68:
968:
244:, on 17 October 1895. He retained a great fondness for coffee as an adult, claiming to drink 10 cups of it in a day, and describing it as a "patriotic vice", referring to Guatemala's high coffee production. He enrolled in Guatemala's military academy, and graduated at the top of his class. He was commissioned in the Guatemalan infantry in 1915. He was posted to the Guatemalan embassy in Washington, D.C., in 1918, and to the Paris embassy in 1919. In the same year he represented Guatemala at the
300:, and offered support to overthrow Árbenz. Ydígoras said he refused their terms, which included favoring the United Fruit Company, abolishing the railway worker's union, and establishing a dictatorship similar to that of Ubico. Ydígoras later agreed to help Castillo Armas in his own coup attempt, a fact which came to the attention of the Árbenz government before it fell. After Castillo Armas took power following the
271:, Ydígoras was the main opponent of Árbenz. The elections were broadly free and fair, except that women who could not read were still disenfranchised. Although Ydígoras had the support of landowners, he lacked popular support, and did not have the backing of major political parties as Árbenz did. Árbenz eventually won the election with 258,987 votes to 72,796 for Ydígoras, out of a total of 404,739.
320:
was held in 1958, in which Ydígoras was elected. His administration saw continual corruption scandals. There was significant social turmoil following his election, and demonstrations and protests against the government and against electoral fraud were common during his administration. These protests
332:
Chief described Ydígoras as, "known to be a moody, almost schizophrenic individual" who "regularly disregards the advice of his
Cabinet and other close associates". The beginning of the leftist rebellion led to Ydígoras being accused of being "soft on communism" by other figures within the army.
364:
Later in his life, Ydígoras was bitter about the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion. In exile in El
Salvador in 1974, he stated that he had been made a scapegoat for the failure, and that the US was responsible for his overthrow. Ydígoras died of a
1337:
1352:
850:
348:
eventually toppled Ydígoras. Peralta claimed that the entire government had been infiltrated by communists, abrogated the constitution, and took over as the head of state.
1327:
1322:
843:
487:
186:
67:
1211:
753:
709:
680:
548:
523:
449:
268:
221:
836:
322:
296:
was chosen instead. Ydígoras later claimed that in 1953, he had been introduced to two CIA agents by Walter
Turnbull, an official of the
1182:
1058:
867:
643:
1140:
316:
were held immediately afterwards by a military junta. These elections were so fraudulent that popular outcry forced a fresh ballot.
1332:
1134:
349:
279:
1193:
1152:
967:
668:
317:
313:
352:
had the backing of several opposition parties, who wished to end the possibility that former left-of-center civilian president
1084:
1342:
1227:
1199:
1089:
1063:
301:
237:
1347:
1164:
1031:
803:
245:
112:
1020:
329:
275:
267:, Ydígoras was linked to several of the 25 attempted coups during 1945–1951. He returned to Guatemala in 1950. In the
1187:
1101:
882:
763:
May, Rachel (March 1999). ""Surviving All
Changes is Your Destiny": Violence and Popular Movements in Guatemala".
1042:
992:
340:
Several coups were attempted against him in the early 1960s, but they all failed, including one rebellion by the
1079:
333:
During his presidency, Ydígoras allowed the CIA to train the Cuban exile force that would be used in the failed
1233:
1158:
1014:
1008:
263:, Ydígoras was sent first to Washington, D.C., and then London, in diplomatic exile. During the government of
1205:
1176:
1124:
922:
820:
353:
345:
264:
248:. He subsequently held various posts in the military academy, before becoming a governor of the province of
212:(17 October 1895 – 27 October 1982) was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the 32nd
196:
124:
938:
1222:
1117:
1109:
1068:
1052:
1037:
956:
944:
900:
859:
810:
213:
89:
1146:
950:
293:
282:, because he had support among the Guatemalan opposition. However, he was rejected for his role in the
260:
249:
241:
225:
648:, Memorandum for: Office of the General Council, Central Intelligence Agency, p. 1, archived from
927:
1317:
1312:
1274:
1258:
1047:
911:
341:
334:
297:
917:
888:
1279:
1263:
906:
366:
55:
17:
998:
987:
780:
728:
255:
Ydígoras was appointed a general in 1937. He served as governor under the government of dictator
1238:
933:
749:
705:
676:
544:
519:
445:
439:
286:
regime, as well as his
European visage, which was unlikely to appeal to the mostly mixed-race
649:
1243:
1129:
1113:
772:
217:
259:
until 1939, when Ubico appointed him director of roads. After Ubico was overthrown in the
1253:
1248:
1217:
1074:
1026:
1003:
742:
370:
172:
1306:
1269:
784:
33:
719:
Gordon, Max (Summer 1971). "A Case
History of U. S. Subversion: Guatemala, 1954".
