556:
41:
1661:
In 1574 the
Mahapatabenda of Colombo is beheaded and quartered by the Portuguese for treasonable communication with Mayadunne, the sannas grants of king Mayadenne to Sitavaka Tantula and Rajapakse Tantula of Ambalangoda for serving the interests of Sitawaka kings, Thamankaduwa, Diddeniya, Galagamuwa
599:
Insignia such as the pearl umbrella, flags, swords, trident, yak tail whisks, lighted flame torches and drums were previously widely used by the
Karavas at their weddings and funerals. By the 1960s, such usage has been greatly reduced, whereas some places is it still practiced.
218:
activities including the development of plantation agriculture such as coconut, tea and rubber. They also played leading role in the emergence of
Sinhala Buddhist nationalism in post-independent Sri Lanka. It is estimated that they form 10% of the Sinhalese population.
645:
Name based on leadership or armoured military office (Sannaddha/Sannadi) include
Hennadige, show a traditional military heritage and confirms the military origins of the group as claimed by Karava origin stories and family histories. Some of the popular surnames,
1545:
1402:
1600:
839:
1781:
Caste
Conflict and Elite Formation, The Rise of the Karava Elite in Sri Lanka 1500–1931. Michael Roberts 1982, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
528:
The
Karavas were coastal people, who served in naval warfare and contributed as coastal chieftains and regional kings. Their chiefs were referred in
1764:: Ancient Swords, Daggers and Knives in Sri Lankan Museums, P.H.D.H. De Silva and S. Wickramasinghe, pp.82,90,101–5 (National Museums of Sri Lanka)
128:
1154:
979:
952:
1819:
1214:
1796:
1786:
1769:
1735:
1708:
1570:
1512:
1485:
1454:
1427:
1369:
1260:
1187:
1127:
1042:
927:
897:
867:
787:
736:
308:
Studies on the establishment of caste system in
Sinhalese society show that the history of the Karava caste does not go beyond the
1762:
The sword of
Mahanaga Rajasinghe Kuruvira Adithya Arsanilaishta (1416 AD) – the oldest representation of the Makara knuckle-guard
499:
309:
1814:
1286:
301:. For instance, Kurukulattaraiyan was the name ascribed to 'the prince who wore a golden anklet' that commanded the army of
614:
naming system. Vasagama, literally meaning "estate (gama) in which one resides", is a title or surname that is given to the
139:
Dynastical origins of the community. This flag is also one of the main flags still used by the
Karavas at their ceremonies.
1528:
Nyrop, Richard F.; Studies, American
University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area; Army, United States Dept of the (1986).
1385:
Nyrop, Richard F.; Studies, American University (Washington, D. C. ) Foreign Area; Army, United States Dept of the (1986).
514:
party and political movement, who were involved in two armed uprisings against the ruling governments in 1971 and 1987.
380:
302:
1144:
563:
The Karavas were one of the few Sri Lankan communities traditionally entitled to use flags. A large number of these
1625:
368:
1839:
507:
372:
361:
286:
188:
1750:
1665:
The Karāva of Ceylon: Society and Culture, M. D. Raghavan pp.33–6,43,66,71–5 (K.V.G. De Sīlva ) ASIN: B0006CKOV2
589:
491:
330:
speakers. Some Karava families migrated from South India as recently as the 18th century. The Karavas north of
417:
347:
350:. It is evident that they had also patronised Mahayana Buddhism before its extinction in the Island.
259:
which means Tamil Karava mariner. The name "Karava" has also been proposed to be a corruption of the
252:
1539:
1396:
686:
529:
339:
91:
1179:
269:, following their origin story. Other historical counts refer to them and also the Karaiyars as
1700:
486:
between 16th century and early 20th century. Numerous organization were formed by them such as
1792:
1782:
1765:
1731:
1704:
1619:
1585:
1566:
1508:
1481:
1450:
1423:
1365:
1282:
1256:
1210:
1183:
1150:
1123:
1038:
1013:
975:
971:
The Intra-Group Dimensions of Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka: Learning to Read Between the Lines
948:
923:
893:
863:
783:
732:
588:. The sun and the moon, pearl umbrella are traditional royal symbols used by the Karavas. The
468:
391:
95:
969:
673:(also Baduge; house of carpenters, ship, Silmaguruge & boat builders, also descendant of
1824:
1477:
503:
460:
433:
425:
365:
358:
319:
172:
164:
147:
111:
107:
69:
728:
Inscriptions of Ceylon Vol. I (3rd century BC to 1st century CE in the Early Brāhmī Script)
1276:
1248:
565:
523:
421:
395:
384:
215:
291:
Many Kurukula communities throughout Sri Lanka and south India claim an origin from the
127:
1693:
1172:
696:
615:
541:
335:
327:
314:
292:
244:
203:
73:
1347:. University of London: School of Oriental and African Studies. pp. 59–66, 83–84.
