441:, who formerly served as the last Lord Mayor of Pest (1867–1868), argued that "Buda generally has no future" which can only be a burden for the industrializing and growing Pest. He added that Buda is "not a Hungarian town", referring to the large number of German-speaking residents. Scholar József Göőz also argued that during severe winters the two main parts of Budapest were almost completely isolated from each other, and he also emphasized their continuing persistent self-interest. Journalist Péter Buza compared the city's unification to a marriage: " there is no real trust between each other. What kind of marriage is this? No doubt, like all other similar cases. One party is forcing its will on the other." However these skeptical voices were in the minority. For the coming years, a new "Budapest elite" emerged, overcoming the old urban
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1893, increasing the importance of district offices (called prefectures at the time). He considered the development of district administrations as indispensable, reducing the overloading of the "water-headed"-type central city management. Accordingly, local public health, technical infrastructure, and public service agencies were established by district. Consequently, the prefects of the districts became authorities of first instance in city affairs. However, Kamermayer and his staff, who represented the concept of a unified city, rejected the idea that the prefects should be elected by their local assemblies, fearing the danger of constant fragmentation. Thus the prefect was appointed by the
General Assembly.
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resulting in many homeless people being deported from the city centre. The annual budgets marginally addressed the problem of individual aid systems, however numerous social institutions were created over the years. The communal poorhouse was expanded, and several free public baths were established. New correctional facilities were also built. The small number of hospitals was a serious problem, and they often struggled with overcrowding. There was no solution forthcoming for this. In 1876, the Saint Roch
Hospital was extended with new buildings, while the first psychiatric institution (
505:(1875–1890). He argued that several elements of the administrative law were inapplicable to Budapest's conditions. Above all, every document issued by the local government council had to be signed by Kamermayer himself which made the smooth flow of administration difficult. The Mayor tried unsuccessfully to initiate amendments to the law over the decades. Kamermayer and his colleagues also criticized the government's intent to diminish the city's autonomy. In other cases, the General Assembly was forced to take on government duties, which resulted in an increase in budget expenditures.
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370:). The structure was preceded by years of preparation. A delegation led by Kamermayer made study visits to several cities, including: Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Frankfurt, Prague, and Vienna. He studied their facilities before making the necessary improvements and reforms in Pest. His political creed had become that of catching up to Western urban living standards. To achieve this he was convinced that the most important first step was the creation and centralized management of a public sanitation system. The communal slaughterhouse building complex was planned by architect
487:, the mayor was an administrative rather than a political position, as the law on classification of civil servants (Statute I of 1883) required the office-holder be a legal and political science graduate. A lot of the administration was concentrated in Kamermayer's hands, for example: civil registration of births, marriages, citizenship naturalization, and the authorisation of water management. As a result, during this period Budapest's administrative system was often called "water-headed". Journalist and councillor Ambrus Neményi (uncle of mathematician
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708:. With this amount, the city administration intended to finance its educational and public utility investment programs. Initially, it received a loan of only 6 million forint from foreign banks. As a result, the General Assembly began to implement the plan for a new modern sewerage system. While the Public Works Council supported the principle of artificial water filtration, Kamermayer and his colleagues opted for a system of natural filtering. Under the direction of chief architect
797:. The first phase lasted from 1872 to 1883 with minimal construction occurring because of the economic crisis of 1873. During this time only twenty-three public facilities were built along the boulevard, including the above-mentioned People's Theatre and Nyugati Railway Terminal. At the time of Kamermayer's second mayoral term, the government and the city administration accelerated the work. Between 1884 and 1890, 106 buildings were constructed and the route between
491:) pointed out the negative effects of the city's bureaucracy during the budget negotiations of 1886; he said the city administration lacked a sense of initiative and managed only routine duties. In response, Gerlóczy referred to the limited margin for maneuver laid down by administrative law. However, from a different angle, Kamermayer had much greater autonomy than mayors of towns in the countryside. Károly Ráth, as lord mayor, had much less jurisdiction than
716:, the first permanent waterworks was built in Budaújlak in 1881, which still operates today as the oldest such facility in Budapest. Initially, the waterworks produced 21,000 m³ of water, ensuring the supply of Buda and Óbuda. Later, through water conduit pipes added to the Margaret Bridge, Pest has also benefited from the production of drinking water. Later, between 1893 and 1904, another waterworks was built in Káposztásmegyer (today part of
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770:, and was designed to reduce the heavy traffic on Király Street which ran parallel to it. It was decreed to be built in 1870, and its construction began in 1872. The first phase of the avenue was already inaugurated on 20 August 1876. Along the avenue palaces, financed by Hungarian and other banking houses, were built by the most distinguished architects of the time, led by
362:, he was elected councillor in the Pest assembly on 19 May 1867. In that capacity, he was responsible for public health, animal health, and public sanitation issues, and also oversaw the operation of business associations, guilds, and the city tax office. On 1 August 1872, he played a major role in the establishment of the Central City Communal Slaughterhouse (
974:. Kamermayer was on sick leave more and more frequently in the following months. In October 1896, he announced his retirement and that he did not intend to participate in the upcoming municipal election of 1897. The General Assembly made Kamermayer an honorary citizen of Budapest on 4 November 1896. He was replaced by József Márkus on 25 November 1896.
