722:
64:
71:
582:
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such as ceramic bowls, glazed tiles, children's toys, or Arabic texts. Another important room centres around the Dash Mosque and the history of its construction and use. Around the courtyard, behind the main building, the remaining smaller rooms, formerly the bedrooms of the students at the madrasa, have been converted into 19 displays explaining the traditional handicrafts of the region such as carpet making, pottery,
45:
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contemporary parallels can be found at
Urgench, as some of the architectural features, such as the decorations mentioned above, do not appear in other monuments built during the lifetime of Turabek-Khanum, around 1330. Thus, it is difficult to date the building so early. These features do, however, appear in Central Asia later, during the reign of
654:
The building is made of bricks and consists of a square hall with walls which are 11,45 meters high, a massive round drum and a conical roof with an inner dome hidden under it. The dome is connected to the square walls it rests upon by an octagonal belt. The structure between the dome and the octagon
843:
The museum displays focus on the history of the site, on traditional arts and crafts of the region, on the building tradition of
Urgench, etc. The largest room is dedicated to the history and treasures of the old city, including a comprehensive miniature model of Gurgench and a variety of artefacts
506:
surrendered to Timur. In 1379, Yusef Sufi rebelled against Timur, who sacked
Urgench, and Yusef Sufi was killed. In 1388, the Sufi dynasty of Urgench again revolted against Timur; this time Timur razed Urgench to the ground and massacred its population, destroyed the city's irrigation system, and
709:
Kyrkmolla is a 12-meter-high (39 ft) mound which used to constitute a fortress. It is located in the north-eastern outskirts of
Gurgench. It is particularly significant as the earliest ceramics discovered at the site, dating back to the 5th century BC, were located here. It is protected by a
700:
Research concerning this structure has given rise to speculations that the
Mausoleum of Tekesh might have stood at the centre of some large construction that consisted of a multitude of buildings. Thus, certain scholars would argue that the building served a different purpose from that of a
557:
The urban layout of Kunya
Urgench has been lost and only certain monuments remain standing to this day. These are authentic and rich examples of fine architecture and building traditions existing for centuries. The level of conservation varies amongst the buildings, and the most substantial
810:
Ak-Kala is a fortress located southwest of the ruins of medieval
Urgench. Its walls, whose height ranges from 6 to 8 meters, and which measure approximately 2 meters at the top, stretch on more than a kilometre. They were built with sun dried mud-bricks and their corners are decorated with
610:
One of the most impressive architectural features of the mausoleum is the circular dome covering the main hall, whose surface is covered in colourful mosaic which forms intricate ornamental patterns consisting of flowers and stars, creating a visual metaphor for the heavens. No comparable
896:
The ingenuity and skill of the local craftsmen and architects can be seen in the exceptional construction details, such as structure, form or ornamentation, which have been perfected throughout time. Furthermore, traditional building techniques have survived to this day: for example, the
602:
Named after
Turabek-Khanum, the wife of Kutlug-Timur (ruled between 1321 and 1336), this structure is located at the northern part of ancient Gurgench. It is remarkable for its elegant design and stunning tile decoration, and it is a highly sophisticated work of architecture, both in its
343:, the crossroad of western and eastern civilisations. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in Turkmenistan, lying within a vast zone of protected landscape and containing a large number of well-preserved monuments, dating from the 11th to the 16th centuries. They comprise
856:
Kunya
Urgench has been, for a long period of time, a prolific school of construction masters. The knowledge and skills of this school have spread, throughout the centuries, amongst the Muslim world, and can be recognised in the structures and decorations of many buildings from the
734:
This complex is situated in the centre of the new town of Kunya-Urgench, within a Muslim cemetery. The Najm-ad-Din al-Kubra
Mausoleum was erected in the first half of the 14th century, and derives its name from the philosopher, painter, physician, chess master and general
379:
Atanyyazow explains, "In the works of Chinese historians, the name Yue-Gyan, which occurs in Georgian forms in the works of Arab scholars of the 10th century,...was used in the form of Gurganj, a native of Khorezm....and -j, according to Yakut, mean just like the word...
