José María de Orbe y Gaytán

714: 628:, an alliance focused on re-introduction of separate legal Gipuzkoan establishments. Candido de Orbe became vice-president and later also president of the body. Valde-Espina adhered to the initiative as an official Carlist representative; he co-signed its manifesto, entered its Managing Council and engaged in engineering a common electoral campaign. However, the Carlist executive grew suspicious of apparent Integrist domination in the alliance and Valde-Espina was made to resign from the executive; he remained in Liga as its rank and file activist representing himself only and declared that "every good vascongado" should keep supporting it. The issue gave rise to speculations about "decomposición del carlismo oficial" in Gipuzkoa, but they proved exaggerated. Valde-Espina remained active in the Liga until 1906, when it disintegrated. 660:, Liberal regulations promoted by the Canalejas government and advancing tough policy versus the Church. Valde-Espina represented the Carlists in a number of organizations set up to block the legislation, like Junta del País Vasconavarro, Junta de Defensa Católica de Vizcaya and others. Due to more aggressive stand in the public realm he had to suffer admin measures against himself too; following his press statement, deemed incompatible with the rules of public order, in 1910 he was suspended as alcalde of Astigarraga, the job he held since the early 1900. The same year his activity got attention of the Cortes, which demanded explanation about propaganda initiatives featuring the new Carlist king, 606:; on the other hand, invariably he remained on excellent terms with the claimant and on good ones with the Gipuzkoan provincial leader Olazábal. Actually it seems that at that time his focus shifted away from Biscay to Gipuzkoa, as he lived mostly in Astigarraga (becoming its alcalde) and the Ermua palace stayed empty. Also historians suggest that his role, typical for many Carlist aristocratic leaders in the Vascongadas and consisting of mobilizing rural masses for the cause, territorially was applicable mostly to Gipuzkoa and only to a far lesser extent to Biscay, where Carlist influence was already shrinking dramatically. 729:

Basque question and the problem of legal standing of the Vascongadas. Already in 1917 he took part in a so-called Asamblea de Victoria, a gathering of provincial deputies from the region which voiced demands for "a broad autonomy". With colleagues from other Vasco-Navarrese deputations he probably voiced to the same end when in 1918 meeting Alfonso XIII or sending telegrams to Madrid. Some of his statements seem confusing; also in 1918 he abandoned the regional platform and declared that Gipuzkoa expected the same level of self-government as that considered for Catalonia. Officially sponsoring the launch of

389: 673: 510: 458:, throughout 1877 his public activity reduced to sending letters of adhesion to various Traditionalist initiatives. It is not clear when he returned to Spain; his first child was born in 1879 already in Ermua. His father is reported as settling back in 1880, immediately assuming key position of Carlist "advanced sentry" in the Vascongadas. As Orbe was hardly known for anything else than his wartime deeds, prestigious parentage and newspaper-published letters, he was banking on popularity of his father when running in local elections to the 135: 566:

political activities were reduced to attending party meetings, signing public letters, fathering official statements, occasionally speaking at local gatherings and presiding over formal banquets; though not standing in elections, he contributed to Carlist electoral efforts organisationwise. At that time he seemed involved in both Biscay and Gipuzkoan issues, though possibly tilted towards the former; in the mid-1890s he was reported as mounting various alliances to provincial disputation, especially in the Marquina district.

590: 785: 649: 543: 743: 765:– stand, very much advocated also by de Mella. When the conflict between the party pundit and the claimant exploded in early 1919 the Gipuzkoan jefé initially adopted an ambiguous position, but in the spring he was already widely suspected of defecting to the breakaway Mellsta camp. Indeed, after 85 years of loyalty of 3 generations of Valde-Espinas to legitimist claimants, José María left the orthodox Jaimista ranks and joined the rebels. 441: 229: 4142: 281: 31: 700:, referred to as "veterano marqués" or "illustrious patrician", honored with occasional homages and pictured as profoundly moved when recollecting wartime service to Don Carlos 40 years before. His Astigarraga mansion turned into an iconic Carlist site, hosting gatherings and distinguished guests. As internal controversy between the key party theorist 474:, in 1886 Orbe was again asked to become emergency candidate to diputación, this time from Guernica. Following apparently successful campaign, he was again ruled out. The year of 1887 was dedicated mostly to accompanying Carlos VII during his another voyage to America; exact details are not clear and it is not known whether Orbe was with his king in 692:. His term was not marked by particular controversy, perhaps except a conflict related to a newly constructed railway line, deemed pursuant to Navarrese and Álavese interests at the expense of the Gipuzkoan ones; he is recorded as engaged mostly in standard admin duties, though also aiming at possible independence of provincial education faculties. 615: 769:

some moderate backing, enjoyed by the breakaways among the rural Gipzukoan population, hardly resulting from his personal influence. Assigned a largely theoretical post of provincial jefe in the emerging party ranks he engaged in preparations to the grand assembly, supposed to launch a new organization nationwide. It materialized in 1922 in

4042:

population; the rest voted pro or abstained); in Alava there were 11 (14% representing 3% of population ); in Gipuzkoa there were 2 (2% representing 2% of population); in Biscay there was 1 (1% representing 0.2% of population): Ermua. Astigarraga voted in favor. Full list of all municipalities and their votes in Víctor Manuel Arbeloa,

470:

abandoned. Similarly, in 1886 he was supposed to assume leadership of the Marquina district, again to no avail. At that time his father, who formally emerged as the Carlist leader for the entire Vascongadas, was still struggling to re-build appropriate organization; in wake of petty conflicts in its Biscay branch, controlled by

420:. Promoted to comandante and decorated again in the summer of 1875 he accompanied Carlos VII during Jura de Los Fueros in Guernica. From that moment Orbe stayed within his personal escort and is not noted as engaged in frontline combat. Accompanying the claimant to the French frontier, in February 1876 he was promoted to 2276:. It is not clear how much wealth he inherited; none of the sources consulted provides quantitative data. It is known that in 1933, the year of his death, the largest landholder in the Orbe family was the daughter of his brother Candido, who possessed 7 ha, Luisa Utanda Moreno, Francisco Feo Parrondo, 2217:

the then provincial jefe, Roman de Zubiaga, informed Orbe that the party leader expected report and data on buildup of local party structures. Apparently cornered, Zubiaga suggested that Orbe first writes to selected local Carlist activists nominating them county jefes, and than that he reports these

768:

Due to own position and prestige of his family Valde-Espina was among the most notable personalities among the Mellistas, though probably due to his age he was not particularly active in buildup of the new party. Times when the family name mobilized popular support were long gone; historians consider

2258:

in the late 1880s Ermua counted 747 inhabitants and served mostly as a local arms manufacturing centre; there were 128 gunsmiths among the population, Azcona 2003, p. 31. José María's father served as alcalde for 9 years. As the new mayor José María seemed pretty active, e.g. asking for governmental

2207:

jointly with his father and brother; " está distribuida en varios legajos, muchos con cartas fechadas tanto en Ermua como en Aspigarraga y escritas por los distintos marqueses de Valde-Espina, el abuelo, el padre o el hijo y firmadas como Pepe, Pepe Orbe, José María, Nepomuceno, Gustavo o José María

1460:

there were some unspecified political differences between him and the Carlist king Alfonso Carlos in the 1930s, compare his personal letter of 1941: "si ideales políticos nos separaron en vida, ante la muerte no es de Carlistas guardar rencores. Que si él, desde el destierro tuvo un sentido recuerdo

1151:

he joined the insurgency in 1872 and commanded at Manaría, retreating back to France; in 1873 he led Carlist troops in Gipuzkoa, commandind during the battles of Marquina, Echevarría, Guernica, Solluve, Oñate, Azcárate, Peñacerrada, Las Campanas, Estella, Allo, Dicastillo, Vianá, Montejurra, Bilbao,

3459:

a Liberal counter-candidate Serapio Zaragueta trashed Valde-Espina in the urban sub-district of Irun (1160 votes v. 467) while Valde-Espina clearly dominated in rural sub-districts (3371 v. 1800), though even in these he lost in Pasajes and Rentería, triumphant in Fuenterrabia, Oyarzún, Hernani and

224:

Carlists already an iconic figure. He married Casilda Gaytan de Ayala y Areizaga (1824-1881), descendant to another Gipuzkoan aristocratic dynasty. The couple shared their time between family residences in Ermua and Astigarraga; they had a pair of children, José María born as the older of two sons.

1231:

the Gaytans originated from Toledo, but one of its branches settled in Gipuzkoa in the 17th century. She was the daughter of 9. Conde de Villafranca, 7, Marqués de Tola, 10. Conde de Sacro Romano Impero José María Gaytan de Ayala (1775-1837), her father was a native of Mondragon, her mother, María

644:

from the party. Still in 1910 he participated financially in Sociedad Española de Edificaciones y Publicidad and entered its Consejo de Administración. The freshly set up publishing house was to support Carlist and allied periodicals and publications; he remained in the council for years to come.

