König-class battleship - Knowledge (XXG)

1186: 2748: 1517: 1720:(3.1 in) on the flat portion. Their supporting barbettes were also 30 cm thick on their exposed sides, though they were reduced to 22 cm (8.7 in) on the sections where one barbette blocked direct fire on another. Behind the upper belt, the barbettes were reduced to 14 cm (5.5 in), and behind the main belt, it was thinned further to 8 cm to save weight. Above the upper belt and between the superfiring turret barbettes was an armored battery for the secondary gun casemates. The sides received 17 cm (6.7 in) of armor plate on the outer sides; the interior of each casemate had 2 cm (0.8 in) on the floor and sides and 1.5 cm (0.6 in) on the rear to contain any fragments from shells that penetrated the battery and exploded inside. 1564:

shells and propellant charges from the magazines and brought them to the working chamber, and another transferred them up to the gun house through flash-tight doors; this arrangement was adopted to reduce the risk of fire in the gun house from reaching the magazines. In an effort to reduce the possibility of a fire, everything in the turret was constructed of steel. The guns had a range of elevation from -8 to 15.5 degrees, which provided a maximum range of 16,200 m (53,100 ft). Later in their careers, their mounts were modified to increase maximum elevation at the expense of depression, with the range now -5.5 to 16.5 degrees, increasing their range to 20,400 m (66,900 ft).

2276: 63: 2149: 1727:, the sides were 30 cm (11.8 in) thick and the roof was 15 cm thick, though John Campbell states it received 35.6 cm on the sides, with a small 40.6 cm (16 in) section at the base of the small gunnery control tower, which stood atop the main conning tower. Campbell also provides a thickness of 17 cm for the main tower roof. The rear conning tower was less well armored; its sides were only 20 cm thick and the roof was covered with 5 cm (2 in) of armor plate; all three sources concur on the aft tower. 1050: 1039: 37: 627: 841: 2829:. It became apparent to Reuter that the British intended to seize the German ships on 21 June, which was the deadline for Germany to have signed the peace treaty. Unaware that the deadline had been extended to the 23rd, Reuter ordered his ships be sunk. On the morning of 21 June, the British fleet left Scapa Flow to conduct training maneuvers; at 11:20 Reuter transmitted the order to his ships. Of the four ships, 2553: 2010: 1116:(Imperial Naval Office) to build the vessels by 19 July 1911. Vulcan and Weser received contracts on 11 August, though the finalized orders were not issued until 12 October; final tinkering with the design continued, however, and Tirpitz's decision to abandon the anti-roll tanks came as late as 22 January 1912. The contract for the third ship—actually the first member of the class, 1020:-class battleships initially suffered from severe rolling, though Tirpitz eventually decided against them. By December 1910, the decision was made to retain all fourteen of the 15 cm guns and instead remove two of the 8.8 cm (3.5 in) guns. Although initially intended to use diesel engines on their center shafts, delays in the completion of the prototype for 1707:

stern received 6 to 10 cm of armor, increasing to 12 cm over the steering compartment. At upper deck level, a layer of 3 cm (1.2 in) steel covered the central portion of the ship between the end barbettes. Another layer of 3 cm armor covered the forecastle deck over the secondary battery. Behind the belt, a 4 cm (1.6 in)

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up to 25 degrees for a maximum range of 10,694 m (35,085 ft). In addition, they were slated to carry four 8.8 cm SK L/45 anti-aircraft guns, which were to be mounted on either side of the rear conning tower. Production remained behind schedule and competing demands after the start of the war caused further delivery problems.

2883:, which has occasionally been removed for use in scientific devices. The vessels are popular diving sites, and in 2017, marine archaeologists from the Orkney Research Center for Archaeology conducted extensive surveys of the wrecks. A diving contractor, Tommy Clark, came to own the three battleships and the light cruiser 1699:

15 cm. Further forward, the main belt was reduced to 15 cm, being reduced to 12 cm on the bottom edge. Aft of the citadel, the belt stepped down similarly, to 18 cm (7.1 in) and then 15 cm at the stern (tapering to 15 cm and 13 cm (5.1 in) at the lower edge, respectively).

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battle ranges, they recognized that in the future, an increase in caliber would be unavoidable if Germany was to keep up with developments abroad. Owing to the pressing need to match British construction and keep costs within Tirpitz's budgetary constraints, the naval command decided to simply repeat the design for

1635:. They could be set at three speeds: 35 knots (65 km/h; 40 mph) for a range of 5,000 m (5,468 yd), 28.5 knots (52.8 km/h; 32.8 mph) for a range of 10,700 m (11,702 yd), or 25.5 knots (47.2 km/h; 29.3 mph) for a range of 12,510 m (13,680 yd). 1151:

A fourth ship was authorized under the 1912 program, and the naval command again considered increasing the caliber, this time to 32.3 cm (12.7 in). The increase in weight from the larger guns would be offset by reducing the secondary battery from 15 cm to 12 cm (4.7 in) guns.

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and other navies. They also examined the possibility of increasing the caliber of the guns to 32 cm (12.6 in) in response to the British adoption of 34.3 cm (13.5 in) weapons and the United States' increase to 35.6 cm (14 in) guns since 1909. Tirpitz again argued that at

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to direct the fire of the main guns. These were mounted atop the main and aft conning towers, and ranging data was sent to a central command post that had a Bg-Mittler C/13 rangefinder equalizer that was used to filter out erroneous data and calculate ranges to determine the correct elevation of the

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class was designed, the growth of destroyers had rendered the 8.8 cm gun of marginal use. The six guns were located on either side of the forward conning tower and were all directed forward. These guns were supplied with a total of 3,200 rounds, or 200 shells per gun, The guns could be elevated

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to simplify tactical command. The naval command again hoped that the diesel engine would be ready in time for this vessel, so her propulsion system was redesigned with larger, more powerful turbines than her sisters received. But before work began, it became clear that the diesel would not be ready,

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were temporarily attached to I Scouting Group as several of its battlecruisers had been badly mauled at Jutland and were still under repair. Scheer intended to bombard the British coast, but broke off after he received reports that the Grand Fleet was at sea; in the inconclusive action, German

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was 6 cm (2.4 in) thick over the citadel, sloping down to meet the lower edge of the belt to provide an additional layer of protection against shell fragments; the sloped section of the deck was increased to 10 cm (3.9 in). The forward deck was increased to 10 cm, while the

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as that would entail minimal cost increases in accordance with Tirpitz's wishes. By the third meeting, the question of increasing the caliber was set aside as cost prohibitive; while the naval command believed that the existing 30.5 cm (12 in) gun was sufficiently powerful at the expected

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Scouting Group and the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron approaching. The German battlecruisers were steaming down to starboard, while the British ships steamed to port. At 17:45, Scheer ordered a two-point turn to port to bring his ships closer to the British battlecruisers, and a minute later at 17:46,

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The guns were mounted in DrL C/11 turrets, which were electrically controlled, though the guns were elevated hydraulically. Each turret had a working chamber beneath it that was connected to a set of revolving ammunition hoists leading down to the magazine below it. One set of hoists retrieved the

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class, which averaged a top speed of 22.2 knots (41.1 km/h; 25.5 mph). Normal fuel storage amounted to 850 t (840 long tons) of coal and 150 t (150 long tons) of oil, though additional voids could be used to store up to 3,000 t (3,000 long tons) of coal and 600 t (590

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damage. It met the main armor deck where it began to slope down; above the deck, a 3 cm bulkhead extended upward as additional anti-splinter protection. The compartments created on either side of the torpedo bulkhead were used to store coal for the boilers, which reinforced the structure and

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in the forecastle deck, seven guns per broadside. Each casemate had its own set of magazines and ammunition hoists. These guns were intended for defense against torpedo-armed destroyers, and were supplied with a total of 2,240 shells. Their rate of fire was 4 to 5 shots per minute. The guns

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retained hers for the duration of the war. Another pair of 3-meter rangefinders were installed in the forward- and aftmost main battery turrets, and later in the war, these were replaced with 4.75 m (15 ft 7 in) rangefinders. An improved C/15 version of the Bg-Mittler system was

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The main battery turrets received 30 cm (11.8 in) of armor on their faces, 25.4 cm (10 in) on the sides, and 29 cm (11.4 in) on the rears to balance them. The turret roofs were sloped at the front, where they were 11 cm (4.3 in), decreasing to 8 cm

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to 0.36 m (1 ft 2 in) below the line; an upper strake that was 20 cm (7.9 in) thick covered the side of the hull above the main belt. Forward of the central citadel, the belt thinned to 20 cm for a third of the way to the stem, and on the lower edge it tapered to

1658:, to communicate firing instructions to the guns. The artillery officer used his own periscope sight, which electronically communicated an indicator to the gunners in the turrets; the gunners used their own sights to point the turrets at the target indicated by the artillery officer. 2611:, and in return one German battleship was damaged by a mine. Further bouts of training in the Baltic, along with fruitless sweeps into the North Sea continued through the rest of 1916. During an operation to recover a pair of U-boats that had grounded off the Danish coast, a British 2446:

was struck by several heavy-caliber shells from the German dreadnoughts. One salvo penetrated the ship's ammunition magazines and, in a tremendous explosion, destroyed the cruiser. Another melee with the British cruisers developed an hour later, again over the crippled

