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128:. The steam cultivation was a failure. Parkes, however, observed the deep cuttings on the bog, and found that deep drains began to run after wet weather, not from the water above, but from rising water. Draining the stagnant moisture from about a metre below the surface had a marked effect on the soil. Parkes's views replaced the convention wisdom of the time, of James Smith of Deanston.
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A Birmingham manufacturer on Parkes's suggestion produced in 1844 the first set of drain-cutting implements, and in 1843 John Reade, a self-taught mechanic, invented a cylindrical clay pipe as a cheap conduit for the water.
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in 1846 helped finance drainage on Parkes's principle. Parkes, though, had less success with practical projects, was touchy, and rejected innovations in his field by
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At the age of 17 Parkes started to work in his father's mill; in 1820 the factory at
Warwick closed, and Parkes moved to Manchester, where he knew
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and others. His last major work was for the War
Department: the draining, forming and fixing of sea slopes in the fortifications at
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For Mr. Heathcote of
Tiverton, Parkes carried out a plan for draining a part of
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On the
Percussive or Instantaneous Action of Steam and other Aëriform Fluids
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of the
Institution of Civil Engineers he contributed five communications:
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On Steam
Engines, principally with reference to their Consumption of Fuel
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152:, from 1862 to 1869. Immediately afterwards he retired from business.
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of 1830 in Paris, but lost his business and he returned to
England.
318: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Work on
Draining, with observations upon it by the Duke of Portland
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50:, and third son of John Parkes, a manufacturer, he was born at
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Parkes's main contributions to agricultural literature were:
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On the
Quantity of Rain-water and its Discharge by Drains
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A Refutation of a Letter by Lord
Wharncliffe to P. Pusey
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On the Action of Steam in Cornish Single-pumping Engines
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On the Influence of Water on the Temperature of Soils
85:. On 11 March 1823 he was chosen an associate of the
267:Essay on the Philosophy and Art of Land Drainage
96:and set up in business; he was often visited by
73:. He worked on inventions for the prevention of
212:On the Evaporation of Water from Steam Boilers
185:Journal Royal Agricultural Society of England
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89:, and became a member on 26 December 1837.
334:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
303:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
191:On Reducing the Permanent Cost of Drainage
54:on 27 February 1793. He was educated at
124:, which he tried to cultivate by using
77:, and then took up a new process for
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273:Fallacies on Land-Drainage Exposed
222:On Steam Boilers and Steam Engines
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331:Dictionary of National Biography
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300:Dictionary of National Biography
250:Parkes was also the author of:
87:Institution of Civil Engineers
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193:(JRASE 1845, vi. 125–9); and
30:(1793–1871) was an English
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199:(JRASE 1846, vii. 249–72).
92:In 1825 Parkes removed to
162:Freshwater, Isle of Wight
358:English civil engineers
294:"Parkes, Josiah"
203:To the minutes of the
104:. He took part in the
230:, (1840) for which a
214:, (1838) for which a
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216:Telford Silver Medal
255:Lecture on Draining
187:, 1845, v. 119–58);
232:Telford Gold Medal
138:John Bailey Denton
112:Drainage engineer
94:Puteaux-sur-Seine
16:(Redirected from
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58:'s school at
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36:deep drainage
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28:Josiah Parkes
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18:Josias Parkes
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146:Warden Point
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353:1871 deaths
348:1793 births
309:Attribution
240:(1840); and
205:Proceedings
197:On Draining
126:steam power
100:, then the
71:John Dalton
342:Categories
286:References
122:Lancashire
42:Early life
142:Yaverland
118:Chat Moss
60:Greenwich
83:Woolwich
38:system.
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281:, 1851.
269:, 1848.
263:, 1847.
257:, 1846.
246:(1841).
224:(1839);
81:, near
52:Warwick
179:, and
168:Works
156:Death
75:smoke
144:and
69:and
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183:(
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