3675:

the gathering was intended as gear-up to another right-wing electoral alliance; its resolution demanded respect for Catholic rights, re-establishment of fueros, neutrality in the Great War and more attention to social and economic issues; the list of signatories included well-known Traditionalist

1427:

Maria Teresa (born 1879), María de la Concepción (1882), María de la Luz (1885), María del Pilar (1887), José María (1889), Ignacio (1890) and Jaime (1894). The heir was the oldest surviving son, Ignacio de Loyola, Ramón, Julio, Román, José, Juan Nepomuceno de Orbe y Vives de Cañamas, 6th marques

816:. Having caught a cold during funeral of his younger son in February 1933, he spent the last 4 months of his life in bed. At the moment of his death Astigarraga mansion again enjoyed a status of an iconic Traditionalist site; also Ermua was one of few municipios in Biscay which kept resisting the 631:

Despite a controversial issue of his Liga membership, Valde-Espina's career in the party picked up the pace; in 1907 he succeeded own brother as leader of the Carlist structures in San Sebastián, in 1908 he replaced Tirso Olazábal as jefé in Gipuzkoa and in 1909 as provincial leader by default he

577:

branch and was heavily involved in mounting a provincial electoral alliance with the Integrists, the one which ended a decade of virulent hostility and commenced rapprochement between two branches of Traditionalism nationwide. Valde-Espina himself remained somewhat in the back row; in 1898 he was

728:

In 1917 Valde-Espina again presented himself for the Gipuzkoan diputación and narrowly he emerged successful from Irun. Re-elected two years later, he remained in the self-government until 1922, periodically – e.g. in 1918, or 1919 holding the presidency. His second term is marked mostly by the

565:

made regional Vascongadas leader, the new marqués de Valde-Espina became somewhat detached from great party politics. As his Biscay Diputación Provincial term expired he did not hold public assignments either, though it is not clear when he ceased as alcalde of Ermua. In the 1892-1895 period his

529:

continued to work towards recovery of loyalist structures; within its ranks he rose to jefe of the Marquina district, though its organization remained largely on paper. His third attempt to run for the provincial self-government proved successful; elected from Guernica, in 1889-1890 he served as

469:

At the time Carlist structures in Vascongadas were in disarray; reconstruction proceeded with visible difficulty. Due to lack of recognized personalities and scarce interest of the others, in 1884 Orbe was considered a candidate to head the entire Biscay organization, but the plan was eventually

3421:

e.g. 1912 welcoming the Portuguese Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimarães, when the mansion served also as secret magazine of armaments, intended for Portuguese legitmist insurgents. The infanta was accompanied, among others, by a 23-year-old prince Xavier, who as the Carlist king would visit

1461:

ante los restos mortales de mi querido padre, justo y de caballeros es, er que yo como hijo y como el último de los soldados de la Comunión Tradicionalista, me incline respetuoso ante su cadáver y por tu mediación envíe mi más sentido pésame a su Augusta y atribulada familia", Manuel Santa Cruz

524:

and supporters of the claimant. The Orbe family clearly sided with the latter; when Circulo Católico Vascongado, a network serving as Biscay Carlist front organization, was increasingly taken over by the Nocedalistas, their opponents launched a competitive Sociedad Tradicionalista. In 1887 Orbe

288:

Given the Carlist record of his paternal grandfather and (until the 1860s) of his father, José María seemed poised to follow suit and to adhere to the legitimist cause. Together with his parent and his younger brother in 1868 he moved to France to mount another insurgency. As part of the job he

683:

In 1911 Valde-Espina renewed his bid for the provincial self-government, though this time for Diputación Provincial de Guipúscoa. Running from the district of Irun he was successful and later the same year he assumed presidency of the entire body. Progressist and democratic press agonized that

268:, was moderately active in the Carlist realm and grew to member of the Vascongadas party executive in the 1960s. Perhaps the best known of José María's descendants is his great-grandson and the 7th marqués, José María de Orbe y Klingenberg, a filmmaker; most of his movies, usually set in the 4041:

during the 1932 consultations on a draft version of Vasco-Navarrese autonomy statute, increasingly formatted along the nationalist, not Traditionalist fuerista lines, in Navarre there were 124 municipios which voted against (48% of all Navarrese municipios, representing 53% of all Navarrese

933:, archbishop of Valencia, in 1736; he arranged for its ceding to his nephew, Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 373. There are two different spelling versions of the title widely in circulation, "Valde-Espina" and "Valdespina", and there is little integrity even in family-ordered obituaries, compare 752:

Valde-Espina knew Vázquez de Mella at least since the early 1900s and used to meet him during various official party meetings, but was not known for particular sympathy towards the key party theorist. However, proclivity for conservative alliances might have made him closer to the

1481:, Paris 1976, p. 23. In 1964 a certain "comandante José María Orbe" – most likely the son of Ignacio - protested against an order from the Gipuzkoan military commander, who prohibited officers from participating in Montejurra gatherings, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, 3746:

in 1917 a German submarine sank 4 San-Sebastián-based fishing boats on the Bay of Biscay, leaving 4 fishermen dead. The incident led to creation of Liga Antigermanofila, to which Tirso Olazábal and Valde-Espina responded by setting up Liga Neutralista, Pedro Barruso Barés,

733:

and contributing to its works, he firmly opposed nationalist Basque political ambitions. Also within the Carlist realm as Gipuzkoan jefé he contributed to initiatives advancing regionalist claims, though the term "autonomy" was cautiously accepted only in quotation marks.

803:

appeal for launching consultations on Basque autonomy; the same year he sort of reconciled with the Carlists, recorded in August as present at opening of Círculo Jaimista in San Sebastián. In 1931-1932 he fully reintegrated within the united Carlist organization,

1261:

Astigarraga, 1912. Maria del Dolores de Orbe wed Ignacio de Sabater y Gaytan de Ayala. During the Spanish Civil War he commanded a Carlist requeté tercio of San Ignacio and having been wounded died in San Sebastian hospital in April 1937, see his death notice

3506:

exact date of Valde-Espina leaving the diputación is not clear, he is last mentioned as member in 1922. A monographic work dealing with the Gipzukoan and Biscay diputaciones of the period states merely that he was replaced as president by a fellow Carlist

2853:

Candido de Orbe remained active in politics until the early 1910; afterwards there is scarce information on his activities, apart that he was engaged in a number of industrial enterprises in Gipuzkoa. He remained active as a vascofilo, see his letter to

1510:

38 (2012), p. 1125. The younger brother of Ignacio, Jaime (1894-1933), was a Carlist as well; his son, Ignacio de Orbe Tuero (1926-2006), sided with another Carlist branch, the Sivattistas, as in 1959 he was reported as joining RENACE, César Alcalá,

1446:

Ignacio de Orbe y Vives de Cañamás (1890-1969) is seldom mentioned in any of the works dealing with Carlism either during the Republic or during Francoism. For his 1938 account of accompanying Don Javier in Vascongasas compare Ignacio Orbe y Vives,

4261: 3767:

on February 19, 1919 Valde-Espina as Gipuzkoan provincial jefé took part in a Madrid meeting of Jaimista tycoons, which declared Junta Central dissolved "como delegado de Don Jaime" and called for cohesion between MPs and local leaders,

454:. Carlos VII apparently enjoyed his company and wanted Orbe to join him on the voyage to America, but the adjutant asked for the permission to excuse himself; he planned to get married. Granted authorization he indeed wed and settled in 1469:, vol. 3, Madrid 1979, p. 14. In 1952 he hosted Francisca Maria de Borbón Parma at Astigarraga, Zavala, Fernández 2008, p. 53; in 1955 it was the then Carlist king, Don Javier, welcomed at the premises, Mercedes Vázquez de Prada Tiffe, 684:"caudillo de la guerra civil, el marqués de Valdespina, es presidente de la diputación de Guipuzcoa", the Carlist one enjoyed days of triumph, though the latter were probably less happy about Valde-Espina entertaining the usurper king 381:. In March he was assigned a prestigious task of handling the iconic Carlist war standard, La Generalísima, before it was adopted by personal squadron of the claimant. Soon afterwards Orbe took part in rout of enemy troops at 597:

In the early 1900s Valde-Espina kept limiting his activity to the Vascongadas and is not reported as engaged in great party politics nationwide. Unlike his father never particularly close to the deposed former Carlist leader

582:, but the news proved false. Nothing is known about his stance on Carlist preparations to another insurgency during 1898-1900, except that his house in Astigarraga was raided by the police and briefly occupied; following 695:

Though hardly engaged in nationwide party politics in the 1910s Valde-Espina was already a widely recognized personality within the Carlist realm, nominated honorary president of various bodies, also as far away as in

400:

to the Carlist capital of Estella. He designed the plan which involved travelling by train, by coach and accompanying camouflage activities, intended to deceive the French; it all worked out and in the summer via

2320:

it is not clear when; in 1891 he was still listed as diputado. It is neither clear whether he tried to renew the ticket, though none of the sources consulted mentioned him as running for re-election in the early

4256: 713: 1371:

some sources adhere to the "Caañamas" spelling; full name María los Dolores, Manuela, Petra, Josefa, Vicente, Luisa, Juan Ana Vives de Cañamas y Fernández Villamil, Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 381, see also

1098:

first at Azpeitia then during the siege of Bilbao; he fought also at Puente-la-Reina; Los Arcos, Puente de Arquijas, Larrainzar, Echarri-Aranaz, Abárzuza, Montejurra, Arlaban, and Ondárroa, Brea 1912, p.

