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592:. There was, in addition, a section of early poems, "comprising what I deem to be the best of the work done in my early youth," published for the first time. With this volume "Villa abandoned poetry" (Cowen). Villa, however, went under "self-exile" after the 1960s, even though he was nominated for several major literary awards including the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. This was perhaps because of oppositions between his formalism (literature) formalist style and the advocates of
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of having little faith in
Filipinos' ability to write creatively in English, saying that "poetry in English has no prospects whatsoever in the Philippines—i.e., ... that it cannot be written by Filipino writers. An exception or two may arise after a long period of time, but these writers will remain exceptions. The reason why Filipino writers are at a disadvantage in the writing of English poetry—is that they have no oneness with the English language."
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650:—where the points of color are themselves the medium as well as the technique of statement". This unusual style forces the reader to pause after every word, slowing the pace of the poem and resulting in what Villa calls "a lineal pace of dignity and movement". An example of Villa's "comma poems" can be found in an excerpt of his work
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Villa was born on August 5, 1908, in Manila's
Singalong district. His parents were Simeón Villa (a personal physician of Emilio Aguinaldo) and Guia Garcia (a wealthy landowner). He graduated from the University of the Philippines Integrated School and the University of the Philippines High School in
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reveals that Villa's concern for "ultimate things, the self and the universe. He is also on visiting terms with the world. He is more interested in himself than in the universe, and he greets the world with but a decent urbanity." Although she viewed Villa's range as somewhat narrow, he "soars high
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described Villa as "the one
Filipino writer today who it would be futile to deride and impossible to ignore ... the pace-setter for an entire generation of young writers, the mentor laying down the law for the whole tribe, the patron-saint of a cult of rebellious moderns." However, Villa was accused
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Villa worked as an associate editor for New
Directions Publishing in New York City from 1949 to 1951, and then became director of poetry workshop at City College of New York from 1952 to 1960. He then left the literary scene and concentrated on teaching, first lecturing in The New School for Social
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On
February 5, 1997, at the age of 88, José was found unconscious in his New York apartment and was rushed to St. Vincent Hospital in the Greenwich Village area. His death two days later, February 7, was attributed to "cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia". He was buried on February 10 in St.
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1925. Villa enrolled on a Pre-Medical course in the
University of the Philippines, but then switched to Pre-Law course. However, he realized that his true passion was in the arts. Villa first tried painting, but then turned into creative writing after reading Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson.
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In 1946 Villa married
Rosemarie Lamb, with whom he had two sons, Randall and Lance. They annulled their marriage ten years later. He also had three grandchildren, Jordan Villa, Sara Villa Stokes and Travis Villa. Villa was especially close to his nieces, Ruby Precilla, Milagros Villanueva, Maria
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wrote, "For at least two years the name of José Garcia Villa has been familiar to the devotees of the experimental short story... They knew, too, that he was an extremely youthful
Filipino who had somehow acquired the ability to write a remarkable English prose and who had come to America as a
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that the technique of putting commas after every word "is as demonstrably malfunctional as a dragging foot". Ten years later, Casper continued to criticize Villa because he "still uses the 'commas' with inadequate understanding and skill". On the other hand, Sitwell wrote in
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Research from 1964 to 1973, as well as conducting poetry workshops in his apartment. Villa was also a cultural attaché to the
Philippine Mission to the United Nations from 1952 to 1963, and an adviser on cultural affairs to the President of the Philippines beginning 1968.
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in 1942, he introduced a new rhyming scheme called "reversed consonance" wherein, according to Villa: "The last sounded consonants of the last syllable, or the last principal consonant of a word, are reversed for the corresponding rhyme. Thus, a rhyme for
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in 1943. Villa also won first prize in the Poetry
Category of UP Golden Jubilee Literary Contests in 1958, as well as the Pro Patria Award for literature in 1961, and the Heritage Award for poetry and short stories a year later. He was conferred with a
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throughout much of the 20th century, although he had lived most of his life in the United States. His writing style, as well as his personality and staunch opinions on writing, has often made him considered as an eccentric. Francia explained in
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in 1929, an anthology of Filipino short stories written in English that were mostly published in the literary magazine Philippine Free Press for that year. It is the second anthology to have been published in the Philippines, after
479:, he wrote: "The commas are an integral and essential part of the medium: regulating the poem's verbal density and time movement: enabling each word to attain a fuller tonal value, and the line movement to become more measured."
