers Newspaper Record of Emperor Norton's Famous Stand-Off with an Anti-Chinese Crowd"
1367:, The Emperor Norton Trust, December 2, 2014. Reports on an item in the February 4, 1865, edition of
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2511:"Emperor Norton, One of SF's Most Beloved Eccentric Visionaries, to Be Honored With Street Renaming"
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Details of Norton's life story may have been forgotten, but he has been immortalized in literature.
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This 1939 plaque commemorating Norton's role in the history of the Bay Bridge was originally at the
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2596:, introduced to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors by District 3 Supervisor Aaron Peskin, 2004.
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2157:"California campaign seeks to rename San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge in honor of Emperor Norton"
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reported: "On the reeking pavement, in the darkness of a moonless night, under the dripping rain
2886:, nonprofit that advances the legacy of Emperor Norton through research, education and advocacy
1116:"Emperor Norton gets a street named after him in the Financial District, where he once reigned"
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2778:"Norton I, Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico (Joshua A. Norton, 1819–1880)"
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2029:"Emperor Norton I: The benevolent dictator beloved and honored by San Franciscans to this day"
2007:
1337:
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895:
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811:
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661:
561:
A fanciful depiction of Norton dressed as the Pope at the funeral of the itinerant dog Lazarus
322:
255:
1258:"Norton I Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico (Joshua A. Norton, 1819–1880)"
859:
comic book adventure published in 1976. Norton also appears as a character in the comic book
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267:
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923:
season 1, episode 11, titled "The Conspirators", Florenz Ames played the "Emperor Norton".
636:
invaded Mexico after the latter was unable to pay war reparations following the disastrous
209:
following a failed bid to corner the rice market during a shortage prompted by a famine in
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839:
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Starting a few years after Norton declared himself emperor, local newspapers, notably the
486:
157:
Assuming the identity of "Norton I, Emperor of the United States"; newspaper proclamations
588:
outraged many citizens and sparked scathing editorials in the newspapers, including the
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Emperor Norton, life and experiences of a notable character in San Francisco, 1849–1880
2686:
2416:
1595:"'A New State of Things?' A Pre-Imperial Proclamation from Joshua Norton in July 1859,"
1095:
697:
672:
657:
496:
2682:"Petition Calls for San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge To Be Named After Emperor Norton"
1822:
485:
WHEREAS, a body of men calling themselves the National Congress are now in session in
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1982:
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287:
278:
Norton's parents were John Norton (1794–1848) and Sarah Norden (1796–1846), who were
214:
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17:
1447:
755:, congratulating Norton on his forthcoming marriage to Queen Victoria, and from the
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2638:
Assembly Concurrent Resolution No. 65 – Relative to the Willie L. Brown, Jr. Bridge
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668:
641:
279:
210:
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187:
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1736:(The Caxton Printers, 1939), illustration page inserted between pages 168 and 169.
1316:
at 1820Settlers.com. This page contains information about the passage of the ship
1257:
1028:
nor Alameda County passed any similar resolution, so the effort went no further.
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2872:. San Francisco: Alex. Dulfer Printing and Lithographing Co. LC CT275.N75 R9.
2659:"Effort To Rename Bay Bridge After Emperor Norton Revived By Online Petition"
1961:
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1960:. Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. July 24, 2004. Archived from
1085:
906:
445:
318:
1947:, talk by John Lumea, founder of The Emperor Norton Trust, March 22, 2022.
959:"Emperor Norton Place" – Honorary naming of 600 block of Commercial Street
342:
s passenger list from 2 years later. Moreover, when Cowan quoted the 1865
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2738:
The Emperor of the United States and other magnificent British eccentrics
1908:"Petition to name Bay Bridge after Emperor Norton gains 1,000 signatures"
295:
91:
1620:, September 17, 1859, p. 3. Genealogy Bank via The Emperor Norton Trust.
1281:
849:
In more modern times, the life of Emperor Norton is the inspiration for
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901:
741:
541:
Long after his death, similar structures were built in the form of the
309:
182:, he took the secondary title "Protector of Mexico" in 1863, after the
2028:
814:. It is currently located inside Old Molloy's Tavern, in Colma, Calif.
4928:
3391:
3276:
3186:
3161:
3156:
3081:
3036:
2883:
2712:
1765:
It appears that the earliest reference to this text is in a booklet,
1687:, 12 October 1859, p. 3. Genealogy Bank via The Emperor Norton Trust.
1273:
166:(February 4, 1818 – January 8, 1880) was an English-born resident of
2982:
1703:, 4 January 1860, p. 3. Genealogy Bank via The Emperor Norton Trust.
557:
2784:, October 1923. San Francisco: California Historical Society, 1923.
1719:, July 27, 1860, p. 3. Genealogy Bank via The Emperor Norton Trust.
1578:
599:
4748:
4149:
3281:
3241:
3136:
3086:
2251:"Setting the Record Straight on the Famous Emperor Norton Obit(s)"
801:
701:
as his "imperial organ." Between September 1870 and May 1875, the
598:
556:
460:
413:
3121:
2553:
2535:"The renamed Emperor Norton street sign is now up in Chinatown,"
749:
291:
222:
eccentric, but residents of San Francisco and the city's larger
2986:
2468:
Book of Lies: The Disinformation Guide to Magick and the Occult
1793:"Who Is Emperor Norton? Fans in San Francisco Want to Remember"
963:
The most recent of those efforts has been the most successful.
603:
A ten dollar note issued by the imperial government of Norton I
5703:
Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Park Cemetery (Colma, California)
780:
In 1934, Norton's remains were transferred to a grave site at
397:
to pay Norton's debt. He filed for insolvency in August 1856.
