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763:(Two Princesses), a statue based on the design by Johann Gottfried Schadow. It was created in 1795 for a double royal wedding, and is considered to be a major work of early Classicism. Animal sculptures have played a significant role throughout the history of KPM. The Berlin manufactory's works artfully illustrate nature. A clever play of light and shade, and naturalistic decoration make them appear lifelike. The numerous animal figurines continue to include designs from the manufactory's early days up to the present day.
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relief adorning the rims of all items. KURLAND quickly found admirers in the
Prussian royal family. King Frederick William II, the nephew of and successor to Frederick the Great, gave it to his uncle Prince Henry of Prussia in a particularly opulent decor with colourful natural field flowers. On the occasion of its 250th anniversary, KPM created two new interpretations of the classic tableware: KURLAND Blanc Nouveau which combines glazed surfaces and reliefs made of
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227:. The Arkadia medallions were created by Siegmund SchĂĽtz and the Urania set (with the same basic form as the Arkadia) did not enter production until after the war, as was also the case with the Arkadia table set. Porcelain figurines of different styles corresponding to each era have always been created under the guidance of the master workshop, including the modern animal sculptures, such as the miniature
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602:. In the 1990s, KPM began to re-emphasize its cultural and craft traditions. It rediscovered historic shapes, colours and patterns. Important dinner services from the era of New Objectivity were reissued. After the triumphant success of a vase collection launched in 1994, KPM presented the BERLIN dinner service, created in cooperation with the Italian modernist designer
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opened its newly designed sales gallery in the historic kiln room. Additional KPM shops are located in Berlin, Potsdam, Hamburg and
Cologne. In 2007, the company opened the KPM WELT exhibition at the KPM QUARTIER, a company museum dedicated to the company's 250 years of history and craftsmanship of making porcelain.
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Mecklenburg-Schwerin. However, the design was too daring for the court, as the bride was depicted naked. Theodor Schmuz-Baudiss recognised the artistic significance of the design and had it transformed into porcelain in 1908. The
Wedding Procession was awarded the gold medal at the 1910 World Exposition in Brussels.
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painters was Carl Daniel
Freydanck. Under the leadership of Georg Friedrich Christoph Frick, the manufactory's managing director from 1832, Freydanck designed a series of works depicting beautiful cityscapes of Berlin and Potsdam. Presented as regal gifts, they shaped the image of a new Berlin in the
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was not much interested in the factory, but it continued to flourish. He obtained what he needed in the way of porcelain from KPM, but stopped paying cash. The amounts due were deducted from his share of the profits. From 1787 onwards, the average annual net profit came to more than 40,000 thaler.
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From 1998 to 2003, the KPM QUARTIER was refurbished. At the same time, the production technology was updated. In 2006, after several previous attempts at privatisation, Berlin banker Jörg
Woltmann took over the Royal Porcelain Manufactory Berlin and became the sole shareholder. In the same year, KPM
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After World War II, KPM moved into temporary quarters in Selb, Upper
Franconia, where there had once been plans to enlarge the company. From Franconia, KPM continued to supply the market with decorative porcelain and tableware. In the meantime, some of the staff reconstructed the Berlin premises. In
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Around 1790, KPM produced a large “service with an antique border” in the classicist style for Peter von Biron, Duke of
Kurland. The service was later renamed KURLAND in his honour. It is still one of the greatest successes of the manufactory today. English silverware served as design model for the
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NEUZIERAT, the favourite service of
Frederick the Great, was designed for the New Palace in Potsdam. It became famous for its flower decoration in a faint-blue colouring: Bleu mourant – “dying blue”. The king had a weakness for this colour, which was predominant in his private chambers at Sanssouci
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Among the table services currently in production, there are three Rococo forms (ROCAILLE, NEUZIERAT and NEUOSIER), which originally were commissioned by
Frederick the Great for his various palaces, and there are designs from the Classic, Art Nouveau and Bauhaus periods as well as from the present:
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In 1886, Alexander Kips was appointed artistic director of KPM Berlin. With painted porcelain tiles, he helped the company to achieve commercial success. His successor, Theodor Schmuz-Baudiss, artistic director as of 1908, promoted the use of Seger's glazes, and thus brought KPM fame and admiration
