34:
1611:
1354:
1601:
1343:
81:
1589:
153:
278:(baggy trousers), a long skirt and a gilt belt, knotted at the back. They were said to be "sensuous, attractive, effeminate", and their dancing "sexually provocative". Dancers minced and gyrated their hips in slow vertical and horizontal figure eights, rhythmically snapping their fingers and making suggestive gestures. Often acrobatics, tumbling and mock
325:
danced among the spectators, to make them more excited. In the audience, competition for their attention often caused commotions and altercations. Men would allegedly go wild, breaking their glasses, shouting themselves voiceless, or fighting and sometimes killing each other vying for the opportunity
111:
derives from
Ottoman Turkish كوچوك (küçük, “small, little”), from Old Anatolian Turkish (kiçük, “small, little”), from Proto-Turkic *kičük, *kičüg (“small, little”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰃𐰲𐰏 (kičig), Karakhanid (kičüg), Kazakh кіші (kışı), кішкене (kışkene), Uyghur كىچىك (kichik), Kyrgyz
1086:
273:
The youths, often wearing heavy makeup, would curl their hair and wear it in long tresses under a small black or red velvet hat decorated with coins, jewels and gold. Their usual garb consisted of a tiny red embroidered velvet jacket with a gold-embroidered silk shirt,
144:
was a key factor in its development, as the early stages of the art form was confined to palace circles. From there the practice dispersed throughout the Empire by means of independent troupes.
376:
Today, Köçek dancing is still seen in Turkey, although it has changed form to a more folkloric and less sexualized dance and is now done by adult men, still in skirts, beards and all
270:
and many musicians. The occasions of their performances were wedding or circumcision celebrations, feasts and festivals, as well as the pleasure of the sultans and the aristocracy.
180:
and would be considered accomplished after about six years of study and practice. A dancer's career would last as long as he was clean shaven and retained his youthful appearance.
1208:
1556:
334:
dancers working in the taverns of the
Turkish capital. They were outlawed in 1837 due to fighting among audience members over the dancers. With the suppression of
931:
903:
1476:
563:
115:
874:
761:
981:
1509:
1392:
842:
Klebe, Dorit. "Effeminate
Professional Musicians in Sources of Ottoman-Turkish Court Poetry and Music of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.”
1692:
1647:
1682:
1677:
1193:
628:
603:
547:
480:
1652:
234:
s skill would be judged not only on his dancing abilities but also on his proficiency with percussion instruments, especially a type of
1687:
1502:
1322:
896:
1203:
745:
685:
326:
to rape, molest, or otherwise force the children into sexual servitude. This resulted in suppression of the practice under Sultan
1327:
976:
1697:
712:
658:
590:
520:
1637:
1260:
1255:
889:
61:
1707:
1672:
1481:
1385:
1198:
1561:
702:
567:
425:
33:
1642:
1076:
1445:
286:
227:
being a large drum, one side covered with goat skin and the other in sheep skin, producing different tones. A
165:
1712:
1702:
1667:
1615:
1378:
1358:
1276:
1229:
1167:
1147:
212:
1573:
1413:
1281:
941:
869:
118:
675:
1657:
1429:
1239:
592:
Dancing
Modernity: Gender, sexuality and the state in the late Ottoman Empire and early Turkish Republic
420:
196:
1662:
1162:
1009:
1519:
1286:
1102:
991:
961:
88:
troupe at a fair" at Sultan Ahmed's 1720 celebration of his son's circumcision. Miniature from the
1540:
1291:
1004:
621:
The
Homoerotics of Orientalism: Mappings of Male Desire in Narratives of the Near and Middle East
382:
20:
1152:
946:
741:
708:
681:
654:
624:
599:
543:
539:
The
Dangerous Lives of Public Performers: Dancing, Sex, and Entertainment in the Islamic World
516:
134:
93:
737:
1107:
971:
104:
57:
1307:
1177:
926:
216:
141:
80:
650:
Dancing Fear & Desire: Race, Sexuality and
Imperial Politics in Middle Eastern Dance
1514:
1497:
1471:
1142:
1053:
1014:
912:
343:
188:
130:
129:, which flourished from the 18th to the 19th century, had its origin in the customs in
786:
1631:
1593:
1071:
1019:
999:
951:
839:, edited by Arno Schmidt and Jehoeda Sofer, ed. Harrington Park Press, New York, 1992
730:
391:
350:
dance and music lost the support of its imperial patrons and gradually disappeared.