1530:. San Francisco Museum and Historical Society. Archived from
2187:"Imperial Government of Norton I. Sept. 17, 1871. 50 Cents"
917:
a.k.a. Mark Twain. In the December 18, 1956, episode of
664:. That proved futile because the queen never responded.
27:
Self-proclaimed Emperor of the United States (1818–1880)
2206:"How Joshua Norton Became Emperor of the United States"
1170:
1168:
865:, Vol. 2, No. 31, "Three Septembers and a January", by
2470:. New York: The Disinformation Company. p. 158.
1468:"How and When Did Joshua Norton Get to San Francisco?
1402:
1400:
978:
in April 2023, with signage installed in early May.
37:"Joshua Norton" redirects here. For the artist, see
5596:
5563:
5545:
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5303:
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5000:
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4394:
4356:
4288:
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4060:
3950:
3857:
3707:
3601:
3470:
3307:
3300:
3027:
1747:"On the Trail of the Elusive 'Frisco' Proclamation"
580:, started a rumor that two noted stray dogs, named
153:
145:
137:
129:
118:
99:
73:
48:
2586:Resolution in Support of the Emperor Norton Bridge
2447:"The Emperor's Bridge Campaign Is Now a Nonprofit"
1791:Lazo, Alejandro; Huang, Daniel (August 12, 2015).
1589:
1587:
720:. Norton died before a carriage could arrive. The
2862:Articles on the life and legacy of Emperor Norton
2636:California Legislature, 2013-14 Regular Session,
2328:"A Funeral Cortege 'Two Miles Long'? Not Really."
2086:"1870 Census: Instructions to Assistant Marshals"
909:played the title role. The episode also featured
2274:. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 231.
2189:. Stacks and Bowers Galleries. March 20, 2020.
1652:"Emperor Norton, zaniest S.F. street character"
1528:"Encyclopedia of San Francisco: Emperor Norton"
982:Clock tower of the San Francisco Ferry Building
936:Emperor Norton is considered a patron saint of
531:
521:
483:
471:
442:
2801:. San Francisco: A. Dressler. LC CT275.N75 D7.
2782:Quarterly of the California Historical Society
2741:. Routledge and Kegan Paul. pp. 150–152.
2381:"A gay court pays homage to its queer emperor"
2260:, The Emperor Norton Trust, December 15, 2017.
1779:Quarterly of the California Historical Society
1756:, The Emperor Norton Trust, February 12, 2016.
1477:, The Emperor Norton Trust, February 10, 2017.
1437:, The Emperor Norton Trust, February 16, 2015.
1262:Quarterly of the California Historical Society
1197:(Dodd, Mead & Co., 1986), pp. 10–15.
662:marry to strengthen ties between their nations
495:NOW, THEREFORE, we do hereby Order and Direct
2998:
2848:. Caldwell, Idaho: The Caxton printers, Ltd.
2831:. Santa Monica, California: Norton B. Stern.
2789:The Forgotten Characters of Old San Francisco
1874:"BART – History and Facts, System Facts"
8:
5778:South African emigrants to the United States
2608:"Emperor Norton's name may yet span the bay"
2145:, The Emperor Norton Trust, January 4, 2019.
1901:
1899:
1844:"Emperor Norton's name may yet span the bay"
1640:The Emperor Norton Trust, December 14, 2022.
1631:"Joshua Norton at the Transamerica Pyramid,"
1408:"Joshua Abraham Norton, b. 4 February 1818,"
1385:"Norton, Joshua Abraham – newspaper cutting"
5698:Burials at Masonic Cemetery (San Francisco)
2812:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, Inc.
1497:, The Emperor Norton Trust, April 12, 2017.
1417:The Emperor Norton Trust, February 8, 2015.
832:made Norton a character in his 1892 novel,
4772:
4765:
3304:
3005:
2991:
2983:
2900:
2006:. San Francisco: Londonborn Publications.
1775:Emperor Norton: The Mad Monarch of America
1734:Emperor Norton: The Mad Monarch of America
56:
45:
5693:American people of English-Jewish descent
2002:Barker, Malcolm E.; Jump, Edward (2001).
1563:, The Emperor Norton Trust, May 22, 2022.
1147:"Southern Africa Jewish Genealogy SA-SIG"
2337:, The Emperor Norton Trust, May 22, 2023
2193:from the original on September 17, 2023.
1604:March 8, 2022, The Emperor Norton Trust.
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
675:at the time, regarding an estate in the
667:Norton also sent a number of letters to
453:NORTON I., Emperor of the United States.
334:newspaper included an item in which the
227:by selling souvenirs bearing his image.
2618:from the original on September 20, 2008
1728:An original copy of the edition of the
1288:from the original on September 24, 2018
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1106:
842:mentioned Norton in her autobiography,
5728:English emigrants to the United States
5673:19th-century monarchs in North America
2846:Emperor Norton, Mad Monarch of America
2809:Norton I, Emperor of the United States
2614:. Hearst Communications. p. A–1.
2393:from the original on November 23, 2007
2116:"Joshua Norton in the Census of 1870,"
2096:from the original on November 10, 2023
1771:Norton I: Emperor of the United States
1336:. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company.
1333:Norton I, Emperor of the United States
1237:Norton I: Emperor of the United States
1208:Norton I: Emperor of the United States
1195:Norton I: Emperor of the United States
712:, while on his way to a debate at the
290:. Most likely, Norton was born in the
176:Norton I, Emperor of the United States
4584:Bibliography of the American frontier
2950:September 17, 1859 – January 8, 1880
2500:, San Francisco Board of Supervisors.
2360:from the original on October 25, 2021
2216:from the original on October 28, 2020
1906:Slaughter, Justin (August 13, 2013).