801:
This monument is dedicated to Ibn Khajib, one of Najm-ad-Din al-Kubra's talented disciples. It is located in the western part of ancient Urgench and it consists of a complex of monuments, all constructed in different periods of time, from the 14th to the 19th centuries.
384:, i.e., "village" and "city"...Given the ancient name of the word Gurgen..., then the toponym of Gurganj...has the meaning of "Gurgen city", "Gurgen city of the people". Later, the name Gurganj began to be used in the form of Urgench." To what
766:
Il Arslan is a magnificent piece of architecture, also known among the people as the Mausoleum of Kho-Rezmshah II Arslan, who ruled from 1156 to 1172. The mausoleum, dating to the 12th century, is the oldest standing monument in Gurgench.
412:(one of the main fortresses at the site) reveal that the town already had a strong structure in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Some of the earliest records show that Khwarezm was conquered by the Arabs in 712, who took the capital city of
606:
The original building was composed of two chambers: a large domed hall and a smaller one behind it. The large chamber is twelve-sided on the exterior and hexagonal on the interior, being preceded by an entrance portal and a vestibule.
438:. It had become highly prosperous due to its strategic location on the main trade routes from the south to the north, and the west to the east, vastly contributing to the development of science and culture in Central Asia.
749:
The Mausoleum of Piryar Vali, a contemporary of Najm al-Din al-Kubra, is located to the west of the latter's mausoleum, and was built in the 13th and 14th centuries. It is 6.5 meters high and measures 7.5 meters in length.
441:
According to an 1893 writer Djordjania or Jorjania was the "second capital" of the country. It was on the Wadak canal which seems to be the east end of the Kunya-Darya which seems to be the river bed that now leads to the
570:
is perhaps the most striking structure here. It dates to the 11th and 12th centuries, and measures 60 meters in height, making it the highest monument in the park. Its diameter is 12 meters at its base, and 2 at the top.
320:. Its inhabitants deserted the town in the early eighteenth century in order to develop a new settlement, and Konye-Urgench has remained undisturbed ever since. In 2005, the ruins of Old Urgench were inscribed on the
819:
This is a quadrangular fortress, erected by Khan Muhammed Emin, measuring 400 by 500 meters, and was built in the mid-19th century in the south-western outskirts of Kunya-Urgench. It is surrounded by a high
1596:
663:
at the Baghdad Museum, and has seldom been used in Central Asia: another comparable case that can be found in Turkmenistan is that of the mihrab of Muhammad Ibn Zayd's 11th-century mosque, from
659:. Their form is not lancet-like as those commonly found in the Islamic architecture of Central Asia, but rather semicircular. This is a motif that can be found in the marble 8th-century
651:
and its ruler between 1172-1200. It has been identified as a mausoleum due to the tradition that each ancient Central Asian building is dedicated to a historical or mythical personage.
840:
before it was turned into a site museum in the 1990s. Its structure is mainly square, with a multitude of rooms opening into a large courtyard, and which now house various exhibits.
491:
as "the largest, greatest, most beautiful and most important city of the Turks. It has fine bazaars and broad streets, a great number of buildings and abundance of commodities".
261:
487:
of Khwarazm. Despite the devastating effects of the invasion, the city was revived and it regained its previous status. It was described by the 14th-century Berber traveller
1589:
682:
standing upon the internal dome. Although this might seem like a risky construction technique, the roof is not in bad condition: only the top is destroyed, and the blue
1686:
2011:
693:. It presents a high portal niche with the main archway, which has now lost its original form. The lancet arch of the portal is filled by a complicated system of
770:
The building has a cuboidal structure of baked brick similar to the earliest existing Islamic mausoleum in Central Asia, the early 10th-century mausoleum of the
2006:
2001:
1991:
1582:
1605:
1293:
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The Mausoleum of Sultan Ali, who ruled in the 16th century, is located across. It is a hexagonal monument, with a dome measuring 9.5 meters in diameter.
1373:
Gloukhovsky, Alexandr Ivanovitch, The Passage of the Water of the Amu-Darya by its Old Bed into the Caspian Sea, St Petersburgh, 1893, pages 8,10,15,28.