945:
Caste conflict and elite formation: the rise of a Karāva elite in Sri Lanka, 1500–1931
1833:
674:
639:
429:
400:
136:
132:
1778:
RAGHAVAN, M. D., The Karava of Ceylon: Society and Culture, K. V. G. de Silva, 1961.
1231:
555:
1820:
The Maha Oruwa (The Last in the tradition of the Indigenous Sailing Ships): plate 5
570:
495:
464:
1471:
1324:
Colombo, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Ceylon Branch (1946).
584:(royal forehead plate) was a common practice among Karavas, also mentioned in the
1725:
1675:
1659:
1639:
1560:
1529:
1502:
1444:
1417:
1386:
1359:
1342:
1325:
1308:
1204:
1117:
1074:
1058:
1032:
995:
917:
887:
777:
756:
726:
658:("house of the Royal Mariners"), Patabendige ("house of the local headmen"), and
387:
were under the care of the minister Karunadhipati, the Patabenda of Yapa-Patuna.
1751:
Royal grant to a port Patangatin, Kingdom of Jaffanapatam, P.E. Pieris, p. 25-28
844:. University of Michigan: Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka. 1993. p. 137.
691:
666:
655:
635:
452:
323:
297:
1091:
1017:
Sri Lanka and the Maldive Islands, By Chandra Richard De Silva, p.111 & 137
592:, being an emblem of their clan, is the mount of their clan deity, the sea god
40:
1102:(1). Department of Social Sciences, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka: 58.
585:
405:
376:
195:
119:
1206:
Crucible of Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka
511:
478:
ventures such as in coastal navigation, fishing, carpentry, transportation,
448:
409:
168:
56:
1791:
Social Change in Nineteenth Century Ceylon. Patrick Peebles. 1995, Navrang
1146:
The Presence of the Past: Chronicles, Politics, and Culture in Sinhala Life
808:
Dravidian Settlements in Ceylon and the Beginnings of the Kingdom of Jaffna
353:
The Mukkara Hatana describes that they won a three month siege against the
1037:. Archaeological Survey Department, Government of Sri Lanka. p. 288.
375:
after the death of his father in the war mentioned in Mukkara Hatana. The
17:
1119:
Coup Theories and Officers' Motives: Sri Lanka in Comparative Perspective
549:
498:, a Karava lawyer and national leader, was an essential character in the
482:, coconut, rubber, graphite and other industries. The Karavas formed the
475:
440:
354:
260:
211:
199:
184:
115:
919:
Spiritual Leadership in the Entrepreneurial Business: A Multifaith Study
652:
Wachchi Hennadige, Weera Hennadige, Andra Hennadige and Warusa Hennadige
1092:"Immigrated national identity: Karava and Sinhalese Mask Drama (Kolam)"
701:
659:
548:(meaning "crowned one"), which was also used by their equivalent Tamil
455:. Large Catholic Karava communities exists ever since, who were mostly
413:
343:
331:
265:
248:
194:
The last mass migration to Sri Lanka happened in the 15th century from
176:
77:
1000:. Department of Linguistics, University of Kerala. 1990. p. 110.
862:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 18, 75, 81–8, 131–40, 300–20.
670:
593:
479:
231:
are still debated. The name might be a modified version of the Tamil
180:
471:, and the King bestowed honors and titles to the Karava chieftains.
459:
prior to conversion. The Catholic Karava chieftains sided with the
428:
and revolted against the Portuguese. Kuruvita Rala also raided the
554:
483:
456:
207:
126:
1825:
The Bala (Power) Oruwa: world's fastest traditional sailing canoe
1232:"Dona Catherina was the direct heiress by virtue of her heredity"
1090:
Amarasinghe, Jayantha; Kariyakarawana, Saman M. (December 2014).
444:
1361:
Sri Lanka in the Modern Age: A History of Contested Indentities
841:
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, Volume 36-37
1419:
Fisheries in Sri Lanka: anthropological and biological aspects
596:. The clan name Warnakulasuriya, denotes their deity Varuna.