1126:from the original on January 27, 2024
465:One of Norton's undated proclamations
7:
4640:Cuisine of the Western United States
2606:Herel, Suzanne (December 15, 2004).
1842:Herel, Suzanne (December 15, 2004).
1210:(Dodd, Mead & Co., 1986), p. 14.
1153:from the original on August 18, 2016
1114:Whiting, Sam (September 18, 2023) .
430:San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin
2379:Vigil, Delfin (February 21, 2005).
1662:from the original on March 26, 2012
660:, including a suggestion that they
5738:Former monarchies of North America
4376:Confederate Gulch and Diamond City
2694:from the original on July 31, 2018
2304:. January 11, 1880. Archived from
2155:Orzano, Michelle (June 24, 2014).
1938:"'Emperor Norton Bridge' in 2022?"
1918:from the original on March 4, 2016
1803:from the original on March 7, 2016
1650:Nolte, Carl (September 17, 2009).
968:San Francisco Board of Supervisors
25:
5733:Financial District, San Francisco
5723:English emigrants to South Africa
4624:Timeline of the American Old West
2713:Name It the Emperor Norton Bridge
2657:Dalton, Andrew (August 6, 2013).
2167:from the original on May 15, 2017
2043:from the original on May 25, 2011
798:Emperor Norton in popular culture
328:The February 4, 1865, edition of
5632:
5631:
1060:
1046:
1002:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
991:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
614:Workingmen's Party of California
543:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
4280:First transcontinental railroad
2456:, SF Weekly, November 11, 2014.
2027:Carr, Patricia E. (July 1975).
1880:District (BART). Archived from
1145:Dakers, Hazel (April 6, 2000).
905:, titled "The Emperor Norton",
810:and then at the now-demolished
782:Woodlawn Memorial Park Cemetery
612:, a leader of the anti-Chinese
2870:San Francisco's Emperor Norton
1767:San Francisco's Emperor Norton
1713:Proclamation of Emperor Norton
1697:Proclamation of Emperor Norton
1681:Proclamation of Emperor Norton
1614:Proclamation of Emperor Norton
1358:"Homing in on the Birth Date?"
1256:Cowan, Robert (October 1923).
882:audiobook version of the comic
825:Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
714:California Academy of Sciences
369:Society of California Pioneers
197:Born in England and raised in
1:
5683:People from American folklore
2946:Emperor of the United States
2864:for The Emperor Norton Trust.
2680:Lynch, EDW (August 7, 2013).
2554:Emperor Norton Tower proposal
1983:Photographs of Emperor Norton
1307:"1820 Settler Party: Willson"
1054:San Francisco Bay Area portal
656:Norton wrote many letters to
552:
419:
357:California Historical Society
63:
4455:Battle of the Little Bighorn
2868:Ryder, David Warren (1939).
2860:Lumea, John (2014–present).
2844:Lane, Allen Stanley (1939).
2735:Caufield, Catherine (1981).
2033:American History Illustrated
361:San Francisco Public Library
4480:First Battle of Adobe Walls
4424:Long Branch Saloon gunfight
4419:Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
2827:Kramer, William M. (1974).
2722:, The Emperor Norton Trust.
2575:, The Emperor Norton Trust.
2556:, The Emperor Norton Trust.
2237:Emperor Norton & Hawaii
1992:, The Emperor Norton Trust.
1848:The San Francisco Chronicle
1832:, The Emperor Norton Trust.
1120:The San Francisco Chronicle
838:. Stevenson's stepdaughter
391:Supreme Court of California
321:was placed at his grave in
5799:
5753:North Beach, San Francisco
5678:19th-century American Jews
4235:Great Western Cattle Trail
2592:December 15, 2013, at the
2522:The San Francisco Standard
2452:November 15, 2014, at the
1912:San Francisco Bay Guardian
1730:San Francisco Daily Herald
1636:December 15, 2022, at the
1446:The Emperor Norton Trust,
1004:or, failing that, the new
808:Cliff House, San Francisco
795:
710:Old Saint Mary's Cathedral
513:San Francisco Daily Herald
213:. He bought a shipload of
36:
30:For the record label, see
29:
5763:People from San Francisco
5668:19th-century English Jews
5627:
4764:
4323:Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine
4145:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous
3867:Frederick Russell Burnham
3020:
2964:
2959:
2952:
2937:
2932:
2925:
2903:
2795:Dressler, Albert (1927).
2787:Cowan, Robert E., et al.
2718:December 8, 2021, at the
2466:Metzger, Richard (2003).
2256:February 5, 2020, at the
2125:The Emperor Norton Trust.
1752:February 5, 2020, at the
1493:February 5, 2020, at the
1473:February 5, 2020, at the
1433:February 5, 2020, at the
1413:February 5, 2020, at the
1369:The Daily Alta California
1363:February 5, 2020, at the
1312:December 8, 2014, at the
1226:, January 11, 1880, p. 8.
1180:December 8, 2014, at the
1010:Salesforce Transit Center
884:. He appeared briefly in
648:, installed the Habsburg
571:Presidio of San Francisco
410:Declaring himself emperor
331:The Daily Alta California
168:San Francisco, California
111:San Francisco, California
55:
5773:Self-proclaimed monarchy
5743:History of San Francisco
5713:Culture of San Francisco
3664:"Mysterious Dave" Mather
2890:"Emperor Norton's Grave"
2884:The Emperor Norton Trust
2270:Asbury, Herbert (2002).
1958:"The Funeral of Lazarus"
1390:January 3, 2018, at the
931:The Emperor Norton Trust
734:traditional proclamation
608:The rallies were led by
349:The Emperor Norton Trust
298:, today part of London.
