530:
586:
628:
614:
1178:"A sharp divide between Spiritualists and psychical researchers had already occurred in 1923, when pro-Spiritualist forces gained control of the American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR), ousted President William McDougall, and demoted Hyslop's chosen successor, the psychologist Walter Franklin Prince, who resigned in 1925. The ASPR lost 108 members in 1923, and the controversy over the claimed physical effects of the medium named "Margery" sealed the division."
558:
572:
1920:
190:
600:
544:
1932:
855:"The American Society took a more skeptical view of psychic phenomena than did its British counterpart, and, led by prominent men of science, was more open to mundane explanations. Still, initial research findings were disappointing, and the interest of many scientific members waned. Under the direction of nonscientists, the ASPR languished for many years."
352:
would famously declare in 1890: "To upset the conclusion that all crows are black, there is no need to seek demonstration that no crow is black; it is sufficient to produce one white crow; a single one is sufficient." Since his proclamation of Piper as his "one White Crow", the concept of the single
451:
claimed to have observed
Crandon in fraud in a séance in 1926. According to Rhine during the séance she was free from control and kicked a megaphone to give the impression it was levitating. Rhine's report that documented the fraud was refused by the ASPR, so he published in it in the
360:
as well as Piper obtaining information about her sitters by natural means such as her memory recalling information. According to James the "spirit-control" hypothesis of her mediumship was "somewhat incoherent, ambiguous, irrelevant, and, in some cases, demonstrably false—at best only
421:) led to the 'conservative' faction leaving and forming the rival Boston Society for Psychical Research in May, 1925. From this point on the ASPR remained highly sympathetic to Spiritualism until 1941, when the Boston Society for Psychical Research was reintegrated into the ASPR.
316:. He once wrote his son, "My work is missionary, not mercenary." The intended name for the new organization was, "The American Institute for Scientific Research" which Hyslop had organized into two sections for the investigation of two separate fields: "A" was to deal with
810:"The American Society for Psychical Research (ASPR), which James helped found in 1884, was initially populated by a number of early psychologists. These included James's student G. Stanley Hall, as well as James Mark Baldwin, Joseph Jastrow, and Christine Ladd-Franklin."
381:
became a member of the ASPR in 1907 and an assistant to James Hyslop until 1908, during which time he established his reputation as an ASPR investigator. However his connection with the ASPR ceased due to lack of funds. Carrington was the author the book
493:, but actually discovered by other BSPR members. In 1923, Prince described the Crandon case as "the most ingenious, persistent, and fantastic complex of fraud in the history of psychic research." The BSPR fell into obscurity following exposure of
401:
and skeptical of 'discarnate spirits' as an explanation for the phenomena studied, or simply skeptical of the phenomena's existence. In 1923 a prominent
Spiritualist, Frederick Edwards, was appointed President, and the conservative faction led by
769:. 1885, p. 83. "The Committee appointed consists of nine gentleman, viz: G. Stanley Hall (Chairman), E. C. Pickering, William James, Alpheus Hyatt, Samuel H. Scudder, H. P. Bowditch, C. S. Minot, William Watson, N. D. C. Hodges (Secretary)."
373:
harboring various personalities that pretended to be spirits or controls. In their view, Piper had subconsciously absorbed information that she later regurgitated as messages from "spirits" in her trances.
275:. Initial research findings were discouraging. By 1890, members such as Baldwin, Hall, Jastrow and Ladd-Franklin had resigned from the society. Hall and Jastrow became outspoken critics of parapsychology.
1664:
344:. This work was to be carried out by "B." The society remained in New York, where it remains as of 2015. During this period the ASPR was heavily involved in the investigation of medium
28:
202:
328:. Section "A" never got off the ground. But Section "B" became the new and reorganized ASPR. One of the Institute's aims was to organize and endow investigations into
201:'s visit to America that ultimately led to the formation of the American Society for Psychical Research in December, 1884. Barrett was invited by several members of the
1973:
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646:
465:
There was a significant split in the history of
American psychical research: the American Society for Psychical Research had become dominated by those sympathetic to
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James Hyslop died in 1920, and immediately strife broke out between the membership as the
Society divided into two factions, one broadly pro-
229:
529:
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290:
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585:
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declared that the
Society was becoming less academic. In the same year the ASPR lost 108 members. New members joined the society and
1963:
1904:
1848:
1218:
749:
723:
703:
627:
613:
473:; yet telepathy within the laws of undiscovered physics) for purported mediumship and was critical of the purported mediumship of
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133:
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656:
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173:, which are open to both members and the general public. The society has an open membership, anyone with an interest in
1468:
845:
American
Countercultures: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History
765:
17:
834:"Psychologists Hall, Baldwin, Joseph Jastrow, and Christine Ladd-Franklin... had dropped their affiliation by 1890."