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requirements was also priority. His infrastructure investment aims, such as the construction of a modern sewerage system, and the establishment of new market halls, also served his public health efforts. However the local authority had only limited financial opportunities in that regard, though
Kamermayer could use his informal influence at the
1002:. His colleague and close ally, Lord Mayor Károly Ráth passed away less than two months later, on 30 July 1897. Deputy Mayor Károly Gerlóczy ran unsuccessfully for the position of Mayor following Kamermayer's resignation. As a result, he too retired at the end of 1897, thereby completely passing the city administration to a new generation.
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848:, introduced on 28 November 1887, ran between Nyugati Railway Terminal and Király Street. The track gauge of this first line was 1,000 mm (39 in) and electricity was supplied to the cars from below to avoid cables hanging across the street. On 20 July 1889, the second line, which spanned from Egyetem Square to Fiumei Road via
867:, opened its doors with eight departments and 656 beds. Kamermayer also decreed that epidemiological measures had to be taken including, among other things: compulsory notification and isolation of infectious diseases, and the institutional organization of disinfection by the health authorities. During the National Exhibition of 1885
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damaging several areas in
Budapest. In the winter of 1876, icy flood waters swept away buildings and parts of the low wharves of Buda and Óbuda. Pest survived unharmed by the flood because of its existing drainage system. During the emergency, Kamermayer demonstrated his organizational and management
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As the contemporary press and politicians noted, Budapest came under the rule of the three Károlys: Lord Mayor Ráth, Mayor
Kamermayer, and Deputy Mayor Gerlóczy, who remained in office over the next two decades. Between them, a close professional and collegial relationship had developed. In the early
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for the position of Mayor. According to the city unification law (Statute XXXVI of 1872), the Mayor of
Budapest was head of the local government, while the Lord Mayor became a representative on the executive branch of the government thus establishing a two-tier local government system in Budapest. On
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Following the defeat, he successfully avoided enforced military conscription to the
Austrian Imperial Army. He returned to Pest to finish his interrupted legal studies. Having done so he began to work as an inspector in the city jail. In 1857 he took part in the management of the census process for a
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His fourth and last mayoral term began after the 1891 municipal election, which was accompanied by violent struggles due to political instability after the fall and resignation of Kálmán Tisza. Kamermayer played a significant role in the establishment of a new administrative structure in
Budapest in
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4 November 1873, Károly
Kamermayer was elected the first Mayor of Budapest, obtaining 297 of 348 votes. According to the contemporary press, Kamermayer's "unpretentious and diligent habit, conscientious sense of duty and tireless perseverance" made him well suited to fill the office. The next day,
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in late 1860s, proved to be a flawed professional decision. The temporary waterworks, established in 1868, delivered mixed, artificially filtered and unfiltered water which caused a deterioration in the quality of potable water resulting in several public health threats. Supply interruptions also
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In his inaugural speech after taking the oath, Kamermayer emphasized the importance of the principles of thrift and the need to establish national unity in
Budapest. He also underlined that, in addition to adoption of a frugal budget, the creation of the preconditions for the population's comfort
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and built by Gyula Hennicker. It contained thirty cutting chambers, indoor courtyards, leather drying attics, underground cooling chambers, a self-contained sewerage system, and a separate cattle market which was suitable for accommodating five thousand livestock and tens of thousands of poultry.