125:, Colma, California
4465:Battle of Washita River
4450:Battle of Glorieta Pass
4328:Lost Ship of the Desert
4270:Southern Emigrant Trail
4230:Great Platte River Road
3897:George Armstrong Custer
3689:William "Bill" Tilghman
3202:Nootka (Nuu-chah-nulth)
2806:Drury, William (1986).
2643:August 9, 2013, at the
2612:San Francisco Chronicle
2386:San Francisco Chronicle
2301:San Francisco Chronicle
2141:April 10, 2020, at the
2067:August 7, 2018, at the
2062:"Arrest of the Emperor"
1988:March 27, 2022, at the
1943:March 27, 2022, at the
1828:March 27, 2022, at the
1656:San Francisco Chronicle
1453:March 26, 2022, at the
1330:Drury, William (1986).
1224:San Francisco Chronicle
1175:"Joshua Abraham Norton"
765:San Francisco Chronicle
730:San Francisco Chronicle
305:San Francisco Chronicle
232:San Francisco Chronicle
4675:Rocky Mountain oysters
2776:Cowan, Robert Ernest.
2544:Hoodline, May 8, 2023.
2121:March 1, 2022, at the
1936:Mechanics' Institute,
1878:Bay Area Rapid Transit
1717:Daily Evening Bulletin
1701:Daily Evening Bulletin
1685:Daily Evening Bulletin
1618:Daily Evening Bulletin
1600:March 9, 2022, at the
887:Captain America Comics
830:Robert Louis Stevenson
815:
753:Alexander II of Russia
604:
562:
553:Norton's imperial acts
539:
526:
501:
476:
466:
456:
423:
240:Robert Louis Stevenson
203:real estate speculator
123:Woodlawn Memorial Park
39:Joshua Norton (artist)
32:Emperor Norton Records
4510:Wounded Knee Massacre
4460:Battle of San Jacinto
4429:Variety Hall shootout
4404:Battle of Coffeyville
4386:Pike's Peak Gold Rush
4366:Black Hills Gold Rush
4043:Thomas William Sweeny
3907:Samuel P. Heintzelman
3684:John Horton Slaughter
3578:Richens Lacey Wootton
3112:Five Civilized Tribes
2967:— TITULAR —
2940:— TITULAR —
2905:Joshua Abraham Norton
2762:. New York: Marlowe.
2571:May 13, 2023, at the
2540:May 10, 2023, at the
2516:May 10, 2023, at the
2496:May 10, 2023, at the
2418:San Francisco Almanac
2333:May 22, 2023, at the
2073:Daily Alta California
1884:on September 22, 2006
1581: (Cal. 1854).
1559:May 23, 2022, at the
1448:Emperor Norton at 200
805:
693:Daily Alta California
683:Later years and death
646:Emperor of the French
602:
576:Norton caricaturist,
560:
464:
417:
353:Emperor Norton at 200
178:". Commonly known as
164:Joshua Abraham Norton
78:Joshua Abraham Norton
18:Joshua Abraham Norton
5758:People from Deptford
5748:Jews from California
5688:American monarchists
5565:Washington Territory
5305:New Mexico Territory
4670:Pacific Northwestern
4589:Cowboys and cowgirls
4371:California Gold Rush
4348:Seven Cities of Gold
4333:Montezuma's treasure
4140:One-room schoolhouse
3988:George E. Goodfellow
3882:Texas Jack Omohundro
3725:"Curly Bill" Brocius
3523:Liver-Eating Johnson
3498:Tomás Vélez Cachupín
3052:Assiniboine (Nakota)
2973:Protector of Mexico
1854:on December 24, 2004
1823:Bridge Proclamations
1534:on February 23, 2007
1394:at 1820Settlers.com.
1184:at 1820Settlers.com.
947:is named after him.
940:, and a park in the
844:This Life I've Loved
365:Mechanics' Institute
5708:California folklore
4553:Pleasant Valley War
4495:Sand Creek massacre
4445:Battle of the Alamo
4318:Long Tom's treasure
4013:Octaviano Larrazolo
3927:Ranald S. Mackenzie
3877:"Buffalo Bill" Cody
3588:"Old Bill" Williams
3538:William John Murphy
2756:Cech, John (1997).
2669:on January 4, 2016.
2075:, January 22, 1967.