312:

In early 1873 Orbe entered Spain for the third time, assigned to units commanded by his father which having conquered southern Gipuzkoa advanced towards Biscay. On March 3 he took part in engagements at

219:

he was Jefe de Estado Mayor del Ejército del Norte, held admin positions and commanded in line, including personally leading cavalry charges. Following brief exile in France he returned to Spain, among

777:

with Valde-Espina nominated president of its national executive committee. Indeed, in late 1922 he used to sign documents issued by the party and was noted as active in its ranks in early 1923. The

1502:

in 1962 Ignacio Orbe, referred to as one of "elementos más caracterizados del carlismo guipuzcoano", was appointed by Don Javier to the Vascongadas Junta Regional, Mercedes Vázquez de Prada Tiffe,

781:

coup brought political life to a standstill by banning all parties; the year marks final political retirement of Valde-Espina, who after that date was hardly recorded as politically active.

530:

member of Diputación Provincial de Vizcaya, finally acquiring a recognized political standing. His emergence from the shadow of own father was confirmed when in 1891 he succeeded him as

2591:

e.g. in 1901 in a rather frank letter to Valde-Espina, Tirso Olazábal openly lambasted propaganda journeys of de Cerralbo as useless if not counter-productive, Real Cuesta 1985, p. 139

664:. In line with the family tradition, at that time he was also introducing a new Orbe generation into Carlist politics, as his oldest son Ignacio started to appear on various meetings. 553:

When assisting his father in the 1880s Orbe remained in touch with issues of Carlist politics be it on the regional Vascongadas level or even nationwide; this changed since 1891. With

176:. An heir to the fortune, which in the early 19th century comprised 30 estates in Biscay and an unspecified number in Gipuzkoa, was the 3rd marqués and the grandfather of José María, 573:, assumed a more energetic role in politics; also active during Carlist feasts, he was recorded as giving official press statements explaining the party stand, grew to jefé of the 1263: 3040:. Regardless of Carlist duties he joined a number of business ventures on his own; in 1906 he was reported as member of Consejo de Administración of Ferrocaril de Elgobair, 3773: 795:

During the dictatorship in public Valde-Espina hardly embarked on anything else than charity. His last recorded political engagements are noted in the early 1930s. During

3676:

Gipuzkoan politicians, apart from Valde-Espina also Bilbao, Aramburu, conde de Arana and conde de Villafranca, though some well known names were missing, e.g. those of

3405:"El Marqués de Valde-Espina, su antiguo ayudante de órdenes, que no había estado en aquella casa desde el tiempo de la campaña, se hallaba profandamente emocionado", 704:

and the new king Don Jaime was getting increasingly visible he was trusted by the claimant, who demanded in vain that de Mella cedes ownership of the party mouthpiece,

272:

ambience, do not relate to ancestral records; the last one, however, is partially shot in the Astigarraga palace and contains veiled references to the family history.

632:

entered the national executive, Junta Central. His public presence became more visible, as he featured prominently during grand Carlist assemblies in Somorrostro and

3292:; construction of railway lines was constantly on the agenda of the Gipuzkoan self-government, with a number of controversial issues arising, see Carlos Larrinaga, 4306: 4015: 3985: 3333: 3119: 2953: 2945: 2876: 4030: 3977: 3909: 3894: 3851: 3700: 3564: 3495: 3465: 3394: 3289: 3061: 3053: 2621: 2492: 2477: 2359: 2247: 1837: 1347:

she inherited some of the Valencian property and brought it to the marriage; as late as in 1916 Valde-Espina travelled to Valencia to look after the business,

4301: 4271: 212: 3726:

Valde-Espina is only 2 times and rather casually mentioned in a monographic work dealing with the Mellista phenomenon, see Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín,

918: 4291: 4155: 2165: 688:

either when in the province or in Madrid. He remained head of the provincial government in 1911, 1912 and 1915, when he failed to get re-elected from

812:

conspiracy, in 1932 he got his Astigarraga estate raided by the police again. He was last noted as taking part in Carlist gathering in July 1932 in

221: 2089:

the original Biscay delegado Juan E. Orúe resigned in 1882; his replacement, Pedro M. Piñera, demonstrated scarce interest; Real Cuesta 1985, p. 48

1934:

his father was nominated Jefe of Junta Central, provisional executive body, by historians usually deemed highly ineffective, Jordi Canal i Morell,

1131: 4311: 4286: 4173: 2713: 3677: 867:

full name José María Juan Nepomuceno Ramón Leandro Andrés Martín de Aguirre de Orbe y Gaytán de Ayala, see Antonio Gaytán de Ayala Artázcoz,

583: 1401: 301:

he joined insurgency in Gipuzkoa; his first engagement was on May 14, when Carlist units were already in retreat, during the skirmishes at

4276: 4231: 1449:

Diario de mis viajes por España con S. M. el emperador Otto de Austria y S. A. R. el Príncipe Regente, Don Francisco Javier Borbón Parma

957:, though "Valdespina" exists in official realm as well, e.g. as part of a street name in Ermua, compare "calle de marqués Valdespina", 264:(1814-1883). The couple had 7 children, born between 1879 and 1894; none of them became a public figure. The heir and the 6th marqués, 240:

Tivoli college in Bordeaux. He spend there at least few years; due to unspecified family reasons he moved to an unidentified school in

4051: 796: 408:

made it to Estella. During the fall of 1874 he was assigned to combat operations in Gipuzkoa, mostly boiling down to failed sieges of

1043:, Barcelona 1912, p. 104; he served also as ministro del Consejo General de Negocios del Reino, Agirreazkuenaga, Urquijo 1995, p. 363 4135: 4121: 4089: 3516: 3301: 2673: 2650: 1951: 1490: 1462: 1381: 1219: 1183: 991: 534:

of Ermua; finally, following death of already iconic parent, José María was confirmed as the 5th marqués de Valde-Espina in 1892.

4296: 4266: 3547: 1523:, pp. 118, 150; in the 1980s he joined the executive of Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista, compare José Fermín Garralda Arizcun, 1078: 4181: 2073:

he remained on excellent terms with the claimant; in 1883 together with his father Orbe travelled to Venice to see Carlos VII,

930: 388: 982:

15 estates in Ermua, 15 in neighboring locations, mostly Mallabia and Zaldibar, Joseba Agirreazkuenaga, Mikel Urquijo (eds.),

774: 554: 353:

of the claimant, during the summer Orbe took part in operations which ensured Carlist takeover of central Navarre, engaged at

4075: 3735: 1897: 1520: 115: 2011:

though not assuming any particular position in formal structures, as there were barely any existing, Real Cuesta 1985, p. 47

849: 640:

made him apply harsh measures against those who went off limits in terms of electoral alliances, resulting in expulsion of

444: 204: 2661: 844: 177: 138: 4281: 4251: 4246: 672: 599: 405: 189: 4241: 946: 938: 618: 570: 509: 805: 265: 3257:; some sources claim that he formed part of diputación until 1913, see Gonzalez de Txabarri Miranda 2006, available 459: 3800: 2575:; in September 1900 he was issuing public statements explaining the position of Carlos VII, Don Jaime and Melgar, 3799:

Fernández Escudero 2012, p. 514. The role of the Jaimista political leader in Gipuzkoa was informally assumed by

2855: 2567:

e.g. in 1902, upon death of his daughter, Valde-Espina received a personal consolation letter from the claimant,

641: 330: 1587:. The film was received coldly, often considered a formalistic experiment , compare an assortment of reviews at 1531:, and in the 1990s and early 21st century ran on CTC ticket in elections either to European Parliament, compare 1412: 4114:

Diputaciones Provinciales e Infraestructuras en el País Vasco durante el primer tercio del siglo XX (1900-1936)

3634: 3294:

Diputaciones Provinciales e Infraestructuras en el País Vasco durante el primer tercio del siglo XX (1900-1936)

2859: 2616:

in 1903 he put his Ermua palace at disposal of any religious congregation which might be expulsed from France,

1536: 800: 730: 717: 165: 134: 3508: 1194: 701: 562: 3258: 2862:. In 1933 he was recorded as active in provincial industry, see Utanda Moreno, Feo Parrondo 1995, pp. 113-135 161: 2973: 809: 636:. Though he had always been inclined towards conciliatory stand versus the Integrists, the new party leader 625: 603: 558: 396:

Promoted to capitán and decorated, in the spring of 1874 Orbe was to organize the journey of his queen from

149:

José María was descendant to a Basque aristocratic lineage. The Orbes originated from a Gipuzkoan hamlet of

1061:

he was the second son and the third child; his older brother died in infancy, Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 378

834: 813: 778: 521: 342: 172:

dynasty; the latter multiplied family wealth by estates in eastern Gipuzkoa, centred around a mansion of

1630: 746: 661: 169: 1117:

in 1860 promoted to coronel for taking part in conspiracy of San Carlos de la Rápita, Brea 1912, p. 104

207:(1819-1891), during the First Carlist War fought under command of his father and was twice wounded. In 3045: 1232:

Casilda de Areizaga y Zuloaga, was a native of Tolosa, compare Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 379, see also

1108:

in 1848 promoted to teniente coronel for taking part in conspiracy of General Alzáa, Brea 1912, p. 104