1605:
1347:
1234:
1157:
966:
936:
851:
Eski İstanbul'da
Meyhaneler ve Meyhane Köçekleri, İstanbul Ansiklopedisi Notları No
387:
327:
207:, which was performed in the form of suites in a given melody. It too was a mix of
177:
648:
537:
510:
364:"), their female counterparts. Some youths were known to have been killed by the
1566:
1317:
361:
290:
69:
27:
152:
1535:
1224:
956:
403:
219:
today. The accompaniment included various percussion instruments, such as the
192:
242:. The dancers were accompanied by an orchestra, featuring four to five each
1124:
339:
279:
235:
200:
677:
Dance, sex, and gender: signs of identity, dominance, defiance, and desire
598:. The University of Arizona, Near Eastern Studies. pp. 43–44, 47–51.
1117:
1112:
1026:
430:
335:
263:
244:
97:
68:), who usually cross-dressed in feminine attire, and was employed as an
1466:
1172:
1081:
415:
313:
302:
1312:
1035:
409:
250:
208:
137:. Its genres enriched both the music and the dance of the Ottomans.
476:
450:
289:, wrote poems, and classical composers, such as the court musician
176:
would begin training around the age of seven or eight after he was
112:кичинекей (kicinekey), Shor кичиг, Yakut куччугуй (kuccuguy), etc.
224:
151:
113:
79:
32:
1370:
881:
368:, who were extremely jealous of men's attention toward the boys.
203:
elements. They performed to a particular genre of music known as
307:
187:, blended elements from throughout the empire, most importantly
1374:
885:
870:
Turkish
Cultural Foundation: Court dance in the Ottoman Empire
1033:
495:
642:
640:
762:"Köçek (L*), the original Čoček. Turkish male bellydance"
512:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
837:
Sexuality and Eroticism Among Males in Moslem Societies
704:
Sexuality and eroticism among males in Moslem societies
390:. The movie follows the life of Caniko, an androgynous
1122:
1051:
1024:
16:
Young male slave dancer who dressed in feminine attire
859:, Milli Eğitim Basımevi, İstanbul, 1976. p. 23
732:
The Belly Dance Book: Rediscovering the Oldest Dance
1549:
1528:
1490:
1459:
1438:
1422:
1406:
1300:
1269:
1248:
1217:
1186:
1135:
1095:
1064:
990:
919:
1557:List of victims of anti-LGBT hate crimes in Turkey
729:
451:"Music, Identity, Gender: Çengi̇s, Köçeks, Çöçeks"
477:"Music, Identity, Gender: Çengis, Köçeks, Çöçeks"
932:Bibliography of works on wartime cross-dressing
254:as principal instruments, used exclusively for
875:Köçek (Dancing Boy) – Homosexual Art of Turkey
496:"Rusça-Qırımtatarca, Qırımtatarca-Rusça luğat"
19:For the 1975 Turkish romantic drama film, see
1386:
1042:
897:
51:
8:
828:, ed. Dönence, Istanbul, 1996. p. 88–92
680:. University of Chicago Press. p. 57.
1393:
1379:
1371:
982:Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries
904:
890:
882:
623:. Columbia University Press. p. 102.
394:, who struggles with his gender identity.
1065:Contemporary organizations and gatherings
321:. Before starting their performance, the
266:(palace harem) involved one or two dozen
60:) was typically a very pretty young male
1510:March against Homophobia and Transphobia
833:Transvestites and Transsexuals in Turkey
330:. In 1805, there were approximately 600
789:. TSA Center for Turkish Cinema Studies
509:Stephen O. Murray, Will Roscoe (1997).