1797:Wall Street Journal
995:In 1939, the group
873:, and is voiced by
757:President of France
497:Major-General Scott
224:Northern California
5783:South African Jews
5378:Oklahoma Territory
4563:Sutton–Taylor feud
4543:Lincoln County War
4538:Johnson County War
4438:Military conflicts
4381:Klondike Gold Rush
4182:Westward expansion
4003:Zephaniah Kingsley
3777:John Wesley Hardin
3674:George Scarborough
3654:"Wild Bill" Hickok
3543:John Wesley Powell
2927:Titles in pretence
2907:"Emperor Norton I"
2566:"A Plaque in 1939"
2348:"Emperor Reburied"
1579:4 Cal. 355
1081:Bummer and Lazarus
966:In February 2023,
816:
792:In popular culture
605:
582:Bummer and Lazarus
563:
467:
424:
207:financially ruined
205:. However, he was
172:proclaimed himself
5645:
5644:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5598:Wyoming Territory
5166:Montana Territory
5002:Florida Territory
4815:Arizona Territory
4702:Western lifestyle
4533:Earp-Clanton feud
4475:Chimayó Rebellion
4409:Battle of Lincoln
4215:Butterfield Trail
4165:Vigilante justice
4056:
4055:
3983:John Joel Glanton
3968:Jonathan R. Davis
3963:William H. Boring
3568:Trinidad Swilling
3157:Lenape (Delaware)
3082:Chippewa (Ojibwe)
3014:American frontier
2981:
2980:
2969:
2942:
2819:978-0-396-08509-6
2769:978-1-56924-775-4
2748:978-0-7100-0957-9
2477:978-0-9713942-7-8
2432:978-0-8118-0841-5
2421:. San Francisco:
2296:"Le Roi Est Mort"
2281:978-1-56025-408-9
2272:The Barbary Coast
2013:978-0-930235-07-9
1964:on August 7, 2007
1343:978-0-396-08509-6
1318:La Belle Alliance
1220:"Le Roi Est Mort"
1014:Colma, California
1006:Transbay Terminal
896:Death Valley Days
812:Transbay Terminal
786:Colma, California
677:Kingdom of Hawaii
624:Foreign diplomacy
340:La Belle Alliance
323:Colma, California
315:La Belle Alliance
264:Mircea Cărtărescu
244:Christopher Moore
161:
160:
146:Years active
16:(Redirected from
5790:
5635:
5634:
5446:Oregon Territory
5383:Indian Territory
4949:Dakota Territory
4773:
4766:
4665:New Mexico chile
4548:Mason County War
4505:Texas Revolution
4470:Bear Flag Revolt
4220:California Trail
4130:Manifest destiny
4062:Frontier culture
3958:John Jacob Astor
3932:Charley Reynolds
3832:Younger Brothers
3812:Joaquin Murrieta
3699:Harry C. Wheeler
3694:James Timberlake
3583:Henry Wickenburg
3528:Meriwether Lewis
3447:Touch the Clouds
3309:Native Americans
3305:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2984:
2965:
2954:Title abolished
2938:
2921:
2914:
2901:
2873:
2857:
2840:
2823:
2802:
2773:
2752:
2723:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2665:. Archived from
2654:
2648:
2647:, June 12, 2013.
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2603:
2597:
2582:
2576:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2531:
2525:
2524:, April 7, 2023.
2507:
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2437:
2436:
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2403:
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2400:
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2367:
2365:
2356:. July 9, 1934.
2344:
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2261:
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2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2082:
2076:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1999:
1993:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1954:
1948:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1903:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1876:. San Francisco
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1850:. Archived from
1839:
1833:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1788:
1782:
1763:
1757:
1743:
1737:
1726:
1720:
1715:, San Francisco
1710:
1704:
1699:, San Francisco
1694:
1688:
1683:, San Francisco
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1647:
1641:
1627:
1621:
1616:, San Francisco
1611:
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1298:
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1274:10.2307/25177715
1253:
1240:
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1227:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1185:
1172:
1163:
1162:
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1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1111:
1091:Frederick Coombs
1076:Kinjirō Ashiwara
1070:
1068:Biography portal
1065:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1049:
927:United States".
852:L'Empereur Smith
775:Masonic Cemetery
736:of a new king).
727:
454:
421:
405:Reign as emperor
268:Charles Bukowski
106:
88:February 4, 1818
87:
85:
68:
65:
62:Emperor Norton,
60:
46:
21:
5798:
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5789:
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5787:
5648:
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5493:
5440:
5380:
5372:
5299:
5271:
5218:
5160:
5128:
5085:
5067:
5050:Idaho Territory
5044:
4996:
4943:
4910:
4862:
4809:
4760:
4655:Native American
4628:
4579:Arizona Rangers
4567:
4522:
4514:
4433:
4414:Frisco shootout
4390:
4352:
4298:Dead man's hand
4284:
4197:
4191:
4187:Wild West shows
4095:Cattle rustling
4052:
4038:Sedona Schnebly
4023:Sylvester Mowry
3946:
3937:Philip Sheridan
3887:James C. Cooney
3859:
3853:
3745:Dalton Brothers
3703:
3614:Charlie Bassett
3597:
3518:John C. Frémont
3472:
3466:
3432:Snapping Turtle
3296:
3247:Southern Paiute
3212:Pend d'Oreilles
3197:Northern Paiute
3023:
3016:
3011:
2976:
2970:
2949:
2943:
2915:
2913:4 February 1818
2909:
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2843:
2826:
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2720:Wayback Machine
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2645:Wayback Machine
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2583:
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2573:Wayback Machine
2564:
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2542:Wayback Machine
2532:
2528:
2518:Wayback Machine
2509:Julie Zigoris,
2508:
2504:
2498:Wayback Machine
2489:
2485:
2478:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2454:Wayback Machine
2444:
2440:
2433:
2423:Chronicle Books
2411:
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2406:
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2378:
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2373:
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2335:Wayback Machine
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2309:
2308:on May 24, 2011
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2258:Wayback Machine
2248:
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2235:Forbes, David.
2234:
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2014:
2001:
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1996:
1990:Wayback Machine
1981:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1956:
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1945:Wayback Machine
1935:
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1551:
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1535:
1526:Moylan, Peter.