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in a superfiring pair, the third was placed on the centerline between the two funnels amidships, and the fourth and fifth turrets were arranged in another superfiring pair aft of the rear conning tower. The centerline arrangement was an improvement over the preceding

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to pass the bill, Tirpitz threatened to resign from his post as the State Secretary for the Navy. As a result of Tirpitz's ultimatum, the bill was passed in March 1908 by a large margin. The reduction in service life necessitated the replacement of the

1363:, had an additional crew of 14 officers and another 68 sailors. While serving as a deputy command flagship, the ships carried an additional 2 officers and 24 enlisted men. The ships carried several smaller boats, including one 1431:

for the main battery, venting into the forward funnel. The third boiler room was located aft of the center magazine, directly ahead of the engine rooms, and venting into the smaller aft funnel. Electrical power was supplied by four

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class was still being finalized. During a meeting on 15 January 1910, Tirpitz mandated that the new class must adhere to the price per ship he had budgeted, owing to the financial problems that had already disrupted his plans. The

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attempted to maneuver his ships in order to cover the stricken cruiser. Simultaneously, the British III and IV Light Cruiser Squadrons began a torpedo attack on the German line; while advancing to torpedo range, they smothered

2733:, but the rest of the Russian vessels withdrew. By 20 October, the Germans had completed their objectives, including the Army's successful assault on Riga, allowing the fleet to return to the North Sea, though 2123:. They also supported mine-laying operations in the North Sea and periodically rotated through the Baltic for periods of training. These operations continued into early 1916, when Pohl was in turn replaced by 705:

under the 1908 amendment. Along with appropriating funds to continue the pace of battleship construction prescribed under the Naval Law, the new amendment also increased the naval budget by an additional

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revealed the danger that dislodged anti-torpedo nets posed to the ships' screws, they were removed. They also had most of their low-angle 8.8 cm guns removed and their firing apertures plated over.

2249:, the battlecruisers of I Scouting Group encountered the British 1st Battlecruiser Squadron, under the command of David Beatty. The opposing ships began an artillery duel that saw the destruction of 1741:

s received relatively minor modifications in their short service lives, all made between mid-1916 and late 1918. The first three ships had their fore masts replaced with the same tubular mast that

2747: 1459:(39 km/h; 24 mph), though on trials, the ships produced between 41,400–46,200 metric horsepower (40,834–45,568 shp). Despite significantly surpassing their intended horsepower, 690:

in 1908. As a result, the funds that had been appropriated for the Navy in the First Amendment, passed in 1906, were going to be used up before they were scheduled to be replenished in 1911.

1631:. One tube was mounted in the bow and the other four were placed on the broadside, two on each side of the ship. The torpedoes were the G7*** type, which carried a 195 kg (430 lb) 2786:, which was dry-docked for maintenance, took part in an abortive attempt to intercept a British convoy to Norway in late April. The ships suffered a series of accidents in 1918, including 1483:

reached 21.2 knots (39.3 km/h; 24.4 mph) and 21.3 knots (39.4 km/h; 24.5 mph), respectively. This was a result of the fact that the tests were run after the start of

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The High Seas Fleet saw little significant activity for the rest of 1917 and into mid-1918, apart from routine training exercises and guard duties in the German Bight. In January 1918,

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s fired heavily on the British cruisers, but even sustained fire from the Germans' main guns failed to drive off the British cruisers. In the ensuing melee, the British armored cruiser

2261:, less than a half an hour later. By this time, the German battlecruisers were steaming south in order to draw the British ships towards the main body of the High Seas Fleet. At 17:30, 1627:

As was customary for capital ships of the dreadnought era, the ships were armed with five 50 cm (19.7 in) submerged torpedo tubes, which were supplied with a total of sixteen

2377:, was crippled and lying directly in the path of the advancing German line. Both destroyers were sunk, but German torpedo boats stopped to pick up survivors. At around 18:00, the four 1795:

C/16 gyroscopic stabilizing system for the main guns, which improved accuracy by accounting for the roll of the ships and changes in gun elevation as they moved through the water.

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could depress to −7 degrees and elevate to 20 degrees, for a maximum range of 13,500 m (14,800 yd). Their muzzle velocity was 835 m/s (2,740 ft/s).

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The ships of the class were equipped with three sets of steam turbines, each set consisting of a high and low-pressure turbine. The turbines were manufactured by Parsons for

4339: 2355:. The two destroyers closed in on the German line and, having endured a hail of gunfire, maneuvered into a good firing position. Each ship launched two torpedoes apiece at 2199:

made up V Division of III Battle Squadron, and they were the vanguard of the fleet. III Battle Squadron was the first of three battleship units; directly astern were the

4922: 2087:, which had been sent to intercept their German counterparts (as the British were able to decipher German codes thanks to a set of code books captured from the cruiser 2175:

on 31 May–1 June 1916. The operation again sought to draw out and isolate a portion of the Grand Fleet and destroy it before the main British fleet could retaliate.

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Another effect of the 1908 amendment was to reduce the service life of all large warships from twenty-five years to twenty; this was done in an effort to force the

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in October 1918, by which time the war had turned decisively against Germany. When rumors of the plan began to circulate among the fleet's crews, sailors began to

1243:, they displaced 28,600 t (28,100 long tons). The hulls were constructed with transverse and longitudinal steel frames, over which the outer hull plates were 1415:. Each engine drove a three-bladed screw propeller that was 3.8 m (12 ft) in diameter. The high and low-pressure turbines were grouped into their own 2538:-class ships, along with other capital ships—those that were still in fighting condition—had their fuel and ammunition stocks replenished in the inner harbor. 1508:(15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at a speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), which was halved when cruising at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). 5260: 2836: 2058: 1885: 605: 1321:

said the German navy considered the ships to be "very good sea-boats", and that they possessed a gentle motion. They suffered a slight loss of speed in a

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both completed their trials in January 1915, after which they joined their sisters in III Battle Squadron. They took part in a series of sweeps into the

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to allocate more funds for additional ships, since vessels would then need to be replaced sooner than originally planned. In his effort to force the

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ran the length of the hull, several meters behind the main belt; the bulkhead was designed to contain flooding that might result from torpedo or

2627:, though both ships returned to port for repairs. In 1917, the heavy units of the High Seas Fleet were largely restricted to guard duty in the 516:

in late 1914. The year 1915 passed uneventfully, as a series of sweeps into the North Sea failed to bring contact with elements of the British

4543: 4308: 4285: 4259: 4240: 4221: 4174: 4150: 4131: 4112: 4093: 4071: 4028: 4009: 3987: 3945: 3926: 2825:, was interned in the British naval base at Scapa Flow. The fleet remained in captivity during the negotiations that ultimately produced the 2133: 2023:

After the start of the war in July 1914, work on the vessels was accelerated so they would be available for operations as soon as possible.

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of about three shots per minute. The barrels had an expected life of two hundred full-power shots before they would need to be replaced.

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class, as all ten guns could fire on a wide arc on the broadside, and four guns could fire directly ahead, as opposed to only two on the

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Nottelmann, Dirk (2018). "From Ironclads to Dreadnoughts: The Development of the German Navy 1864–1918, Part IX: "Summit and Decline"".

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The proposal was ultimately rejected in favor of building another vessel identical to the 1911 ships to create a homogeneous four-ship

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underwent repairs through July and then conducted training in the Baltic in August before taking part in the sortie that led to the

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struck a mine but was able to remain in action. The next phase, the clearing of naval forces in the gulf, began four days later as

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in response to the raid, Scheer took the fleet back to port to avoid a confrontation with the numerically superior British fleet.

1325:, and with the rudders hard over, the ships lost up to 66% speed and heeled over 8 degrees. The battleships had a transverse 4947: 4621: 4209: 2384: 2879:

metal. The other three ships remain on the sea floor, and were sold to Britain in 1962. The wrecks have been used as sources of

4972: 4607: 1853: 1125: 844: 753: 4450: 4424: 2803: 2692: 593: 4369: 1893: 1085: 405: 2275: 661:, which had been passed in 1908 as a response to the revolution in naval technology created with the launch of the British 4831: 4614: 4557: 2818: 1971: 4657: 4564: 4550: 4536: 2934:) denotes that the gun is quick loading, while the L/50 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/50 gun is 50 2777: 2232: 2148: 1987: 1871: 760: 654: 637: 466: 1163:—was reconfigured to accept a third turbine. Only one significant change was introduced for the new ship, which became 5250: 978:

form, but introduced several improvements, the most significant being the re-arrangement of the main battery. The two

4518: 1587:, mounted in casemates; previous German capital ships had carried a larger number of these guns, but by the time the 2635:. During this period, the ships underwent refits that included the installation of the heavy tubular foremasts that 465:

pairs fore and aft. Budgetary constraints and the need to begin construction quickly to compete with Britain in the

5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5017: 4592: 4528: 4490: 2965: 2857:

did not sink until 16:45; she was one of the last capital ships to be successfully scuttled—only the battlecruiser

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helped to absorb blast effects; pumps were located amidships to drain these compartments in the event of flooding.