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published in 2000, which featured over 1,600 poems written by hundreds of poets in different languages and culture within a span of 40 centuries dating from the development of early writing in ancient
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magazine, "In a world of English-language poetry dominated by British and Americans, Villa stood out for the ascetic brilliance of his poetry and for his national origin." Fellow Filipino writer
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magazine that the comma poem "springs with a wild force, straight from the poet's being, from his blood, from his spirit, as a fire breaks from wood, or as a flower grows from its soil".
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Despite his success in the United States, Villa was largely dismissed in mainstream American literature and has been criticized by Asian American scholars for not being "ethnic" enough.
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that "prose can be a laboratory for metrics", he tried to make the adapted words his own. His opinion on what makes a good poetry was in contrast to the progressive style of
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student in the summer of 1930." This comment brought out two opposing impressions of him: as a literary genius, and merely as a writer of English as a second language.
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512:, Penguin Classics’ reissue of Villa's poems edited by John Edwin Cowen, there were readings of his poems by Cowen, by book introducer Luis H. Francia, and by scholar
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found too bold and was even fined for obscenity by the Manila Court of First Instance. In that same year, Villa won Best Story of the Year from
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Critics were divided about Villa's "comma poems". On one side, they were irritated by them, calling them "gimmicky". Leonard Casper wrote in
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to Villa—hailed the poet as "one of a half-dozen American short-story writers who count". Meanwhile, in reaction to Villa's poems,
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Villa also created verses out of already-published proses and forming what he liked to call "Collages". This excerpt from his poem
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by editor Paz Márquez-Benítez in 1927. His first collection of short stories that he had written were published under the title
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756:, lest their poems become "contaminated by narrative elements", insisting that real poetry is "written with words, not ideas".
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In 1949, Villa presented a poetic style he called "comma poems", wherein commas are placed after every word. In the preface of
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in 1933, Villa switched from writing prose to poetry, and published only a handful of works until 1942. During the release of
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615:(a collection of Villa's poems for young readers, with Tagalog language Tagalog translation provided by Larry Francia), and
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interviewed Cowen and Francia on the "Pope of Greenwich Village's" life and work, followed by the Asia Pacific Forum show.
452:. Villa had gradually caught the attention of the country's literary circles, one of the few Asians to do so at that time.
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in Manila on 1959 (and later by University of the Philippines), and the National Artist Award for Literature in 1973.
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448:, a mimeograph literary magazine. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, and pursued post-graduate work at
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392:"), based on the characters he derived from his own works. These animals were also explored by another poet,
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that it is "...So natural yet in its daring so weird, a poet rich and surprising, and not to be ignored".
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During the United States' Formalist period in literature, American writers admired Villa's work.
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Villa's art poetic style was considered too aggressive at that time. In 1929 he submitted
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1154:"Filipino American History Month: Jose Garcia Villa - English | Colorado State University"
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title for literature in 1973, as well as the Guggenheim Fellowship in creative writing by
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On August 5 and 6, 2008, Villa's centennial celebration began with a poem reading at the
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1,000 prize for "outstanding work in American literature", as well as a fellowship from
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that was edited by Eileen Tabios with a foreword provided by Hagedorn (both in 1999).
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He enrolled at the University of New Mexico, wherein he was one of the founders of
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He also advised his students who aspire to become poets not to read any form of
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1293:"Jose Garcia Villa: Filipino writers, their lives, their work (PinoyLit)"
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in which he retained "only those poems that I can still care about" from
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1311:"The Penguin Classic Book Centennial Celebration of José Garcia Villa's
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Poems in praise of love : the best love poems of Jose Garcia Villa.
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by Pacita Habana and other professors from Far Eastern University, and
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356:, literary critic, short story writer, and painter. He was awarded the
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Villa described his use of commas after every word as similar to "
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by American writer Conrad Aiken, wherein he was also awarded a
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1321:. A/P/A Studies Program & Institute at NYU. Archived from
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World Poetry: An Anthology of Verse from Antiquity to Our Time
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988:. He was also bestowed an Academy Award for Literature from
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Villa was considered as a powerful literary influence in the
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Several reprints of Villa's past works were done, including
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The Doveglion Book of Philippine Poetry in English from 1910
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National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Philippines.
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The Anchored Angel: Select Writings by José Garcia Villa
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Philippine Short Stories: Best 25 Short Stories of 1928
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Philippine Short Stories: Best 25 Short Stories of 1928
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Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and Others
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wrote, "and i am alive to see a man against the sky".