471: 4321: 4316: 3649: 3630: 4000: 3949: 3925: 3866: 3788: 3715: 3685: 3664: 3618: 3603: 3588: 3532: 3480: 3431: 3410: 3378: 3363: 3348: 3317: 3274: 3234: 3219: 3204: 3189: 3174: 3150: 3135: 3104: 3076: 3056:; in 1921 he was in consejo de administracion of Cantabria y Royalta S.A., a biscuits manufacturer, 3037: 3004: 2989: 2981: 2969: 2930: 2915: 2900: 2842: 2814: 2799: 2783: 2767: 2752: 2737: 2580: 2572: 2547: 2532: 2516: 2461: 2436: 2420: 2404: 2388: 2343: 2335: 2273: 2231: 2153: 2138: 2078: 2062: 2047: 2039: 2024: 1982: 1967: 1944:

El carlisme català dins l’Espanya de la Restauració: un assaig de modernització politica (1888–1900)

1352: 181: 326: 160:. The family rose to prestige in the mid-18th century, following completion of a palace, awarding 3821:

one scholar refers to the province as "el principal baluarte mellista', José Javier López Antón,

2242:

it is not clear whether Orbe commenced his term in 1888 or 1889; in 1889 he was already serving,

1241: 817: 637: 421: 382: 290: 208: 3756: 984:

Diccionario biográfico de los diputados generales, burócratas y patricios de Bizkaya (1800-1876)

706: 589: 261: 150: 4236: 4131: 4117: 4085: 4071: 4047: 3731: 3512: 3297: 2669: 2646: 1993:

see e.g. Agirreazkuenaga, Urquijo 1995, pp. 362 and passim, Fernández Escudero 2012, pp. 80-81

1947: 1893: 1516: 1486: 1404:. In some sources he is referred to as Conde de Faura, see Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 381, also 1360: 1215: 1179: 987: 784: 542: 526: 455: 309:

two days later Orbe's horse was hit twice, but he finally made it to France later that month.

216: 193: 154: 425: 3936:

there were 152 signatories, among them 31 Gipuzkoanos, Estornes Zubizareta 1990, pp. 212-213

1552: 962: 954: 762: 742: 633: 579: 574: 417: 257: 3812:

his is not a single time mentioned in respective chapter of Andrés Martín 2000, pp. 187-245

3032:

Valde-Espina remained in the council at least until the Mellista breakup in 1919-1920, see

2887:

Tirso Olazábal climbed the party ladder assuming jefatura for the entire Vascongadas region

1905: 648: 466:

in 1883. Apparently successful at the polls, he got his ticket cancelled on legal grounds.

4185: 4068:

Historia general de la villa de Ermua: del paleolítico al asesinato de Miguel Ángel Blanco

1504:

La reorganización del carlismo vasco en los sesenta: entre la pasividad y el "separatismo"

1416: 758: 463: 358: 228: 4103:

Parientes mayores de Guipúzcoa: señores del palacio casa-fuerte de Murguía en Astigarraga

2837:

he was invariably on excellent terms with Carlos VII, compare a letter received in 1908,

869:

Parientes mayores de Guipúzcoa: señores del palacio casa-fuerte de Murguía en Astigarraga

215:

he took part in subsequent conspiracy attempts, briefly serving as a senator. During the

4200: 1564: 1532: 1021:

and was dubbed "El Manchuelo de Ermua" afterwards, Agirreazkuenaga, Urquijo 1995, p. 362

440: 108:

José María de Orbe y Gaytán de Ayala, 5th Marquess of Valde-Espina, 1st Viscount of Orbe

2208:

del Orbe, o simplemente por el marqués de Valde-Espina", Fernández Escudero 2012, p. 66

657: 354: 314: 185: 4141: 3048:; in 1914 he was among co-founders of La Mutual Vascongada and grew to its president, 1807:

with Cruz de 1. clase del Mérito Militar, Medalla de Montejurra and Medalla de Vizcaya

1212:

La sociedad vasca del siglo XIX en la correspondencia del archivo de la Casa de Zavala

236:

Following his early homeschooling, some time in the late 1850s José María entered the

4225: 2605: 949:. The officially acknowledged version is "Valde-Espina", followed also here, compare 911:

Andrés Agustín de Orbe y Zarauz, 1. marqués de Valdespina e 1. vizconde de Santa Cruz

689: 432:

Orbe crossed the border bridge with the claimant and decided to join him into exile.

4178: 2098:

the post was eventually offered to Fausto Ibañez de Aldecoa, Real Cuesta 1985, p. 71

884:

now administrative part of Vergara (Gipuzkoa province), Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 374

773:, though hardly in format originally envisioned by de Mella; the gathering launched 2278:

Propiedad rústica en Guipúzcoa según el registro de la propiedad expropiable (1933)

1471:

El nuevo rumbo político del carlismo hacia la colaboración con el régimen (1955-56)

1318: 685: 503: 370: 280: 245: 30: 3444:

El caso Feliú y el dominio de Mella en el partido carlista en el período 1909–1912

1528: 4082:

Fueros y conciertos económicos. La Liga Foral Autonomista de Gipúzcoa (1904–1906)

2643:

Fueros y conciertos económicos. La Liga Foral Autonomista de Gipúzcoa (1904–1906)

1603:

who served also as his godfather, Brea 1912, p. 107, Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 380

1592: 656:

Around 1910 the Catholic public opinion was greatly agitated about the so-called

346: 2164:

according to one account when leaving Europe Carlos VII was accompanied only by

789: 397: 377:, in early 1874 he was transferred back to Biscay and took part in the siege of 173: 62: 1547:

he inherited the title not from his father, but from his paternal grandfather,

402: 373:. Successfully repelling governmental counter-offensive in early November near 4213: 4205: 4190: 1890:

Suplemento al elenco de grandezas y titulos nobiliarios españoles. Apendice II

1584: 1174:, Madrid 2012, pp. 80-81, see also numerous references in Javier Real Cuesta, 374: 302: 298: 142: 4164: 3254: 2694: 897: 366: 196:

he joined the legitimists and served as minister of war; he died on exile in

1709:

his brother Candido was nominated ayudante de campo, José María Roma (ed.),

624:

In 1904 a number of provincial politicians from centre-right parties set up

429: 269: 192:

cost him imprisonment and nearly execution. A general brigadier, during the

3426:, vol. 4, Madrid 1979, p. 197. In 1913 Valde-Espina hosted a papal nuncio, 3328:

he was very seldom noted beyond Vascongadas, for one of the exceptions see

337:

on May 5. The following phase consisted of commanding a column controlling

614: 338: 3922:

Anuario del comercio, industria, profesiones y tributación del País Vasco

839: 770: 754: 721: 677: 479: 413: 350: 322: 318: 306: 241: 197: 123: 122:

Valde-Espina dynasty. In the party ranks he rose to provincial leader in

4262:

Spanish military personnel of the Third Carlist War (Legitimist faction)

3017:

La prensa guipuzcoana en los años finales de la Restauración (1917-1923)

1437:

he inherited the title as his older brother, José María, died in infancy

1170:

Agirreazkuenaga, Urquijo 1995, pp. 362-368, Agustín Fernández Escudero,

569:

By the end of the decade it might have seemed that his younger brother,

520:

In the 1880s Carlism was increasingly divided between supporters of the

416:. Back in Navarre in early 1875, he took part in the February battle of 829: 531: 495: 483: 409: 294: 249: 119: 111: 99: 48: 1394:

Pedro Pascual Vives de Caamañas y Sanchez-Muñoz, 18. Conde de Almenara

2984:. On the other hand, he also displayed some skepticism, for 1908 see 2964:

in 1907 he took part in the sermon following death of Ramón Nocedal,

1900:, p. 58. The title was acknowledged by the Madrid court in 1993, see 1409: 697: 514: 499: 487: 451: 378: 253: 237: 114:

soldier and politician. His career climaxed during presidency of the

2330:

e.g. in 1892 in Guernica, Fernández Escudero 2012, p. 216, see also

334: 4140: 783: 741: 712: 671: 647: 613: 547: 541: 508: 491: 475: 439: 387: 279: 248:. Some sources claim he attended also Real Seminario de Nobles de 227: 157: 133: 73: 4195: 3823:

Trayectoria ideológica del carlismo bajo don Jaime III, 1909-1931

3424:

Apuntes y documentos para la Historia del Tradicionalismo Español

1787:

Apuntes y documentos para la Historia del Tradicionalismo Español

1467:

Apuntes y documentos para la Historia del Tradicionalismo Español

362: 3629:

Gonzalez de Txabarri Miranda 2006, p. 3; see also his letter to

3559:

as late as in 1922 he served member of Comisión de agricultura,

2399:

for 1892 see e.g. Fernández Escudero 2012, p. 280, for 1895 see

118:

in the 1910s, though he is known mostly as member of the iconic

1888:

on February 27, 1876, Ampelio Alonso de Cadenas y Lopez (ed.),

757:

of forming a grand ultra-Right coalition; moreover, during the

2259:

arms contracts in wake of the labor crisis, Azcona 2003, p. 32

1857:

with Encomienda de la Real and Distinguida Orden de Carlos III

586:

he supervised forced closing of Carlist circulos in Gipuzkoa.