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Die Linienschiffe der Kaiserlichen Marine: 1906–1918; Konstruktionen zwischen Rüstungskonkurrenz und Flottengesetz

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For example, the front section of the forward superfiring turret, which was shielded by the turret in front of it.

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to secure its seaward flank. The Navy transferred significant elements of the High Seas Fleet, including the four

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retained two of those guns and the former had her anti-aircraft guns replaced with four low-angle mounts in 1918.

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forced the Navy to return to the traditional all-turbine arrangement for the first member of the class. Partial

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Naval Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory

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of 9.19 m (30 ft 2 in), and a rear draft of 9 m (29 ft 6 in). As designed, the

5107: 5102: 4896: 4877: 4857: 4777: 4756: 4749: 4511: 4497: 4483: 4408: 4399: 1210: 850: 767: 677: 423: 189: 91: 78: 3888: 879:(Construction Department, referred to as "K") was as that time occupied with work on the new battlecruiser 4867: 4852: 4763: 2697:. The attack began on 12 October, with the German battleships bombarding Russian coastal batteries on the 2076: 1866: 1248: 1240: 669: 662: 630: 383: 175: 149: 5162: 3976:

Campbell, N. J. M. & Sieche, Erwin (1986). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).

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During a series of three meetings in May 1910, further details were discussed, including adopting triple

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after Jutland, the surface fleet declined in significance, though major fleet elements were sent to the

458: 36: 5182: 5177: 4798: 4641: 2367:, though all four weapons missed. In return, a secondary battery shell from one of the battleships hit 2119:

that failed to locate British forces through 1915, by which time Ingenohl had been replaced by Admiral

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The Battleships of the Imperial Navy: 1906–1918; Constructions between Arms Competition and Fleet Laws

5172: 5152: 5137: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5097: 5092: 4957: 4929: 4884: 4872: 4823: 4770: 4714: 2884: 2880: 2811: 2720: 2645: 2493: 1948: 1679: 1428: 743: 597: 570: 68: 4214:

Battleships of World War I: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Battleships of all Nations, 1914–1918

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of the ships, where the ammunition magazines and propulsion machinery spaces were located. The main

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were planned for the ships, but they could not be readied in time, so all four vessels reverted to

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s first salvos fell short of her target, and so she shifted her fire to the nearest British ship,

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had requested but failed to secure funding for new battleships; they had now been approved by the

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in 1914, work on the ships was accelerated; all four ships were completed in the early months of

389: 2698: 2075:. During the operation on the morning of 16 December, the High Seas Fleet, commanded by Admiral 618:, but the other three vessels remain on the sea floor, where they remain popular diving sites. 4815: 4304: 4281: 4255: 4236: 4217: 4197: 4170: 4146: 4127: 4108: 4089: 4067: 4024: 4005: 3983: 3964: 3955:

Campbell, N. J. M. (1977). Preston, Antony (ed.). "German Dreadnoughts and Their Protection".

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Conceptual work for the next class of battleship had already begun while the design for the

711: 546: 509: 505: 4435: 840: 4633: 2632: 2307: 2129: 2044: 1687: 1565: 1433: 1423:, three of which burned oil and the remainder burning coal. These were divided into three 1131: 1111: 821: 810: 673: 574: 538: 493: 4081: 1318: 1300:

s as well. The first three ships were fitted with a pair of pole masts to support their

897:(General Navy Department, referred to as "A") began to make preparations in early 1910. 4678: 2858: 2787: 2758: 2653: 2552: 2256: 2072: 2009: 1911: 1540: 1214: 1105: 1011: 626: 554: 525: 17: 5244: 4691: 4576: 4383: 2608: 2475: 2412: 2398: 2120: 2088: 1964: 1859: 1572: 1505: 1368: 1322: 1268: 1252: 1164: 1136:

as compensation. It was still hoped that the diesels could still be installed aboard

1002:. To offset the weight increase of these changes, a pair of 15 cm (5.9 in) 991: 922: 719: 615: 501: 474: 470: 417: 350: 309: 274: 243: 3938:

Distant Victory: The Battle of Jutland and the Allied Triumph in the First World War

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Battleships and Battlecruisers 1905–1970: Historical Development of the Capital Ship

4844: 4599: 4376: 3997: 2657: 2628: 2563: 2521: 2418: 2159: 1982: 1932: 1724: 1557: 1301: 1218: 1091: 1007: 910: 880: 722:, but the increased cost of the new ships forced him to reduce the number of ships 715: 550: 434: 411: 324: 4362: 1844: 1723:

The forward conning tower was protected with heavy armor. According to Gröner and

1079: 672:, which were significantly larger—and correspondingly more expensive—than the old 395: 2306:

were the first to reach effective gunnery range; they engaged the battlecruisers

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and thus had to be conducted in the safer, but shallower, waters of the western

1484: 1456: 1416: 1364: 1267:. The ships' superstructure was minimal, consisting of a set of forward and aft 1260: 1130:(Imperial Shipyard), while Schichau received the contract for the battlecruiser 983: 979: 900: 723: 485: 481: 442: 344: 262: 2394:, though the firing lasted only a short time before the range widened too far. 1427:, the first two of which were placed between the forward and center ammunition 726:

per year to two beginning in the 1912 fiscal year and continuing through 1917.

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was to have received one as well, but it does not appear that she did, while

2964:, which is congruent with the German perspective. This is one hour ahead of 2807: 2730: 2612: 2505: 2481: 2372: 2171:

The four ships took part in the fleet sortie that resulted in the battle of

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Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea

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not to risk the fleet and fearing he had located the scouts for the entire

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were completed in the first weeks of World War I; the latter had completed

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on 15–16 December, again providing distant support to the battlecruisers.

994:. The armor layout was also revised slightly to improve protection of the 4699: 2821:, the majority of the High Seas Fleet, under the command of Rear Admiral 2671: 2068: 1939: 1576: 1278: 1264: 1236: 1170: 1101: 1027: 362: 169: 4088:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 2532:, took up defensive positions outside the Wilhelmshaven locks. The four 1440:; total electrical output was 2,040 kW (2,740 hp) at 225 4235:. Vol. 2: Kaiser, König And Bayern Classes. Oxford: Osprey Books. 2939: 2679: 2172: 1904: 1632: 1628: 277:(15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) 2544:

was the only member of the class to emerge from the action undamaged.

2205:-class battleships of VI Division, III Battle Squadron. Astern of the 925:, though trials with the prototype engine for the center shaft of the 693:

In the terms of the First Amendment to the Naval Law of 1906, Admiral

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rearranged to improve the guns' firing arcs. Instead of the staggered

4984: 2872: 2790:, that required dry-docking for repairs. Scheer, now the head of the 2682:, and destroying the Russian naval forces in the gulf, including the 2604: 2137: 2094: 1943: 1691: 1376: 1314: 794: 1419:. Steam for the turbines was provided by fifteen Schulz-Thornycroft 1148:, but it was still not ready by the time work began on the vessels. 2631:, as the strategic priority of the German fleet had shifted to the 1539:

in five twin turrets. Two turrets were mounted forward of the main

1217:. They had a beam of 29.5 m (96 ft 9 in), a forward 534:

the only member of the class to avoid being damaged in the action.

524:

on 31 May – 1 June 1916, where they formed the front of the German

5127: 3010: 3008: 2876: 2746: 2551: 2285:-class battleship firing her main guns at Jutland, by Claus Bergen 2274: 2147: 2008: 1515: 1244: 1232: 1184: 999: 839: 625: 165: 2719:

led an attempt to break through Russian defenses. In the ensuing

1556:

s. The guns were supplied with 90 shells per gun, and they had a

1096:—were ordered for the 1911 program. Several shipyards, including 885:, delaying the initiation of formal planning for what became the 4278:

Spoils of War: The Fate of Enemy Fleets after the Two World Wars

4040:"Archaeologists Map Famed Shipwrecks and War Graves in Scotland" 2675: 2649: 2371:

and wrecked her engine room. The ship, along with the destroyer

1975: 1441: 1372: 1177:. This was later retrofitted to the other members of the class. 779:

s and replaced the remaining coastal defense ships, leaving the

4439: 4321: 2871:

was eventually raised, on 29 April 1938. The ship was towed to

2462:

By the time the German fleet returned to the Jade estuary, the

1654:

guns. This information was then sent to the R.W. Geber C/13, a

1353:

each had a standard crew of 41 officers and 1095 enlisted men;

1030:

was introduced, which provided greater power for the turbines.