1664:
615:, a warlord of Turco-Mongol descent. New technologies, such as mosaic faience, show up in Timur's earliest buildings, such as the Aq Saray palace in
603:
conceptualisation of spaces and in its engineering. Both are fully utilised in a conscious way to achieve a visual, aesthetic and spiritual effect.
778:, but instead of a hemispherical dome it has a faceted conical roof. The structure is decorated with a motif carved in relief into brick panels, a
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had barley planted over the ground where the city had once stood, leaving only one mosque standing. This, coupled with the sudden change of the
63:
1653:
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pattern. The decorative scheme of the dome presents a tiling technique executed in turquoise glazed brick tiles, forming a geometric pattern.
1915:
1679:
511:
River's course, constituted the beginning of Kunya-Urgench's decline until the 16th century, when it was replaced as a regional capital by
901:
at Kunya Urgench are still used throughout the region for the production of bricks utilised in the reconstruction of historic buildings.
793:
According to some of the latest scientific discoveries, one of the structure's functions, at a certain point, was that of storing water.
526:. However, this use has now stopped, and efforts have been made to remove the decaying grave stones that can be encountered at the site.
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thick mud-brick wall which dates back to the 10th to 14th centuries, and has been partially rebuilt after archaeological excavations.
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restoration work has been carried out in the past thirty years, during the soviet era, using traditional methods and materials.
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743:. This is one of the structures which was rebuilt during the Khorezm era of prosperity, and also after the Mongol invasion.
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2016:
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inscriptions, the minaret is thought to be an earlier construction, only restored by Kutlug-Timur around 1330.
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dynasty. The city rose to prominence between the 10th and 14th centuries as the Khwarezmian capital, replacing
239:
697:-like forms, which is a decorative motif made of terracotta and fixed on wooden sticks within the brickwork.
1790:
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476:, in what is considered to be one of the bloodiest massacres in human history. Most if not all the ancient
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from the early 19th century, but they mostly developed outside the old town, utilising the latter as a
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430:. Gurjanu served as an important trading center, competing in fame and population with many other
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The exact dates when Kunya-Urgench was founded remain uncertain, but archaeological finds at the
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1470:
Kuehn, S. 2007. 'Tilework on 12th to 14th century funerary monuments in Urgench (Gurganj)', in
1444:
Golombek, L. 2011. 'The Turabeg Khanom Mausoleum in Kunya Urgench: Problems of Attribution, in
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mausoleum, such as, for example, a House of Government or a Palace of the Great Khwarzm-shahs.
1890:
1840:
736:
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semi-circular towers, whilst the inner side of the fortress wall is sustained by buttresses.
1426:
Nomination of the Ancient Town of Kunya-Urgench for the Inclusion on the World Heritage List
1288:
469:
458:. In 1221 both town and dam were destroyed by the Mongols and the surrounding area became a
400:
316:. It is the site of the ancient town of Gurgānj, which contains the ruins of the capital of
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1404:
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were erected by builders and architects employed from Kunya Urgench in the 14th century.
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written in beautiful script, and with carved vegetal motifs displaying variations of an
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1955:
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Najm-ad-Din al-Kubra Mausoleum, Sultan Ali Mausoleum and Piryar Vali Mausoleum Complex
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constructed in the early 20th century. It was built as a mosque and it served as a
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The external conical roof is built of horizontal layers using the technique of a
537:. Some of the first archeological research on the old city site was conducted by
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River, Old Ürgenç was situated on one of the most important medieval paths: the
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1935:
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is scarce throughout the year, with an average of 109 mm (4.36 in).
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926:), with long and hot summers. Winters are relatively short, but quite cold.
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619:, in Uzbekistan, which was begun in 1379 but was still unfinished in 1404.
355:, and the influence of their architectural style and craftsmanship reached
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City in north Turkmenistan on the site of the former capital of Khwarazm
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The museum is located in the brick structure the Dash Mosque, a former
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Chmelnizkij, S. 1995 'The Mausoleum of Tekesh in Kunya Urgench', in
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Timurlane's army besieging the city of Urgench in the 14th century.