569:
have survived the ravages of time and many are illustrated in
379:
mentions that in the 16th century, the heirs to the throne -
1589:
Ceylon and the Portuguese 1505–1658, by Paulus Edward Pieris
404:(also known as Antonio Barreto), who had his strongholds in
312:(15th–16th century AD). Historical manuscripts such as the
179:
royalty of the old Kingdom of Kuru in Northern India. The
1587:
Patangatin/Headmen of Chilaw baptised in 1606 at Malwana;
1327:
Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society
1278:
Rajavaliya, Or, a Historical Narrative of Sinhalese Kings
618:
descendants. The most common clans among the Karavas are
1809:
1680:. Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka. 1993. p. 137.
559:
A 19th-century representation of the Karava Makara Flag.
731:. Department of Archaeology. pp. 7, 83 & 113.
171:, whose ancestors migrated throughout history from the
782:. Cambridge University Press. 1965. pp. 18, 51.
662:(also Tantulage or Thanthulage, "house of experts").
158:
810:. University of London. pp. 109–110, 371, 373.
131:The Karava Sun and Moon Flag symbolising the Royal
101:
84:
63:
50:
1692:
1171:
305:(11th century AD) to end Chola rule in Sri Lanka.
1677:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka
506:and other Karava leaders formed in the 1960s the
371:was the son of a Karava chief who was adopted by
1810:Karava web site – Kshatriya Maha Sabha Sri Lanka
1079:. University of Sri Lanka. 1970. pp. 34–35.
669:(house of the ship/boat owners or sailors ) and
439:They were under Portuguese rule, along with the
1534:. Headquarters, Dept. of the Army. p. 111.
1391:. Headquarters, Dept. of the Army. p. 106.
758:Tamil culture in Ceylon: a general introduction
45:The Karava Maha Kodiya of the Karava Community.
1026:
1024:
997:International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics
247:. The earliest recorded instance could be the
1562:Caste and Family Politics Sinhalese 1947–1976
1270:
1268:
1063:. Sri Lak-Indo Study Group. 1983. p. 78.
889:Caste and Family Politics Sinhalese 1947-1976
609:
580:The sacred usage of conch shell and tying of
318:indicate that there were migrations from the
27:Maritime martial Sinhalese caste in Sri Lanka
8:
1544:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1401:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1330:. Colombo Apothecaries Company. p. 210.
1178:. The University of Chicago Press. pp.
390:The Karava chieftains resisted the colonial
334:are predominantly Catholic and bilingual in
33:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1565:. Cambridge University Press. p. 127.
1476:. University of California Press. pp.
1253:A Complete Illustrated History of Sri Lanka
947:. Cambridge University Press. p. 292.
819:
817:
801:
799:
750:
748:
206:. They have also given great importance to
1730:. Cambridge University Press. p. 18.
1449:. Cambridge University Press. p. 43.
1364:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 13.
1281:. Asian Educational Services. p. 75.
1255:. Vijitha Yapa Publications, 2012. p 397.
1122:. Princeton University Press. p. 33.
892:. Cambridge University Press. p. 27.
255:dating from the 1st century BC denoting a
76:also spoken by bilingual Karavas north of
32:
1601:"பட்டங்கட்டி | அகராதி | Tamil Dictionary"
1422:. Kumaran Book House. pp. 136, 137.
1310:The Karāva of Ceylon: Society and Culture
1149:. Cornell University Press. p. 159.
881:
879:
853:
851:
826:The Karāva of Ceylon: Society and Culture
720:
718:
716:
1313:. K.V.G. De Sīlva. pp. 36, 39, 143.
1009:
1007:
235:, where "Karava" has the same root word
1699:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp.
1034:Ancient Anuradhapura: The Monastic City
922:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 55.
828:. K.V.G. De Sīlva. pp. 5, 13, 195.
712:
1617:
1537:
1394:
394:in 16th century. The Karava Prince of
1815:Karava – the blue-blooded Kshatriyas
1662:and Matale Karavas and their insignia
1302:
1300:
1298:
1209:. Duke University Press. p. 61.
1111:
1109:
214:. The elite families are involved in
7:
1695:South Asia; seven community profiles
1076:The Ceylon Journal of the Humanities
911:
909:
772:
770:
768:
187:. Both groups are also known as the
51:Regions with significant populations
1724:McGilvray, Dennis B. (1982-09-02).