2132:. The ships again provided cover for I Scouting Group when it 1471:

still managed only 21 knots on their speed trials, while

1678:

class. The steel used for the ships' protection consisted of

668:

in 1906. Many of the world's navies began building their own

953:, the civilian "K" chief, preferred a simple development of 2079:, briefly clashed with the destroyer screen of the British 1694:

extended from 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) above the

791:-class ships were ordered under the provisional names "S", 2814:, which forced Scheer and Hipper to cancel the operation. 1770:

only had two of her low-angle guns removed in 1917, while

592:-class ships saw little activity thereafter and plans for 422:. The design for the ships was derived from the preceding 3889:"Sunken WW1 Scapa Flow warships sold for £85,000 on eBay" 2839:. She slipped beneath the waters of Scapa Flow at 13:15. 826:, the latter three as replacements for three of the four 653:

were authorized in the context of the early-20th-century

480:

As tensions in Europe spiraled out of control during the

4002:

The Kaiser's Battlefleet: German Capital Ships 1871–1918

3863:"Scapa Flow: Sunken WW1 battleships up for sale on eBay" 2670:. The objectives included seizing the Baltic islands of 2047:, which provided distant cover to the battlecruisers of 1504:

long tons) of oil. The ships' cruising radius was 8,000

1173:

that was capable of supporting a heavier fire direction

909:, the chief of "A", expressed a desire to rearrange the 394:(Imperial Navy) in the early 1910s. The class comprised 2938:, meaning that the gun is 50 times as long as it is in 1209:-class ships were 174.7 m (573 ft 2 in) 1157:

so the center engine room—which had been left empty in

1014:

to help stabilize the ships, as the recently completed

949:

least one of the new ships should use a diesel engine.

4303:] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. 4066:] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3104: 3102: 3100: 2802:, the fleet commander, planned an operation to seek a 944:

for the main battery, following their adoption by the

3406: 3404: 3242: 3240: 2656:, it requested assistance from the Navy to clear the 714:. Tirpitz had initially planned on building four new 3259: 3257: 3255: 3227: 4983: 4956: 4938: 4915: 4842: 4814: 4690: 4632: 4575: 4527: 4471: 3982:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 134–189. 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3155: 3153: 2459:received a hit aft that caused significant damage. 1255:that ran for 88% of the length of the hull. A long 1010:were to be removed. "K" considered the adoption of 437:

of ten 30.5 cm (12 in) guns in five twin-

4295:Koop, Gerhard & Schmolke, Klaus-Peter (1999). 4124:"Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918 3087: 3085: 3083: 2343:-class battleships began firing on the destroyers 1618:had another pair installed by 1918, by which time 1491:. In service running under normal conditions, the 921:fire, while Tirpitz reiterated his preference for 496:. They took part in a number of operations in the 3979:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 3347: 3014: 2999: 2889:in 1981, which he later placed for sale in 2019. 2324:, respectively, at a range of 21,000 yards. 528:. As a result, they received numerous hits, with 2928:In Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, "SK" ( 2907:were all purchased by a Middle Eastern company. 1649:-class carried a pair of 3 m (9.8 ft) 2968:, the time zone commonly used in British works. 2267:, the leading German battleship, spotted both I 1666:The general layout of the armor scheme for the 785:s as the next vessels to be replaced. The four 2067:, assigned to III Battle Squadron, formed the 676:battleships. The Germans began their own, the 537:As the German fleet shifted priorities to the 4451: 4333: 2724: 1600:received her original complement in 1915 and 8: 2929: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2866: 2852: 2846: 2840: 2830: 2791: 2781: 2771: 2765: 2752: 2734: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2661: 2636: 2622: 2616: 2597: 2591: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2557: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2509: 2487: 2463: 2454: 2448: 2435: 2429: 2422: 2410: 2378: 2362: 2356: 2338: 2325: 2301: 2295: 2289: 2280: 2262: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2153: 2124: 2110: 2104: 2093:in August). Ingenohl, under orders from the 2062: 2052: 2030: 2024: 2014: 1980: 1909: 1864: 1851: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1742: 1736: 1673: 1667: 1644: 1619: 1613: 1607: 1601: 1595: 1588: 1551: 1545: 1530: 1521: 1498: 1492: 1478: 1472: 1466: 1460: 1410: 1404: 1394: 1388: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1317:placed side by side. German naval historian 1305: 1292: 1286: 1285:to accommodate an admiral's staff. In 1917, 1272: 1222: 1204: 1190: 1158: 1143: 1137: 1123: 1117: 1109: 1067: 1059: 1021: 1015: 986:over the forward-most turret, and the other 970: 961: 954: 926: 898: 892: 886: 874: 867: 857: 856:, which provided the starting point for the 827: 816: 805: 792: 786: 780: 774: 736: 730: 698: 644: 609: 587: 564: 558: 529: 452: 446: 387: 375: 41: 27:Battleship class of the German Imperial Navy 3963:(4). London: Conway Maritime Press: 12–20. 2960:The times mentioned in this section are in 2837:scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow 2059:raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool, and Whitby 1247:. The ships' hulls each contained eighteen 1213:, and 175.4 m (575 ft 6 in) 4458: 4444: 4436: 4340: 4326: 4318: 1814: 514:Raid on Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby 488:and they were rushed into service to join 5231:List of ships of the Imperial German Navy 4194:International Naval Research Organization 1571:Secondary armament consisted of fourteen 1189:Plan and elevation view of a ship of the 5222:Building for the Netherlands when seized 4466:German naval ship classes of World War I 3940:. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. 2819:capitulation of Germany in November 1918 2397:Shortly after 19:00, the German cruiser 2383:s shifted their fire to the approaching 1807:had an improved C/17 version installed. 1535:s were armed with a main battery of ten 341:: 12 to 35 cm (4.7 to 13.8 in) 4254:. London: Cassell Military Paperbacks. 2980: 2921: 2723:, the German battleships badly damaged 2641:had received when initially completed. 1291:received an enlarged bridge similar to 982:were both moved to the centerline, one 4297:Von der Nassau – zur König-Klasse 3921:. Garden City: Doubleday and Company. 3513: 3489: 3477: 3395: 3371: 3171: 3144: 3132: 3074: 3062: 3026: 1329:of 2.59 m (8 ft 6 in). 573:there, where they damaged the Russian 347:: 6 to 10 cm (2.4 to 3.9 in) 31: 2798:(Naval Warfare Command), and Admiral 2158:-class ship under fire at Jutland by 1686:was 35 cm (13.8 in) in the 1313:Steering was controlled by a pair of 520:. All four ships were present at the 188:175.4 m (575 ft 6 in) 7: 4276:Dodson, Aidan; Cant, Serena (2020). 4107:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 4023:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 3465: 3453: 3441: 3410: 3383: 3359: 3335: 3323: 3299: 3287: 3275: 2845:followed 15 minutes later at 13:30. 2434:with fire from their main guns. The 2403:had become disabled by a shell from 1568:was 855 m/s (2,810 ft/s). 1447:The power plant was rated at 31,000 469:prevented any more radical changes. 457:s placed their main guns all on the 3837: 3789: 3777: 3753: 3729: 3681: 3669: 3657: 3645: 3633: 3621: 3609: 3597: 3585: 3573: 3561: 3549: 3525: 3246: 2101:, disengaged and returned to port. 2043:on 3 November 1914, as part of the 5261:World War I battleships of Germany 5216:Building for Argentina when seized 3849: 3825: 3813: 3801: 3765: 3705: 3429: 3311: 3263: 3231: 3198: 3159: 3120: 3108: 3091: 3050: 3038: 2987: 2810:in large numbers, leading to the 2504:took up guard duties in the outer 2272:the order to open fire was given. 2019:-class battleships in 1915 or 1916 1612:had two guns installed that year. 1281:and accordingly received a larger 636:spurred a major escalation of the 600:. All four ships were interned at 320:4 × 8.8 cm anti-aircraft guns 223:12 × coal-fired water-tube boilers 207:9.19 m (30 ft 2 in) 199:29.5 m (96 ft 9 in) 178:: 28,600 t (28,100 long tons) 25: 4280:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. 4004:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. 3741: 3717: 3693: 3537: 3501: 2851:sank at approximately 14:00, but 2804:final battle with the Grand Fleet 1917:Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg 1747:received as completed. After the 1672:class was similar to that of the 1310:received a heavier tubular mast. 659:Second Amendment to the Naval Law 549:to secure several islands in the 2739:was mined on the return voyage. 2134:bombarded Yarmouth and Lowestoft 1585:8.8 cm SK L/45 quick-firing guns 1048: 1037: 594:a final attack on the Royal Navy 61: 35: 4252:Jutland: The German Perspective 4216:. Harrisburg: Stackpole Books. 4038:Gannon, Megan (4 August 2017). 2648:prepared to attack the city of 2136:in April. When the Grand Fleet 1575:, each mounted individually in 1573:15 cm SK L/45 quick-firing guns 1359:, which became the flagship of 966:with some of the improvements. 604:after the war, where they were 4425:List of battleships of Germany 4301:From the Nassau to König Class 4169:. New York: Ballantine Books. 4105:A Naval History of World War I 2875:, where she was broken up for 2337:. Simultaneously, the leading 894:Allgemeinen Marinedepartements 323:5 × 50 cm (19.7 in) 316:8.8 cm (3.5 in) guns 304:30.5 cm (12 in) guns 1: 4916:Small / Coastal torpedo boats 4233:German Battleships: 1914–1918 3936:Butler, Daniel Allen (2006). 3672:, pp. 140, 169, 172–175. 2835:was the first to sink in the 477:for their propulsion system. 310:15 cm (5.9 in) guns 2039:in time to take part in the 655:Anglo-German naval arms race 638:Anglo-German naval arms race 467:Anglo-German naval arms race 4529:Pre-dreadnought battleships 4126:. Amherst: Humanity Books. 2863:sank afterwards, at 17:00. 2684:pre-dreadnought battleships 2255:, shortly after 17:00, and 2051:that carried out the raid. 1583:The ships also carried six 1108:, submitted tenders to the 683:, in 1907, followed by the 596:in October 1918 led to the 353:: 30 cm (11.8 in) 265:(39 km/h; 24 mph) 5277: 4086:German Warships: 1815–1945 3917:Breyer, Siegfried (1973). 2245:Shortly before 16:00 2164: 2081:1st Battlecruiser Squadron 1872:Wilhelm II von Württemberg 1624:received two of the guns. 969:The design staff used the 891:design. Nevertheless, the 801:Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm 545:in September 1917 to wage 5191: 4420: 4394: 4358: 4145:. New York: Lyons Press. 4143:The History of Shipwrecks 4103:Halpern, Paul G. (1995). 4019:Friedman, Norman (2011). 1963: 1931: 1892: 1884: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1651:stereoscopic rangefinders 1455:), for a top speed of 21 1251:and were equipped with a 140: 51: 34: 4250:Tarrant, V. E. (2001) . 4122:Herwig, Holger (1998) . 3480:, pp. 295, 297–299. 2590:; during the operation, 2588:action of 19 August 1916 1277:was built as a squadron 937:were not yet completed. 876:Konstruktionsdepartement 606:scuttled on 21 June 1919 5256:König-class battleships 4141:Konstam, Angus (2002). 4058:Grießmer, Axel (1999). 3135:, pp. 287–289 293. 2607:sank a pair of British 1497:s were faster than the 1263:to the aft superfiring 1249:watertight compartments 1181:General characteristics 1169:, was a larger tubular 670:dreadnought battleships 614:was raised in 1938 and 429:, using the same basic 384:dreadnought battleships 141:General characteristics 2930: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2867: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2831: 2792: 2782: 2772: 2766: 2761: 2753: 2735: 2725: 2715: 2709: 2703: 2662: 2637: 2623: 2617: 2598: 2592: 2582: 2576: 2570: 2566: 2558: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2510: 2488: 2464: 2455: 2453:; during this period, 2449: 2436: 2430: 2423: 2411: 2379: 2363: 2357: 2339: 2326: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2263: 2219: 2213: 2211:-class ships were the 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2162: 2154: 2125: 2111: 2105: 2077:Friedrich von Ingenohl 2063: 2053: 2031: 2025: 2020: 2015: 1981: 1910: 1865: 1852: 1803: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1743: 1737: 1674: 1668: 1645: 1620: 1614: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1589: 1552: 1546: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1499: 1493: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1411: 1405: 1395: 1389: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1331: 1306: 1293: 1287: 1273: 1223: 1205: 1200: 1191: 1159: 1144: 1138: 1124: 1118: 1110: 1078:The first three ships— 1068: 1060: 1022: 1016: 971: 962: 955: 927: 899: 893: 887: 875: 868: 863: 858: 828: 817: 806: 793: 787: 781: 775: 737: 731: 699: 645: 640: 610: 588: 565: 559: 530: 453: 447: 388: 376: 150:Dreadnought battleship 42: 18:König class battleship 4958:Coastal defense ships 4186:Warship International 3348:Campbell & Sieche 3015:Campbell & Sieche 3000:Campbell & Sieche 2750: 2644:In September, as the 2555: 2548:Subsequent operations 2278: 2151: 2012: 1656:fire-control director 1519: 1211:long at the waterline 1188: 946:Austro-Hungarian Navy 843: 744:coastal defense ships 629: 386:built for the German 5198:Single ship of class 4545:Kaiser Friedrich III 4231:Staff, Gary (2010). 