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One of the special features of the building's architecture is its
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462:. Konya-Urgench was soon built on or near the site of Jorjania.
451:
356:
1668:
1578:
1446:
Muqarnas. An Annual on the Visual Cultures of the Islamic World
667:. However, the two are located too far away to be considered
1459:
International Congress of Turkish Art: Art Turc, Turkish Art
757:
View of the Il Arslan Mausoleum, Kunya Urgench, Turkmenistan
1349:
Explanatory Dictionary of Geographic Names in Turkmenistan
861:
period, both within Turkmenistan, and in regions such as
593:
Mosaic decoration on the dome of Turabek Khanum Mausoleum
1344:Түркменистаның Географик Атларының Дүшүндиришли Сөзлүги
824:
which has been severely eroded by the passing of time.
1385:
The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, A.D. 1325–1354 (Volume 3)
574:
On the basis of its decorative brickwork, including
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that irrigated the area and blocked the flow of the
1430:
https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1199.pdf
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483:were killed or pushed out, paving the way for the
725:Portal in front of Najm ad-Din al-Kubra Mausoleum
308:, is a city of about 30,000 inhabitants in north
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1364:, "KĀṮ", www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kat-city
533:was developed to the southeast, in present-day
678:. From the inside, it is strengthened with 12
643:This structure is the presumed Tomb of Sultan
1680:
1590:
1461:, Geneve, Fondation Max Van Berchem, 217-221.
626:Tekesh Mausoleum, Kunya Urgench, Turkmenistan
585:Turabek Khanum Mausoleum, view from the south
8:
1294:List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan
30:
1916:Saparmyrat Türkmenbaşy adyndaky (Oktyabrsk)
889:. For example, a multitude of buildings in
300:, literally "Old Gurgānj"), also known as
1687:
1673:
1665:
1597:
1583:
1575:
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1424:Government of Turkmenistan, January 2004.
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43:
29:
1503:UNESCO World Heritage List: Kunya Urgench
1351:]. Ashgabat: Ылым. pp. 189–190.
1310:
1308:
1387:. London: Hakluyt Society. p. 541.
1304:
1654:Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor
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1390:
392:refer, however, remains unexplained.
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246:
231:
223:
215:
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70:
7:
2007:World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan
2002:Populated places along the Silk Road
1992:Archaeological sites in Turkmenistan
1606:World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan
1383:Gibb, H.A.R. trans. and ed. (1971).
518:The area was later inhabited by the
293:
2012:Populated places in Daşoguz Region
828:Kunya Urgench Museum (Dash Mosque)
363:and the later architecture of the
312:, just south from its border with
25:
498:attacked Khwarezm, and its ruler
335:Located on the south side of the
1696:
446:. Just east of the town was the
69:
62:
937:Climate data for Kunya-Urgench
474:Mongol invasion of Central Asia
351:, fortresses, mausoleums and a
1474:, Volume 37, Number 2, 112-129
717:Najm ad-Din al-Kubra Mausoleum
515:and was ultimately abandoned.
1:
1508:Kunya Urgench Nomination File
1341:Atanyýazow, Soltanşa (1980).
924:Köppen climate classification
686:decoration slightly damaged.
655:is decorated with 16 shallow
1796:Daşoguz (Dashhowuz, Tashauz)
1320:UNESCO World Heritage Center
325:List of World Heritage Sites
1649:Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
1484:Climate data: Konye Urgench
1126:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
986:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
2033:
1946:Şabat (Nyýazow, Täzebazar)
1741:Andalyp (Gurbansoltan eje)
1269:
936:
202:UNESCO World Heritage Site
52:Mausoleum in Kunya Urgench
1961:Türkmenbaşy (Krasnovodsk)
1721:
1709:
1612:
1563:
1554:
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1270:Source: Climate-data.org
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1125:
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914:Kunya Urgench has a cold
286:Köneürgenç / کؤنهاۆرگنچ
271:
267:
78:Shown within Turkmenistan
57:
42:
35:
1557:Capital of Iran (Persia)
634:View of Tekesh Mausoleum
598:Turabek-Khanum Mausoleum
1616:Cold Winter Deserts of
396:History and development
1891:Magtymguly (Garrygala)
1761:Balkanabat (Nebit-dag)
1703:Cities of Turkmenistan
1498:Guide in Kunya Urgench
758:
726:
718:
635:
627:
594:
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554:
545:Archaeological remains
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285:
1997:Ruins in Turkmenistan
1448:, Volume 28, 133-156.