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The manufactory's most important client was
Frederick the Great, who sometimes jokingly referred to himself as his “best customer”. From 1765 to his death in 1786, Frederick II placed orders with KPM for porcelain to the value of 200,000 thaler. For his palaces alone, he ordered 21 dinner services,
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On 19 September 1763, Frederick II officially became the manufactory's new owner. He purchased the manufactory for the considerable sum of 225,000 thaler and took over the staff of 146 workers. He gave the business its name and allowed it to use the royal sceptre as its symbol. From then on, it was
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The ARKADIA tea set was created in 1938 on the occasion of KPM's 175th anniversary. Trude Petri, who had already designed the URBINO table service, created neo-classicist shapes in the style of New Objectivity. Siegmund SchĂĽtz took his inspiration for elaborate medallions from Greek mythology. The
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The design of NEUOSIER from 1770 is based on the model of nature. Inspired by the French osier (wickerwork) the relief simulates the structure of a woven basket. The handles are shaped as branches. Elaborately decorated with bouquets of flowers and golden foliage NEUOSIER was made for Crown Prince
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Under the new director, GĂĽnther von Pechmann, the ideas of Deutscher Werkbund and Bauhaus influenced the craftsmen of KPM Berlin from 1929 onwards. The aim was to design contemporary, matter-of-fact household porcelain. Famous designs of this time encompass Trude Petri's dinner service URBINO, and
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KPM has always been a pioneer in the ceramic industry from a technological aspect. This is particularly true regarding the discoveries and technical progress that came about in the late 19th century. Since 1878, the manufactory has been associated with a Chemical-Technical Research Institute. The
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Nevertheless, Gotzkowsky's finances began to deteriorate. Since the royal exchequer was in the red on account of the war, Gotzkowsky believed that he stood little or no chance of obtaining assistance from the king. The end of the war also signalled the end for Gotzkowsky's manufactory. Today, the
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In 1767, KPM modelling master Friedrich Elias Meyer created a table service in the style of the Prussian Rococo for Wroclaw Palace. It was during the reign of Frederick William IV that the form, still produced today, was given its current name ROCAILLE. The prestigious service that amongst other
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A red orb indicates all floral painting as well as figurative scenes and landscapes. A green orb is used for all non-floral decorative elements. Items with a blue orb are fired at a very high temperature and are dishwasher safe. A black orb is used to mark items with printed decor – for example,
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In the 1930s, the assumption of power by the National Socialists had serious consequences for many of KPM's artists: Marguerite Friedlaender was forced to emigrate because of her Jewish background. Ludwig Gies and Gerhard Marcks were dismissed and denied exhibitions because of their loyalty with
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In the beginning, the trademark was applied in blue on white porcelain and in brown on painted porcelain. In 1837, the letters KPM were added to protect the brand from counterfeits. A few years later, the royal Prussian eagle became part of the trademark. In the following decades, the trademark
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Before KPM was founded, two attempts had already been made to establish a porcelain manufactory in Berlin. In 1751, the Berlin wool manufacturer Wilhelm Caspar Wegely was granted the royal privilege to set up a porcelain manufactory in Berlin. Furthermore, Frederick II of Prussia granted him
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Along with ARKADIA and FELDBLUME, URBINO represents the era of New Objectivity and Bauhaus at KPM. Designer Trude Petri was awarded the Grand Prix at the 1937 World's Fair in Paris for her URBINO dinner service. The tureen is a good for the design's multi-functionality: The lid, when turned
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KPM has produced a number of dishware forms and porcelain figurines throughout its history. Some forms have hardly changed their shape in over 200 years of production. Frederick the Great, who, as the owner, jokingly referred to himself as his own "best customer", was under the spell of the
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factory, Germany's leading porcelain maker, to the post of chief modeller, and Carl Wilhelm Boehme to the post of head of the porcelain-painting department. Gotzkowsky bought another building next to his own property at Leipziger StraĂźe 4, and he began to build a manufactory on the site.