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Footnote to Youth: Tales of the Philippines and Others
1433:"José Garcia Villa's take on Phil. poetry in English"
1275:"About José Garcia Villa | Academy of American Poets"
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magazine supplement, which the administrators in the
1597:'I Revolve a Skull that Knows: On José García Villa'
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1103:, Manila: Ateneo de Manila University Press. 2002.
1004:He was one of three Filipinos, along with novelist
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2812:PEN Oakland/Josephine Miles Literary Award winners
572:). Three years later, he released a follow-up for
2620:1967: United Poets Laureate International (UPLI)
1101:The Critical Villa: Essays in Literary Criticism
148: and the surname or paternal family name is
1113:(J. E. Cowen, Ed. & L. H. Francia, Intro.)
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617:The Anchored Angel: Selected Writings by Villa
2807:English-language writers from the Philippines
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1135:List of Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees
634:) which is basically a blank sheet of paper.
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2261:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
1176:National Commission for Culture and the Arts
1075:A.S. Florentino: National Book Store, 1973,
828:that she experienced "a shock" upon reading
560:in 1941. Other collections of poems include
301:Order of National Artists of the Philippines
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1502:The American Academy of Arts and Letters.
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556:, his first collection poems, followed by
349:(August 5, 1908 – February 7, 1997) was a
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1431:FilipinoWriter.com (September 22, 2005).
1055:only owns two of his poetry collections,
978:Guggenheim Fellowship in Creative Writing
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1656:Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas
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990:The American Academy of Arts and Letters
552:in 1933; while in 1939, Villa published
2797:Filipino emigrants to the United States
1452:The New York Times (February 8, 1997).
1345:"Villa, José Garcia | Encyclopedia.com"
1145:
626:, an example of his "comma poems", and
492:John's Cemetery in New York, wearing a
1528:Nomination archive – Jose Garcia Villa
1454:"Obituary notice of José Garcia Villa"
1047:. Though nominated for the prize, the
894:(The Philippine Writers' League, 1941)
2308:Filipino Nobel laureates and nominees
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1216:
1214:
1172:"National Artist - Jose Garcia Villa"
1087:The Anchored Angel: Selected Writings
926:Appassionata: Poems in Praise of Love
609:Appassionata: Poems in Praise of Love
7:
2802:American writers of Filipino descent
2782:University of the Philippines alumni
539:As an editor, Villa first published
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2767:National Artists of the Philippines
1647:National Artists of the Philippines
1570:"Svenska Akademiens Nobelbibliotek"
1373:ANCHORED ANGEL by José Garcia Villa
1369:Jean Vengua Gier (September 2001).
997:doctorate degree for literature by
850:Best American Short Stories of 1932
824:revealed in the preface of Villa's
531:Luisa Cohen, and Maria Villanueva.
314:UP Golden Jubilee Literary Contests
2266:Cultural Center of the Philippines
1045:Art Association of the Philippines
733:Taken out of the little container,
729:Stillness. Like a plant that is to
358:National Artist of the Philippines
25:
1039:, he was nominated once again by
861:New Writings from the Philippines
2508:
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1709:
1117:London: Penguin Classics. 2008.
900:(Viking Press, 1942); finalist,
820:and plunges deep". British poet
624:When I Was No Bigger Than A Huge
331:
295:
165:
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1225:"Jose Garcia Villa (1908-1997)"
965:A Celebration for Edith Sitwell
941:(Charles Scribner's Sons, 1933)
500:New York Centennial Celebration
422:, a series of erotic poems, in
45:needs additional citations for
1029:1971 Nobel Prize in Literature
954:(Philippines Free Press, 1929)
848:—who dedicated his collection
646:'s architectonic and measured
372:, which made him known as the
1:
888:(Philippine Book Guild, 1939)
714:Carried. A stillness in which
705:Was conscious of one while it
703:Stand. Now it carried one and
428:University of the Philippines
1273:Poets, Academy of American.
1504:"Academy Awards recipients"
1194:"Jose Garcia Villa profile"
1115:Doveglion: Collected Poems.
840:." In his introduction to
658:In, my, undream, of, death,
311:YFC Fellowship/ Campus kuya
308:LNNCHS Award for Literature
2833:
2787:People from Malate, Manila
1313:Doveglion: Collected Poems
1063:, used for deliberations.