1525:
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1495:Wayback Machine
1485:
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1475:Wayback Machine
1465:
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1455:Wayback Machine
1445:
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1435:Wayback Machine
1425:
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1415:Wayback Machine
1405:
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1383:
1379:
1371:, in which the
1365:Wayback Machine
1355:
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1329:
1328:
1324:
1314:Wayback Machine
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
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1235:William Drury,
1234:
1230:
1218:
1214:
1206:William Drury,
1205:
1201:
1193:William Drury,
1192:
1188:
1182:Wayback Machine
1173:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1144:
1143:
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1061:
1059:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1042:
997:E Clampus Vitus
993:
984:
961:
953:
951:Public tributes
911:William Challee
840:Isobel Osbourne
800:
794:
725:
685:
626:
555:
487:Washington City
455:
452:
412:
407:
276:
114:
108:
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103:January 8, 1880
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5555:Salt Lake City
5551:
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5547:Utah Territory
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5025:Prospect Bluff
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4294:
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4277:
4272:
4267:
4265:Santa Fe Trail
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4225:Chisholm Trail
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4178:
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4170:Western saloon
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4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
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4082:
4077:
4072:
4070:American bison
4066:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4028:Emperor Norton
4025:
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4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3998:Andrew Jackson
3995:
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3558:Jedediah Smith
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3302:
3301:Notable people
3298:
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3294:
3292:Yuma (Quechan)
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
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3252:Tohono Oʼodham
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3029:Native Nations
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3012:
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2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:8 January 1880
2904:
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2898:
2887:
2879:
2878:External links
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2792:
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2687:Laughing Squid
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2577:
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2458:
2438:
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2413:Hansen, Gladys
2404:
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2339:
2319:
2287:
2280:
2262:
2242:
2227:
2196:
2178:
2147:
2127:
2107:
2077:
2054:
2019:
2012:
1994:
1975:
1949:
1929:
1895:
1865:
1834:
1814:
1783:
1758:
1738:
1721:
1705:
1689:
1673:
1642:
1622:
1606:
1583:
1574:Ruiz v. Norton
1565:
1545:
1499:
1479:
1459:
1439:
1419:
1396:
1377:
1349:
1342:
1322:
1299:
1268:(3): 237–245.
1241:
1228:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1164:
1137:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1057:
1041:
1038:
992:
989:
983:
980:
960:
957:
952:
949:
796:Main article:
793:
790:
698:Pacific Appeal
684:
681:
673:King of Hawaii
658:Queen Victoria
625:
622:
554:
551:
450:
411:
408:
406:
403:
275:
272:
256:Selma Lagerlöf
192:invaded Mexico
180:Emperor Norton
170:, who in 1859
159:
158:
155:
154:Known for
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
120:
116:
115:
109:
107:(aged 61)
101:
97:
96:
90:
77:
75:
71:
70:
67: 1871–72
61:
53:
52:
50:Emperor Norton
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5795:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5718:Discordianism
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5638:
5630:
5629:
5626:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5578:Port Townsend
5576:
5574:
5571:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5406:Oklahoma City
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5379:
5375:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:Virginia City
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5247:Nebraska City
5245:
5243:
5242:Fort Robinson
5240:
5238:
5237:Fort Atkinson
5235:
5233:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5221:
5215:
5214:Virginia City
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5082:
5081:Fort Dearborn
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5030:St. Augustine
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4987:Standing Rock
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4906:San Francisco
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4823:Canyon Diablo
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4755:
4754:Snap fastener
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4727:Texas country
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4707:Western music
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4697:Western genre
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4570:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4500:Seminole Wars
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4210:Bozeman Trail
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4160:Train robbery
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Cowboy poetry
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3973:George Flavel
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Calamity Jane
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3856:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Frank McLaury
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3735:Billy Clanton
3733:
3731:
3730:Butch Cassidy
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3715:Billy the Kid
3713:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3659:Bat Masterson
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:Henry Garfias
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3593:Brigham Young
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3573:Ora Rush Weed
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3563:Jack Swilling
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3508:Davy Crockett
3506:
3504:
3503:William Clark
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3469:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Standing Bear
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3402:Quanah Parker
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2975:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2948:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2912:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2895:Atlas Obscura
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2706:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2676:
2673:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2445:Rachel Swan,
2442:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2372:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2312:September 19,
2307:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2238:
2231:
2228:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1968:September 15,
1963:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1666:September 17,
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1292:September 18,
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:
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1157:September 17,
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948:
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943:
939:
938:Discordianism
934:
932:
928:
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922:
921:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:
898:
897:
891:
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871:Shawn McManus
868:
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634:French Empire
632:In 1862, the
630:
623:
621:
617:
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611:
610:Denis Kearney
601:
597:
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585:
583:
579:
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547:Transbay Tube
544:
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289:
288:1820 Settlers
285:
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273:
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265:
261:
257:
253:
252:René Goscinny
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
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225:
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216:
215:Peruvian rice
212:
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184:French Empire
181:
177:
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141:United States
140:
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128:
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121:
119:Resting place
117:
112:
102:
98:
93:
76:
72:
59:
54:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5658:1810s births
5611:Fort Laramie
5606:Fort Bridger
5391:Broken Arrow
5142:Independence
4739:Cowboy boots
4734:Western wear
4614:Mountain men
4275:Tanner Trail
4260:Pony Express
4255:Oregon Trail
4250:Mormon Trail
4120:Homesteading
4085:Cattle drive
4048:Peter Lebeck
4033:Annie Oakley
4027:
3993:Doc Holliday
3922:Luther Kelly
3902:Alexis Godey
3892:George Crook
3827:Sundance Kid
3782:Johnny Ringo
3772:Bill Downing
3553:Levi Ruggles
3513:Donner Party
3488:John Bozeman
3483:Daniel Boone
3422:Sitting Bull
3397:Plenty Coups
3332:Chief Joseph
3327:Bloody Knife
3322:Black Kettle
3022:1776 to 1912
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:New creation
2960:
2953:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2933:
2917:
2910:
2893:
2869:
2845:
2828:
2808:
2797:
2788:
2781:
2758:
2737:
2708:
2698:February 25,
2696:. Retrieved
2685:
2675:
2667:the original
2662:
2652:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2611:
2601:
2585:
2580:
2561:
2549:
2533:Joe Kukura,
2529:
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2467:
2461:
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2407:
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2384:
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2351:
2342:
2326:John Lumea,
2322:
2310:. Retrieved
2306:the original
2299:
2290:
2271:
2265:
2249:John Lumea,
2245:
2236:
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2209:
2204:Lamb, Bill.