441:
258:suites. There were also two singers. A
125:means "baby camel". The culture of the
564:"The Classical Turkish Music: Köçekçe"
215:influences, some of which survives in
380:A modern interpretation is the movie
356:were much more sought after than the
7:
481:ITU Turkish Music State Conservatory
810:AYVERDİ, Sâmiha; Istanbul Geceleri
1503:Genetically Modified Tomato Awards
1482:Pyramid LGBT Diyarbakır Initiative
1323:List of transgender-related topics
647:Stavros Stavrou Karayanni (2006).
542:. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 25.
183:The dances, collectively known as
133:palaces, and in particular in the
14:
653:. WLU Press. pp. 78, 82–83.
1610:
1609:
1599:
1587:
1353:
1352:
1341:
1328:List of transgender publications
589:Danielle J. van Dobben (2008).
1693:Slaves from the Ottoman Empire
1648:Transgender in the Middle East
291:Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi
1:
1261:Social construction of gender
1256:Causes of gender incongruence
826:Sexual life in Ottoman Empire
707:. Routledge. pp. 84–85.
1683:19th century in LGBT history
1678:18th century in LGBT history
1034:
977:Trousers as women's clothing
1123:
1052:
1025:
857:Türk Musikisi Ansiklopedisi
846:30, no. 1/2 (2005): 97–116.
814:, ed. Baha, Istanbul, 1977.
736:. Backbeat Press. pp.
674:Judith Lynne Hanna (1988).
475:Prof. Ş. Şehvar Beşiroğlu.
305:(nighttime taverns serving
1729:
1653:Culture of the Middle East
426:LGBT in the Ottoman Empire
25:
18:
1688:Turkish words and phrases
1582:
1336:
1077:Kottankulangara Festival
619:Joseph A. Boone (2014).
483:, Musicology Department.
26:Not to be confused with
1277:Lists of cross-dressers
1168:Hip and buttock padding
1148:Female urination device
342:(1861–1876) and Sultan
1574:Human rights in Turkey
1414:LGBT history in Turkey
1282:Wartime cross-dressers
1194:In film and television
1043:
824:Erdoğan, Sema Nilgün:
812:The nights of Istanbul
728:Tazz Richards (2000).
494:Üseinov, S.M. (2007).
293:(1778–1846), composed
285:Famous poets, such as
282:were part of the act.
169:
119:Crimean Tatar language
101:
52:
41:
1698:Transgender in Turkey
1430:LGBT rights in Turkey
1240:Transvestic fetishism
817:ENDERUNLU Fazıl bey;
740:, 27, 28, 29–37, 32.
701:Arno Schmitt (1992).
536:Anthony Shay (2014).
421:LGBT topics and Islam
412:, Egyptian equivalent
262:dance in the Ottoman
217:popular Turkish music
160:", illustration from
155:
83:
40:in Ottoman miniature.
36:
1638:Turkish male dancers
1163:Cleavage enhancement
849:KOÇU, Reşad Ekrem,
1708:Male erotic dancers
1673:Turkish sex workers
1520:Pink Life QueerFest
1287:List of drag queens
1103:Crossplay (cosplay)
1005:Theatrical travesti
992:Cross-gender acting
962:Cross dressing ball
766:Folkdance Footnotes
570:on 15 December 2013
449:Besiroglu, Sehvar.
406:, Afghan equivalent
386:(1975) by director
213:classical Anatolian
140:The support of the
64:effeminate dancer (
1292:List of drag kings
1209:In animated series
1204:In music and opera
1136:Passing techniques
498:. Aqmescit, Tezis.
