197:
one of
Antequera's friends and seemingly acclimate himself to the political climate in Paraguay so rapidly suggests he did indeed meet Antequera in prison and receive information on the state of affairs. Mompox asserted the assent of the people as the basis for all political power, and did so in easy-to-digest popular speeches that common uneducated folk could follow along with. If Antequera had privately known of political philosophy that could allow defying a king in certain situations, Mompox made these philosophies public, and attracted many new colonists to his cause. Mompox quickly became the most influential person in the region, capable of rallying large groups of armed colonists to his cause, and helping ensure that the newly appointed governor for Paraguay,
141:, however, were supporters of the dismissed governor. They had been working actively to shelter the Indians from the forced-labor demands of the colonists, and were therefore resented by the colonists. Reyes Balmaseda had supported the Jesuits, and it was that connection that led to the colonists' call for his removal. After Antequera consolidated his power, he expelled the Jesuits.
231:
he too was pelted with stones. Fearing that
Antequera would escape, Armendáriz ordered the soldiers to shoot him, which they did. They then turned their guns on the crowd. Several priests were killed. Antequera's corpse was then taken from his place of death to the scaffold and beheaded. The head was displayed publicly.
126:. If the governor's guilt was established, Antequera was to remove him from office, occupy the office himself, and reestablish justice in the province. If, on the other hand, the governor was acquitted, Antequera was to wait until the expiration of his legal term in office, and then take over the government.
208:, the Viceroy of Peru. Antequera's lenient treatment ended; he was chained to a cell and refused permission to have visitors or talk with anyone other than the authorities. While Antequera and his supporters said he had nothing to do with events back in Paraguay, the government disagreed. The head of the
230:
Antequera's execution was scheduled for July 5, 1731. When
Antequera was brought to the Plaza de Armas, where he was to be beheaded, the crowd assembled there demanded his pardon and threw stones at his escort. Viceroy Armendáriz, who was in attendance, rode among the crowd to try to quiet them, but
196:
was also in Lima, and probably met
Antequera in prison at some point in 1727–1730. Mompox somehow escaped or was released in 1730, and made his way to Paraguay, where he stayed with and befriended Fernando Curtido, one of Antequera's allies. The fact that Mompox was able to immediately find
70:
to hand the
Governorship back to Reyes, and rallied the militia to fight off attempts by Spanish authorities to push him out of power. However, his position eventually became untenable, and under the threat of an overwhelming military response, he fled the governorship. He was eventually arrested
183:
in
Charcas, and taken to Lima. He received lenient treatment and was given liberties to travel within the jail and the city itself during the four years while his case was being heard. On September 4, 1728, Antequera sent a report to the Audiencia of Charcas, defending his actions in Paraguay.
217:
had recommended to the king, and the king accepted the recommendation, that there was sufficient evidence that
Antequera was guilty of the crime of treason, and his punishment should be in public so as to set an example for others. As treason was a
212:
searched
Antequera's cell and said he found a letter from Mompox to him, proving that he was continuing to instigate problems and spread treason. The situation for Antequera worsened when a letter from Madrid arrived in June 1731. The
179:, and from there he later fled to Charcas. Foolishly, he went to the Audiencia of Charcas to plead his case before his old friends and coworkers, but they were not going to protect him from the orders of the Viceroy. He was arrested at
133:
named
Antequera to take his place. Antequera became acting governor in August 1721. Reyes Balmaseda was restored in February 1722, but before the year was out, Antequera was again governor. He retained the position until March 5, 1725.
318:
168:
to suppress the rebellion and send
Antequera to Lima for trial. Zabala led an army which included 6,000 Indians from the Jesuit missions against Antequera. On instructions from King
205:
303:
175:
In the face of the army raised against them, Antequera's followers deserted him. In March 1725 he was forced to flee to a Franciscan convent in
129:
Reyes Balmaceda was removed as governor, and Antequera earned the sympathy of the Spanish settlers in Paraguay. After the removal of Reyes, the
287:
342:
408:
327:
75:
192:
Antequera might have escaped severe punishment had the situation in Paraguay stayed quiet, but it did not. Unrest there continued.
118:, Paraguay in 1721 as an inspector and member of the Audiencia there. His instructions were to investigate charges made by the
172:, Armendáriz ordered the Jesuits readmitted. (After some delay, they reoccupied their college in Asunción on March 18, 1728).
418:
358:
123:
59:
393:
365:
193:
337:
99:
55:
375:
165:
91:
161:
314:
63:
413:
209:
214:
180:
176:
95:
403:
398:
235:
39:
198:
283:
169:
130:
66:
for himself in 1721. He defended his position even against explicit instructions from the
238:
of Spain annulled the verdict against Antequera, declaring him a good and loyal minister.