1344:The Portuguese in Ceylon, 1617-1638
474:The Karavas amassed wealth through
295:and the Kauravas of the Hindu epic
1504:Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka
1116:Horowitz, Donald L. (2014-07-14).
860:Caste Conflict and Elite Formation
761:. Kalai Nilayam. pp. 53, 138.
665:Names based on profession include
202:confederation as mentioned in the
25:
1341:DeSilva, Chandra Richard (1972).
490:, one of the predecessors of the
500:Sri Lankan independence movement
326:, and that they were originally
39:
1501:Peebles, Patrick (2015-10-22).
1174:The cult of the goddess Pattini
575:Sinhalese Banners and Standards
342:, whereas the Karavas south of
1727:Caste Ideology and Interaction
1607:. University of Madras Lexicon
1559:Jiggins, Janice (1979-06-07).
1443:Runciman, W. G. (1989-02-02).
1031:Seneviratna, Anuradha (1994).
886:Jiggins, Janice (1979-06-07).
806:Indrapala, Karthigesu (1965).
725:PARANAVITĀNA, Senerat (1970).
243:meaning "coast" or "shore" in
1:
1644:. University of Ceylon. 1975.
1358:Wickramasinghe, Nira (2006).
1203:McGilvray, Dennis B. (2008).
779:Cambridge South Asian Studies
1507:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1416:Sivasubramaniam, K. (2009).
1170:Obeyesekere, Ganath (1984).
540:, which is derived from the
424:, led his and the troops of
364:in the 14th century AD. The
1446:A Treatise on Social Theory
610:
488:Ceylon National Association
357:, under the sponsorship of
159:
1856:
1691:Maloney, Clarence (1974).
1531:Sri Lanka, a country study
1388:Sri Lanka, a country study
521:
284:
175:, claiming lineage to the
943:Roberts, Michael (1982).
858:Roberts, Michael (1982).
508:Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
287:Timeline of the Kurukulam
167:speaking ethnic group of
151:
106:
89:
68:
55:
38:
1470:Silva, K. M. De (1981).
1307:Raghavan, M. D. (1961).
1096:Journal of Social Review
974:. Springer. p. 48.
916:Fernando, Mario (2007).
824:Raghavan, M. D. (1961).
755:Raghavan, M. D. (1971).
492:Ceylon National Congress
227:The origins of the term
1275:Gunasekara, B. (1995).
1143:Kemper, Steven (1991).
1624:: CS1 maint: others (
1473:A History of Sri Lanka
1230:Fernando, A. Denis N.
968:Bush, Kenneth (2003).
560:
451:and were converted to
140:
1641:Modern Ceylon Studies
608:The Karava's use the
558:
322:coast of Tamil Nadu,
198:to fight against the
130:
102:Related ethnic groups
436:out of his capital.
257:Dameda karava navika
634:). Other clans are
630:(formerly known as
251:inscription at the
35:
34:Karava of Sri Lanka
687:Caste in Sri Lanka
561:
518:Traditional status
463:and the kingdom's
141:
92:Theravada Buddhism
1156:978-0-8014-2395-6
981:978-0-230-59782-2
954:978-0-521-23210-4
628:Mihindikulasuriya
469:Portuguese empire
369:Bhuvanaikabahu VI
253:Abhayagiri Vihāra
157:
125:
124:
96:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
1847:
1840:Sinhalese castes
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461:Kingdom of Kandy
434:Senarat of Kandy
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173:Coromandel coast
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571:E. W. Perera's
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453:Catholicism
324:South India
298:Mahabharata
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708:References
586:Rajaveliya
538:Patangatim
476:commercial
406:Batticaloa
377:Rajavaliya
366:Kotte King
359:Kotte king
285:See also:
196:Tamil Nadu
120:Pattanavar
18:Kón Karáva
1540:cite book
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660:Thantrige
550:Karaiyars
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223:Etymology
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165:Sinhalese
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64:Languages
57:Sri Lanka
1834:Category
1620:cite web
681:See also
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611:vasagama
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441:Karaiyar
348:Buddhist
275:Kaurawar
261:Sanskrit
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116:Karaiyar
85:Religion
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414:Negombo
344:Colombo
332:Negombo
281:History
266:Kaurava
249:Prakrit
177:Kaurava
163:) is a
148:Sinhala
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152:කරාවා
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