916:(McDowell Obolensky, 1958)
727:Stillness of that greatest
671:Since, nobody, had, dared,
622:His popular poems include
568:(1949; the year he edited
510:Doveglion: Collected Poems
470:run; or rain, green, reign
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1089:. New York: Kaya. 1999.
1027:He was nominated for the
902:Pulitzer Prize for Poetry
701:A life on which one could
455:After the publication of
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922:(A. S. Florentino, 1962)
741:While Villa agreed with
628:The Emperor's New Sonnet
613:A Parliament of Giraffes
506:Jefferson Market Library
376:. He used the pen name
279:The Emperor's New Sonnet
2236:Federico Aguilar Alcuaz
2129:Amelia Lapeña-Bonifacio
1789:Film and Broadcast Arts
1689:Ildefonso P. Santos Jr.
1574:lib.nobelbiblioteket.se
743:William Carlos Williams
731:Become a tree, so was I
582:Selected Poems and New,
580:In 1958 he brought out
546:Philippine Love Stories
2817:The Philippines Herald
2034:Felipe Padilla de León
1297:pinoylit.webmanila.com
1057:Selected Poems and New
999:Far Eastern University
967:(New Directions, 1948)
928:(King and Cowen, 1979)
914:Selected Poems and New
910:(New Directions, 1949)
826:Selected Poems and New
803:Selected Poems and New
739:
737:Carefully, while earth
725:Had become identical -
679:
673:With, my, own, breath,
669:I, unspoke, the, Word.
600:, which was edited by
594:proletarian literature
434:Philippines Free Press
424:The Philippines Herald
2693:Victoria Tauli-Corpuz
2099:Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero
2076:Fides Cuyugan-Asensio
2010:Antonino Buenaventura
1866:Historical Literature
1780:Salvacion Lim Higgins
1601:Cordite Poetry Review
801:wrote in reaction to
338:Literature portal
305:Tubod National Artist
2736:1929: Otto Schöbl /
2525:by first nominations
1797:Lamberto V. Avellana
1349:www.encyclopedia.com
1041:Purita Kalaw Ledesma
986:Bollingen Foundation
976:Villa was granted a
677:I, broke, the, cord!
598:Charlie Chan Is Dead
578:The Essential Villa.
508:. For the launch of
54:improve this article
2792:Writers from Manila
2206:J. Navarro Elizalde
2164:Guillermo Tolentino
2064:Francisco Feliciano
2046:Ernani Joson Cuenco
1939:Virgilio S. Almario
1915:Francisco Arcellana
1727:Francisca R. Aquino
1695:José María Zaragoza
1548:svenskaakademien.se
1541:"Nobelarkivet-1973"
1412:"José García Villa"
1254:"Jose Garcia Villa"
866:The American Genius
722:Reality and miracle
519:Leonard Lopate Show
450:Columbia University
69:"José García Villa"
2194:Hernando R. Ocampo
1963:Cirilo F. Bautista
1951:Bienvenido Lumbera
1891:Amado V. Hernandez
1851:Marilou Diaz-Abaya
1458:The New York Times
1325:on 16 January 2014
1319:NYU-APAStudies.org
1223:Alindahaw Poetry.
898:Have Come, Am Here
892:Poems by Doveglion
880:Poetry collections
844:, American writer
830:Have Come, Am Here
817:Have Come, Am Here
790:The New York Times
760:Critical reception
697:And then suddenly,
689:Rainer Maria Rilke
632:Have Come, Am Here
586:Have Come, Am Here
574:The Portable Villa
562:Have Come, Am Here
558:Poems by Doveglion
461:Have Come, Am Here
275:The Anchored Angel
194:Philippine Islands
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2152:Fernando Amorsolo
2052:Andrea Veneracion
1921:N. V. M. Gonzalez
1897:José Garcia Villa
1609:Footnote to Youth
1085:(E. Tabios, Ed.)
1043:, founder of the
972:Awards and honors
846:Edward J. O'Brien
842:Footnote to Youth
785:Footnote to Youth
777:Salvador P. López
685:was adapted from
457:Footnote to Youth
347:José García Villa
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283:Footnote to Youth
257:Literary movement
159:José García Villa
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2117:Severino Montano
2093:Atang de la Rama
2016:Lucrecia Kasilag
1975:Resil B. Mojares
1957:Lazaro Francisco
1909:Carlos P. Romulo
1827:Fernando Poe Jr.