2199:
2181:
2169:. Retrieved
2160:
2150:
2134:John Lumea,
2130:
2114:John Lumea,
2110:
2100:November 10,
2098:. Retrieved
2089:
2080:
2072:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2036:
2032:
2022:
2003:
1997:
1978:
1966:. Retrieved
1962:the original
1952:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1911:
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1882:the original
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:the original
1847:
1837:
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1796:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1745:John Lumea,
1741:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1664:. Retrieved
1655:
1645:
1629:John Lumea,
1625:
1617:
1609:
1593:John Lumea,
1573:
1568:
1552:John Lumea,
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1532:the original
1486:John Lumea,
1482:
1466:John Lumea,
1462:
1442:
1426:John Lumea,
1422:
1406:John Lumea,
1380:
1372:
1368:
1356:John Lumea,
1352:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1265:
1261:
1236:
1231:
1223:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1194:
1189:
1155:. Retrieved
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1119:
1109:
1034:Willie Brown
1030:
1021:Aaron Peskin
1018:
994:
985:
976:London Breed
972:Aaron Peskin
965:
962:
954:
935:
929:
925:
920:Broken Arrow
918:
900:
894:
892:
885:
875:John Lithgow
860:
850:
848:
843:
834:
823:
817:
779:
769:
764:
761:
738:
729:
721:
718:Morning Call
717:
707:
702:
696:
692:
690:
686:
669:Kamehameha V
666:
655:
650:Maximilian I
642:Napoleon III
631:
627:
618:
606:
594:
589:
586:
575:
568:
564:
540:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
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491:
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457:
443:
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399:
388:
383:
380:
375:
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343:
339:
335:
329:
327:
314:
303:
300:
284:South Africa
280:English Jews
277:
231:
229:
220:
199:South Africa
196:
188:Napoleon III
179:
175:
163:
162:
105:(1880-01-08)
43:
5663:1880 deaths
5537:San Antonio
5474:Oregon City
5469:McMinnville
5396:Fort Gibson
5328:Fort Sumner
5318:Albuquerque
5285:Carson City
5189:Fort Benton
5147:Kansas City
5119:Leavenworth
5040:Tallahassee
4891:Los Angeles
4876:Bakersfield
4853:Window Rock
4660:New Mexican
4650:Californian
4599:Ghost towns
4490:Mexican War
4485:Indian Wars
4358:Gold rushes
4338:Paul Bunyan
4245:Meek Cutoff
4205:Barlow Road
4075:Barbed wire
4008:Seth Kinman
3822:Soapy Smith
3817:Belle Starr
3807:Tom McLaury
3797:Tom Ketchum
3792:Frank James
3787:Jesse James
3767:Bill Doolin
3740:Ike Clanton
3679:John Selman
3669:Bass Reeves
3644:Pat Garrett
3629:Virgil Earp
3624:Morgan Earp
3609:Elfego Baca
3548:Juan Rivera
3493:Jim Bridger
3372:Ganundalegi
3357:Crazy Snake
3352:Crazy Horse
2977:1863–1867?
2220:October 27,
1096:José Sarria
1016:, in 2021.
942:micronation
915:Sam Clemens
867:Neil Gaiman
862:The Sandman
835:The Wrecker
578:Edward Jump
535:Goat Island
395:North Beach
260:Neil Gaiman
138:Citizenship
130:Nationality
5768:Pretenders
5652:Categories
5522:Fort Worth
5459:The Dalles
5426:Tishomingo
5313:Alamogordo
5204:Livingston
5184:Deer Lodge
5104:Dodge City
5058:Fort Boise
5015:Negro Fort
4982:Rapid City
4977:Pine Ridge
4972:Fort Yates
4896:Sacramento
4868:California
4828:Fort Grant
4744:Cowboy hat
4712:New Mexico
4692:Weird West
4645:Chuckwagon
4558:Sheep Wars
4520:Range wars
4343:Pecos Bill
4313:Johnny Kaw
4308:John Henry
4303:Dime novel
4198:and trails
4175:Tack piano
4155:Stagecoach
4110:Ghost town
3872:Kit Carson
3860:and scouts
3720:Black Bart
3634:Wyatt Earp
3362:Dasoda-hae
3347:Crazy Bear
3317:Black Hawk
2854:B00086ATPC
2837:B0006CF3KO
2729:References
2171:August 19,
2161:Coin World
1922:August 15,
1130:August 29,
1025:Phil Frank
970:president
857:Lucky Luke
820:Mark Twain
638:Reform War
590:Daily Alta
274:Early life
236:Mark Twain
84:1818-02-04
5588:Vancouver
5464:La Grande
5431:Tuskahoma
5421:Tahlequah
5401:Fort Sill
5368:Tucumcari
5338:Las Vegas
5267:Whiteclay
5262:Valentine
5194:Fort Peck
5152:St. Louis
5109:Ellsworth
5063:Fort Hall
5035:St. Marks
5020:Pensacola
4934:Telluride
4901:San Diego
4886:Jamestown
4843:Tombstone
4785:Anchorage
4633:Influence
4604:Gunfights
4396:Gunfights
4240:Lolo Pass
4196:Transport
4135:Moonshine
4125:Land rush
4115:Gunfights
4105:Fast draw
4080:Boot Hill
3978:C. S. Fly
3942:Al Sieber
3649:Jack Helm
3533:Joe Mayer
3471:Explorers
3442:Ten Bears
3427:Smallwood
3412:Sacagawea
3407:Red Cloud
3387:Manuelito
3382:Kiliahote
3232:Seminoles
3192:Nez Perce
3057:Blackfoot
2934:New title
2210:ThoughtCo
2090:IPUMS USA
2047:April 23,
2039:: 14–20.