170:
102:
42:
1625:
1624:
1594:Turkey portal
1368:
1367:
1153:Packing (phallus)
1096:Subcultural slang
947:Womanless wedding
630:978-0-231-15110-8
605:978-1-243-41693-3
549:978-1-349-49268-8
1720:
1613:
1612:
1606:LGBTQ portal
1604:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1356:
1355:
1348:LGBTQ portal
1346:
1345:
1344:
1301:Related articles
1218:Sexual practices
1128:
1057:
1048:
1039:
1030:
906:
899:
892:
883:
855:ÖZTUNA, Yılmaz:
831:JANSSEN, Thijs:
799:
798:
796:
794:
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
758:
752:
751:
735:
725:
719:
718:
698:
692:
691:
671:
665:
664:
644:
635:
634:
616:
610:
609:
597:
586:
580:
579:
577:
575:
566:. Archived from
560:
554:
553:
533:
527:
526:
506:
500:
499:
491:
485:
484:
472:
455:
454:
446:
372:Modern offshoots
301:. Many Istanbul
232:
55:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1643:Turkish dancers
1628:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1545:
1524:
1486:
1455:
1446:Enderûnlu Fâzıl
1434:
1418:
1402:
1399:
1369:
1364:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1308:Gender variance
1296:
1265:
1244:
1213:
1182:
1178:Gaff (clothing)
1131:
1091:
1060:
986:
927:History of drag
915:
910:
866:
807:
805:Further reading
802:
792:
790:
785:
784:
780:
771:
769:
760:
759:
755:
748:
727:
726:
722:
715:
700:
699:
695:
688:
673:
672:
668:
661:
646:
645:
638:
631:
618:
617:
613:
606:
595:
588:
587:
583:
573:
571:
562:
561:
557:
550:
535:
534:
530:
523:
508:
507:
503:
493:
492:
488:
474:
473:
458:
448:
447:
443:
439:
400:
374:
317:or wine) hired
297:for celebrated
287:Enderûnlu Fâzıl
230:
168:, 18th century
166:Enderûnlu Fâzıl
150:
90:Surname-i Vehbi
78:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1726:
1724:
1716:
1715:
1713:Sexual slavery
1710:
1705:
1703:Cross-dressing
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1668:Gender systems
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1596:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1498:Istanbul Pride
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1472:Lambdaistanbul
1469:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:LGBT in Turkey
1400:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1350:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:Breast binding
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1129:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1017:
1015:Pantomime dame
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
994:
988:
987:
985:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
923:
921:
917:
916:
913:Cross-dressing
911:
909:
908:
901:
894:
886:
878:
877:
872:
865:
864:External links
862:
861:
860:
853:
847:
840:
829:
822:
815:
806:
803:
801:
800:
778:
753:
746:
720:
713:
693:
686:
666:
659:
636:
629:
611:
604:
581:
555:
548:
528:
521:
501:
486:
456:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
407:
399:
396:
373:
370:
344:Abdul Hamid II
149:
146:
94:Topkapı Palace
77:
74:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1725:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:Organisations
1458:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:In literature
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Fantasia Fair
1070:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1020:Principal boy
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
1000:Breeches role
998:
997:
995:
993:
989:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
952:Rebecca riots
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
922:
918:
914:
907:
902:
900:
895:
893:
888:
887:
884:
880:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
858:
854:
852:
848:
845:
841:
838:
834:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
808:
804:
788:
782:
779:
767:
763:
757:
754:
749:
747:9780970024701
743:
739:
734:
733:
724:
721:
716:
710:
706:
705:
697:
694:
689:
687:9780226315515
683:
679:
678:
670:
667:
662:
656:
652:
651:
643:
641:
637:
632:
626:
622:
615:
612:
607:
601:
594:
593:
585:
582:
569:
565:
559:
556:
551:
545:
541:
540:
532:
529:
524:
518:
515:. NYU Press.