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each of them with 36 place settings and up to 500 separate parts, complemented by elaborate table centrepieces. In addition, most of his diplomatic presents came from the manufactory, and they were to be found at the court of the tsars in Russia and on the tables of European aristocracy.
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designs were introduced, beginning another enduring feature of the factory; this began in the 1770s, so preceding Frederick the Great's death in 1786, despite his own preference for Rococo styles. The cheerful soft-brush forms of Rococo gave way to the harder lines of Neoclassicism.
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In 1912, Theodor Schmuz-Baudiss designed CERES to mark KPM's 150th anniversary. The design pays tribute to the opulence of late Art Nouveau. At the same time it is one of KPM's last major works of this epoch. The relief on this shape consists of overflowing with fruit and ears of
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KPM's Wedding Procession is one of the most significant pieces of Berlin Art Nouveau. The sculptor, Adolf Amberg, created the design of centerpiece consisting of several figurines made of silver, in honour of the wedding of Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia and Cecilie of
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Jewish colleagues. In 1941, the art teacher, painter and writer Gerhard Gollwitzer, who had been dismissed from his teaching position, became artistic director of KPM. In the nights of 22 and 23 November 1943, the manufactory's premises were destroyed in an Allied air raid.
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KPM has created a large number of services, vases and figurines. The manufactory draws from an ever-growing stock of more than 150,000 moulds. Some of the moulds have been in production more or less unmodified since the company was established 250 years ago.
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In 1996 KPM launched the “iF Design Award” winning BERLIN service, which was created in collaboration with the Italian designer Enzo Mari. Due to the convex rims the plates and bowls of the multi-functional service appear like a blossoming flower when
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The Halle vases made in 1931 in collaboration with Burg Giebichenstein Art School are true to the ideal of Bauhaus. Inspired by basic geometric shapes like ellipse and cone ceramic artist Friedlaender created seven harmoniously proportioned vases.
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Since 1803, painted porcelain has been receiving an additional mark in over glaze-colour to confirm the authenticity of the decor. Today, an imperial orb is usually stamped next to the sceptre. It is proof that the decor has been done by a KPM
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occasions was also ordered for the Potsdam City Palace, received various forms of décor, personally influenced by Frederick the Great. Today, ROCAILLE is used at state banquets in Bellevue Palace, the official seat of the President of Germany.
324:("Royal Porcelain Manufactory Berlin") and became a model of how to run a business. There was no child labour, there were regular working hours, above-average incomes, secure pensions, a healthcare fund and assistance for widows and orphans.
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sceptre from the electoral coat-of-arms of Brandenburg. The porcelain is marked after the first firing and before the glazing process. Before the sceptre is applied to the porcelain, the item is subject to strict quality control measures.
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Artists and designers of style periods from Rococo to Modernism have created vase designs for the manufactory. Around 1820, several classicist vases were designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel like Trompetenform (trumpet shape) or Fidibus.
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underwent slight changes until the production was transferred to Selb. In those years (1944–1957), the porcelain was marked with the letter “S” underneath the sceptre. In 2000, the letters KPM were reintroduced as part of the logo.
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In 1761, the second porcelain manufactory in Berlin started its operations. Gotzkowsky concluded an agreement with Wegely's chief modeller, Ernst Heinrich Reichard, who was in possession of the secret formula known as the
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Generally, the decors of KPM Berlin are hand painted. The porcelain painters are free to interpret the motifs within the design specifications. When finished, the painter signs the porcelain he has decorated.