756:
739:, the founder of the
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716:
647:, the founder of the
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403:
87:Alternative name
1956:Turkmenabat (Çärjew)
1941:Seýdi (Neftezavodsk)
1881:Köýtendag (Çarşaňňy)
1756:Babadaýhan (Kirovsk)
1751:Aşgabat (Poltoratsk)
1513:Konye-Urgench Museum
741:Kubrawiya Sufi order
568:Kutlug Timur minaret
562:Kutlug-Timur Minaret
553:Kutlug Timur Minaret
539:Alexander Yakubovsky
262:Asia and Australasia
2017:History of Khwarazm
1886:Magdanly (Gowurdak)
1851:Gyzylarbat (Serdar)
1781:Boldumsaz (Kalinin)
1056:Daily mean °C (°F)
848:construction, etc.
762:Il Arslan Mausoleum
167:Khwarazmian dynasty
130: /
32:
1936:Serhetabat (Guşgy)
1826:Garabogaz (Bekdaş)
1811:Etrek (Gyzyletrek)
1791:Darganata (Birata)
1776:Bereket (Gazanjyk)
1771:Bäherden (Baharly)
1530:Khwarazmian Empire
1403:has generic name (
852:Building tradition
797:Ibn Khajib Complex
759:
727:
719:
649:Khwarazmian Empire
636:
628:
595:
587:
555:
481:Khwarazmian people
470:destroyed the city
406:
248:Reference no.
1979:
1978:
1662:
1661:
1623:Bereketli Garagum
1573:
1572:
1564:Succeeded by
1537:Succeeded by
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1273:
737:Najm al-Din Kubra
645:Ala al-Din Tekish
347:, the gates of a
275:
274:
243:
134:42.333°N 59.150°E
16:(Redirected from
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1871:Kerki (Atamyrat)
1786:Dänew (Galkynyş)
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1289:Khanate of Khiva
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639:Tekesh Mausoleum
529:The new town of
434:cities, such as
367:of 16th-century
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103:Daşoguz Province
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1316:"Kunya-Urgench"
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349:caravanserai
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310:Turkmenistan
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107:Turkmenistan
1966:Türkmengala
1821:Garabekewül
1731:Änew (Anau)
1528:Capital of
1326:19 February
867:Afghanistan
815:Khorezm-Bag
676:false vault
489:Ibn Battuta
456:Caspian Sea
448:Gurganj Dam
421:Khwarazmian
361:Afghanistan
302:Old Urgench
294:کهنه گرگانج
137: /
113:Coordinates
92:Old Urgench
1986:Categories
1876:Köneurgenç
1726:Altyn Asyr
1633:, Yeradzhi
1561:1194–1212
1534:1077–1212
1300:References
863:Uzbekistan
695:stalactite
680:buttresses
669:prototypes
617:Shahrisabz
535:Uzbekistan
500:Yusef Sufi
314:Uzbekistan
233:Designated
183:Site notes
153:Settlement
37:Köneürgenç
18:Köneürgenç
1911:Sakarçäge
1766:Baýramaly
1712:Capital:
1627:Gaplaňgyr
1567:Samarkand
1540:Samarkand
1393:cite book
905:Geography
891:Samarkand
788:arabesque
705:Kyrkmolla
541:in 1929.