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following a large ceremonial funeral procession on 1 April 1894. Out of respect for Francis Joseph and his Austrian counterpart, the Hungarian cabinet did not have an official representative at the event. Kamermayer also had to stay away from the funeral. Budapest was represented by Deputy Mayor
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began and the first horse-drawn sweeping machines appeared on the streets of Budapest. The Public Food and Supply Department was also established in 1885. Its most important task was the organization of the market halls' system begun in the 1890s. The Kamermayer administration also founded a new
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of Budapest by the General Assembly on 14 September 1892. The Mayor personally led a delegation to Turin, Italy, where Kossuth spent his last years in exile, to hand over the certificate of honorary citizenship to his old mentor and idol. Following Kossuth's death on 20 March 1894, Kamermayer
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Kamermayer led Budapest as a non-partisan and apolitical manager. However, it was known that he sympathized with the opposition which represented the '48 ideology and rejected the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. There was a striking manifestation of this. When Lajos Kossuth turned 90, at
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Social affairs were conducted through the lens of the importance of sanitation. Therefore, the Kamermayer administration treated the issue of homelessness as a matter of law enforcement. The ordinance of poverty regulation, issued by the General Assembly in 1875, also reflected this attitude
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Kamermayer married Klotild Sebastiani de Remete et Pogányest (1839–1911) on 13 July 1863. His wife came from a wealthy bourgeoisie family of Italian and Greek origin, which was granted nobility before 1848. They had two daughters, Irma (born 1866) and Anna Alojzia (born 1870). Kamermayer's
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Following the municipal election held on 19 September 1879, Kamermayer was re-elected Mayor of Budapest for another six-year term. After the end of the Long Depression, the General Assembly was able to adopt a more ambitious budget, which included a proposal to borrow 20 million
591:, did not yet allow that kind of substantial investment. During Kamermayer's first mayoral term (1873–1879), only frugal budgets were adopted. During that period, investment spending decreased from 32 (1874) to 12 percent (1879), compared to the rate of ordinary revenues.
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were elected his first and second deputies, respectively, and all councillors took their offices by November 11. Budapest officially became a single city on 17 November 1873, when the General Assembly took over the responsibilities of the discontinued city councils.
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His personal prestige project, the Great Market Hall was completed just after his retirement, and Kamermayer participated in the opening ceremony as an ordinary citizen. His illness progressed to an advanced stage. He left for medical treatment at Abbazia (today
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in April 1861, demanding the revival of the 1848 revolution's constitutional spirit. The speech brought him widespread national and political acclaim. After the dissolution of the Diet of 1861, and the suspension of the local government system by Emperor-King
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and Király Street was almost completely rebuilt with several municipal flats, iron factories, tanning-yards, and clothes factories. The third phase was launched in 1891, during Kamermayer's last term, and continued until the 1896 millennium celebrations. The
449:(lit. Golden Eagle Inn). It acted as a lobbying group, determining the city's policy orientations and objectives. During these gatherings, Kamermayer was famous for his taste in refined gastronomy. The Kamermayer torte, also known as Kamermayer's Joy (
896:. Kamermayer stressed the importance of permanent and reliable markets, which were able to serve the needs of the rapidly growing population. In his work, Kamermayer cited examples primarily from London and Paris. The most impressive market was the
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in Vienna. He also initiated a visit to Budapest by the world exposition's international jury. As a result, Kamermayer was given the title of royal counselor by Francis Joseph on 8 December 1873. In 1875, 1876, and 1878 large storms coming from the
941:. Organized by the Hungarian state, the City Park was the main venue for the events. The celebrations became the symbol of the Golden Age of Budapest, which corresponded with Kamermayer's terms as mayor. Within the project, the construction on the
735:, and contributed significantly to the growth of Budapest as a centre of the milling industry. With the rental of these warehouses, and the tax revenues, the city avoided long-term indebtedness, even after borrowing large amounts of money. A
355:'s absolutist regime, the entire General Assembly, including Kamermayer, resigned in protest on 31 October 1861. However, he was appointed councillor on 24 November, because of his expertise and apolitical professional attitude.
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Notwithstanding the reduction in spending, numerous significant investments were made during Kamermayer's first mayoral term (though, many of them were initiated and launched before the unification). The first People's Theatre
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During the last years of his mayoral term, Kamermayer's health deteriorated. Moreover, he faced increasingly harsher resistance in the General Assembly as Hungarian national politics became cloudy during the premiership of
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along with several other 1848 veterans and re-entrant officials. On 1 February 1861, he was appointed the chief notary of Buda. He gave a memorable speech on the occasion of the one-year anniversary of the suicide of Count
495:(or Lord Lieutenants) of the counties because of the restrictions on who could vote. This allowed the upper middle class and the elite senior administrative bureaucracy in Budapest wide room to maneuver.