1796:
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1669:
557:
1935:
1841:
1791:
1699:
1409:
661:
414:
a past
President and Prince both became alarmed at the number of "credulous spiritualists" that joined the ASPR.
305:, and Simon Newcomb and others left. Following the death of Hodgson in 1905 it achieved independence once more.
1890:
1578:
1453:
619:
535:
218:
206:
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took up the position as secretary of the recreated organization, with the work being done at his residence in
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believed Piper's mediumship had an entirely naturalistic explanation and no telepathy was involved. Hall and
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356:
After evaluating sixty-nine reports of Piper's mediumship
William James considered the hypothesis of
280:
324:
psychology. Its
Section "B" was to be concerned with what Hyslop called "supernormal psychology" or
1488:
1478:
1077:
417:
In 1925 Edwards was reappointed
President, and his support of the mediumistic claims of 'Margery' (
378:
485:
worked with the group. BSPR investigators were involved in the uncovering of the alleged fraud of
1448:
1298:
1168:
Science In The New Age: The Paranormal, Its Defenders & Debunkers, (Science & Literature)
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and Elwood Worcester. They were alarmed by the ASPR support for the purported medium Margery (
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1827:
1513:
1232:
1095:
497:, and was formally reincorporated into the American Society for Psychical Research in 1941.
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served as President. In 1889, a financial crisis forced the ASPR to become a branch of the
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1573:
1568:
1458:
1255:
549:
362:
317:
309:
233:
481:
it organised the investigation of Mina during the Scientific American Prize dispute, and
377:
On June 20, 1906, the ASPR had 170 members and by the end of November 1907, it had 677.
1714:
1633:
1618:
1598:
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1400:
403:
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73:
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563:
490:
482:
349:
345:
341:
313:
276:
253:
245:
222:
210:
170:
87:
1041:
William James at the Boundaries: Philosophy, Science, and the Geography of Knowledge
935:
Ghost Hunters: William James and the Search for Scientific Proof of Life After Death
189:
1869:
1603:
1553:
1443:
930:
494:
486:
474:
442:
418:
370:
333:
294:
165:) is the oldest psychical research organization in the United States dedicated to
293:
joined the ASPR in 1887 to serve as its secretary. In 1889, Fullerton, James and
1643:
1623:
1583:
1548:
1006:
Lives and Letters in American Parapsychology: A Biographical History, 1850–1987
1638:
1528:
1503:
1438:
1059:
864:
518:
and laboratory based approach, as distinct from the older psychical research.
366:
337:
225:
that the claims of psychical phenomena should be investigated scientifically.
462:
published an article in a Boston Newspaper claiming "J. B. Rhine is an Ass."
1628:
1345:
In Search of White Crows: Spiritualism, Parapsychology, and American Culture
1189:
In Search of White Crows: Spiritualism, Parapsychology, and American Culture
470:
398:
397:, indeed often Spiritualists, and the other 'conservative' faction favoring
369:, who observed some of the trances, explained the phenomena in terms of the
357:
329:
889:
Modernizing the Mind: Psychological Knowledge and the Remaking of Society
321:
177:
is invited to join. It maintains a website; and publishes the quarterly
1558:
966:
Psychical Research: A Guide to Its History, Principles & Practices
1323:. Proceedings of the American Society for Psychical Research. 1: 1–2.
1237:
Final SĂ©ance: The Strange Friendship Between Houdini and Conan Doyle
1210:
Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience: From Alien Abductions to Zone Therapy
1100:
Final SĂ©ance: The Strange Friendship Between Houdini and Conan Doyle
232:. The founding members who were also the first Vice-Presidents were
1331:
Facts, Frauds, and Phantasms: A Survey of the Spiritualist Movement
1029:(5th ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, Inc. p. 822.
514:
to English, and the methodology of modern parapsychology, with its
1483:
188:
1369:
469:; the Boston Society favored a naturalistic explanation (such as
228:
The first meetings of the society were held in the rooms of the
1373:
780:
The Mystery of Personality: A History of Psychodynamic Theories
1260:
The Search for Psychic Power: ESP and Parapsychology Revisited
386:
which exposed the tricks of fraudulent mediums. According to
696:
An Elusive Victorian: The Evolution of Alfred Russel Wallace
437:
of the ASPR. Other founding members were William McDougall,
433:(BSPR) was founded in April 1925 by former research officer
1665:
Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena
260:. The mathematician Simon Newcomb was the first President.
27:"ASPR" redirects here. For the U.S. government agency, see
353:"White Crow" has become a cliché in psychical re-search.
240:, Edward Charles Pickering, Henry Pickering Bowditch and
1364:
716:
The Varieties of Religious Experience: Centenary Essays
144:
987:
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research
679:
179:
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research
124:
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research
29:
Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response
18:
Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research
489:—including a number of revelations often credited to
458:. In response, defenders of Crandon attacked Rhine.