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1227:. Archived from
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1206:
1205:
1196:. Archived from
1189:
1180:
1179:
1168:
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1161:
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1067:Works in English
838:post-colonialism
812:The New Republic
602:Jessica Hagedorn
336:
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317:Pro Patria Award
299:
206:
203:February 7, 1997
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2675:1000Peace Women
2649:Antonio Fortich
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2176:Victorio Edades
2170:Napoleon Abueva
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2080:
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1985:
1945:Alejandro Roces
1878:
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1803:Gerardo de León
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1591:Further reading
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1099:(J. Chua, Ed.)
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1053:Swedish Academy
1033:Alejandro Roces
1008:and translator
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807:Babette Deutsch
783:In a review to
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394:E. E. Cummings
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2200:Arturo R. Luz
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2188:Cesar Legaspi
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2105:Rolando Tinio
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2070:Ryan Cayabyab
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1510:on 2007-10-09
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1479:"Synopsis of
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1381:on 2008-03-05
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1371:"A review on
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65:Find sources:
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43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
27:Filipino Poet
19:
2714:
2592:
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2248:Larry Alcala
2218:José T. Joya
2058:Ramon Santos
2028:Levi Celerio
1927:Edith Tiempo
1903:Nick Joaquin
1833:Manuel Conde
1821:Eddie Romero
1774:Ramón Valera
1757:Agnes Locsin
1745:Ramon Obusan
1733:Leonor Orosa
1663:Architecture
1655:
1611:on Lit React
1608:
1607:Analysis of
1600:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1550:. April 2020
1547:
1535:
1523:
1512:. Retrieved
1508:the original
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1486:. Retrieved
1480:
1472:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:
1447:
1436:. Retrieved
1426:
1415:. Retrieved
1383:. Retrieved
1379:the original
1372:
1348:
1339:
1327:. Retrieved
1323:the original
1318:
1312:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1268:
1257:. Retrieved
1233:. Retrieved
1229:the original
1202:. Retrieved
1198:the original
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1148:
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1010:Nick Joaquin
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875:Publications
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747:Walt Whitman
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516:. Then, the
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2777:1997 deaths
2772:1908 births
2687:Maria Ressa
2665:Shay Cullen
2659:Nur Misuari
2587:Amado Yuzon
2468:Expatriates
2406:Maria Ressa
2144:Visual Arts
2135:Tony Mabesa
2040:José Maceda
1981:Gémino Abad
1857:Ricardo Lee
1809:Lino Brocka
1751:Alice Reyes
1671:Juan Nakpil
1554:11 November
1252:Pinoy Lit.
946:Anthologies
886:Many Voices
766:Philippines
687:Letters of
648:pointillism
630:(a part of
564:(1942) and
554:Many Voices
142:family name
138:middle name
2761:Categories
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2442:Physiology
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1514:2008-02-26
1488:2008-02-26
1463:2008-02-26
1438:2008-02-26
1417:2008-02-26
1385:2008-02-26
1259:2008-02-25
1235:2008-02-25
1204:2008-02-25
1141:References
1006:José Rizal
908:Volume Two
836:and early
691:, volume 1
590:Volume Two
566:Volume Two
514:Tina Chang
477:Volume Two
439:Mir-I-Nisa
405:Early life
374:Comma Poet
265:Surrealism
229:Occupation
183:1908-08-05
80:newspapers
2555:Economics
2533:Chemistry
2477:Chemistry
2352:Economics
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2315:Laureates
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920:Poems 55
772:Asiaweek
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190:Manila
146:García
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2246:2018
2240:2014
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2180:1981
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2133:2022
2127:2018
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2074:2022
2068:2018
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2020:1991
2014:1988
2008:1988
2002:1976
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1990:Music
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1973:2018
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1801:1982
1795:1976
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1772:2006
1755:2022
1749:2014
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1737:1988
1731:1976
1725:1973
1719:Dance
1699:2018
1693:2014
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1681:1990
1675:1976
1669:1973
1544:(PDF)
1022:Egypt
1018:Sumer
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150:Villa
101:JSTOR
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2564:none
2541:none
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1603:2014
1581:2024
1556:2020
1331:2014
1119:ISBN
1105:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1077:OCLC
1059:and
1037:1973
1020:and
683:#205
652:#114
588:and
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432:The
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382:Dove
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