1374:

María de los Dolores Vives de Cañamás y Fernández de Villamil

321:. In April his cavalry unit was shuttled across Gipuzkoa and 4145:

4th marques with wife and sons, Jose Maria and Candido, 1875

1128:

Orbe y Mariaca, Juan Nepomuceno de. marqués de Valde-Espina

1071:

Juan Nepomuceno de Orbe y Mariaca, 4. marqués de Valdespina

1039:

named also Secretario de Estado de Guerra, B. de Artagan ,

4257:

Politicians from the Basque Country (autonomous community)

1936:

Carlins i integristes a la Restauració: l’escissió de 1888

1513:

D. Mauricio de Sivatte. Una biografía política (1901-1980)

602:, he was neither in political entourage of his successor, 126:

and was briefly member of the national Carlist executive.

1126:

elected in 1871 from Biscay, Brea 1912, p. 106, see also

153:; in the 17th century their centre shifted to the nearby 761:

Valde-Espina espoused a neutralist – and in effect anti-

738:

Breakup, retirement and reconciliation (1920s and 1930s)

4096:

El marqués de Cerralbo (1845–1922): biografía politica

3422:

Astigarraga also in the 1950s, Manuel de Santa Cruz ,

1483:

El naufragio de las ortodoxias. El carlismo, 1962-1977

1479:

Historia del ultimo pretendiente a la corona de España

1172:

El marqués de Cerralbo (1845–1922): biografía politica

808:; despite his 84 years of age still suspected of anti- 260:, María Vives de Cañamas (1853-1910), daughter of 18. 2871:

he was not appointed but elected by the local junta,

2170:

Veinte años con Don Carlos. Memorias de su secretario

525:

entered its Biscay Junta Directiva and following the

297:, he fled back to France in 1870. In 1872 as cavalry 3728:

El cisma mellista: historia de una ambición política

3161:

Brea 1912, p. 108, also Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 381

2168:, conde de Ayanz and doctor Coma, Francisco Melgar, 1142:

e.g as Comandante General de Vizcaya, nominated 1872

325:

to Navarre, recording sweeping operations at Oñate,

16:

Spanish Carlist soldier & politician (1848-1933)