2881:low-background steel 2812:Wilhelmshaven mutiny 2778:Crown Prince William 2721:Battle of Moon Sound 2646:Imperial German Army 2529:Prinzregent Luitpold 2238:pre-dreadnoughts of 2057:participated in the 1949:Margraviate of Baden 1680:Krupp cemented armor 1537:30.5 cm SK L/50 guns 1520:The rear turrets of 1367:, three barges, two 1160:Prinzregent Luitpold 1023:Prinzregent Luitpold 963:Prinzregent Luitpold 956:Prinzregent Luitpold 934:Prinzregent Luitpold 846:Friedrich der Grosse 718:per year, including 598:Wilhelmshaven mutiny 571:Battle of Moon Sound 382:was a group of four 69:Imperial German Navy 3780:, pp. 280–282. 3768:, pp. 747–748. 3732:, pp. 213–218. 3708:, pp. 682–683. 3600:, pp. 110–111. 3576:, pp. 100–101. 3492:, pp. 299–300. 3386:, pp. 337–338. 3338:, pp. 143–144. 3326:, pp. 135–137. 3174:, pp. 291–292. 3077:, pp. 283–285. 3065:, pp. 282–283. 3002:, pp. 145–146. 2514:-class battleships 2492:-class battleships 2468:-class battleships 2392:5th Battle Squadron 2085:2nd Battle Squadron 1817: 1409:, and Bergmann for 1361:III Battle Squadron 1239:) normally, but at 1195:class, from Jane's 500:as support for the 490:III Battle Squadron 46:in Scapa Flow, 1919 5251:Battleship classes 4816:Protected cruisers 4352:-class battleships 3816:, pp. 28, 51. 3504:, pp. 29, 32. 3456:, pp. 13, 15. 3444:, pp. 13, 19. 2780:. The ships, less 2762: 2729:and forced her to 2567: 2287: 2240:II Battle Squadron 2163: 2021: 1816:Construction data 1815: 1527: 1421:water-tube boilers 1327:metacentric height 1259:deck ran from the 1201: 864: 764:-class battleships 695:Alfred von Tirpitz 641: 390:Kaiserliche Marine 290:1,095 enlisted men 219:water-tube boilers 5238: 5237: 4940:Aircraft carriers 4433: 4432: 4310:978-3-7637-5994-1 4287:978-1-5267-4198-1 4261:978-0-304-35848-9 4242:978-1-84603-468-8 4223:978-0-8117-0211-9 4176:978-0-345-40878-5 4161:Massie, Robert K. 4152:978-1-58574-620-0 4133:978-1-57392-286-9 4114:978-1-55750-352-7 4095:978-0-87021-790-6 4073:978-3-7637-5985-9 4030:978-1-84832-100-7 4011:978-1-84832-229-5 3989:978-0-85177-245-5 3947:978-0-275-99073-2 3928:978-0-385-07247-2 3744:, pp. 31–36. 3720:, pp. 30–36. 3564:, pp. 94–95. 3540:, pp. 29–35. 3528:, pp. 31–33. 3468:, pp. 14–15. 3278:, pp. 16–17. 3201:, pp. 27–28. 3111:, pp. 89–90. 3053:, pp. 26–27. 2827:Versailles Treaty 2823:Ludwig von Reuter 2773:Kronprinz Wilhelm 2231:were the elderly 2225:I Battle Squadron 2167:Battle of Jutland 2144:Battle of Jutland 2002: 2001: 1995:21 February 1914 1854:Kaiserliche Werft 1749:Battle of Jutland 1449:metric horsepower 1438:diesel generators 1126:Kaiserliche Werft 569:took part in the 522:Battle of Jutland 371: 370: 88:Succeeded by 43:Kronprinz Wilhelm 16:(Redirected from 5268: 4826:Kaiserin Augusta 4634:Armored cruisers 4460: 4453: 4446: 4437: 4371:Grosser Kurfürst 4342: 4335: 4328: 4319: 4314: 4291: 4265: 4246: 4227: 4205: 4180: 4156: 4137: 4118: 4099: 4077: 4054: 4052: 4050: 4034: 4015: 3993: 3972: 3951: 3932: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3799: 3793: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3763: 3757: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 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2452: 2439: 2433: 2426: 2416: 2382: 2366: 2364:Grosser Kurfürst 2360: 2342: 2332: 2329: 2305: 2299: 2297:Grosser Kurfürst 2293: 2284: 2270: 2266: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2184:Grosser Kurfürst 2180: 2157: 2128: 2114: 2108: 2066: 2064:Grosser Kurfürst 2056: 2054:Grosser Kurfürst 2049:I Scouting Group 2041:Raid on Yarmouth 2034: 2032:Grosser Kurfürst 2028: 2018: 1998:8 November 1914 1986: 1915: 1895:Grosser Kurfürst 1870: 1857: 1818: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1786:Grosser Kurfürst 1782: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1761:Grosser Kurfürst 1757: 1746: 1740: 1709:torpedo bulkhead 1677: 1671: 1648: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1605: 1599: 1597:Grosser Kurfürst 1592: 1555: 1549: 1534: 1525: 1523:Grosser Kurfürst 1502: 1496: 1482: 1476: 1474:Grosser Kurfürst 1470: 1464: 1434:turbo generators 1414: 1408: 1406:Grosser Kurfürst 1398: 1392: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1340: 1338:Grosser Kurfürst 1334: 1309: 1299: 1296: 1290: 1276: 1226: 1208: 1194: 1162: 1147: 1141: 1139:Grosser Kurfürst 1129: 1121: 1115: 1087:Grosser Kurfürst 1071: 1063: 1052: 1041: 1025: 1019: 974: 965: 958: 930: 904: 896: 890: 878: 871: 861: 831: 820: 809: 798: 790: 784: 778: 740: 734: 709: 704: 648: 613: 611:Grosser Kurfürst 591: 568: 562: 547:Operation Albion 533: 510:Raid on Yarmouth 508:, including the 506:I Scouting Group 456: 450: 407:Grosser Kurfürst 393: 379: 230:(31,000 PS) 67: 65: 64: 45: 39: 32: 21: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5265: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5187: 4979: 4952: 4934: 4911: 4838: 4833:Victoria Louise 4810: 4686: 4628: 4571: 4523: 4467: 4464: 4434: 4429: 4416: 4390: 4354: 4346: 4311: 4294: 4288: 4275: 4272: 4270:Further reading 4262: 4249: 4243: 4230: 4224: 4210:Preston, Antony 4208: 4183: 4177: 4159: 4153: 4140: 4134: 4121: 4115: 4102: 4096: 4080: 4074: 4057: 4048: 4046: 4044:Livescience.com 4037: 4031: 4018: 4012: 3996: 3990: 3975: 3954: 3948: 3935: 3929: 3916: 3913: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3872: 3870: 3861: 3860: 3856: 3848: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3800: 3796: 3788: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3764: 3760: 3752: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3728: 3724: 3716: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3496: 3488: 3484: 3476: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3452: 3448: 3440: 3436: 3428: 3417: 3409: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3382: 3378: 3370: 3366: 3358: 3354: 3346: 3342: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3262: 3253: 3245: 3238: 3230: 3205: 3197: 3178: 3170: 3166: 3158: 3151: 3143: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3119: 3115: 3107: 3098: 3090: 3081: 3073: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3049: 3045: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3021: 3013: 3006: 2998: 2994: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2972: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2946: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2745: 2633:U-boat campaign 2550: 2417:(Rear Admiral) 2390:battleships of 2386:Queen Elizabeth 2330: 2268: 2223:classes of the 2169: 2146: 2130:Reinhard Scheer 2045:High Seas Fleet 2007: 2005:Service history 1959:1 October 1914 1888:, 21 June 1919 1882:10 August 1914 1813: 1777:installed, and 1733: 1702:The main armor 1688:armored citadel 1664: 1641: 1566:Muzzle velocity 1514: 1385: 1297: 1183: 1112:Reichsmarineamt 1076: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1065: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1012:anti-roll tanks 905:(Vice Admiral) 838: 759:as well as the 707: 674:pre-dreadnought 624: 582:and forced her 575:pre-dreadnought 539:U-boat campaign 494:High Seas Fleet 212:Installed power 62: 60: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5274: 5272: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5243: 5242: 5236: 5235: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4989: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4977: 4970: 4962: 4960: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4944: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4919: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4882: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4836: 4829: 4820: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4775: 4768: 4761: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4733: 4726: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4696: 4694: 4692:Light cruisers 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4659:Prinz Adalbert 4655: 4652:Prinz Heinrich 4647: 4644:Fürst Bismarck 4638: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4619: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4590: 4581: 4579: 4577:Battlecruisers 4573: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4562: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4533: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4521: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4495: 4488: 4480: 4478: 4469: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4462: 4455: 4448: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4405: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4367: 4359: 4356: 4355: 4347: 4345: 4344: 4337: 4330: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4309: 4292: 4286: 4271: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4260: 4247: 4241: 4228: 4222: 4206: 4181: 4175: 4157: 4151: 4138: 4132: 4119: 4113: 4100: 4094: 4078: 4072: 4055: 4035: 4029: 4016: 4010: 3994: 3988: 3973: 3952: 3946: 3933: 3927: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3880: 3869:. 19 June 2019 3854: 3842: 3840:, p. 187. 3830: 3828:, p. 229. 3818: 3806: 3804:, p. 256. 3794: 3792:, p. 282. 3782: 3770: 3758: 3746: 3734: 3722: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3684:, p. 263. 3674: 3662: 3660:, p. 138. 3650: 3648:, p. 137. 3638: 3636:, p. 116. 3626: 3624:, p. 114. 3614: 3612:, p. 111. 3602: 3590: 3588:, p. 110. 3578: 3566: 3554: 3542: 3530: 3518: 3516:, p. 300. 3506: 3494: 3482: 3470: 3458: 3446: 3434: 3415: 3400: 3398:, p. 297. 3388: 3376: 3374:, p. 295. 3364: 3362:, p. 147. 3352: 3350:, p. 140. 3340: 3328: 3316: 3304: 3302:, p. 136. 3292: 3290:, p. 177. 