774:. These were largely finished by 1884 and mostly aristocrats, bankers, landowners, and old established families moved in. In 1885, the road was named after the main supporter of the plan Prime Minister
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between 1873 and 1896. During his tenure, the city grew into the country's administrative, political, economic, trade, and cultural hub, and Budapest had become one of the cultural centers of Europe.
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852:, was opened. It was designed so that in case of a power failure steam engines could tow the carriages. The third line, also standard gauge, was opened on 10 September 1889, and ran from the
257:), the law students and junior clerks who supported the ideas of reform and progress represented by the liberal aristocracy at the Lower House of the Diet. After the outbreak of the
226:. His mother, Anna Emmerling, was a descendant of a patrician family in Pest. Károly Kamermayer (who initially also wrote his name with double "m") finished his secondary studies in
747:), which functioned until World War II. Despite the fact that it was an urban project, the city administration leased the Elevator to the Hungarian Exchange Bank for sixty years.
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Kamermayer, who intended to run for a third mayoral term, faced a harsh and tough battle during the 1885 municipal election. In the city centre a rival bloc, supported by the
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Between 1880 and 1883, several warehouses were established in the city suitable for the storage of 50 thousand tons of grain. Consequently, this investment boosted the local
833:, "a tight inner circle has built up autocracy on the city's affairs". Despite the sharp words, Kamermayer and the "Eagles" won a convincing majority in the city centre. In
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began in 1894. Completed by the deadline, it was inaugurated on 2 May 1896 by Francis Joseph. It is the second oldest underground railway in the world (the first being the
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Kamermayer successfully ensured that Hungarian entrepreneurs from Budapest and elsewhere were able to exhibit their products (for instance, Hungary's first
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The crowning achievement of his 23-year term was the 1896 millennium celebrations, lasting from 2 May to 31 October, commemorating the anniversary of the
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863:, was established on 5 August 1885 in the Üllői Street and became the most prominent health investment of the Kamermayer era. The hospital, which had a
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Nevertheless, Kamermayer had to raise numerous jurisdictional conflicts with the national cabinet during the governance of the powerful and charismatic
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clearly showed the system's deficiencies and weaknesses. Even Lindley suggested the establishment of an advanced and permanent waterworks. However the
793:'s original plan for the construction of navigable channels, the city administration designated the boulevard's route from the Margaret Bridge to the
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in 1849. On 24 April 1849 he arrived in Pest with the engineer corps under the leadership of Colonel István Szekulics, which occupied and guarded the
994:), where he died on 5 June 1897, six months after his resignation. He was buried in the Kerepesi Cemetery following a solemn funeral procession. His
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970:. In November 1895, his draft in connection with the market halls construction project was outvoted following a motion by fellow councillor
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The city administration had to face a number of difficult problems beside natural disasters and floods in the first period. By 1873–74, the
445:. Both Ráth and Kamermayer were members of the so-called "Eagles", an influential intellectual group, which permanently convened at the
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Sipos, András (2008). ""Dualizmus" a főváros élén. A főpolgármesteri és a polgármesteri intézmény, 1873–1950". In Feitl, István (ed.).
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years, in addition to the promoters' voices, there were serious concerns regarding the benefits of the unification. For instance,
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Kamermayer's greatest personal success was the development of a network of market halls in the 1890s. Along with his successor
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supported the government in a politically sensitive case. Kossuth's body was brought to Budapest, where he was buried in the
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held its inaugural session on 25 October 1873, as a major step in the process of establishing Budapest by unifying Buda and
272:. He was later promoted to lieutenant in the 61st Battalion commanded by Major Pál Csuzy. He participated in the battles of
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Katona, Csaba (2010). "A főpolgármester és a polgármester: amikor Ráth Károly és Kamermayer Károly Budapest élére került".
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619:, opened its doors on 15 October 1875, the opening ceremony was also attended by Francis Joseph and his son, Crown Prince
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government, ran in the election against the "Eagles" which was open towards the parliamentary opposition, especially the
623:. The city administration collected the expenditures through donations and aid. Kamermayer emphasized the development of
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construction company between 1872 and 1876 becoming the second permanent bridge in Budapest after the Chain Bridge. The
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On 30 October 1873, four candidates, including Kamermayer, were selected by an election commission headed by Lord Mayor
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Horváth J., András (2010). "Önkormányzati képviselő-választások, 1867–1912". In Feitl, István; Ignácz, Károly (eds.).