2527:the official statement used the term "registrado", 95: 87: 79: 69: 55: 37: 21: 450:Orbe accompanied his king to Bordeaux and then to 289:returned to Spain shortly afterwards; engaged in 4044:Navarra y los estatutos de autonomía (1931-1932) 3130:e.g. when on opening a círculo in Renteria, see 1199:Album de Personajes Carlistas con sus Biografias 4179:Astigarraga palace and Orbe genealogy discussed 3879:El origen del primer catolicismo social español 1646:Paula 1888, p. 82, Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 380 909:great-great-grandfather of Jose Maria, compare 2218:names to de Cerralbo, Real Cuesta 1985, p. 140 1942:147 (1991), pp. 59-60, Jordi Canal i Morell, 1428:(1890-1969), see Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 382 1210:Luis M. Zavala y Fernández de Heredia (ed.), 8: 4107:Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos 2372:Apuntes bibliográficos de la prensa carlista 873:Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos 203:The son of Orbe y Elío and the 4th marqués, 4196:Astigarraga palace for rent,commercial site 1130:entry, official Senate service, available 4174:Ermua palace at official ayuntamiento site 3680:, Tirso Olazábal or conde de Dona Marina, 1052:Agirreazkuenaga, Urquijo 1995, pp. 362-368 900:, furtherly referred as Azcona Pastor 2003 29: 18: 3550:, Gonzalez de Txabarri Miranda 2006, p. 2 2666:La construcción de una nacionalidad vasca 1508:Vasconia. Cuadernos de Historia-Geografía 244:, where in the mid-1860s he obtained the 3460:Astigarraga; for detailed breakdown see 2370:for 1896 see e.g. José Navarro Cabanes, 1563:compare his personal website, available 588: 293:, a failed attempt to stage a rising in 180:(1776-1850). He lost his arm during the 3920:e.g. as treasurer of Asilo de Caridad, 2107:in 1887, Fernandez Escudero 2012, p. 80 1820:, Madrid 1944, p. 480, Melchor Ferrer, 1161:at Eraul in May 1874, Brea 1912, p. 106 860: 610:Towards the party executive (1904-1911) 557:appointed provincial Gipuzkoan leader, 436:In the shadow of own father (1876-1891) 4307:Mayors of places in the Basque Country 3575:Estornés Zubizarreta 1990, pp. 102-105 3442:in 1912, Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín, 2641:detailed discussion in Luis Castells, 2187:Anales de la Fundación Elías de Tejada 1637:, vol. 28/1, Sevilla 1959, pp. 183-187 1525:In memoriam. Don Ignacio de Orbe Tuero 1477:69 (2009), p. 185, Javier Lavardín , 1030:Agirreazkuenaga, Urquijo 1995, p. 363 1012:Agirreazkuenaga, Urquijo 1995, p. 362 1003:Agirreazkuenaga, Urquijo 1995, p. 367 7: 3962:Historia del tradicionalismo español 3749:San Sebastián en los siglos XIX y XX 2181:Horacio M. Sánchez de Loria Parodi, 1879:Brea 1912, p. 108, Roma 1933, p. 331 1868:Historia del tradicionalismo espanól 1822:Historia del tradicionalismo espanól 1635:Historia del tradicionalismo español 929:the title was originally granted to 116:provincial Gipuzkoan self-government 42:José María de Orbe y Gaytán de Ayala 4302:20th-century Spanish businesspeople 4272:19th-century Spanish businesspeople 4201:personal site of Orbe y Klingenberg 4101:Antonio Gaytán de Ayala Artázcoz, 2786:, Estornés Zubizarreta 1990, p. 74 2770:, Estornés Zubizarreta 1990, p. 74 1824:, vol. 26, Sevilla 1955, pp. 52-53 1041:Príncipe heróico y soldados leales 317:-Echevarria and later advanced to 14: 4217:; contemporary Carlist propaganda 2198:Real Cuesta 1985, pp. 99-100, 148 1152:Irún and Lacar, Brea 1912, p. 106 850:Juan Nepomuceno de Orbe y Mariaca 205:Juan Nepomuceno de Orbe y Mariaca 4292:20th-century Spanish politicians 2724:Estornés Zubizarreta 1990, p. 72 1789:, vol. 1, Madrid 1979, pp. 124-5 775:Partido Católico Tradicionalista 3247:José María Orbe Gaytán de Ayala 3089:La politica religiosa en España 2311:Fernández Escudero 2012, p. 283 2293:Fernández Escudero 2012, p. 189 1201:, vol. 2, Barcelona 1888, p. 80 266:Ignacio de Orbe y Vives Cañamas 184:and gained his name during the 3116:La Correspondencia de Valencia 3042:Anuario Ferrocariles Españoles 1870:, vol. 27, Sevilla 1955, p. 58 973:Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 373-5 668:Gipuzkoan patricio (1911-1922) 502:; he was recorded at least in 276:Conspiracy and war (1868-1876) 1: 4312:20th-century Spanish nobility 4287:19th-century Spanish nobility 4109:3/25 (1934), pp. 360–384 3389:e.g. in 1916 in Astigarraga, 3251:Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia 2712:1905, pp. 501-503, available 2691:Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia 2632:Real Cuesta 1985, pp. 249-250 2503:Real Cuesta 1985, pp. 190-191 1338:in September 1876 in Biarritz 1214:, vol. 1, Lasarte-Oria 2008, 4094:Agustín Fernández Escudero, 3964:vol. 24, Sevilla 1955, p. 83 3803:, formally confirmed in 1930 3492:La Correspondencia de España 3286:La Correspondencia de España 3201:La Correspondencia de España 3147:La Correspondencia de España 3101:La Correspondencia de España 2827:Cándido Orbe Gaytán de Ayala 2687:Cándido Orbe Gaytán de Ayala 2577:La Correspondencia de España 2489:La Correspondencia de España 1711:Album histórico del carlismo 1329:Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 380 1252:Gaytán de Ayala 1934, p. 379 931:Andrés de Orbe y Larreategui 59:1933 (aged 84–85) 4191:Astigarraga palace in movie 4128:El Carlismo Vasco 1876–1900 4066:José Manuel Azcona Pastor, 3877:José Luis Orella Martínez, 2125:Real Cuesta 1985, pp. 77-79 1176:El Carlismo Vasco 1876–1900 731:Sociedad de Estudios Vascos 718:Sociedad de Estudios Vascos 341:; in July 1873 he welcomed 168:, and intermarriage with a 4338: 4277:Spanish military personnel 4232:Basque Carlist politicians 3838:Andrés Martín 2000, p. 161 2811:La Correspondencia Militar 2662:Idoia Estornés Zubizarreta 2183:Carlos VII en la Argentina 1527:, CTC website, available 166:marquesado of Valde-Espina 110:(1848-1933) was a Spanish 3511:in 1919, Larrinaga 2013, 1463:Alberto Ruiz de Galarreta 845:José María de Orbe y Elío 676:Gipuzkoan diputacion HQ, 178:José María de Orbe y Elío 28: 3245:Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, 2685:Ainhoa Arozamena Ayala, 2604:94-95 (1905), available 2447:Real Cuesta 1985, p. 222 1836:34/IV (1892), available 1785:Manuell de Santa Cruz , 1535:, or to Cortes, compare 1195:Francisco de Paula Oller 1089:as alférez de caballería 806:Comunión Tradicionalista 571:Candido de Orbe y Gaytán 563:Salvadór Elio y Ezpeleta 392:Carlist cavalry charging 305:. During the clashes at 232:daughter getting married 23:José M. de Orbe y Gaytán 4297:Spanish Roman Catholics 4267:Spanish anti-communists 3015:Félix Luengo Teixidor, 2976:as a common candidate, 2600:no later than in 1905, 2374:, Valencia 1917, p. 197 2302:Real Cuesta 1985, p. 47 2116:Real Cuesta 1985, p. 72 818:Basque nationalist sway 593:Valde-Espina in his 50s 256:. José María married a 190:1812 Cadiz constitution 162:Andrés de Orbe y Zarauz 4206:Orbe y Klingenberg on 4146: 4084:, San Sebastián 1980, 3974:El defensor de Córdoba 3448:Historia contemporánea 3075:o 03.09.10, available 3021:Historia contemporánea 2972:; in 1910 he endorsed 2706:Liga Foral Autonomista 2645:, San Sebastián 1980, 2284:18 (1995), pp. 113-135 1301:Brea 1912, pp. 107-108 835:Traditionalism (Spain) 792: 788:Valde-Espina mansion, 749: 725: 680: 653: 626:Liga Foral Autonomista 621: 594: 559:Pedro M. Piñera y Orue 550: 527:1888 Integrist breakup 517: 513:Biscay Diputacion HQ, 447: 393: 285: 252:and an institution in 233: 146: 4215:Por Dios y por España 4144: 3881:, Madrid 2012. p. 269 3509:Julián Elorza Aizpuru 3091:, Madrid 1975, p. 464 3087:José Andres Gallego, 2858:from 1928, available 2172:, Madrid 1940, p. 136 1925:Paula 1888, pp. 84-85 1818:Historia del carlismo 1767:on August 30–31, 1873 1740:on August 18–19, 1873 1713:, Madrid 1933, p. 331 1691:Paula 1888, pp. 82-83 1673:Paula 1888, pp. 82-83 1579:; for a trailer, see 787: 747:Juan Vazquez de Mella 745: 716: 702:Juan Vázquez de Mella 675: 651: 617: 592: 545: 512: 443: 391: 283: 231: 137: 4126:Javier Real Cuesta, 4029:05.09.33, available 4014:13.06.33, available 3999:04.07.32, available 3984:17.06.32, available 3976:17.06.32, available 3948:01.08.30, available 3908:25.01.23, available 3893:21.12.22, available 3865:12.10.22, available 3850:07.11.22, available 3801:Bernardo Elío y Elío 3787:07.03.19, available 3772:22.02.19, available 3714:03.02.04, available 3699:24.10.03, available 3684:24.01.18, available 3663:28.05.17, available 3648:01.10.18, available 3617:02.12.18, available 3602:02.12.18, available 3587:14.09.15, available 3563:08.07.22, available 3546:02.03.19, available 3531:02.05.18, available 3494:30.06.19, available 3479:12.03.17, available 3464:12.03.17, available 3450:10 (1997), pp. 111-2 3430:20.09.13, available 3409:22.06.12, available 3393:12.10.16, available 3377:20.11.18, available 3362:22.06.12, available 3347:14.12.11, available 3332:26.10.13, available 3316:09.08.12, available 3288:22.08.11, available 3273:17.03.15, available 3233:22.02.12, available 3218:07.11.12, available 3203:26.06.11, available 3188:04.05.11, available 3173:03.05.11, available 3149:13.03.11, available 3134:18.07.05, available 3118:15.10.10, available 3103:30.10.10, available 3060:24.08.21, available 3052:04.07.14, available 3036:30.12.20, available 3003:04.05.10, available 2988:24.03.08, available 2980:03.05.10, available 2968:15.04.07, available 2952:17.08.10, available 2944:27.07.08, available 2929:16.06.08, available 2914:11.12.09, available 2899:01.07.08, available 2875:23.12.07, available 2841:14.10.08, available 2813:20.09.05, available 2798:28.09.05, available 2782:07.09.05, available 2766:09.09.05, available 2751:05.09.05, available 2736:26.08.05, available 2620:17.04.03, available 2579:17.09.00, available 2571:26.08.02, available 2546:20.12.98, available 2531:30.11.98, available 2515:19.03.98, available 2491:11.08.00, available 2476:01.08.99, available 2460:10.02.93, available 2435:11.03.96, available 2419:09.09.92, available 2403:08.01.95, available 2387:29.05.94, available 2358:10.10.94, available 2342:11.02.93, available 2334:04.07.92, available 2272:11.04.92, available 2246:07.04.97, available 2230:16.05.00, available 2152:03.11.86, available 2137:17.09.86, available 2077:14.03.83, available 2061:26.03.83, available 2046:29.01.83, available 2038:08.01.83, available 2023:21.09.82, available 1981:05.06.79, available 1966:06.04.77, available 1904:01.02.93, available 1551:05.01.71, available 1359:07.08.95, available 1351:02.11.16, available 961:17.01.11, available 953:05.01.71, available 945:14.01.06, available 937:17.09.94, available 604:Matías Barrio y Míer 546:Palacio Valdespina, 538:Back row (1891-1904) 445:Juan N. Orbe Mariaca 188:; opposition to the 4282:Spanish monarchists 4252:People from Bergara 4247:Marquesses of Spain 3755:service, available 3050:El defensor escolar 2268:Brea 1912, p. 108, 1591:service, available 1583:service, available 1408:service, available 1400:service, available 1380:service, available 1317:service, available 1311:Los condes de Faura 1240:service, available 1234:Los Gaytán de Ayala 1077:service, available 917:service, available 875:3/25 (1934), p. 380 710:, to Valde-Espina. 