513:
1095:
283:
256:
776:
828:
152:
976:
356:
would return to
Guatemala and run as a candidate in the upcoming elections.
176:
156:
702:
Shattered hope: the
Guatemalan revolution and the United States, 1944–1954
732:
515:
The time of freedom: campesino workers in
Guatemala's October Revolution
288:
37:
488:"General Ydigoras of Guatemala, Bay of Pigs Figure, is Dead at 86"
373:, at the age of 87. He was survived by his wife and two children.
224:. Ydígoras previously served as the governor of the province of
832:
579:
577:
564:
562:
560:
216:
from 1958 to March 1963. He was also the main challenger to
656:"CIA Historical Review Program, Release as Sanitized, 2003"
744:
The CIA in
Guatemala: The Foreign Policy of Intervention
610:
608:
606:
604:
625:
623:
389:
387:
385:
408:
406:
404:
402:
344:
in 1962. In 1963, Ydígoras's defense minister Colonel
278:(CIA) considered Ydígoras as a candidate to lead the
236:
Ydígoras Fuentes was born on a coffee plantation, in
1338:
National Democratic Reconciliation Party politicians
541:
The blood of Guatemala: a history of race and nation
312:
Carlos Castillo Armas was assassinated in 1957, and
975:
866:
192:
182:
162:
139:
134:
118:
106:
87:
53:
1353:Guatemalan International Olympic Committee members
741:
669:"Guatemala: The Party System from 1963 to 2000"
518:. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 167.
44: and the second or maternal family name is
844:
8:
304:, Ydígoras was made ambassador to Colombia.
369:in October 1982, in a military hospital in
851:
837:
829:
792:
673:Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey
441:Heads of States and Governments Since 1945
66:
50:
568:
583:
187:National Democratic Reconciliation Party
481:
433:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
381:
614:
595:
543:. Duke University Press. p. 206.
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
393:
269:1950 Guatemalan presidential election
102:2 March 1958 – 31 March 1963
27:32nd President of Guatemala (1958-63)
7:
1328:20th-century presidents of Guatemala
654:The two-page memorandum is stamped:
868:Federal Republic of Central America
629:
412:
895:direct central rule, 1826–27
878:direct central rule, 1823–24
210:José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes
25:
18:José Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes
1323:People from Retalhuleu Department
966:
240:in the Guatemalan department of
704:. Princeton University Press.
486:Bird, David (8 October 1982).
232:Early life and military career
1:
748:. University of Texas Press.
740:Immerman, Richard H. (1982).
667:Corstange, Daniel M. (1980).
73:
675:. New York: The Free Press.
642:King, J. C. (25 July 1958),
36:, the first or paternal
860:Heads of state of Guatemala
765:Latin American Perspectives
671:. In Janda, Kenneth (ed.).
302:1954 Guatemalan coup d'etat
280:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
276:Central Intelligence Agency
1369:
777:10.1177/0094582x9902600204
645:Subject: S. S. Springfjord
444:. Routledge. p. 344.
222:1950 presidential election
31:
1287:
964:
817:
808:
800:
795:
700:Gleijeses, Piero (1991).