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1022:, in front of the Gerlóczy Café, where a life-size statue, conceived by sculptor Béla Szabados, was erected in 1942.
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on 14 May 1829, the son of wealthy industrialist József Kammermayer, who worked as operations manager at Count
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Based on previous enhancements, the New Hospital (after 1894, Saint Stephen Hospital), designed by
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on the west bank of the river Danube, with Pest on its east bank. The assembly elected the first
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194:(14 May 1829 – 5 June 1897) was a Hungarian jurist and councillor, who served as the first
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and its spread among Budapest's bourgeoisie many of whom were still of German origin. The
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After the municipal election held on 25–26 September 1873, the newly elected 400-member
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Kamermayer began his political career as a deputy at the Diet of 1847–1848 during the
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was founded on 14 November 1875. By 1879, the academy relocated to a three-story
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was put into operation on 24 June 1874, the whole line was built according to
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in 1897, it is located at the end of the Váci Street on the Pest side of the
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555:, and also organized fundraising for the victims of the 1879 Great Flood in
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Kamermayer personally wrote a draft of the communal sanitation regulations.
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Budapest története IV. A márciusi forradalomtól az őszirózsás forradalomig
766:("The Aristocrat of the Roads"), which links the inner city areas with the
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900:, the largest and oldest indoor market in Budapest. Designed and built by
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210:, he came from a bourgeois family of German origin, which had settled in
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Horváth J., András (2008). "Kamermayer Károly". In Feitl, István (ed.).
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A főváros élén. Budapest főpolgármesterei és polgármesterei, 1873–1950
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A főváros élén. Budapest főpolgármesterei és polgármesterei, 1873–1950
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neighborhoods over the railway lines, was already completed in 1874).
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320:, who defended Komárom for two months even after the army's defeat.
892:, he had described his idea in May 1882, releasing a report titled
1014:), who was candidate for the position of Mayor of Budapest in the
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in Városház Street, remained the office of Budapest's Mayor). The
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The first electric trams in front of the Nyugati Railway Terminal
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The most grandiose project in the 1880s was the construction of
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for which he received royal acknowledgment from Francis Joseph.
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daily wage, then became a secretary. After the adoption of the
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Draveczky, Balázs (1998). "A "Sasok" és Kamermayer Károly".
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among the three candidates nominated by countersignature of
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Construction of the Hungarian underground line in 1896
778:. Connecting to that project, a new railway terminal (
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810:, and the Royal Hotel were built during this period.
720:), completing the water network throughout the city.
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abilities and in recognition of this was awarded the
234:, then studied law at the University of Pest (today
651:. In the same year, the New City Hall was built on
341:in 1860, he was elected to the General Assembly of
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1608:(in Hungarian). Napvilág Kiadó. pp. 139–153.
829:. According to a journalist of the pro-government
876:were established in working-class neighborhoods.
872:orphanage and a municipal hospice, while several
1675:(in Hungarian). Napvilág Kiadó. pp. 11–26.
1629:(in Hungarian). Napvilág Kiadó. pp. 13–55.
1625:Önkormányzati választások Budapesten, 1867–2010
1018:. A small square was named after Kamermayer in
949:), and was the first on the European mainland.
551:. He gave protection to refugees following the
574:system in Pest, designed by British engineer
8:
553:Occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878
785:Another project was the development of the
52:4 November 1873 – 25 November 1896
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939:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
474:The Old City Hall, residence of Kamermayer
308:attacked the Hungarian army on 20 June at
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1006:great-great-great-grandson is politician
924:Kamermayer's initiative, he was awarded
693:Első Magyar Hülyenevelő és Ápoló Intézet
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981:Statue of Károly Kamermayer in Budapest
961:Kamermayer's funeral procession in 1897
332:The Communal Slaughterhouse around 1905
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249:'s so-called "parliamentary youth" (
214:in the 18th century. He was born in
1656:: Local Government of Győr: 47–55.
579:occurred on a permanent basis. The
280:, and others during the victorious
1834:Hungarian people of German descent
1597:. Akadémiai Kiadó. pp. 45–51.
934:Gerlóczy, who also made a speech.
894:Memoir Concerning the Market Halls
625:Hungarian as the national language
14:
1696:(in Hungarian). Akadémiai Kiadó.