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The services’ design and colouring was meticulously created to match the interior decoration of the rooms in which they were to be used. Frederick commissioned the first KPM table service in 1765 for the
363:(see illustration) was designed in the Rococo style by modelling master Friedrich Elias Meyer, who would later design many more services for the king. The ornamentation of the relief, made of gilded
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Appreciated and supported by the King of Prussia, Gotzkowsky managed to attract important artists and qualified employees. At the start, Gotzkowsky appointed Friedrich Elias Meyer, a pupil of
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upside-down, can also be used as a bowl. As a modern classic URBINO is part of the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art, New York. It is still one of KPM's best-selling products.
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In 1790, a dinner service in the new style was designed by KPM: KURLAND, which has been one of the greatest successes of the manufactory up to date. It bears the name of its commissioner,
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The factory was mainly known in this period for dinner services, with a fine white porcelain body with "a faint yellowish, slightly grey tinge". As would remain the case, the painting in
197:(known as Frederick the Great). Its actual origins, however, lie in three private enterprises which, under crown patronage, were trying to establish the production of "white gold" (i.e.
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between Prussia and Saxony soon proved to be the enterprise's downfall. In 1757, he dissolved his company and sold its inventories, equipment and materials to the Berlin businessman
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537:, produced innovations that substantially increased KPM's proficiency in designing moulds and working with colours. Among his inventions, Seger developed new kinds of porcelain
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Wegely hired craftsmen from his competitors, and appointed the porcelain sculptor Ernst Heinrich Reichard to the post of chief modeller. However, technical difficulties and the
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To this day, the most successful designs of the 1930s are the Urbino, Urania and Arkadia (originally a tea set designed in honor of KPM's 175th anniversary) created by
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Palace. It took the manufactory four years to develop this particular shade of blue as porcelain colour. It is still produced today, according to a secret formula.
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When Frederick the Great took over the manufactory from the Berlin merchant Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky on 19 September 1763, he also provided the brand's emblem: the
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ARKADIA design also was basis for the development of FELDBLUME (1940) with a relief of wild flowers by Gerhard Gollwitzer and the plain-style URANIA (1990).
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Under the auspices of the KPM workshop, porcelain figurines of many different styles have been created in the last 250 years. One of the highlights is the
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Grand Sport “L’Or Blanc” in cooperation with the car manufacturer. In 2012, a Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport “Wei Long” was outfitted with dragon motifs.
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After the demise of the monarchy in 1918, KPM became the State Porcelain Manufactory Berlin. However, the KPM mark and the sceptre were retained.
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In 1784, after a four-year development period, the king's desire for a soft and delicate shade of blue was fulfilled. The colour was known as
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Tureen and Vase base with Reliefzierat decoration made for Frederick II on Neues Palais service (so-called 2. Potsdamsches), c. 1770-80.
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porcelain pieces from the early days marked with a W for Wegely und a G for Gotzkowsky are rare and collector's items.
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provided a representative overview of the manufactory's creative periods, with 300 works from 18 private collections.
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As a result of a resolution adopted by the Senate of Berlin in 1988, KPM became a limited company and was now called
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Frederick William II in 1780. After his accession to the throne, it was used at the royal table of Sanssouci Palace.
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1957, manufacturing returned to the historic premises in Berlin's Tiergarten district after they had been rebuilt.
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exemption from duties for the import of essential materials and assured him of the exclusion of all competition.
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Marguerite Friedlaender's Halle vases, created in cooperation with Burg Giebichenstein Art School.
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In the first half of the 19th century, KPM was a leader in the production of pictorial and
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From the start of the 19th century the factory developed a new market among the expanding
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style during his life; a culmination of this artistic style can be seen in his castles.
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In 1867, KPM had to make way for the construction of the Prussian Parliament close to
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and in the blue chamber of the New Palace in Potsdam, as well as in other castles.
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and as the manager. Gotzkowsky also agreed to take over Reichard's eight workers.
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colours, as can be seen on the wall plate showing a view of Berlin Cathedral.
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designed vases and sculptures for KPM. The most famous item among them is the
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On the occasion of KPM's 250th anniversary in 2013, the special exhibition
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porcelain among the big European manufactories. One of the most important
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671:. The colour of the orb differs according to the type of decor.