67:
387:
219:
58:. He traveled to Paraguay to investigate allegations of corruption against Governor
145:
17:
38:(Panama, 1689—Peru, July 5, 1731) was a Panamanian lawyer and judge in the
115:
332:
149:
103:
74:
Antequera's actions would retrospectively be considered the start of the
51:
280:
The Colonial History of Paraguay: The Revolt of the Comuneros, 1721-1735
62:. Controversially, he found Reyes guilty and then took the position of
47:
21:
138:
43:
204:
News of Soroeta's rejection reached Lima in May 1731, enraging the
152:, and in a surprise raid there, Antequera took him prisoner.
122:(city council) of Asunción against the governor of Paraguay,
164:, now the viceroy in Lima, ordered Buenos Aires governor
282:. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
94:
before traveling to Spain. He became a knight of the
106:, now Bolivia) in charge of protecting the Indians.
86:Antequera y Castro was born in Panama. He was an
28: and the second or maternal family name is
148:under García Ros. Reyes Balmaseda had fled to
8:
328:His 1728 report to the Audiencia of Charcas
222:, this essentially sentenced him to death.
347:
247:
144:He then defeated a royalist force from
98:. He was public prosecutor before the
266:
254:
7:
76:Revolt of the Comuneros of Paraguay
14:
1:
315:Antequera and Reyes Balmaceda
359:Diego de los Reyes Balmaseda
124:Diego de los Reyes Balmaseda
114:He was sent from Charcas to
60:Diego de los Reyes Balmaseda
20:, the first or paternal
333:Dates of his administration
308:by R. B. Cunninghame Graham
435:
409:Viceroyalty of Peru people
366:Royal Governor of Paraguay
278:López, Adalberto (2007) .
201:, would be refused entry.
194:Fernando de Mompox y Zayas
36:José de Antequera y Castro
15:
372:
363:
355:
350:
338:The situation in Paraguay
100:Real Audiencia of Charcas
56:Real Audiencia of Charcas
376:Bruno Mauricio de Zabala
166:Bruno Mauricio de Zabala
92:Real Audiencia of Panama
206:Marquis of Castelfuerte
210:Real Audiencia of Lima
54:) who worked with the
419:Governors of Paraguay
215:Council of the Indies
64:Governor of Paraguay
351:Government offices
269:, pp. 119–125.
257:, pp. 112–117.
40:Viceroyalty of Peru
305:A Vanished Arcadia
199:Ignacio de Soroeta
162:José de Armendáriz
156:Defeat and capture
96:Order of Alcántara
394:Panamanian judges
382:
381:
373:Succeeded by
289:978-0-7658-0745-8
426:
356:Preceded by
348:
326:
313:
293:
270:
264:
258:
252:
188:Continued unrest
42:(then including
434:
433:
429:
428:
427:
425:
424:
423:
384:
383:
378:
369:
361:
324:
311:
300:
290:
277:
274:
273:
265:
261:
253:
249:
244:
228:
190:
158:
112:
90:(judge) in the
84:
68:Viceroy of Peru
33:
12:
11:
5:
432:
430:
422:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
386:
385:
380:
379:
374:
371:
362:
357:
353:
352:
346:
345:
340:
335:
330:
322:
309:
299:
298:External links
296:
295:
294:
288:
272:
271:
259:
246:
245:
243:
240:
234:In 1778, King
227:
224:
189:
186:
157:
154:
111:
108:
83:
80:
71:and executed.
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
431:
420:
417:
415:
414:Colonial Peru
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
389:
377:
368:
367:
360:
354:
349:
344:
343:His execution
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
323:
320:
316:
310:
307:
306:
302:
301:
297:
291:
285:
281:
276:
275:
268:
263:
260:
256:
251:
248:
241:
239:
237:
232:
225:
223:
221:
220:capital crime
216:
211:
207:
202:
200:
195:
187:
185:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
155:
153:
151:
147:
142:
140:
135:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
109:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
81:
79:
77:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
31:
27:
23:
19:
364:
325:(in Spanish)
312:(in Spanish)
304:
279:
262:
250:
233:
229:
203:
191:
174:
159:
146:Buenos Aires
143:
136:
128:
119:
113:
87:
85:
82:Early career
73:
35:
34:
29:
25:
18:Spanish name
404:1731 deaths
399:1689 births
321:2009-10-31)
236:Charles III
110:In Paraguay
388:Categories
370:1721–1725
267:López 2007
255:López 2007
242:References
181:Chuquisaca
150:Corrientes
226:Execution
160:In 1724,
104:Alto Peru
26:Antequera
319:Archived
170:Philip V
131:Criollos
116:Asunción
52:Paraguay
16:In this
177:Córdoba
139:Jesuits
120:cabildo
48:Bolivia
22:surname
286:
44:Panama
30:Castro
88:oidor
284:ISBN
137:The
50:and
24:is
390::
78:.
46:,
317:(
292:.
102:(
32:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.