438:Lentz, Harris M. (2014).
335:1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion
321:eventually grew into the
203:
130:
113:Guillermo Flores Avendaño
95:
83:
65:
1333:Leaders ousted by a coup
873:Supreme Chiefs of State
512:Forster, Cindy (2001).
346:Enrique Peralta Azurdia
125:Enrique Peralta Azurdia
60:Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes
811:President of Guatemala
539:Grandin, Greg (2000).
328:In July 1958 a senior
246:Paris Peace Conference
214:president of Guatemala
90:President of Guatemala
1343:Guatemalan Revolution
977:Republic of Guatemala
323:guerrilla group MR-13
308:Election as president
294:Carlos Castillo Armas
298:United Fruit Company
197:Maria Teresa Laparra
1348:Guatemalan generals
796:Government offices
721:Science and Society
586:, pp. 141–142.
367:cerebral hemorrhage
72:Official portrait,
56:General of Division
871:(1823–1839);
652:on 27 October 2012
492:The New York Times
274:The United States
261:October revolution
1300:
1299:
827:
826:
818:Succeeded by
755:978-0-292-71083-2
711:978-0-691-02556-8
682:978-0-02-916120-3
632:, pp. 70–71.
571:, pp. 73–84.
550:978-0-8223-2495-9
525:978-0-8229-4162-0
451:978-1-134-26490-2
415:, pp. 72–73.
354:Juan José Arévalo
265:Juan José Arévalo
207:
206:
16:(Redirected from
1360:
1295:
1291:
1120:
970:
853:
846:
839:
830:
804:Guillermo Flores
801:Preceded by
793:
788:
759:
747:
736:
715:
687:
686:
664:
658:
653:
639:
633:
627:
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509:
503:
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483:
456:
455:
435:
416:
410:
397:
391:
318:Another election
169:
149:
147:
135:Personal details
121:
109:
100:
78:
75:
70:
51:
21:
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1363:
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1361:
1359:
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1302:
1301:
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1293:
1289:
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1125:Arévalo Bermejo
1108:
1043:García Granados
981:
979:
971:
962:
872:
870:
862:
857:
823:
821:Enrique Peralta
814:
806:
791:
762:
756:
739:
718:
712:
699:
695:
690:
683:
666:
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661:
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452:
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383:
379:
362:
310:
234:
183:Political party
171:
167:
166:27 October 1982
151:
150:17 October 1895
145:
143:
119:
107:
101:
96:
79:
76:
61:
58:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1261:
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1251:
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1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1212:Mejía Víctores
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1153:González López
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1082:
1077:
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990:
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909:
904:
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848:
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833:
825:
824:
819:
816:
807:
802:
798:
797:
790:
789:
760:
754:
737:
727:(2): 129–155.
716:
710:
696:
694:
691:
689:
688:
681:
659:
634:
619:
617:, p. 152.
600:
598:, p. 143.
588:
573:
569:Gleijeses 1991
556:
549:
531:
524:
504:
457:
450:
417:
398:
396:, p. 131.
380:
378:
375:
371:Guatemala City
361:
358:
350:Peralta's coup
309:
306:
233:
230:
205:
204:
201:
200:
194:
190:
189:
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173:Guatemala City
170:(aged 87)
164:
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159:
141:
137:
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93:
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71:
63:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1351:
1349:
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1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
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1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Serrano Elías
1221:
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1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
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1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
993:López Requena
991:
989:
986:
984:
980:(since 1839);
978:
974:
969:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
935:
932:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
913:
910:
908:
905:
902:
899:
898:
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890:
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884:
881:
880:
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869:
865:
861:
854:
849:
847:
842:
840:
835:
834:
831:
822:
813:
812:
805:
799:
794:
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782:
778:
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770:
766:
761:
757:
751:
746:
745:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
713:
707:
703:
698:
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684:
678:
674:
670:
663:
660:
657:
651:
647:
646:
638:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
607:
605:
601:
597:
592:
589:
585:
584:Immerman 1982
580:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
561:
557:
552:
546:
542:
535:
532:
527:
521:
517:
516:
508:
505:
493:
489:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
468:
466:
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458:
453:
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430:
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409:
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403:
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368:
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290:
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277:
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270:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
218:Jacobo Árbenz
215:
211:
202:
198:
195:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
174:
165:
161:
158:
154:
142:
138:
133:
129:
126:
123:
117:
114:
111:
105:
99:
94:
91:
86:
82:
69:
64:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
1259:Pérez Molina
1170:
1102:Ponce Vaides
894:
893:
877:
809:
771:(2): 68–91.