514:
513:
505:
502:
497:
490:
487:
482:
478:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
457:
452:
445:
442:
436:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
401:
397:
395:
393:
389:
385:
384:
379:
371:
369:
367:
363:
362:belly dancers
359:
355:
351:
349:
346:(1876–1908),
345:
341:
338:under Sultan
337:
336:harem culture
333:
329:
324:
320:
316:
315:
310:
309:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
247:
246:
241:
238:known as the
237:
233:
226:
222:
218:
214:
211:, Balkan and
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
181:
179:
175:
167:
163:
159:
154:
147:
145:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
75:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
49:
48:
39:
35:
29:
22:
1658:Arab culture
1614:
1562:Ahmet Yıldız
1450:
1357:
1235:Petticoating
1230:Feminization
1158:Breast forms
1044:
967:Casa Susanna
937:Transvestism
879:
856:
850:
844:Music in Art
843:
836:
832:
825:
818:
811:
791:. Retrieved
781:
770:. Retrieved
768:. 2019-07-19
765:
756:
731:
723:
703:
696:
676:
669:
649:
620:
614:
591:
584:
572:. Retrieved
568:the original
558:
538:
531:
511:
504:
489:
444:
388:Nejat Saydam
381:
377:
375:
365:
357:
353:
352:
347:
331:
328:Abdulmejid I
322:
318:
312:
306:
298:
294:
284:
275:
272:
267:
259:
255:
249:
245:kaba kemençe
243:
239:
228:
220:
204:
197:Kaşık Havası
184:
182:
173:
171:
161:
157:
156:"Performing
139:
126:
122:
108:
103:
89:
85:
65:
46:
45:
43:
37:
21:Köçek (film)
1663:Belly dance
1567:Hande Kader
1515:İzmir Pride
1318:Transgender
1054:Shirabyōshi
236:castagnette
221:davul-köçek
185:köçek oyunu
178:circumcised
121:, the word
70:entertainer
1632:Categories
1541:Ayı Sözlük
1536:Gabile.com
957:Hybristica
942:In wartime
819:Çenginame'
772:2024-03-26
714:1560240474
660:088920926X
522:0814774687
437:References
404:Bacha bazi
193:Karsilamas
1125:Otokonoko
972:Breeching
340:Abdulaziz
280:wrestling
162:Hubanname
1616:Category
1550:See also
1359:Category
1249:Theories
1118:En homme
1113:En femme
1027:Onnagata
793:22 April
574:22 April
431:Onnagata
398:See also
303:meyhanes
295:köçekçes
264:seraglio
201:oriental
98:Istanbul
53:köçekler
50:(plural
1467:KAOS GL
1439:Culture
1407:History
1173:Tucking
1108:Passing
1082:Tri-Ess
920:History
787:"Köçek"
416:Ghilman
276:shalvar
240:çarpare
205:köçekçe
189:Turkish
148:Culture
142:Sultans
131:Ottoman
117:In the
105:Turkish
58:Turkish
1491:Events
1477:LEGATO
1313:Femboy
1270:People
1225:Femdom
1036:Khawal
821:, 1759
744:
711:
684:
657:
627:
602:
546:
519:
410:Khawal
354:Köçeks
319:köçeks
299:köçeks
268:köçeks
251:laouto
223:, the
199:) and
191:(like
135:harems
66:rakkas
1529:Media
1451:Köçek
1187:Media
1087:ABGLT
1045:Köçek
835:, in
596:(PDF)
383:Köçek
366:çengi
358:çengi
348:köçek
332:köçek
323:köçek
260:köçek
256:köçek
231:'
229:köçek
225:davul
174:köçek
158:Köçek
127:köçek
123:köçek
109:köçek
86:Köçek
76:Roots
62:slave
47:köçek
38:Köçek
28:Čoček
1010:Drag
795:2013
742:ISBN
709:ISBN
682:ISBN
655:ISBN
625:ISBN
600:ISBN
576:2013
544:ISBN
517:ISBN
392:Roma
314:rakı
308:meze
248:and
209:Sufi
195:and
44:The
1423:Law
164:by
107:.
56:in
1634::
764:.
738:11
639:^
479:.
459:^
360:("
311:,
172:A
96:,
92:,
72:.
1394:e
1387:t
1380:v
905:e
898:t
891:v
797:.
775:.
750:.
717:.
690:.
663:.
633:.
608:.
578:.
552:.
525:.
453:.
378:.
100:.
84:"
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
