186:. She denied the charges, saying that she had only been near the barricade because she had been carrying laundry for the troops, but she was sentenced to death in September 1871. She was defended not by a lawyer, but by a lieutenant, Guinez, whose assertion that poverty was to blame for her participation in the Commune found sympathetic ears in the trial audience, but not in the Council of War. Her sentence was commuted on 27 November 1871 to forced labour in perpetuity.
31:
171:; she was accused of looting, obscenity, and profanity, and was said to have declared, "if I am killed, I want to kill first!" Witnesses also said that she forced her lover to remain at the barricade when he wanted to desert.
333:
156:. She was from a disadvantaged background and had a difficult family situation. She herself spent six months in prison for theft, and her mother and sister were also incarcerated.
197:
on 20 February 1874. The cause of her death is unknown, and the date is uncertain; according to another source, she could still have been living in 1885, married to a gendarme.
167:, along with her lover, a butcher's assistant named Jean Guy. According to witnesses, she was at the barricade on the Rue de Lille on 22 and 23 May, with her rifle and
302:
485:
136:
in 1871. Arrested while carrying weapons, she was condemned to death. Her sentence was commuted to forced labour, and she was deported to
327:
480:
317:
247:
470:
294:
194:
175:
76:
193:, where she escaped the year following, on 20 November 1872. Recaptured on the 26th, she died in prison at
30:
442:
427:
183:
132:(13 April 1837 – 20 February 1874), was a French day labourer who was an active participant in the
432:
465:
460:
475:
323:
179:
164:
454:
190:
160:
137:
133:
117:
106:
168:
153:
446:. Translated by Atkinson, James; Atkinson, Starr. New York: George Braziller, Inc.
243:
96:
235:
368:
366:
149:
58:
174:
She was arrested carrying weapons and red scarves, along with
112:
102:
91:
83:
65:
40:
21:
295:"Les femmes durant la Commune de Paris (1871)"
159:In 1871, during the Paris Commune, she was a
148:Joséphine Marchais was born 13 April 1837 in
8:
319:Unruly Women of Paris: Images of the Commune
230:
29:
18:
322:. Cornell University Press. p. 207.
228:
226:
224:
222:
220:
218:
216:
214:
212:
210:
389:Alain Frerejean; Claire L'Hoer (2020).
206:
408:
404:
376:
372:
357:
353:
280:
276:
264:
260:
293:Bazire, Françoise (7 November 2018).
189:She was taken to the penal colony in
7:
431:. La suite des temps (in French).
14:
236:"Marchais, Joséphine, Marguerite"
486:People deported to French Guiana
305:from the original on 2022-01-21.
250:from the original on 2021-06-22.
35:Joséphine Marchais in 1871-1872.
391:Le siège et la Commune de Paris
336:from the original on 2022-06-30
116:Defendant in the trial of the
1:
126:Joséphine Marguerite Marchais
316:Gullickson, Gay L. (2018).
502:
393:. L'Archipel. p. 226.
28:
481:Deaths in French Guiana
195:Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
77:Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni
443:The Women Incendiaries
440:Thomas, Édith (1966).
425:Thomas, Édith (1963).
16:Communard (1837–1874)
356:, p. 1978-199;
407:, p. 203–204;
433:Éditions Gallimard
411:, p. 181-182.
23:Joséphine Marchais
471:People from Blois
180:Eulalie Papavoine
176:Élisabeth Rétiffe
123:
122:
69:February 20, 1874
493:
447:
436:
412:
402:
396:
394:
386:
380:
370:
361:
351:
345:
344:
342:
341:
313:
307:
306:
290:
284:
274:
268:
258:
252:
251:
232:
184:Léontine Suétens
72:
54:
52:
45:Joséphine Rabier
33:
19:
501:
500:
496:
495:
494:
492:
491:
490:
451:
450:
439:
428:Les Pétroleuses
424:
421:
416:
415:
403:
399:
388:
387:
383:
375:, p. 199;
371:
364:
352:
348:
339:
337:
330:
315:
314:
310:
292:
291:
287:
279:, p. 198;
275:
271:
263:, p. 198;
259:
255:
246:. 27 May 2021.
234:
233:
208:
203:
146:
79:
74:
70:
61:
56:
50:
48:
47:
46:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
499:
497:
489:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
453:
452:
449:
448:
437:
420:
417:
414:
413:
397:
381:
379:, p. 176.
362:
360:, p. 176.
346:
328:
308:
299:clionautes.org
285:
283:, p. 176.
269:
267:, p. 175.
253:
205:
204:
202:
199:
165:Enfants Perdus
145:
142:
121:
120:
114:
113:Known for
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
95:Day labourer,
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
75:
73:(aged 36)
67:
63:
62:
57:
55:April 13, 1837
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
498:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
456:
445:
444:
438:
434:
430:
429:
423:
422:
418:
410:
406:
401:
398:
392:
385:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
347:
335:
331:
329:9781501725296
325:
321:
320:
312:
309:
304:
301:(in French).
300:
296:
289:
286:
282:
278:
273:
270:
266:
262:
257:
254:
249:
245:
242:(in French).
241:
237:
231:
229:
227:
225:
223:
221:
219:
217:
215:
213:
211:
207:
200:
198:
196:
192:
191:French Guiana
187:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
143:
141:
139:
135:
134:Paris Commune
131:
127:
119:
115:
111:
108:
107:Paris Commune
105:
101:
98:
94:
92:Occupation(s)
90:
86:
82:
78:
68:
64:
60:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
441:
426:
419:Bibliography
400:
390:
384:
349:
338:. Retrieved
318:
311:
298:
288:
272:
256:
239:
188:
173:
169:Tyrolean hat
158:
154:Loir-et-Cher
147:
129:
125:
124:
103:Organization
71:(1874-02-20)
466:1874 deaths
461:1837 births
409:Thomas 1966
405:Thomas 1963
377:Thomas 1966
373:Thomas 1963
358:Thomas 1966
354:Thomas 1963
281:Thomas 1966
277:Thomas 1963
265:Thomas 1966
261:Thomas 1963
118:pétroleuses
84:Nationality
476:Communards
455:Categories
340:2022-06-30
244:Le Maitron
240:maitron.fr
201:References
161:vivandière
51:1837-04-13
144:Biography
97:communard
334:Archived
303:Archived
248:Archived
163:in the
326:
138:Guiana
130:Rabier
128:, née
87:French
150:Blois
59:Blois
324:ISBN
182:and
66:Died
41:Born
152:in
457::
365:^
332:.
297:.
238:.
209:^
178:,
140:.
435:.
395:.
343:.
53:)
49:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
