392:
221:
203:
994:
1006:
1018:
388:(who was Governor from 1911 to 1913), made efforts to establish the coconut palm tree, which had been grown in Timor even before the Portuguese arrived, as a cash crop. He also set up regular sea connections with Macau and Australia, and a colonial telephone network several hundred kilometres long. The swamps of Dili were drained, a water supply was established, and in 1906 a modern hospital was built.
898:
982:
356:
In 1894, Celestino da Silva was appointed to the rank of Major, and as
Governor of Portuguese Timor. Under him, the dominance of Portuguese rule in the colony was consolidated. In three major offensives launched in 1894-95, he carried on wars of pacification against certain kingdoms. He also draw
403:
However, Celestino da Silva also used his position as governor to enrich himself, both at the expense of the
Portuguese state and at the expense of the Timorese inhabitants. He was either involved in, or the owner of, almost all private plantation companies that emerged for the first time in his
481:
49:
372:
tax, which had been levied in kind, was replaced with a poll tax. He founded schools in various parts of the colony where the population was taught the basics of agriculture in order to apply them to coffee cultivation for export. He and one of his successors,
1068:
408:(SAPT), which eventually acquired wide-ranging monopolies in the colony, and even after World War II was majority owned by his descendants. Contemporary critics mockingly called him "King of Timor".
308:
278:
38:
1063:
1058:
368:
From
Celestino da Silva's point of view, future wars could only be prevented if the military, civilian officials and the missionaries did a good job. During his tenure, the
712:
317:
60:
456:
as acting governor, and had traveled with his wife to
Australia. After he returned to Dili, he even offered his help to Marques, as Castro's father, General
934:
340:, from which he graduated in 1865 as best in class. In 1869, he was given the rank of ensign. In that capacity, he was assigned to Prince Carlos, later
405:
472:. In 1910, after the proclamation of the Republic, he was promoted to the rank of General and placed in the reserve. He died on 10 February 1911.
1048:
468:
On the trip home, Celestino da Silva's ill wife died. Following his return to
Portugal, he was appointed as Commander of a Cavalry Regiment in
1073:
902:
365:), but even so, he had to quell various rebellions. Overall, he conducted more than 20 military actions during his tenure as governor.
1053:
445:, who would arrest Celestino da Silva in an emergency. However, for health reasons Celestino da Silva had meanwhile appointed Captain
806:
735:
440:
436:
383:
379:
345:
880:
836:
415:
was the governor recalled. As it was feared that
Celestino de Silva would not voluntarily vacate his post, his successor,
391:
972:
501:
493:
304:
270:
34:
431:
374:
337:
717:
513:
509:
505:
923:
869:
Portugal in
Osttimor: Eine kritische Untersuchung zur portugiesischen Kolonialgeschichte in Osttimor 1850 bis 1912
98:
457:
344:, and a friendship arose between the two. In 1875, he was promoted to lieutenant, and in 1883 to captain in the
918:
93:
770:
416:
404:
reign. He also illegally provided these companies with
Timorese forced laborers. In 1897, he established the
497:
947:
446:
115:
873:
Portugal in East Timor: A Critical
Examination of Portuguese Colonial History in East Timor 1850 to 1912
496:. For his achievements on Timor, he was awarded the gold medal for military merit and the gold medal of
425:
421:
1043:
1038:
341:
81:
480:
993:
952:
451:
120:
48:
876:
832:
802:
778:
469:
986:
396:
333:
161:
1022:
1010:
736:"Planters and small holders in Portuguese Timor in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries"
412:
313:
225:
329:
1005:
1032:
750:
512:
banknotes depicting
Celestino da Silva's image to replace the previously circulating
489:
484:
A sixty Timorese Escudo banknote from 1959, featuring the former governor's portrait.
826:
998:
847:
782:
358:
897:
220:
208:
165:
296:
249:
25:
184:
771:"Three centuries of violence and struggle in East Timor (1726-2008)"
1069:
Commanders of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa
479:
390:
316:
officer and colonial administrator. Between 1894 and 1908, he was
279:
Commander of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa
430:, was accompanied by the Director General of Overseas, Captain
516:
notes. The new banknotes began circulating in January 1960.
828:
Tetum Ghosts and Kin: Fertility and Gender in East Timor
715:[Peacebuilding campaigns on BNU issues: Timor].
677:
675:
673:
970:
775:
Violence de masse et Résistance - Réseau de recherche
713:"Campanhas de pacificação nas emissões do BNU: Timor"
411:
Only after Celestino da Silva's friend King Carlos I
831:(2nd ed.). Long Grove, IL, US: Waveland Press.