768:
764:
743:
724:
720:
701:
672:
662:
655:
650:the original
644:
637:
591:
540:
534:
514:
507:
495:. Retrieved
491:
440:
363:
339:
327:
311:
292:population.
287:
273:
254:
238:Pueblo Nuevo
235:
209:
208:
168:(1982-10-27)
120:Succeeded by
97:
45:
41:
34:Spanish name
29:
1318:1982 deaths
1313:1895 births
907:de Aycinena
615:Gordon 1971
596:Gordon 1971
394:Gordon 1971
284:Jorge Ubico
257:Jorge Ubico
220:during the
199:(1901–1988)
108:Preceded by
77: 1958
1307:Categories
1294:† military
1275:Giammattei
1206:Ríos Montt
1069:M. Estrada
982:Presidents
939:Valenzuela
901:J. Estrada
815:1958–1963
377:References
360:Later life
250:San Marcos
242:Retalhuleu
226:San Marcos
153:Retalhuleu
146:1895-10-17
1290:* interim
1264:Maldonado
1053:Sinibaldi
918:Barrundia
889:Barrundia
785:143564997
497:9 January
342:air force
314:elections
252:in 1922.
177:Guatemala
157:Guatemala
98:In office
1244:Portillo
1194:Laugerud
1171:Ydígoras
1147:Castillo
1118:Toriello
1080:Orellana
1059:Barillas
1032:Aycinena
1009:Martínez
733:40401561
630:May 1999
413:May 1999
42:Ydígoras
32:In this
1280:Arévalo
1270:Morales
1234:de León
1177:Peralta
1159:Mendoza
1107:Junta (
1075:Herrera
1048:Barrios
1027:Carrera
1021:Paredes
1015:Escobar
1004:Carrera
951:Salazar
928:Márquez
912:Zenteno
693:Sources
289:mestizo
46:Fuentes
38:surname
1249:Berger
1228:Espina
1218:Cerezo
1183:Méndez
1165:Flores
1141:Monzón
1130:Árbenz
1114:Árbenz
1085:Chacón
999:Rivera
988:Rivera
957:Rivera
945:Rivera
934:Gálvez
923:Molina
783:
752:
731:
708:
679:
547:
522:
448:
193:Spouse
1254:Colom
1200:Lucas
1188:Arana
1110:Arana
1096:Ubico
1090:Reina
1064:Reina
1038:Cerna
781:S2CID
729:JSTOR
88:32nd
1239:Arzú
1135:Díaz
883:Díaz
750:ISBN
706:ISBN
677:ISBN
545:ISBN
520:ISBN
499:2019
446:ISBN
163:Died
140:Born
1116:†,
1112:†,
1104:* †
773:doi
330:CIA
40:is
1309::
1292:;
779:.
769:26
767:.
725:35
723:.
622:^
603:^
576:^
559:^
490:.
460:^
420:^
401:^
384:^
337:.
325:.
228:.
175:,
155:,
74:c.
1266:*
1230:*
1214:†
1208:†
1202:†
1196:†
1190:†
1179:†
1173:†
1167:*
1161:†
1155:*
1149:†
1143:†
1137:*
1121:)
1098:†
1092:*
1071:†
1055:*
1034:*
1023:*
1017:*
1011:*
995:*
959:*
953:*
947:*
941:*
930:*
914:*
903:*
885:*
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