1595:Tanulmányok Budapest Múltjából 27
549:Order of the Iron Crown 3rd Class
296:on 21 May 1849. He marched with
292:. Kamermayer also fought in the
1839:Eötvös Loránd University alumni
780:Budapest Keleti railway station
483:. During the dual monarchy of
245:. In early 1848, he was among
1:
854:Hungarian Academy of Sciences
827:Party of Independence and '48
699:Infrastructure and sanitation
649:Riggenbach's cog-wheel system
531:Zsolnay Porcelain Manufacture
404:after consultations with the
1809:Jurists from Austria-Hungary
587:, followed by the so-called
566:The People's Theatre in 1877
390:General Assembly of Budapest
259:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
232:Archbishopric Lyceum of Eger
188:when mentioning individuals.
1690:Vörös, Károly, ed. (1978).
384:Election and administration
360:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
1855:
856:(MTA) to Andrássy Avenue.
645:Budapest Cog-wheel Railway
175:
1829:People from Pest, Hungary
1770:
1753:
1743:
1734:
1719:
1714:
998:was designed by sculptor
415:Károly Kamermayer in 1873
170:
80:
45:
34:
25:
669:Nyugati Railway Terminal
600:Nyugati Railway Terminal
581:1872–73 cholera epidemic
465:Coat of arms of Budapest
236:Eötvös Loránd University
184:. This article uses
176:The native form of this
1016:2014 municipal election
908:(completed in 1896) at
839:Tiszaeszlár blood libel
457:) was named after him.
443:political voting blocks
982:
962:
920:
818:
759:
728:
692:
612:
603:
567:
518:
517:The 1876 flood in Buda
475:
467:
454:
416:
367:
333:
254:
980:
960:
918:
869:regular waste removal
816:
753:
726:
635:building designed by
597:
565:
529:and ceramic works by
516:
509:Depression of 1873–79
473:
463:
414:
402:King Francis Joseph I
331:
306:Imperial Russian Army
284:commanded by General
953:Retirement and death
926:honorary citizenship
846:electric tram system
727:The Elevator in 1883
712:and mining engineer
665:Ernest Goüin et Cie.
617:Fellner & Helmer
540:Transdanubian region
406:Ministry of Interior
372:Hermann von der Hude
243:Hungarian Reform Era
206:Also referred to as
481:national parliament
255:országgyűlési ifjak
1824:Mayors of Budapest
1819:Hungarian soldiers
1715:Political offices
983:
963:
947:London Underground
921:
865:pavilion structure
819:
789:. After rejecting
760:
729:
695:) opened in 1877.
657:Deák Ferenc Square
615:), constructed by
604:
568:
519:
476:
468:
439:Móric Szentkirályi
417:
334:
312:and on 28 June at
230:. He attended the
186:Western name order
148:Klotild Sebastiani
63:Office established
1814:Hungarian jurists
1787:
1786:
1782:
1765:
1744:Succeeded by
1737:Mayor of Budapest
1731:
1682:978-963-9697-19-5
1646:Győri Tanulmányok
1636:978-963-9697-79-9
1615:978-963-9697-19-5
931:Kerepesi Cemetery
898:Great Market Hall
663:was built by the
639:built on today's
535:1873 World's Fair
379:Mayor of Budapest
222:'s glassworks in
196:mayor of Budapest
192:Károly Kamermayer
182:Kamermayer Károly
174:
173:
40:Mayor of Budapest
20:Károly Kamermayer
1846:
1777:
1771:Preceded by
1760:
1754:Preceded by
1726:
1720:Preceded by
1712:
1707:
1686:
1665:
1640:
1619:
1598:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1535:
1526:
1520:
1511:
1505:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1442:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1310:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1269:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1159:
1153:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1052:
1046:
943:first metro line
861:Alajos Hauszmann
523:steam locomotive
455:Kamermayer öröme
447:Arany Sas Fogadó
428:and the elderly
353:Francis Joseph I
348:István Széchenyi
119:
99:
97:
85:Personal details
71:
59:
50:
30:
16:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1776:
1766:
1759:
1749:
1740:
1732:
1725:
1710:
1704:
1689:
1683:
1668:
1643:
1637:
1622:
1616:
1601:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1544:
1538:Horváth J. 2008
1536:
1529:
1521:
1514:
1508:Horváth J. 2010
1506:
1499:
1493:Horváth J. 2010
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1434:
1428:Horváth J. 2010
1426:
1422:
1416:Horváth J. 2008
1414:
1401:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1343:
1337:Horváth J. 2008
1335:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1313:Horváth J. 2008
1311:
1302:
1296:Horváth J. 2008
1294:
1290:
1282:
1278:
1272:Horváth J. 2008
1270:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1175:Horváth J. 2008
1173:
1162:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1129:Horváth J. 2010
1127:
1123:
1117:Horváth J. 2008
1115:
1108:
1102:Horváth J. 2008
1100:
1096:
1090:Horváth J. 2008
1088:
1084:
1078:Horváth J. 2008
1076:
1072:
1064:
1055:
1049:Horváth J. 2008
1047:
1032:
1028:
955:
882:
804:New York Palace
787:Grand Boulevard
764:Andrássy Avenue
756:Andrássy Avenue
737:bucket elevator
701:
671:, built by the
661:Margaret Bridge
641:Andrássy Avenue
633:Neo-Renaissance
589:Long Depression
576:William Lindley
544:Central Hungary
511:
485:Austria-Hungary
426:Károly Gerlóczy
386:
381:
339:October Diploma
326:
282:spring campaign
204:
189:
166:jurist, soldier
157:
133:Political party
127:Austria-Hungary
121:
117:
101:
95:
93:
69:
57:
51:
46:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1780:Mayor of Óbuda
1772:
1768:
1767:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1733:
1723:Alajos Gamperl
1721:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1687:
1681:
1666:
1641:
1635:
1620:
1614:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1579:, p. 426.
1569:
1567:, p. 473.
1557:
1555:, p. 464.
1542:
1540:, p. 151.
1527:
1525:, p. 407.
1512:
1497:
1485:
1483:, p. 606.
1473:
1471:, p. 326.
1461:
1459:, p. 334.
1449:
1447:, p. 403.
1432:
1420:
1418:, p. 150.
1399:
1397:, p. 306.
1384:
1382:, p. 260.
1372:
1370:, p. 206.
1360:
1358:, p. 456.
1341:
1339:, p. 148.
1329:
1327:, p. 205.
1317:
1315:, p. 149.
1300:
1298:, p. 147.
1288:
1276:
1274:, p. 152.
1257:
1245:
1241:Draveczky 1998
1230:
1218:
1203:
1191:
1189:, p. 314.
1179:
1177:, p. 146.
1160:
1145:
1133:
1121:
1119:, p. 143.
1106:
1104:, p. 142.
1094:
1092:, p. 141.
1082:
1080:, p. 140.
1070:
1066:Draveczky 1998
1053:
1051:, p. 139.
1029:
1027:
1024:
954:
951:
906:Liberty Bridge
881:
878:
808:Comedy Theatre
791:Ferenc Reitter
776:Gyula Andrássy
700:
697:
673:Eiffel Company
510:
507:
500:Prime Minister
385:
382:
380:
377:
325:
322:
294:Battle of Buda
263:Lajos Kazinczy
220:György Károlyi
203:
200:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
134:
130:
129:
120:(aged 68)
114:
110:
109:
91:
87:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
60:
54:
53:
43:
42:
36:
35:
32:
31:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1851:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1764:
1763:Mayor of Buda
1758:
1757:Ferenc Házmán
1752:
1748:
1747:József Márkus
1739:
1738:
1730:
1729:Mayor of Pest
1724:
1718:
1713:
1705:
1703:963-05-1083-9
1699:
1695:
1693:
1688:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1510:, p. 26.
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1495:, p. 25.
1494:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1430:, p. 23.
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1286:, p. 21.
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1255:, p. 20.
1254:
1249:
1246:
1243:, p. 47.
1242:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:, p. 52.
1227:
1222:
1219:
1216:, p. 51.
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1201:, p. 50.
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1158:, p. 12.
1157:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:, p. 11.
1142:
1137:
1134:
1131:, p. 16.
1130:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1071:
1068:, p. 48.