600:marquis of Cerralbo 578:rumored to run for 561:the Biscay one and 333:before fighting at 182:War of the Pyrenees 4242:Spanish landowners 4184:2017-05-17 at the 4147: 4112:Carlos Larrinaga, 4027:Diario de Alicante 4012:Pensamiento Alavés 3946:El Cruzado Español 3330:Diario de Valencia 2897:El Correo Español 2710:Revista bascongada 2472:e.g. in 1899, see 2456:e.g. in 1893, see 2431:for 1896 see e.g. 2415:for 1892 see e.g. 2383:for 1894 see e.g. 2354:for 1894 see e.g. 1946:, Barcelona 1998, 1834:El estandarte real 1758:on August 25, 1873 1749:on August 22, 1873 1731:on August 14, 1873 1515:, Barcelona 2001, 1451:, Astigarraga 1938 1415:2016-03-04 at the 896:, p. 7, available 793: 750: 726: 681: 654: 622: 595: 551: 518: 448: 422:lieutenant colonel 394: 286: 234: 170:Murguía y Arbelaiz 147: 3785:El Correo Español 3712:El Correo Español 3682:El Correo Español 3678:Lezama Leguizamón 3428:El Correo Español 3407:El Correo Español 3375:El Correo Español 3360:El Correo Español 3345:El Correo Español 3314:El Correo Español 3186:El Correo Español 3171:El Correo Español 3132:El Correo Español 3034:El Correo Español 3001:El Correo Español 2986:El Correo Español 2927:El Correo Español 2912:El Correo Español 2839:El Correo Español 2825:Arozamena Ayala, 2749:El Correo Español 2668:, Donostia 1990, 2569:El Correo Español 2558:Brea 1912, p. 108 2544:Heraldo de Madrid 2529:Heraldo de Madrid 2474:Heraldo astrogano 2458:El Correo Español 2433:El Correo Español 2385:El Correo Español 2340:El Correo Español 2332:El Correo Español 2270:La Unión Católica 2228:La Unión Católica 2189:10 (2009), p. 160 2002:Canal 1991, p. 59 1940:Revista de Girona 1916:Paula 1888, p. 84 1848:Paula 1888, p. 84 1798:Paula 1888, p. 84 1776:Paula 1888, p. 83 1700:Paula 1888, p. 83 1682:Brea 1912, p. 108 1664:Paula 1888, p. 82 1655:Brea 1912, p. 107 1621:Brea 1912, p. 129 1612:Brea 1912, p. 107 1485:, Pamplona 1997, 1349:El Correo Español 1292:Oller 1888, p. 81 1283:Brea 1912, p. 107 1274:Oller 1888, p. 81 894:Historia de Ermua 755:Mellista strategy 707:El Correo Español 460:Biscay diputación 456:Saint-Jean-de-Luz 424:and awarded with 369:and the siege of 345:back in Spain at 262:Conde de Almenara 217:Third Carlist War 194:First Carlist War 105: 104: 4329: 4055: 4039: 4033: 4024: 4018: 4009: 4003: 3994: 3988: 3971: 3965: 3960:Melchor Ferrer, 3958: 3952: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3924:1930, available 3918: 3912: 3903: 3897: 3888: 3882: 3875: 3869: 3860: 3854: 3845: 3839: 3836: 3830: 3829:15 (1990), p. 40 3819: 3813: 3810: 3804: 3797: 3791: 3782: 3776: 3765: 3759: 3744: 3738: 3724: 3718: 3709: 3703: 3694: 3688: 3673: 3667: 3658: 3652: 3646:España y America 3643: 3637: 3627: 3621: 3612: 3606: 3597: 3591: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3567: 3557: 3551: 3541: 3535: 3526: 3520: 3504: 3498: 3489: 3483: 3474: 3468: 3457: 3451: 3440: 3434: 3419: 3413: 3403: 3397: 3387: 3381: 3372: 3366: 3357: 3351: 3342: 3336: 3326: 3320: 3311: 3305: 3283: 3277: 3268: 3262: 3243: 3237: 3228: 3222: 3213: 3207: 3198: 3192: 3183: 3177: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3144: 3138: 3128: 3122: 3113: 3107: 3098: 3092: 3085: 3079: 3070: 3064: 3044:1906, available 3030: 3024: 3023:2 (1989), p. 231 3013: 3007: 2998: 2992: 2962: 2956: 2939: 2933: 2924: 2918: 2909: 2903: 2894: 2888: 2885: 2879: 2869: 2863: 2851: 2845: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2808: 2802: 2793: 2787: 2777: 2771: 2761: 2755: 2746: 2740: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2716: 2703: 2697: 2683: 2677: 2659: 2653: 2639: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2614: 2608: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2541: 2535: 2525: 2519: 2510: 2504: 2501: 2495: 2486: 2480: 2470: 2464: 2454: 2448: 2445: 2439: 2429: 2423: 2413: 2407: 2401:El Correo Espñol 2397: 2391: 2381: 2375: 2368: 2362: 2352: 2346: 2328: 2322: 2318: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2285: 2266: 2260: 2256: 2250: 2240: 2234: 2225: 2219: 2215: 2209: 2205: 2199: 2196: 2190: 2179: 2173: 2166:Francisco Melgar 2162: 2156: 2147: 2141: 2132: 2126: 2123: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2105: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2081: 2071: 2065: 2056: 2050: 2033: 2027: 2018: 2012: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1985: 1976: 1970: 1961: 1955: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1871: 1866:Melchor Ferrer, 1864: 1858: 1855: 1849: 1846: 1840: 1831: 1825: 1814: 1808: 1805: 1799: 1796: 1790: 1783: 1777: 1774: 1768: 1765: 1759: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1738: 1732: 1729: 1723: 1722:on July 25, 1873 1720: 1714: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1647: 1644: 1638: 1628: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1604: 1601: 1595: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1545: 1539: 1500: 1494: 1458: 1452: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1390: 1384: 1369: 1363: 1345: 1339: 1336: 1330: 1327: 1321: 1315:Nuestros Escudos 1308: 1302: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1281: 1275: 1272: 1266: 1259: 1253: 1250: 1244: 1229: 1223: 1208: 1202: 1192: 1186: 1168: 1162: 1159: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1140: 1134: 1124: 1118: 1115: 1109: 1106: 1100: 1096: 1090: 1087: 1081: 1068: 1062: 1059: 1053: 1050: 1044: 1037: 1031: 1028: 1022: 1019: 1013: 1010: 1004: 1001: 995: 980: 974: 971: 965: 927: 921: 907: 901: 891: 885: 882: 876: 865: 652:Carlist standard 472:José de Acillona 357:, Las Campanas, 351:adjutant general 329:and San Vicente- 284:teniente de Orbe 130:Family and youth 33: 19: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4222: 4221: 4186:Wayback Machine 4156:Orbe family at 4152: 4130:, Madrid 1985, 4116:, Bilbao 2013, 4080:Luis Castells, 4063: 4061:Further reading 4058: 4046:, Madrid 2015, 4040: 4036: 4025: 4021: 4010: 4006: 3997:El Siglo Futuro 3995: 3991: 3972: 3968: 3959: 3955: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3919: 3915: 3904: 3900: 3889: 3885: 3876: 3872: 3861: 3857: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3820: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3798: 3794: 3783: 3779: 3766: 3762: 3745: 3741: 3730:, Madrid 2000, 3725: 3721: 3710: 3706: 3695: 3691: 3674: 3670: 3659: 3655: 3644: 3640: 3628: 3624: 3613: 3609: 3598: 3594: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3558: 3554: 3542: 3538: 3527: 3523: 3505: 3501: 3490: 3486: 3475: 3471: 3458: 3454: 3441: 3437: 3420: 3416: 3404: 3400: 3388: 3384: 3373: 3369: 3358: 3354: 3343: 3339: 3327: 3323: 3312: 3308: 3296:, Bilbao 2013, 3284: 3280: 3271:El Siglo Futuro 3269: 3265: 3244: 3240: 3229: 3225: 3214: 3210: 3199: 3195: 3184: 3180: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3145: 3141: 3129: 3125: 3114: 3110: 3099: 3095: 3086: 3082: 3071: 3067: 3031: 3027: 3014: 3010: 2999: 2995: 2978:El Siglo Futuro 2966:El Siglo Futuro 2963: 2959: 2940: 2936: 2925: 2921: 2910: 2906: 2895: 2891: 2886: 2882: 2870: 2866: 2852: 2848: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2809: 2805: 2796:El Siglo Futuro 2794: 2790: 2780:El Siglo Futuro 2778: 2774: 2764:El Siglo Futuro 2762: 2758: 2747: 2743: 2734:El Siglo Futuro 2732: 2728: 2723: 2719: 2704: 2700: 2684: 2680: 2660: 2656: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2615: 2611: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2566: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2542: 2538: 2526: 2522: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2487: 2483: 2471: 2467: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2430: 2426: 2414: 2410: 2398: 2394: 2382: 2378: 2369: 2365: 2353: 2349: 2329: 2325: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2253: 2241: 2237: 2226: 2222: 2216: 2212: 2206: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2180: 2176: 2163: 2159: 2150:El Siglo Futuro 2148: 2144: 2135:El Siglo Futuro 2133: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2088: 2084: 2072: 2068: 2059:El Siglo Futuro 2057: 2053: 2044:El Siglo Futuro 2036:El Siglo Futuro 2034: 2030: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1979:El Siglo Futuro 1977: 1973: 1964:El Siglo Futuro 1962: 1958: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1892:, Madrid 1991, 1887: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1832: 1828: 1816:Roman Oyarzun, 1815: 1811: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1793: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1574: 1570: 1562: 1558: 1546: 1542: 1501: 1497: 1459: 1455: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1426: 1422: 1417:Wayback Machine 1391: 1387: 1370: 1366: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1309: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1269: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1247: 1230: 1226: 1209: 1205: 1193: 1189: 1178:, Madrid 1985, 1169: 1165: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1137: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1103: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1011: 1007: 1002: 998: 986:, Bilbao 1995, 981: 977: 972: 968: 928: 924: 908: 904: 892: 888: 883: 879: 866: 862: 858: 826: 779:Primo de Rivera 740: 720:being founded, 670: 658:Ley del Candado 638:Bartolomé Feliú 619:Candido de Orbe 612: 540: 438: 278: 132: 96:Political party 65: 60: 51: 46: 44: 43: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4335: 4333: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4224: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4211: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4176: 4171: 4162: 4151: 4150:External links 4148: 4139: 4138: 4124: 4110: 4099: 4092: 4078: 4070:, Ermua 2003, 4062: 4059: 4057: 4056: 4052:978-8416549177 4034: 4019: 