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Panorama of the Boccherini hall at the KPM World in Berlin
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In 2011, KPM designed the exterior and interior of a
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444:Alexandrine, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1226:Ming plate 15th century Jingdezhen kilns Jiangxi
1026:Clippings about Royal Porcelain Factory, Berlin
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31:KPM Königliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Berlin GmbH
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641:Iron-red orb and KPM marks, underglaze-blue
622:Royal Porcelain Manufactory Berlin 1763-2013
458:Frederick the Great's successor, his nephew
398:("dying blue"), and it was used to decorate
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999:Sotheby's Concise Encyclopedia of Porcelain
877:Porcelain manufacturing companies in Europe
675:customized pieces featuring company logos.
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189:and whose products are generally called
1928:Manufacturing companies based in Berlin
1001:, 1990, Conran Octopus, ISBN 1850292515
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1393:Chinese porcelain in European painting
322:Königliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Berlin
18:Königliche Porzellan-Manufaktur Berlin
1101:Chinese influences on Islamic pottery
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1918:German companies established in 1763
163:Exterior of the KPM building in 2009
809:Vase, produced c. 1860. Located at
528:-inspired porcelain vase and plinth
505:eyes of other European sovereigns.
205:from the mid-18th century onwards.
1757:Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
566:at international art exhibitions.
208:The company logo is a cobalt blue
187:Royal Porcelain Manufactory Berlin
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1923:Ceramics manufacturers of Germany
1202:Famille jaune, noire, rose, verte
169:Royal Porcelain Factory in Berlin
1816:Kuskovo State Museum of Ceramics
1234:Meissen hard porcelain vase 1735
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424:Frederick William III of Prussia
450:Towards the end of the century
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127:Prince Franz Wilhelm of Prussia
825:A wire-haired terrier playing.
359:. The dinner service known as
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1822:Sèvres – Cité de la céramique
1767:François Xavier d'Entrecolles
849:Figurine of a Prussian miner.
118:European hard-paste porcelain
27:German porcelain manufacturer
1804:Dresden Porcelain Collection
76:; 261 years ago
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577:Bauhaus and New Objectivity
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1828:Musée des Arts Décoratifs
1793:Percival David Foundation
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338:National Museum in Warsaw
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1762:Johann Friedrich Böttger
1096:Chinese export porcelain
811:Birmingham Museum of Art
476:Johann Gottfried Schadow
472:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
273:Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky
252:Wilhelm Christian Meyer
195:Frederick II of Prussia
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1706:Soft-paste porcelain
963:Battie, 100, 153-154
755:Sculptural porcelain
460:Frederick William II
422:by special order of
250:figure, modelled by
1943:Frederick the Great
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1655:Bing & Grøndahl
1619:Dihl & Guérhard
1517:Villeroy & Boch
679:Painters’ signature
357:New Palace, Potsdam
134:Number of employees
93:Frederick the Great
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1899:52.51500; 13.33333
1864:Ludwigsburg Palace
1858:Walters Art Museum
1256:Japanese porcelain
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732:biscuit porcelain
669:porcelain painter
304:Meissen porcelain
181:, abbreviated as
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99:Headquarters
45:Company type
1897: /
1860:(Baltimore)
1854:(Worcester)
1781:Collections
1547:Ludwigsburg
1529:Frankenthal
1505:Nymphenburg
1499:FĂĽrstenberg
1475:Capodimonte
1427:Saint-Cloud
981:Battie, 154
972:Battie, 154
954:Battie, 100
901:Mitarbeiter
651:cobalt blue
561:Art Nouveau
555:Art Nouveau
491:bourgeoisie
367:and flower
320:called the
225:Trude Petri
1912:Categories
1885:13°20′00″E
1882:52°30′54″N
1842:(Istanbul)
1716:Bone china
1601:Copenhagen
1595:Loosdrecht
1577:Wallendorf
1160:Jingdezhen
989:References
945:Battie, 99
936:Battie, 99
927:Battie, 99
918:Battie, 99
539:underglaze
410:Classicism
259:Beginnings
229:Buddy Bear
1836:(Beijing)
1812:(Toronto)
1806:(Dresden)
1679:Porsgrund
1673:Rosenthal
1613:Hollóháza
1523:Worcester
1463:Vincennes
1451:Chantilly
1445:Rörstrand
1288:Nabeshima
1070:Porcelain
865:, Germany
697:Tableware
604:Enzo Mari
590:New paths
446:, c. 1851
426:, c. 1823
400:Neuzierat
373:Neuzierat
369:espaliers
365:rocailles
233:Knut Bear
199:porcelain
140:(in 2013)
1848:(London)
1818:(Moscow)
1752:Chinamen
1685:Augarten
1565:Wedgwood
1511:Plymouth
1376:General:
1323:General:
1293:Kakiemon
1249:General:
1084:General:
904:Archived
871:See also
750:stacked.