1067:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
979:
975:
973:
972:Ferenc Heltai
969:
959:
952:
950:
948:
944:
940:
935:
932:
927:
917:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:József Márkus
886:
879:
877:
875:
874:soup-kitchens
870:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
850:Kálvin Square
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
815:
811:
809:
805:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
757:
752:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
725:
721:
719:
715:
711:
710:Lajos Lechner
707:
698:
696:
694:
690:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
629:Music Academy
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
601:
596:
592:
590:
586:
585:Panic of 1873
582:
577:
573:
564:
560:
558:
554:
550:
545:
541:
536:
532:
528:
524:
515:
508:
506:
504:
501:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
472:
466:
462:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
434:
431:
427:
422:
413:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
383:
378:
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
349:
344:
340:
330:
323:
321:
319:
318:György Klapka
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:Lajos Kossuth
244:
239:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
199:
197:
193:
187:
183:
179:
178:personal name
169:
165:
161:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
115:
111:
108:
104:
92:
88:
83:
79:
76:
75:József Márkus
73:
67:
64:
61:
55:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
24:
17:
1735:
1694:
1691:
1673:
1670:
1649:
1645:
1627:
1624:
1606:
1603:
1594:
1572:
1560:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1452:
1423:
1375:
1363:
1332:
1320:
1291:
1279:
1248:
1221:
1194:
1182:
1136:
1124:
1097:
1085:
1073:
1008:Antal Csárdi
1004:
1000:Gyula Donáth
984:
968:Dezső Bánffy
964:
936:
922:
910:Fővám Square
893:
887:
883:
858:
843:
831:Pesti Hírlap
830:
820:
795:Üllői Street
784:
761:
740:
730:
702:
685:
681:Újlipótváros
605:
602:in the 1890s
569:
520:
503:Kálmán Tisza
497:
489:Paul Neményi
477:
446:
435:
418:
387:
357:
335:
324:Early career
298:Lajos Aulich
290:Chain Bridge
286:Artúr Görgei
240:
207:
205:
191:
190:
181:
158:Anna Alojzia
136:
118:(1897-06-05)
70:Succeeded by
62:
47:
1804:1897 deaths
1799:1829 births
1226:Katona 2010
1214:Katona 2010
1199:Katona 2010
835:Józsefváros
799:Váci Avenue
758:around 1875
745:Ferencváros
733:grain trade
653:Váci Street
542:arrived in
430:Mihály Kada
421:Károly Ráth
208:Kammermayer
138:Independent
125:(Abbazia),
116:5 June 1897
100:14 May 1829
58:Preceded by
1793:Categories
1774:Pál Harrer
1741:1873–1896
1577:Vörös 1978
1565:Vörös 1978
1553:Vörös 1978
1523:Vörös 1978
1481:Vörös 1978
1469:Vörös 1978
1457:Vörös 1978
1445:Vörös 1978
1395:Vörös 1978
1380:Vörös 1978
1368:Vörös 1978
1356:Vörös 1978
1325:Vörös 1978
1284:Sipos 2008
1253:Sipos 2008
1187:Vörös 1978
1156:Sipos 2008
1141:Sipos 2008
1026:References
1020:Lipótváros
880:Last years
844:The first
772:Miklós Ybl
714:János Wein
677:Terézváros
637:Adolf Láng
613:Népszínház
398:Lord Mayor
368:Közvágóhíd
358:After the
202:Early life
163:Profession
96:1829-05-14
1662:0209-4215
996:headstone
902:Samu Pecz
768:City Park
689:Hungarian
609:Hungarian
533:) at the
451:Hungarian
364:Hungarian
270:battalion
251:Hungarian
238:, ELTE).
48:In office
741:Elevátor
572:sewerage
228:Gyöngyös
153:Children
1586:Sources
992:Croatia
988:Opatija
621:Rudolph
302:Komárom
278:Isaszeg
274:Kápolna
212:Hungary
123:Opatija
107:Hungary
1700:
1679:
1660:
1633:
1612:
806:, the
718:Újpest
706:forint
643:. The
557:Szeged
493:Ispáns
304:. The
267:sapper
145:Spouse
823:Tisza
527:MÁVAG
394:Óbuda
310:Pered
224:Parád
1698:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1658:ISSN
1654:Győr
1631:ISBN
1610:ISBN
754:The
679:and
598:The
343:Buda
314:Győr
216:Pest
156:Irma
113:Died
103:Pest
90:Born
1778:as
1761:as
1727:as
1012:LMP
525:by
300:to
265:'s
180:is
1795::
1652:.
1650:30
1648:.
1545:^
1530:^
1515:^
1500:^
1435:^
1402:^
1387:^
1344:^
1303:^
1260:^
1233:^
1206:^
1163:^
1148:^
1109:^
1056:^
1033:^
990:,
912:.
841:.
739:("
691::
611::
453::
408:.
366::
276:,
253::
105:,
1706:.
1685:.
1664:.
1639:.
1618:.
1010:(
607:(
98:)
94:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