1805:
1784:
1771:
Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory
1723:
1652:
1416:
445:) and suppressing any reports unfavourable to her.
203:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
139:
129:
117:
107:
97:
79:
69:
59:
51:
43:
1877:Old Souls: The Scientific Evidence for Past Lives
390:, Carrington was not popular with spiritualists.
1685:International Association for Near-Death Studies
818:
816:
647:International Association for Near-Death Studies
1228:
1226:
1148:The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits
912:The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits
263:Other early members included the psychologists
1746:International Institute for Psychical Research
1305:. Boston: Boston Society for Psychic Research.
1125:The Perfect Medium: Photography and the Occult
1119:
1117:
1115:
952:
950:
822:Pickren, Wade; Rutherford, Alexandra. (2010).
1776:Society for the Study of Supernormal Pictures
1385:
1000:
998:
996:
8:
1884:Parapsychology: Frontier Science of the Mind
1027:Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology
38:
169:. It maintains offices and a library, in
1392:
1378:
1370:
1008:. McFarland & Company. pp. 51–55
37:
1761:National Laboratory of Psychical Research
824:A History of Modern Psychology in Context
690:
688:
455:Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology
1898:Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation
1170:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 25.
31:. For the U.S. military regulation, see
1974:1884 establishments in New York (state)
1660:American Society for Psychical Research
1150:. Guinness Publishing. pp. 48–50.
1043:. University Of Chicago Press. p. 127.
800:Self-Observation in the Social Sciences
733:
731:
698:. University of Chicago Press. p. 111.
680:American Society for Psychical Research
672:
525:
159:American Society for Psychical Research
39:American Society for Psychical Research
1239:. Prometheus Books. pp. 202–203.
1083:The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism
869:A Skeptic's Handbook of Parapsychology
652:Institut suisse des sciences noétiques
384:The Physical Phenomena of Spiritualism
33:Armed Services Procurement Regulations
1127:. Yale University Press. pp. 217-234
431:Boston Society for Psychical Research
230:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
205:. He persuaded intellectuals such as
7:
1979:Organizations based in New York City
1931:
1675:Institut MĂ©tapsychique International
744:. Harvard University Press. p. 381.
1191:. Oxford University Press. p. 176.
985:Hyslop, James (1907). "Editorial".
1736:British College of Psychic Science
285:American Psychological Association
283:left the ASPR in 1892 to form the
25:
1959:Organizations established in 1884
1905:Varieties of Anomalous Experience
1849:Journal of Scientific Exploration
802:. Transaction Publishers. p. 53.
1930:
1919:
1918:
626:
612:
598:
584:
570:
556:
542:
528:
193:Officers for the SPR (1884–1885)
1343:Robert Laurence Moore. (1977).
1187:Robert Laurence Moore. (1977).
914:. Guinness Publishing. p. 164.
718:. Imprint Academic. pp. 19–20.
477:in particular. Under President
1766:Oxford Phasmatological Society
1756:Metropolitan Psychical Society
1710:Society for Psychical Research
1534:Parapsychology research at SRI
303:Society for Psychical Research
244:. Other founding members were
134:Society for Psychical Research
1:
1835:Journal of Near-Death Studies
1695:Parapsychological Association
1544:Plant perception (paranormal)
1207:Williams, William F. (2000).
1086:. Herbert B. Turner & Co.
958:Psychical Research in America
657:Parapsychological Association
1731:American Psychical Institute
1690:Koestler Parapsychology Unit
1680:Institute of Noetic Sciences
1262:. Prometheus Books. p. 245.
1102:. Prometheus Books. p. 143.
1039:Francesca Bordogna. (2008).
871:. Prometheus Books. p. 551.
761:"Miscellaneous Intelligence"
742:Essays in Psychical Research
1469:Electronic voice phenomenon
1347:. Oxford University Press.
956:Mauskopf, Seymour. (1982).
766:American Journal of Science
500:In 1934 the BSPR published
1995:
1797:Skeptics of parapsychology
1751:London Dialectical Society
1670:College of Psychic Studies
1025:Melton, J. Gordon (2001).
510:, who introduced the term
361:circumstantial." However,
26:
1914:
1842:Journal of Parapsychology
1792:List of parapsychologists
1700:Parapsychology Foundation
1407:
1123:Clément Chéroux. (2005).
843:Misiroglu, Gina. (2015).
694:Fichman, Martin. (2004).
662:Outline of parapsychology
297:were Vice-Presidents and
1964:Paranormal organizations
1891:The Roots of Coincidence
1454:Dermo-optical perception
1320:Formation of the Society
1317:Anonymous. (1885–1889).
1303:Extra-Sensory Perception
778:Taylor, Eugene. (2009).