688:Products
389:Rocaille
381:Neuosier
377:Neuglatt
302:at the
287:for the
115:Products
66:products
60:Industry
1830:(Paris)
1824:(Paris)
1731:Biscuit
1661:Zsolnay
1637:Doulton
1625:Mintons
1589:Limoges
1487:Mennecy
1469:Chelsea
1433:Meissen
1154:Qingbai
1130:Celadon
1032:of the
1028:in the
997:, ed.,
780:Gallery
643:sceptre
633:Sceptre
547:celadon
543:Oxblood
293:arcanum
289:arcanum
281:arcanum
239:History
231:or the
210:sceptre
146:Website
109:Germany
89:Founder
79: (
71:Founded
64:Ceramic
49:Private
1745:People
1687:(1923)
1681:(1885)
1675:(1879)
1669:(1877)
1663:(1853)
1657:(1853)
1651:(1826)
1649:Herend
1645:(1822)
1643:Lichte
1639:(1815)
1633:(1814)
1627:(1793)
1621:(1781)
1615:(1777)
1609:(1775)
1603:(1775)
1597:(1774)
1591:(1771)
1585:(1768)
1579:(1764)
1573:(1763)
1571:Berlin
1567:(1759)
1561:(1760)
1559:Retiro
1555:(1759)
1549:(1758)
1543:(1757)
1537:(1756)
1535:Sèvres
1531:(1755)
1525:(1751)
1519:(1748)
1513:(1748)
1507:(1747)
1501:(1747)
1495:(1747)
1489:(1745)
1483:(1744)
1477:(1743)
1471:(1743)
1465:(1740)
1459:(1735)
1457:Doccia
1453:(1730)
1447:(1726)
1441:(1718)
1439:Vienna
1435:(1710)
1429:(1693)
1423:(1673)
1417:(1575)
1415:Medici
1408:Types:
1368:Europe
1353:Joseon
1347:Goryeo
1340:Types:
1303:Hirado
1298:Kutani
1271:Types:
1208:Canton
1196:Kangxi
1190:Tianqi
1184:Swatow
1117:Types:
1108:(1338)
526:Rococo
502:veduta
498:veduta
436:krater
328:Rococo
285:thaler
254:, 1769
218:Rococo
203:Berlin
173:German
104:Berlin
1583:Revol
1553:Weesp
1541:Derby
1421:Rouen
1316:Korea
1283:Imari
1278:Arita
1242:Japan
1178:Kraak
1077:China
888:Notes
767:Vases
738:corn.
628:Brand
248:Diana
201:) in
123:Owner
1148:Ding
1142:Xing
524:KPM
383:and
167:The
138:150
81:1763
74:1763
53:GmbH
1493:Bow
1136:Yue
1034:ZBW
275:.
183:KPM
1914::
1791:/
606:.
557:.
545:,
474:,
379:,
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235:.
175::
107:,
1062:e
1055:t
1048:v
813:.
797:.
171:(
83:)
55:)
51:(
20:)
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