3280: 3268: 3266:, p. 222. 3251: 3249:, p. 286. 3236: 3203: 3176: 3164: 3149: 3147:, p. 293. 3137: 3125: 3123:, p. 276. 3113: 3096: 3079: 3067: 3055: 3043: 3031: 3029:, p. 281. 3019: 3017:, p. 135. 3004: 2992: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2953: 2944: 2920: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2817:Following the 2759:Firth of Forth 2744: 2741: 2666:s, to conduct 2609:light cruisers 2549: 2546: 2315:Princess Royal 2165:Main article: 2152:Painting of a 2145: 2142: 2073:line of battle 2071:of the German 2006: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1992:November 1911 1990: 1978: 1969: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1953:November 1911 1951: 1946: 1937: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1907: 1898: 1890: 1889: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1862: 1849: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1812: 1809: 1732: 1729: 1663: 1660: 1640: 1637: 1541:superstructure 1513: 1510: 1506:nautical miles 1436:and a pair of 1384: 1381: 1269:conning towers 1197:Fighting Ships 1182: 1179: 1106:Schichau-Werke 1057: 1056: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1036: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1006:and the stern 1004:secondary guns 923:diesel engines 837: 834: 720:battlecruisers 623: 620: 526:line of battle 502:battlecruisers 475:steam turbines 471:Diesel engines 369: 368: 367: 366: 360: 354: 348: 342: 334: 330: 329: 328: 327: 321: 318: 312: 306: 298: 294: 293: 292: 291: 288: 283: 279: 278: 271: 267: 266: 259: 255: 254: 253: 252: 246: 244:steam turbines 238: 234: 233: 232: 231: 224: 221: 217:3 × oil-fired 213: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 186: 182: 181: 180: 179: 173: 164:: 25,796 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 138: 137: 134: 130: 129: 126: 122: 121: 118: 114: 113: 110: 106: 105: 102: 98: 97: 89: 85: 84: 76: 72: 71: 58: 54: 53: 52:Class overview 49: 48: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5273: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5233: 5232: 5228: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5190: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4845:torpedo boats 4841: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4828: 4827: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4790: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4781: 4780: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4753: 4752: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4720: 4718: 4717: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4582: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4503: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4487: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4474: 4470: 4461: 4456: 4454: 4449: 4447: 4442: 4441: 4438: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4419: 4413: 4411: 4407:Followed by: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4380: 4379: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4351: 4343: 4338: 4336: 4331: 4329: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4253: 4248: 4244: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4110: 4106: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4082:Gröner, Erich 4079: 4075: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4045: 4041: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3998:Dodson, Aidan 3995: 3991: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3914: 3910: 3895:. 9 July 2019 3894: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3851: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3831: 3827: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3759: 3756:, p. 80. 3755: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3726: 3723: 3719: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3702: 3699: 3696:, p. 36. 3695: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3635: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3615: 3611: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3555: 3552:, p. 54. 3551: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3495: 3491: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3471: 3467: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3435: 3432:, p. 27. 3431: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3416: 3413:, p. 15. 3412: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3317: 3314:, p. 70. 3313: 3308: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3234:, p. 28. 3233: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3193: 3191: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3165: 3162:, p. 90. 3161: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3129: 3126: 3122: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3094:, p. 89. 3093: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3071: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3044: 3041:, p. 63. 3040: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2993: 2990:, p. 62. 2989: 2984: 2981: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2925: 2922: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2899: 2893: 2888: 2887: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2862: 2861: 2855: 2849: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2795: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2760: 2757:entering the 2755: 2749: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2619: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2600: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2565: 2560: 2554: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2525: 2524: 2519: 2518: 2512: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2496: 2490: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2414: 2413:Konteradmiral 2408: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2381: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2359: 2354: 2353: 2348: 2347: 2341: 2336: 2328: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2316: 2311: 2310: 2304: 2298: 2292: 2283: 2277: 2273: 2265: 2260: 2259: 2254: 2253: 2252:Indefatigable 2248: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2179: 2174: 2168: 2161: 2156: 2150: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2122: 2121:Hugo von Pohl 2118: 2113: 2107: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2027: 2017: 2011: 2004: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1973: 1972:Germaniawerft 1970: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1935: 1930: 1927:30 July 1914 1926: 1923: 1921:October 1911 1920: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1881: 1879:1 March 1913 1878: 1876:October 1911 1875: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1863: 1861: 1860:Wilhelmshaven 1856: 1855: 1850: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1836:Commissioned 1819: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1792:Abfeuer-Gerät 1787: 1781: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1745: 1739: 1731:Modifications 1730: 1728: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1682:. Their main 1681: 1676: 1670: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1604: 1598: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1561: 1559: 1554: 1548: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1524: 1518: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1501: 1495: 1490: 1486: 1481: 1475: 1469: 1463: 1458: 1454: 1451:(30,576 1450: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1413: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1391: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1357: 1351: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1308: 1303: 1302:spotting tops 1295: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253:double bottom 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1198: 1193: 1187: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1161: 1155: 1149: 1146: 1140: 1135: 1134: 1128: 1127: 1122:—went to the 1120: 1114: 1113: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1070: 1062: 1051: 1040: 1031: 1029: 1024: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 967: 964: 957: 952: 947: 943: 938: 936: 935: 929: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 907:Adolf Paschen 903: 902: 895: 889: 884: 883: 877: 870: 860: 855: 853: 848: 847: 842: 835: 833: 830: 825: 824: 819: 814: 813: 808: 803: 802: 797: 796: 789: 783: 777: 773:followed the 772: 770: 765: 763: 758: 756: 751: 750: 745: 739: 733: 727: 725: 721: 717: 716:capital ships 713: 703: 702: 696: 691: 689: 687: 682: 680: 675: 671: 667: 666: 660: 656: 652: 647: 639: 635: 634: 628: 621: 619: 617: 612: 607: 603: 599: 595: 590: 585: 581: 580: 576: 572: 567: 561: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 535: 532: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 478: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 455: 449: 444: 440: 436: 433:but with the 432: 428: 426: 421: 420: 415: 414: 409: 408: 403: 399: 398: 392: 391: 385: 381: 378: 364: 361: 358: 355: 352: 351:Conning tower 349: 346: 343: 340: 337: 336: 335: 332: 331: 326: 325:torpedo tubes 322: 319: 317: 313: 311: 307: 305: 301: 300: 299: 296: 295: 289: 286: 285: 284: 281: 280: 276: 272: 269: 268: 264: 260: 257: 256: 251: 247: 245: 241: 240: 239: 236: 235: 229: 225: 222: 220: 216: 215: 214: 211: 210: 206: 203: 202: 198: 195: 194: 191: 187: 184: 183: 177: 174: 171: 167: 163: 160: 159: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 139: 135: 132: 131: 127: 124: 123: 119: 116: 115: 111: 109:In commission 108: 107: 103: 100: 99: 96: 94: 90: 87: 86: 83: 81: 77: 74: 73: 70: 59: 56: 55: 50: 44: 38: 33: 30: 19: 5226: 5225: 4973: 4966: 4923: 4885: 4878: 4832: 4825: 4806:FK proposals 4799: 4792: 4785: 4778: 4771: 4764: 4757: 4750: 4743: 4736: 4729: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4680: 4672: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4643: 4623:Ersatz Yorck 4622: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4593: 4587:Von der Tann 4586: 4565: 4559:Braunschweig 4558: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4512: 4505: 4504: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4409: 4400: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4349: 4348: 4300: 