4004: 3989: 3966: 3953: 3938: 3929: 3913: 3898: 3883: 3870: 3855: 3840: 3831: 3814: 3805: 3792: 3777: 3760: 3739: 3719: 3704: 3689: 3668: 3653: 3638: 3622: 3607: 3592: 3577: 3568: 3552: 3536: 3521: 3499: 3484: 3469: 3462:Heraldo Álaves 3452: 3435: 3414: 3398: 3382: 3367: 3352: 3337: 3321: 3306: 3278: 3263: 3238: 3223: 3208: 3193: 3178: 3163: 3154: 3139: 3123: 3108: 3093: 3080: 3073:El Siglo Futur 3065: 3025: 3008: 2993: 2974:Manuel Senante 2957: 2950:Heraldo Álaves 2942:Heraldo Álaves 2934: 2919: 2904: 2889: 2880: 2873:Heraldo Alaves 2864: 2846: 2830: 2818: 2803: 2788: 2772: 2756: 2741: 2726: 2717: 2698: 2678: 2654: 2634: 2625: 2609: 2593: 2584: 2560: 2551: 2536: 2520: 2505: 2496: 2481: 2465: 2449: 2440: 2424: 2408: 2392: 2376: 2363: 2347: 2323: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2261: 2251: 2235: 2220: 2210: 2200: 2191: 2174: 2157: 2142: 2127: 2118: 2109: 2100: 2091: 2082: 2066: 2051: 2028: 2013: 2004: 1995: 1986: 1971: 1956: 1927: 1918: 1909: 1881: 1872: 1859: 1850: 1841: 1826: 1809: 1800: 1791: 1778: 1769: 1760: 1751: 1742: 1733: 1724: 1715: 1702: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1631:Melchor Ferrer 1623: 1614: 1605: 1596: 1568: 1556: 1540: 1495: 1453: 1439: 1430: 1420: 1385: 1364: 1340: 1331: 1322: 1303: 1294: 1285: 1276: 1267: 1254: 1245: 1224: 1203: 1187: 1163: 1154: 1144: 1135: 1119: 1110: 1101: 1091: 1082: 1063: 1054: 1045: 1032: 1023: 1014: 1005: 996: 975: 966: 922: 902: 886: 877: 859: 857: 854: 853: 852: 847: 842: 837: 832: 825: 822: 801:Euskaltzaindia 799:he signed the 739: 736: 669: 666: 642:Víctor Pradera 611: 608: 555:Tirso Olazábal 539: 536: 437: 434: 406:Doña Margarita 277: 274: 186:Peninsular War 131: 128: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 89: 88:Known for 85: 84: 81: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 61: 57: 53: 52: 47: 41: 39: 35: 34: 26: 25: 22: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4334: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4218: 4216: 4212: 4210: 4209: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4136:9788432305108 4133: 4129: 4125: 4123: 4122:9788498608625 4119: 4115: 4111: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4098:, Madrid 2012 4097: 4093: 4091: 4090:9788474070774 4087: 4083: 4079: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4054:, pp. 448-458 4053: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3970: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3947: 3942: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3923: 3917: 3914: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3892: 3887: 3884: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3669: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3632: 3631:Julio Urquijo 3626: 3623: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3581: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3556: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3517:9788498608625 3514: 3510: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3493: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3304:, pp. 163-183 3303: 3302:9788498608625 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3117: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3094: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3012: 3009: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2890: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2856:Julio Urquijo 2850: 2847: 2844: 2840: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2699: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2674:9788487471049 2671: 2667: 2663: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2651:9788474070774 2648: 2644: 2638: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2618:El eco balear 2613: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2530: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2506: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2490: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2356:El alicantino 2351: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2327: 2324: 2317: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2299: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2214: 2211: 2204: 2201: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2167: 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2775: 2763: 2759: 2748: 2744: 2733: 2729: 2720: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2693:, available 2690: 2686: 2681: 2665: 2657: 2642: 2637: 2628: 2617: 2612: 2602:Euskal-Erria 2601: 2596: 2587: 2576: 2568: 2563: 2554: 2543: 2539: 2528: 2523: 2512: 2508: 2499: 2488: 2484: 2473: 2468: 2457: 2452: 2443: 2432: 2427: 2417:El Imparcial 2416: 2411: 2400: 2395: 2384: 2379: 2371: 2366: 2355: 2350: 2339: 2331: 2326: 2316: 2307: 2298: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2269: 2264: 2254: 2243: 2238: 2227: 2223: 2213: 2203: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2169: 2160: 2149: 2145: 2134: 2130: 2121: 2112: 2103: 2094: 2085: 2074: 2069: 2058: 2054: 2043: 2035: 2031: 2020: 2016: 2007: 1998: 1989: 1978: 1974: 1963: 1959: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1921: 1912: 1901: 1889: 1884: 1875: 1867: 1862: 1853: 1844: 1833: 1829: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1803: 1794: 1786: 1781: 1772: 1763: 1754: 1745: 1736: 1727: 1718: 1710: 1705: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1669: 1660: 1651: 1642: 1634: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1589:FilmAffinity 1588: 1580: 1576: 1571: 1559: 1548: 1543: 1524: 1512: 1507: 1503: 1498: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1456: 1448: 1442: 1433: 1423: 1405: 1397: 1393: 1388: 1377: 1373: 1367: 1356: 1348: 1343: 1334: 1325: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1297: 1288: 1279: 1270: 1257: 1248: 1237: 1233: 1227: 1211: 1206: 1198: 1190: 1175: 1171: 1166: 1157: 1147: 1138: 1127: 1122: 1113: 1104: 1094: 1085: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1057: 1048: 1040: 1035: 1026: 1017: 1008: 999: 983: 978: 969: 958: 950: 942: 934: 925: 914: 910: 905: 893: 889: 880: 872: 868: 863: 794: 767: 751: 727: 705: 694: 686:Alfonso XIII 682: 655: 630: 623: 596: 584:La Octubrada 568: 552: 519: 504:Buenos Aires 468: 449: 395: 347:Zugarramurdi 339:Valle Baztan 311: 287: 246:baccalaureat 235: 222:Vasconagadas 202: 148: 107: 106: 4322:1933 deaths 4317:1848 births 3697:La Libertad 1355:; see also 814:Villafranca 797:dictablanda 790:Astigarraga 403:Dancharinea 383:Somorrostro 331:Peñacerrada 291:La Escodada 174:Astigarraga 139:grandfather 70:Nationality 63:Astigarraga 4226:Categories 4167:Euskomedia 4158:Geneallnet 4076:849204621X 3736:8487863825 1898:8487204295 1521:8493109797 1406:Compactgen 1398:Geneallnet 1378:Geneallnet 1075:Geneallnet 915:Geneallnet 810:Republican 426:vizcondado 375:Montejurra 367:Dicastillo 343:Carlos VII 299:lieutenant 258:Valenciana 143:prosthesis 141:(note arm 91:politician 80:Occupation 3891:El Debate 3615:El Figaro 3600:La Nación 3561:El Debate 3058:El Debate 2075:El Debate 2021:La Iberia 1238:Euskalnet 856:Footnotes 759:Great War 662:Don Jaime 634:Zumarraga 430:Valcarlos 151:Anguiozar 83:landowner 4237:Carlists 4182:Archived 4165:Orbe at 3906:El Norte 3848:El Norte 3585:La Epoca 3519:, p. 138 3477:La Epoca 3391:El Norte 3249:entry, 3231:La Epcoa 3216:La Epoca 2689:entry, 2513:La Epoca 2282:Lurralde 2244:El Norte 1493:, p. 323 1475:Hispania 1413:Archived 1396:entry, 1376:entry, 1236:entry, 1222:, p. 132 1073:entry, 994:, p. 367 840:Mellismo 824:See also 771:Zaragoza 678:Donostia 522:Nocedals 480:Barbados 414:Guetaria 327:Azcárate 319:Guernica 315:Marquina 242:Pamplona 198:Bordeaux 124:Gipuzkoa 4169:service 4160:service 3827:Aportes 3770:La Cruz 2676:, p. 72 2042:, also 1954:, p. 40 1581:YouTube 1575:titled 913:entry 830:Carlism 763:Entente 532:alcalde 496:Uruguay 484:Jamaica 464:Durango 359:Estella 349:. Made 303:Mañaria 295:Navarre 270:Catalan 250:Vergara 112:Carlist 100:Carlism 74:Spanish 49:Vergara 4134: 4120: 4088: 4074: 4050: 3982:Región 3863:El Sol 3753:Ingeba 3734: 3661:El Día 3529:El Día 3515: 3300: 3261:, p. 2 2672: 2649: 1950: 1896: 1519: 1489: 1218: 1182: 990: 698:Murcia 690:Tolosa 580:Cortes 515:Bilbao 500:Brasil 488:Panama 452:London 379:Bilbao 254:Madrid 238:Jesuit 155:Biscay 120:Basque 2338:, or 2321:1890s 722:Oñati 548:Ermua 492:Chile 476:Haiti 462:from 428:, In 418:Lacár 371:Viana 355:Ibero 335:Eraul 323:Álava 307:Oñate 164:with 158:Ermua 4208:Aita 4132:ISBN 4118:ISBN 4086:ISBN 4072:ISBN 4048:ISBN 4031:here 4016:here 4001:here 3986:here 3978:here 3950:here 3926:here 3910:here 3895:here 3867:here 3852:here 3789:here 3774:here 3757:here 3732:ISBN 3716:here 3701:here 3686:here 3665:here 3650:here 3635:here 3619:here 3604:here 3589:here 3565:here 3548:here 3533:here 3513:ISBN 3496:here 3481:here 3466:here 3432:here 3411:here 3395:here 3379:here 3364:here 3349:here 3334:here 3318:here 3298:ISBN 3290:here 3275:here 3259:here 3255:here 3235:here 3220:here 3205:here 3190:here 3175:here 3151:here 3136:here 3120:here 3105:here 3077:here 3062:here 3054:here 3046:here 3038:here 3005:here 2990:here 2982:here 2970:here 2954:here 2946:here 2931:here 2916:here 2901:here 2877:here 2860:here 2843:here 2815:here 2800:here 2784:here 2768:here 2753:here 2738:here 2714:here 2695:here 2670:ISBN 2647:ISBN 2622:here 2606:here 2581:here 2573:here 2548:here 2533:here 2517:here 2493:here 2478:here 2462:here 2437:here 2421:here 2405:here 2389:here 2360:here 2344:here 2336:here 2274:here 2248:here 2232:here 2154:here 2139:here 2079:here 2063:here 2048:here 2040:here 2025:here 1983:here 1968:here 1948:ISBN 1906:here 1894:ISBN 1838:here 1593:here 1585:here 1577:Aita 1565:here 1553:here 1537:here 1533:here 1529:here 1517:ISBN 1487:ISBN 1410:here 1402:here 1392:see 1382:here 1361:here 1353:here 1319:here 1264:here 1242:here 1216:ISBN 1180:ISBN 1132:here 1079:here 988:ISBN 963:here 955:here 947:here 941:and 939:here 919:here 898:here 724:1918 498:and 412:and 410:Irún 363:Allo 213:1860 211:and 209:1848 56:Died 45:1848 38:Born 4105:, 3825:, 3751:, 3544:ABC 3446:, 3019:, 2708:, 2280:, 2185:, 1938:, 1902:BOE 1549:BOE 1506:, 1473:, 1357:BOE 1313:, 1099:104 959:BOE 951:BOE 943:ABC 935:ABC 871:, 506:. 398:Pau 4228:: 3980:, 2948:, 2664:, 1633:, 1465:, 1197:, 820:. 494:, 490:, 486:, 482:, 478:, 385:. 365:, 361:, 200:. 145:)

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Knowledge

José María de Orbe y Gaytán

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