540:
538:
536:
534:
263:
255:
245:
231:
214:
196:
191:
174:
145:
140:
106:
87:
77:
59:
23:
502:Grand Officer of the Order of the Colonial Empire
271:Grand Officer of the Order of the Colonial Empire
336:, Portugal, on 6 January 1849. He attended the
652:
395:Portrait of Celestino da Silva as Governor of
846:Homem, António Teixeira (30 September 2005).
8:
711:Carvalho, Nuno Fernandes (September 2014).
1064:20th-century Portuguese military personnel
1059:19th-century Portuguese military personnel
907:
875:] (in German). Hamburg: Abera Verlag.
318:governor of the colony of Portuguese Timor
312:(6 January 1849 – 10 February 1911) was a
47:
20:
681:
500:. In 1932, he was posthumously appointed
693:
556:
977:
530:
488:Celestino da Silva was a knight of the
628:
604:
592:
580:
616:
544:
7:
769:Durand, Frédéric (14 October 2011).
664:
640:
568:
406:Sociedade Agrícola Pátria e Trabalho
734:Clarence-Smith, W.G. (March 1992).
14:
848:"General José Celestino da Silva"
432:Gonçalo Pereira Pimenta de Castro
375:Filomeno da Câmara de Melo Cabral
361:with several native petty kings (
1016:
1004:
992:
980:
896:
219:
201:
328:Celestino da Silva was born in
801:. Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books.
1:
1049:Governors of Portuguese Timor
235:
1074:People from Chaves, Portugal
948:Jaime Augusto Viera da Rocha
935:Governor of Portuguese Timor
797:Durand, Frédéric B. (2016).
494:Order of the Tower and Sword
447:Jaime Augusto Viera da Rocha
116:Jaime Augusto Viera da Rocha
61:Governor of Portuguese Timor
820:. Macau: Livros do Oriente.
1090:
919:Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa
867:Schlicher, Monika (1996).
816:Gunn, Geoffrey C. (1999).
514:Portuguese Timorese pataca
510:Portuguese Timorese escudo
506:Banco Nacional Ultramarino
504:. In the late 1950s, the
94:Porfírio Zeferino de Sousa
1054:Portuguese army personnel
943:
932:
915:
910:
818:Timor Loro Sae: 500 years
458:Joaquim Pimenta de Castro
290:
136:
66:
55:
46:
718:Caixa Geral de Depósitos
413:was assassinated in 1908
903:José Celestino da Silva
460:, was a friend of his.
417:Eduardo Augusto Marques
300:José Celestino da Silva
30:José Celestino da Silva
799:History of Timor-Leste
485:
400:
905:at Wikimedia Commons
825:Hicks, David (2004).
777:. Paris: SciencesPo.
508:decided to issue new
483:
394:
324:Early life and career
232:Years of service
643:, pp. 105, 140.
346:2nd Lancers Regiment
342:Carlos I of Portugal
82:Carlos I of Portugal
911:Government offices
653:Clarence-Smith 1992
962:as Acting Governor
852:Notícias de Chaves
756:on 2 February 2010
486:
476:Honours and awards
401:
338:School of the Army
16:Portuguese officer
969:
968:
965:
944:Succeeded by
901:Media related to
696:, pp. 1, 14.
571:, pp. 88–89.
294:
293:
283:
275:
156: []]
129:
128:(Acting Governor)
1081:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1009:
1008:
997:
996:
985:
984:
983:
976:
959:
957:
956:
927:
916:Preceded by
908:
900:
886:
863:
861:
859:
842:
821:
812:
793:
791:
789:
765:
763:
761:
755:
749:. Archived from
743:Indonesia Circle
740:
730:
728:
726:
697:
691:
685:
679:
668:
662:
656:
650:
644:
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387:
311:
281:
273:
240:
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224:
223:
207:
205:
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192:Military service
181:
178:10 February 1911
157:
141:Personal details
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90:
71:
51:
41:
21:
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991:
981:
979:
971:
958:
950:
946:
940:
938:
930:
928:
921:
894:
889:
883:
866:
857:
855:
854:(in Portuguese)
845:
839:
824:
815:
809:
796:
787:
785:
768:
759:
757:
753:
738:
733:
724:
722:
721:(in Portuguese)
710:
706:
701:
700:
692:
688:
680:
671:
663:
659:
651:
647:
639:
635:
627:
623:
615:
611:
603:
599:
591:
587:
579:
575:
567:
563:
555:
551:
543:
532:
527:
522:
478:
466:
449:
434:
419:
377:
354:
330:Vilar de Nantes
326:
314:Portuguese Army
303:
286:
238:
226:Portuguese Army
218:
202:
200:
183:
179:
170:
155:
150:
132:
118:
107:
96:
88:
72:
67:
42:
33:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1087:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1013:
1001:
989:
967:
966:
945:
942:
931:
917:
913:
912:
893:
892:External links
890:
888:
887:
881:
864:
843:
837:
822:
813:
807:
794:
766:
731:
707:
705:
702:
699:
698:
686:
682:Schlicher 1996
669:
667:, p. 117.