1888:April 18,
1858:April 17,
1538:April 17,
1086:Frank Chu
907:Sam Jaffe
770:Chronicle
742:stovepipe
620:auction.
506:Civil War
474:entitled.
446:Algoa Bay
376:Franzeska
319:headstone
186:, led by
149:1859–1880
94:, England
5637:Category
5527:Gonzales
5479:Portland
5416:Pawhuska
5411:Okmulgee
5363:Santa Fe
5353:Mogollon
5323:Cimarron
5252:Ogallala
5224:Nebraska
5209:Missoula
5174:Billings
5134:Missouri
5073:Illinois
4962:Deadwood
4957:Bismarck
4939:Trinidad
4916:Colorado
4833:Prescott
4790:Iditarod
4717:Red Dirt
4290:Folklore
4100:Cow town
4018:Nat Love
3912:Tom Horn
3858:Soldiers
3619:Roy Bean
3475:pioneers
3462:Washakie
3457:Victorio
3367:Geronimo
3342:Degataga
3237:Shoshone
3182:Muscogee
3167:Maricopa
3142:Kumeyaay
3132:Kickapoo
3127:Hualapai
3097:Comanche
3072:Cheyenne
3062:Cahuilla
2716:Archived
2692:Archived
2641:Archived
2622:July 12,
2616:Archived
2590:Archived
2569:Archived
2538:Archived
2514:Archived
2494:Archived
2450:Archived
2415:(1995).
2397:June 26,
2391:Archived
2364:March 3,
2358:Archived
2331:Archived
2254:Archived
2214:Archived
2191:Archived
2165:Archived
2139:Archived
2119:Archived
2094:Archived
2065:Archived
2041:Archived
1986:Archived
1941:Archived
1916:Archived
1826:Archived
1807:March 5,
1801:Archived
1750:Archived
1660:Archived
1634:Archived
1598:Archived
1557:Archived
1491:Archived
1471:Archived
1451:Archived
1431:Archived
1411:Archived
1388:Archived
1361:Archived
1310:Archived
1286:Archived
1282:25177715
1178:Archived
1151:Archived
1124:Archived
1040:See also
945:Molossia
828:on him.
545:and the
524:dollars.
451:—
438:Bulletin
367:and the
296:Deptford
294:town of
92:Deptford
5583:Seattle
5573:Everett
5532:Lubbock
5517:El Paso
5512:Abilene
5454:Astoria
5358:Roswell
5348:Mesilla
5343:Lincoln
5232:Chadron
5179:Bozeman
5124:Wichita
5099:Abilene
4992:Yankton
4838:Phoenix
4805:Skagway
4680:Tex-Mex
4619:Outlaws
3708:Outlaws
3417:Seattle
3377:Irataba
3337:Cochise
3287:Yavapai
3257:Tonkawa
3217:Pequots
3147:Kutenai
3117:Hidatsa
3092:Cocopah
3077:Chinook
3047:Arikara
3042:Arapaho
902:Bonanza
879:Audible
877:in the
644:, then
310:coroner
292:Kentish
133:English
5507:Austin
5436:Wewoka
5333:Gallup
5277:Nevada
5199:Helena
5091:Kansas
5010:Angola
4929:Denver
4924:Creede
4881:Fresno
4848:Tucson
4800:Seward
4777:Alaska
4769:Places
4722:Tejano
4609:Lawmen
3951:Others
3761:Emmett
3602:Lawmen
3392:Massai
3277:Yakama
3272:Washoe
3262:Umpqua
3227:Pueblo
3207:Pawnee
3187:Navajo
3177:Mohave
3162:Mandan
3152:Lakota
3107:Dakota
3067:Cayuse
3037:Apache
2916:
2852:
2835:
2816:
2766:
2745:
2474:
2429:
2278:
2010:
1577:,
1340:
1280:
726:
703:Appeal
671:, the
363:, the
359:, the
248:Morris
113:, U.S.
5499:Texas
5484:Salem
5257:Omaha
4967:Fargo
4749:Jeans
4594:Gangs
4572:Lists
4525:feuds
4150:Rodeo
3282:Yaqui
3242:Sioux
3172:Modoc
3137:Kiowa
3087:Caddo
2918:Died:
2911:Born:
2663:SFist
1278:JSTOR
1102:Notes
890:#11.
746:derby
384:Glyde
211:China
5489:Vale
5381:and
5295:Reno
5114:Hays
4858:Yuma
4795:Nome
4523:and
3848:John
3836:Cole
3753:Bill
3749:Grat
3473:and
3452:Tuvi
3222:Pima
3122:Hopi
3102:Crow
2850:ASIN
2833:ASIN
2814:ISBN
2764:ISBN
2743:ISBN
2700:2018
2624:2008
2472:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2399:2007
2366:2021
2353:Time
2314:2006
2276:ISBN
2222:2020
2173:2018
2102:2023
2049:2007
2008:ISBN
1970:2006
1924:2013
1890:2007
1860:2007
1809:2016
1668:2009
1540:2007
1373:Alta
1338:ISBN
1294:2006
1159:2009
1132:2024
869:and
855:, a
750:Tsar
744:, a
722:Call
422:1875
344:Alta
336:Alta
266:and
100:Died
74:Born
3844:Jim
3840:Bob
3757:Bob
3267:Ute
2892:at
2780:in
1270:doi
913:as
784:in
194:.
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2298:.
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2037:10
2035:.
2031:.
1914:.
1910:.
1898:^
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1799:.
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