620:Edward Charles Pickering
536:Henry Pickering Bowditch
219:Henry Pickering Bowditch
207:Edward Charles Pickering
199:William Fletcher Barrett
1821:Extrasensory Perception
1814:An Experiment with Time
1741:Cambridge Ghost Society
1474:Extrasensory perception
1424:Apparitional experience
1278:Thomas Tietze. (1973).
1004:Arthur Berger. (1988).
503:Extrasensory Perception
299:Samuel Pierpont Langley
273:Christine Ladd-Franklin
238:George Stuart Fullerton
64:Non-profit organization
1519:Out-of-body experience
887:Ward, Steven. (2002).
634:Samuel Hubbard Scudder
592:Charles Sedgwick Minot
479:Walter Franklin Prince
435:Walter Franklin Prince
408:Walter Franklin Prince
258:Samuel Hubbard Scudder
242:Charles Sedgwick Minot
194:
1724:Defunct organizations
1705:Rhine Research Center
1509:Near-death experience
1068:. New York: Appleton.
962:Ivor Grattan-Guinness
891:.Praeger. pp. 43–44.
847:. Routledge. p. 244.
516:quantitative research
215:Alexander Graham Bell
192:
113:Psychical researchers
1653:Active organizations
1539:Past life regression
1282:. Harper & Row.
1213:. Routledge. p. 40.
1166:David Hess. (1993).
1065:Studies in Spiritism
281:James Jackson Putnam
86:5 West 73rd Street,
1489:Kirlian photography
1479:Ganzfeld experiment
1078:Hereward Carrington
782:. Springer. p. 30.
379:Hereward Carrington
40:
1449:Deathbed phenomena
1299:Joseph Banks Rhine
968:. Aquarian Press.
508:Joseph Banks Rhine
460:Arthur Conan Doyle
449:Joseph Banks Rhine
388:Arthur Conan Doyle
265:James Mark Baldwin
195:
175:psychical research
1946:
1945:
1564:Psychic detective
1524:Pam Reynolds case
1429:Astral projection
1353:978-0-19-502259-9
1339:978-0-385-05305-1
1327:Georgess McHargue
1288:978-0-06-068235-4
1268:978-0-87975-533-1
1245:978-1-57392-896-0
1197:978-0-19-502259-9
1176:978-0-299-13824-0
1156:978-0-85112-748-4
1133:978-0-300-11136-1
1108:978-1-57392-896-0
1049:978-0-226-06652-3
1014:978-0-89950-345-5
974:978-0-85030-316-2
943:978-0-14-303895-5
937:. Penguin Books.
920:978-0-85112-748-4
897:978-0-275-97450-3
877:978-0-87975-300-9
853:978-0-7656-8060-0
832:978-0-470-27609-9
808:978-1-4128-4949-4
798:Clegg, Joshua W.
788:978-0-387-98103-1
714:Ferrari, Michel.
412:William McDougall
371:subconscious mind
342:kinetic phenomena
155:
154:
16:(Redirected from
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1934:
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1863:Life Before Life
1828:Irreducible Mind
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1609:Sensory leakage
1574:Psychic surgery
1569:Psychic reading
1499:Materialization
1459:Dream telepathy
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1312:Further reading
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363:G. Stanley Hall
318:psychopathology
310:James H. Hyslop
291:Richard Hodgson
250:N. D. C. Hodges
234:G. Stanley Hall
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1599:Retrocognition
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1594:Remote viewing
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1401:Parapsychology
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109:Membership
60:Legal status
44:Abbreviation
1644:Zener cards
1624:Telekinesis
1584:Pyrokinesis
1579:Psychometry
1549:Poltergeist
865:Kurtz, Paul
348:about whom
1953:Categories
1639:Xenoglossy
1529:Paranormal
1504:Mediumship
1494:Levitation
1439:Bilocation
1329:. (1972).
1258:. (1989).
1235:. (2001).
1146:. (1994).
1098:. (2001).
1080:. (1907).
1062:. (1910).
1060:Amy Tanner
933:. (2006).
910:. (1994).
867:. (1985).
740:. (1986).
668:References
367:Amy Tanner
338:mediumship
119:Main organ
1629:Telepathy
1464:Ectoplasm
1301:. (1934)
826:. Wiley.
471:telepathy
399:telepathy
358:telepathy
330:telepathy
308:In 1906,
52:Formation
1925:Category
989:: 1, 38.
641:See also
522:Founders
322:abnormal
80:Location
1937:Commons
1559:Psychic
1410:Outline
1280:Margery
682:website
197:It was
185:History
140:Website
90:, 10023
70:Purpose
1785:People
1484:Ghosts
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1434:Auras
960:. In
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429:The
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157:The
149:.com
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1514:Orb
964:.
512:ESP
320:or
145:www
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