657:
645:
633:
621:
609:
597:
585:
573:
561:
549:
529:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
477:
474:
465:
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353:
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292:
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267:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
242:
233:
229:
228:
216:
215:Branch/service
212:
211:
198:
194:
193:
189:
188:
182:(aged 62)
176:
172:
171:
169:
168:
159:
151:
149:6 January 1849
147:
143:
142:
138:
137:
134:
133:
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125:
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91:
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24:
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13:
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988:
978:
974:
964:
963:
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949:
937:
936:
925:
920:
914:
909:
906:
904:
899:
891:
884:
878:
874:
870:
865:
853:
849:
844:
840:
834:
830:
829:
823:
819:
814:
810:
808:9786162151248
804:
800:
795:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
752:
748:
744:
737:
732:
720:
719:
714:
709:
708:
703:
695:
694:Carvalho 2014
690:
687:
683:
678:
676:
674:
670:
666:
661:
658:
654:
649:
646:
642:
637:
634:
631:, p. 68.
630:
625:
622:
619:, p. 56.
618:
613:
610:
607:, p. 67.
606:
601:
598:
594:
589:
586:
582:
577:
574:
570:
565:
562:
558:
557:Carvalho 2014
553:
550:
546:
541:
539:
537:
535:
531:
524:
519:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:Order of Aviz
482:
475:
473:
471:
463:
461:
459:
453:
448:
442:
438:
433:
427:
423:
418:
414:
409:
407:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
371:
366:
364:
360:
351:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
323:
321:
319:
315:
310:
306:
301:
298:
289:
280:
277:
272:
269:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
251:
248:
244:
234:
230:
227:
222:
217:
213:
210:
199:
195:
190:
186:
177:
173:
167:
163:
160:
153:
152:
148:
144:
139:
135:
126:
122:
117:
114:
113:
111:
105:
100:
95:
92:
86:
83:
80:
76:
70:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
36:
27:
22:
19:
961:
960:
933:
895:
872:
868:
856:. Retrieved
851:
827:
817:
798:
786:. Retrieved
774:
758:. Retrieved
751:the original
746:
742:
723:. Retrieved
716:
704:Bibliography
689:
660:
655:, p. 4.
648:
636:
624:
612:
600:
595:, p. 6.
588:
583:, p. 5.
576:
564:
559:, p. 2.
552:
498:Queen Amélie
487:
467:
464:Later career
410:
402:
369:
367:
362:
357:up terms of
355:
352:Governorship
327:
299:
295:
259:Manufani War
256:Battles/wars
180:(1911-02-10)
108:Succeeded by
68:
18:
1044:1911 deaths
1039:1849 births
951: [
922: [
858:27 November
788:27 November
760:27 November
725:21 November
629:Durand 2016
605:Durand 2016
593:Durand 2011
581:Durand 2011
492:and of the
450: [
435: [
420: [
378: [
239: 1865
119: [
97: [
89:Preceded by
1033:Categories
882:3931567079
838:1577662652
617:Hicks 2004
545:Homem 2005
520:References
197:Allegiance
187:, Portugal
987:Biography
939:1894–1908
783:1961-9898
665:Gunn 1999
641:Gunn 1999
569:Gunn 1999
359:vassalage
73:1894–1908
69:In office
1023:Portugal
1011:Politics
209:Portugal
166:Portugal
973:Portals
941:
470:Almeida
297:General
250:General
78:Monarch
26:General
929:
879:
835:
805:
781:
363:Liurai
334:Chaves
309:ComNSC
282:(1894)
274:(1932)
264:Awards
206:
185:Lisbon
162:Chaves
39:ComNSC
955:]
926:]
871:[
754:(PDF)
739:(PDF)
525:Notes
454:]
443:]
428:]
397:Timor
386:]
370:finta
241:–1910
123:]
101:]
999:Asia
877:ISBN
860:2018
833:ISBN
803:ISBN
790:2018
779:ISSN
762:2018
727:2018
305:GOIC
246:Rank
175:Died
146:Born
35:GOIC
320:.
1035::
953:de
924:de
850:.
773:.
747:57
745:.
741:.
672:^
533:^
452:de
441:pt
439:;
437:de
426:pt
424:;
422:de
384:pt
382:;
380:de
348:.
332:,
307:,
302:,
236:c.
164:,
121:de
99:de
37:,
975::
885:.
862:.
841:.
811:.
792:.
764:.
729:.
684:.
547:.
399:.
158:,
154:]
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