4296: 4277: 4251: 4232: 4213: 4189: 4185: 4164: 4142: 4123: 4104: 4085: 4063: 4059: 4047:. Retrieved 4043: 4020: 4001: 3978: 3960: 3956: 3937: 3918: 3897:. Retrieved 3892: 3883: 3871:. Retrieved 3866: 3857: 3845: 3833: 3821: 3809: 3797: 3785: 3773: 3761: 3749: 3737: 3725: 3713: 3701: 3689: 3677: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3629: 3617: 3605: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3509: 3497: 3485: 3473: 3461: 3449: 3437: 3391: 3379: 3367: 3355: 3343: 3331: 3319: 3307: 3295: 3283: 3271: 3167: 3140: 3128: 3116: 3070: 3058: 3046: 3034: 3022: 2995: 2983: 2956: 2947: 2924: 2885: 2865: 2859: 2816: 2776:in honor of 2770:was renamed 2763: 2751:Painting of 2693: 2687: 2658:Gulf of Riga 2643: 2629:German Bight 2568: 2564:Oscar Parkes 2562:underway by 2522: 2516: 2500: 2494: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2461: 2442: 2419:Paul Behncke 2405: 2399: 2396: 2385: 2373: 2368: 2351: 2345: 2334: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2288: 2257: 2251: 2244: 2233: 2170: 2160:Claus Bergen 2103: 2089: 2022: 1965: 1956:4 June 1913 1933: 1894: 1845: 1811:Construction 1789:received an 1734: 1725:Aidan Dodson 1722: 1718: 1701: 1665: 1642: 1639:Fire control 1626: 1582: 1570: 1562: 1558:rate of fire 1528: 1446: 1425:boiler rooms 1417:engine rooms 1386: 1319:Erich Gröner 1312: 1231:25,796 1215:long overall 1202: 1196: 1165: 1150: 1132: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1077: 1072:class layout 1064:class layout 1008:torpedo tube 990:between the 980:wing turrets 968: 951:Hans Bürkner 939: 933: 931:-class ship 917:to maximize 913:guns to the 911:main battery 881: 865: 851: 845: 822: 811: 800: 768: 761: 754: 748: 728: 692: 685: 678: 664: 657:, under the 642: 632: 578: 551:Gulf of Riga 536: 479: 445:used in the 443:wing turrets 435:main battery 424: 418: 412: 406: 396: 374: 372: 226:31,000 156:Displacement 92: 79: 29: 5210:Conversions 4673:Scharnhorst 4609:Derfflinger 4566:Deutschland 4552:Wittelsbach 4538:Brandenburg 4476:battleships 4473:Dreadnought 4196:: 281–332. 3899:1 September 2694:Tsesarevich 2234:Deutschland 2126:Vizeadmiral 2099:Grand Fleet 2013:One of the 1924:5 May 1913 1485:World War I 1365:picket boat 1133:Derfflinger 984:superfiring 942:gun turrets 901:Vizeadmiral 829:Brandenburg 823:Brandenburg 812:Weissenburg 782:Brandenburg 762:Brandenburg 665:Dreadnought 651:battleships 633:Dreadnought 586:. The four 486:World War I 482:July Crisis 463:superfiring 439:gun turrets 287:41 officers 273:8,000 75:Preceded by 5245:Categories 4786:Königsberg 4723:Königsberg 4398:Preceded: 3911:References 3514:Nottelmann 3490:Nottelmann 3478:Nottelmann 3396:Nottelmann 3372:Nottelmann 3172:Nottelmann 3145:Nottelmann 3133:Nottelmann 3075:Nottelmann 3063:Nottelmann 3027:Nottelmann 2860:Hindenburg 2788:groundings 2615:torpedoed 2406:Invincible 2258:Queen Mary 2229:rear guard 2037:sea trials 1830:Laid down 1684:armor belt 1489:Baltic Sea 1383:Propulsion 1375:, and two 1257:forecastle 1028:oil-firing 915:centerline 622:Background 602:Scapa Flow 543:Baltic Sea 518:Royal Navy 459:centerline 282:Complement 250:propellers 248:3 × screw 237:Propulsion 5204:Cancelled 4967:Siegfried 4824:SMS 4779:Wiesbaden 4758:Karlsruhe 4751:Magdeburg 4700:SMS 4679:SMS 4650:SMS 4642:SMS 4616:Mackensen 4600:SMS 4585:SMS 4492:Helgoland 4385:Kronprinz 4202:0043-0374 3969:0142-6222 2976:Citations 2942:diameter. 2916:Footnotes 2898:Kronprinz 2886:Karlsruhe 2832:Kronprinz 2767:Kronprinz 2716:Kronprinz 2638:Kronprinz 2624:Kronprinz 2613:submarine 2541:Kronprinz 2506:roadstead 2501:Thüringen 2495:Helgoland 2489:Helgoland 2477:Westfalen 2450:Wiesbaden 2431:Wiesbaden 2400:Wiesbaden 2227:; in the 2214:Helgoland 2196:Kronprinz 2117:North Sea 2112:Kronprinz 2090:Magdeburg 1983:Kronprinz 1966:Kronprinz 1901:AG Vulcan 1833:Launched 1827:Namesake 1780:Kronprinz 1773:Kronprinz 1744:Kronprinz 1735:The four 1696:waterline 1629:torpedoes 1615:Kronprinz 1609:Kronprinz 1577:casemates 1480:Kronprinz 1429:magazines 1401:Vulcan AG 1396:Kronprinz 1350:Kronprinz 1307:Kronprinz 1304:, though 1271:, though 1241:full load 1237:long tons 1229:displaced 1166:Kronprinz 1098:AG Vulcan 988:amidships 919:broadside 776:Helgoland 749:Siegfried 738:Reichstag 732:Reichstag 724:laid down 701:Reichstag 686:Helgoland 663:HMS 631:HMS 616:broken up 584:scuttling 566:Kronprinz 531:Kronprinz 498:North Sea 419:Kronprinz 402:lead ship 363:Casemates 176:Full load 170:long tons 117:Completed 112:1914–1919 104:1911–1914 57:Operators 5227:See also 4765:Graudenz 4737:Nautilus 4602:Seydlitz 4378:Markgraf 4212:(1972). 4163:(2003). 4084:(1990). 4049:8 August 4000:(2016). 3893:BBC News 3867:BBC News 3466:Campbell 3454:Campbell 3442:Campbell 3411:Campbell 3384:Friedman 3360:Friedman 3336:Friedman 3324:Friedman 3300:Friedman 3288:Grießmer 3276:Campbell 2936:calibers 2904:Markgraf 2854:Markgraf 2783:Markgraf 2754:Markgraf 2736:Markgraf 2593:Markgraf 2583:Markgraf 2523:Kaiserin 2486:and the 2303:Markgraf 2190:Markgraf 2106:Markgraf 2083:and the 2069:vanguard 1940:AG Weser 1934:Markgraf 1912:Kurfürst 1886:Scuttled 1824:Builder 1804:Markgraf 1767:Markgraf 1621:Markgraf 1512:Armament 1468:Markgraf 1412:Markgraf 1377:dinghies 1369:launches 1344:Markgraf 1288:Markgraf 1279:flagship 1265:barbette 1235:(25,389 1171:foremast 1154:division 1145:Markgraf 1102:AG Weser 1093:Markgraf 1066:Bottom: 882:Seydlitz 710:billion 557:forces. 512:and the 413:Markgraf 297:Armament 168:(25,389 133:Scrapped 4985:U-boats 4793:Brummer 4744:Kolberg 4730:Dresden 4709:Gazelle 4681:Blücher 4519:L 20e α 3957:Warship 3873:19 June 3838:Konstam 3790:Tarrant 3778:Tarrant 3754:Preston 3730:Halpern 3682:Tarrant 3670:Tarrant 3658:Tarrant 3646:Tarrant 3634:Tarrant 3622:Tarrant 3610:Tarrant 3598:Tarrant 3586:Tarrant 3574:Tarrant 3562:Tarrant 3550:Tarrant 3526:Tarrant 3247:Tarrant 2731:scuttle 2605:U-boats 2443:Defence 2352:Nicator 2173:Jutland 2138:sortied 1988:Wilhelm 1905:Hamburg 1633:warhead 1315:rudders 1245:riveted 992:funnels 849:of the 757:classes 746:of the 649:-class 555:Russian 492:of the 451:s, the 365:: 15 cm 359:: 30 cm 357:Turrets 5158:UC III 5143:UB III 4843:Large 4772:Pillau 4716:Bremen 4594:Moltke 4513:Bayern 4499:Kaiser 4485:Nassau 4410:Bayern 4401:Kaiser 4307: 4284: 4258: 4239: 4220: 4200: 4173: 4149: 4130: 4111: 4092: 4070: 4027: 4008: 3986: 3967: 3944: 3925: 3850:Gannon 3826:Butler 3814:Gröner 3802:Herwig 3766:Massie 3706:Massie 3430:Gröner 3312:Herwig 3264:Dodson 3232:Gröner 3199:Gröner 3160:Dodson 3121:Breyer 3109:Dodson 3092:Dodson 3051:Gröner 3039:Herwig 2988:Herwig 2901:, and 2873:Rosyth 2808:desert 2678:, and 2654:Russia 2580:, and 2526:, and 2517:Kaiser 2511:Kaiser 2508:. The 2480:, and 2471:Nassau 2465:Nassau 2388:-class 2369:Nestor 2346:Nestor 2318:, and 2300:, and 2269: 2220:Nassau 2208:Kaiser 2202:Kaiser 2193:, and 2095:Kaiser 1944:Bremen 1692:strake 1675:Kaiser 1553:Kaiser 1547:Kaiser 1500:Kaiser 1371:, two 1347:, and 1283:bridge 1104:, and 1090:, and 1061:Kaiser 1017:Nassau 972:Kaiser 928:Kaiser 869:Kaiser 862:design 852:Kaiser 836:Design 818:Ersatz 815:, and 807:Ersatz 795:Ersatz 769:Kaiser 766:. The 708: 679:Nassau 461:using 448:Kaiser 425:Kaiser 416:, and 400:, the 185:Length 162:Normal 93:Bayern 80:Kaiser 66: 5173:UE II 5153:UC II 5138:UB II 5123:U 151 5118:U 142 5113:U 139 5108:U 135 5103:U 131 5098:U 127 5093:U 115 4897:1916M 4506:König 4412:class 4403:class 4364:König 4350:König 4299:[ 4192:(4). 4062:[ 3742:Staff 3718:Staff 3694:Staff 3538:Staff 3502:Staff 2911:Notes 2892:König 2877:scrap 2848:König 2726:Slava 2710:König 2688:Slava 2663:König 2571:König 2559:König 2535:König 2483:Posen 2456:König 2437:König 2424:König 2380:König 2374:Nomad 2358:König 2340:König 2335:Tiger 2331:' 2327:König 2321:Tiger 2291:König 2282:König 2264:König 2236:class 2178:König 2155:König 2026:König 2016:König 1867:König 1846:König 1839:Fate 1821:Ship 1798:König 1755:König 1738:König 1669:König 1662:Armor 1646:König 1603:König 1590:König 1532:König 1494:König 1462:König 1457:knots 1442:volts 1390:König 1373:yawls 1356:König 1332:König 1323:swell 1298:' 1294:König 1274:König 1224:König 1219:draft 1206:König 1192:König 1119:König 1081:König 1069:König 1058:Top: 1000:stern 888:König 859:König 854:class 788:König 771:class 712:marks 688:class 681:class 646:König 589:König 579:Slava 560:König 553:from 454:König 427:class 397:König 380:class 377:König 333:Armor 308:14 × 302:10 × 270:Range 263:knots 258:Speed 204:Draft 101:Built 95:class 82:class 5168:UE I 5163:UD 1 5148:UC I 5133:UB I 5088:U 93 5083:U 87 5078:U 81 5073:U 66 5068:U 63 5063:U 57 5058:U 51 5053:U 43 5048:U 31 5043:U 27 5038:U 23 5033:U 19 5028:U 17 5023:U 16 5018:U 13 4974:Odin 4907:1918 4902:1917 4892:1916 4886:V105 4879:G101 4873:1914 4868:1913 4863:1911 4858:1906 4853:1898 4800:Cöln 4702:Hela 4666:Roon 4305:ISBN 4282:ISBN 4256:ISBN 4237:ISBN 4218:ISBN 4198:ISSN 4171:ISBN 4147:ISBN 4128:ISBN 4109:ISBN 4090:ISBN 4068:ISBN 4051:2017 4025:ISBN 4006:ISBN 3984:ISBN 3965:ISSN 3942:ISBN 3923:ISBN 3901:2019 3875:2019 2940:bore 2743:Fate 2713:and 2691:and 2680:Dagö 2676:Moon 2672:Ösel 2650:Riga 2621:and 2596:and 2498:and 2361:and 2349:and 2309:Lion 2217:and 2109:and 2029:and 1976:Kiel 1783:and 1758:and 1713:mine 1704:deck 1643:The 1606:and 1529:The 1477:and 1465:and 1403:for 1393:and 1261:stem 1203:The 1199:1919 1142:and 998:and 976:hull 755:Odin 752:and 643:The 563:and 431:hull 373:The 345:Deck 339:Belt 314:6 × 242:3 × 196:Beam 146:Type 125:Lost 5013:U 9 5008:U 5 5003:U 3 4998:U 2 4993:U 1 4948:"I" 2966:UTC 2962:CET 2652:in 2421:in 2247:CET 1453:shp 1175:top 996:bow 832:s. 504:of 275:nmi 261:21 228:shp 190:lwl 5247:: 5229:: 5183:UG 5178:UF 5128:UA 4924:S7 4190:LV 4188:. 4042:. 3959:. 3891:. 3865:. 3418:^ 3403:^ 3254:^ 3239:^ 3206:^ 3179:^ 3152:^ 3099:^ 3082:^ 3007:^ 2895:, 2701:. 2674:, 2574:, 2520:, 2474:, 2409:; 2312:, 2294:, 2279:A 2242:. 2187:, 2181:, 1974:, 1942:, 1903:, 1858:, 1444:. 1399:, 1379:. 1341:, 1335:, 1227:s 1100:, 1084:, 804:, 608:. 410:, 404:, 5219:N 5213:A 5207:V 5201:X 5195:S 4930:A 4459:e 4452:t 4445:v 4341:e 4334:t 4327:v 4313:. 4290:. 4264:. 4245:. 4226:. 4204:. 4179:. 4155:. 4136:. 4117:. 4098:. 4076:. 4053:. 4033:. 4014:. 3992:. 3971:. 3961:I 3950:. 3931:. 3903:. 3877:. 3852:. 1233:t 706:1 172:) 166:t 136:1 128:4 120:4 20:)

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Index