524:graveyard
509:Amu-Darya
494:In 1373,
465:In 1221,
454:into the
375:Etymology
341:Silk Road
337:Amu Darya
188:Condition
1861:Hojambaz
1806:Esenguly
1714:Ashgabat
1322:. UNESCO
1284:Khwarezm
1278:See also
1196:Average
883:Pakistan
838:madrasah
784:aphorism
772:Samanids
684:majolica
424:Afrighid
331:Overview
318:Khwarazm
225:Criteria
220:Cultural
177:Khwarezm
173:Cultures
99:Location
1971:Ýolöten
1846:Gubadag
1836:Gökdepe
1831:Gazojak
1801:Dostluk
1746:Arkadag
1631:Repetek
1550:Hamadan
1191:(43.5)
1186:(27.0)
1181:(32.0)
1176:(39.9)
1171:(53.1)
1166:(64.4)
1161:(69.3)
1156:(65.1)
1151:(57.6)
1146:(45.9)
1141:(31.1)
1136:(19.2)
1131:(17.6)
1121:(54.3)
1116:(32.2)
1111:(41.0)
1106:(52.0)
1101:(66.7)
1096:(77.5)
1091:(82.2)
1086:(78.6)
1081:(70.3)
1076:(57.4)
1071:(40.6)
1066:(27.9)
1061:(24.8)
1051:(65.3)
1046:(37.6)
1041:(50.2)
1036:(64.2)
1031:(80.4)
1026:(90.7)
1021:(95.4)
1016:(92.1)
1011:(83.3)
1006:(69.3)
1001:(50.7)
996:(36.9)
991:(32.4)
922:in the
910:Climate
834:madrasa
806:Ak-Kala
776:Bukhara
531:Urgench
502:of the
472:in the
436:Bukhara
416:of the
353:minaret
345:mosques
290:Persian
282:Turkmen
240:session
228:ii, iii
163:Periods
158:History
125:59°09′E
122:42°20′N
1926:Şatlyk
1921:Sarahs
1901:Murgap
1736:Akdepe
1265:(4.4)
1260:(0.5)
1255:(0.4)
1250:(0.4)
1245:(0.1)
1240:(0.1)
1235:(0.1)
1230:(0.2)
1225:(0.5)
1220:(0.7)
1215:(0.7)
1210:(0.3)
1205:(0.4)
942:Month
875:Turkey
780:frieze
691:façade
661:mihrab
657:niches
478:Iranic
418:Iranic
390:Gurgan
386:Gurgen
322:UNESCO
306:Urganj
258:Region
238:(29th
191:Ruined
94:Urganj
1951:Tejen
1931:Saýat
1906:Sakar
1856:Halaç
1816:Farap
1618:Turan
1347:[
981:Year
899:kilns
887:India
859:Timur
613:Timur
576:Kufic
513:Khiva
496:Timur
460:marsh
369:India
236:2005
1896:Mary
1866:Kaka
1644:Merv
1405:help
1328:2011
1184:−2.8
1169:11.7
1164:18.0
1159:20.7
1154:18.4
1149:14.2
1139:−0.5
1134:−7.1
1129:−8.0
1119:12.4
1104:11.1
1099:19.3
1094:25.3
1089:27.9
1084:25.9
1079:21.3
1074:14.1
1064:−2.3
1059:−4.0
1049:18.5
1039:10.1
1034:17.9
1029:26.9
1024:32.6
1019:35.2
1014:33.4
1009:28.5
1004:20.7
999:10.4
978:Dec
975:Nov
972:Oct
969:Sep
966:Aug
963:Jul
960:Jun
957:May
954:Apr
951:Mar
948:Feb
945:Jan
885:and
879:Iran
846:Yurt
665:Merv
566:The
452:Oxus
428:Kath
414:Kath
382:abat
357:Iran
252:1199
217:Type
150:Type
1263:109
1189:6.4
1179:0.0
1174:4.4
1144:7.7
1114:0.1
1109:5.0
1069:4.8
1044:3.1
994:2.7
989:0.2
920:BWk
774:in
388:or
304:or
1988::
1629:,
1625:,
1437:^
1413:^
1397::
1395:}}
1391:{{
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359:,
327:.
296:,
292::
288:;
284::
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1584:v
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1428:(
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1248:9
1243:3
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20:)
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