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New Zealand falcon

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437: 612: 544: 630: 373:); molecular phylogenetic studies show that it is most closely related to the aplomado falcon. Two forms are apparent from their significantly different sizes, with the larger race in the South Island and the smaller in the North Island. Although neutral genetic markers show a recent history of these two forms, the substantial size difference is likely to be driven by ecological adaptation. Conservation management had already avoided mixing of the North Island ( 108: 535:. However, there are many reported instances of falcons being illegally shot. The founder of Wingspan, Debbie Stewart, says: “Most of the birds we get in here have been shot. It’s criminal.” She has also said that human activities lead to the deaths of three-quarters of falcons in their first year. Both Stewart and the Department of Conservation have claimed that people shooting New Zealand falcons have interests in chickens or racing pigeons. 648: 593: 42: 3049: 280: 639: 621: 66: 2159: 3037: 465:
In common with other falcons, the prey of the New Zealand falcon is mostly other birds, such as pigeons, parakeets, seabirds and pheasants. However, it is opportunistic and will also take stoats, hares and rabbits. It also preys upon insects, including cicadas, beetles and dragonflies. It will
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Another ongoing threat to the birds from human activity is electrocution. Both a five-year radio tracking study of released birds in Marlborough and an observational study in Glenorchy have attributed nearly half of the bird deaths to electrocution on 11,000 volt distribution transformers and
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The New Zealand falcon nests in a scrape in grassy soil or humus in various locations: under a rock on a steep slope or on a rock ledge, among epiphytic plants on a tree branch, or under a log or branch on the ground, or on bare ground, making the two or three eggs that they lay vulnerable to
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The New Zealand falcon also sometimes nest on the ground of logged pine plantations, because pine plantations tend to attract small birds which they prey upon. After about four years after a plantation is logged, regeneration causes the area to become unsuitable for the New Zealand falcon.
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has a small population of kārearea. The five-year project that started in 2019 will focus on collecting data on the kārearea to gather knowledge of sightings, locate breeding pairs, locate and monitor nests, and gain insights on breeding population, habitat use, and territory size.
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wine region. Initially, four falcons were relocated to the vineyards from the surrounding hills. After the release of a further 15 birds breeding began to occur – the first time it is thought to have happened since land clearance 150 years ago.
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in the Ngongotahā Valley is a captive breeding facility and visitor centre. Wingspan undertakes conservation, education and research activities related to birds of prey found in New Zealand, and provides demonstrations of
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towards a programme that uses the falcons to control birds that damage grapes and act as pests in vineyards as well as monitoring the birds and establishing a breeding population in the vicinity of the
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With a wingspan between 63 cm (25 in) and 98 cm (39 in) and weight rarely exceeding 450 g (16 oz), the New Zealand falcon is slightly over half the size of the
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Trewick SA, Olley L. 2016. Spatial size dimorphism in New Zealand’s last endemic raptor, the Kārearea Falco novaeseelandiae, coincides with a narrow sea strait. IBIS 158: 747–761
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An aggressive bird that displays great violence when defending its territory, the New Zealand falcon has been reported to attack dogs, as well as people.
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Systema naturae per regna tria naturae : secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
330:. Gmelin based his description on the "New-Zealand falcon" that had been described and illustrated in 1781 by the English ornithologist 1760: 1226: 1032: 1007: 941: 842:(23 September 2014). "Rapid diversification of falcons (Aves: Falconidae) due to expansion of open habitats in the Late Miocene". 3409: 2919: 2642: 1417: 1641: 2870: 2865: 2860: 1612: 1452: 3260: 1257: 1753: 1679:– The national centre for the conservation, education and advocacy of birds of prey in New Zealand. Location: Rotorua, NZ. 1164: 1134: 445: 756: 3151: 818: 572: 331: 1536: 1476: 3286: 3027: 2990: 2064: 1056: 776: 3103: 2831: 589:
competition aims to raise awareness about New Zealand's native birds, their habitats, and the threats they face.
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Assessment of the potential for the integration of New Zealand falcon conservation and vineyard pest management
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The behaviour and development of New Zealand falcons (Falco novaeseelandiae) nesting in a plantation forest
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The ecological requirements of the New Zealand falcon (Falco novaseelandiae) in plantation forestry
1498: 339: 297: 55: 1676: 3164: 3053: 2929: 2924: 2745: 2696: 2686: 2301: 2175: 2117: 1982: 1977: 1936: 561: 502: 102: 3345: 2880: 1702: 1327: 3247: 2158: 3327: 3273: 3177: 3117: 2973: 2944: 2934: 2907: 2794: 2538: 2499: 2257: 1999: 1987: 1953: 1924: 1912: 1852: 1804: 1733: 1579: 1448: 1038: 1028: 1003: 937: 905: 865: 857: 532: 243: 807:(in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (13th ed.). Lipsiae : Georg. Emanuel. Beer. p. 268. 3332: 3007: 2978: 2897: 2811: 2567: 2550: 2129: 1840: 1658: 1650: 1629: 1621: 873: 849: 700: 410: 3143: 3314: 3296: 2902: 2516: 2439: 2016: 1404: 827:. Vol. 1, Part 1. London: Printed for Leigh and Sotheby. p. 57, No. 38; Plate 4. 757:"How Good Design Can Protect the kārearea (New Zealand Falcon) and Improve Network Safety" 586: 515: 414: 370: 310: 2875: 2247: 1687: 682: 1304:. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (press release). 13 December 2007. Archived from 647: 592: 41: 3371: 2733: 2613: 2584: 2572: 2274: 2040: 582:
The proverb "Me te kopae kārearea" or "like the nest of kārearea" means 'rarely seen'.
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The New Zealand falcon is mainly found in heavy bush and the steep high country in the
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Ornithologists variously described the New Zealand falcon as an aberrant
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Douglas, Rob; Barea, Laurence; Waite, Ed; Hankin, Chris (20 June 2017).
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predators such as stray cats, stoats, weasels, possums, and wild dogs.
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The New Zealand falcon features on the reverse of the New Zealand
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The kārearea was voted Bird of the Year winner in 2012. The
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Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds
1418:"Air Force Black Falcons show off new T-6C Texan planes" 1002:. Surry Hills, NSW: Reader's Digest. pp. 154–155. 1602:
Crichton, Sandy (May 2009), "On a wing and a prayer",
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Yarwood, Vaughan (July–August 2018). "The hunters".
3072: 2761: 2641: 2515: 2290: 2166: 1783: 283:New Zealand falcon (adult and young) from Buller's 1000:Reader's Digest Complete Book of New Zealand Birds 706:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22696476A208302635.en 547:Electrocuted New Zealand falcon found at Glenorchy 314:. He placed it with the falcons and eagles in the 531:New Zealand falcon are fully protected under the 1227:"'Unique' karearea programme providing insights" 961:"NZ falcons thriving in logged pine plantations" 1529:"Bird of the Year – Frequently asked questions" 985: 349:or as allied to three South American species – 596:New Zealand falcon in various phases of flight 1761: 8: 1165:"The Kārearea Project | Cardrona Foundation" 1135:"The Cardrona Kārearea Conservation Project" 564:note and has twice been used on New Zealand 334:. Latham had examined specimens both in the 3011: 2994: 2982: 2965: 2953: 2911: 2889: 2852: 2835: 2798: 2786: 2774: 2749: 2737: 2715: 2678: 2656: 2629: 2617: 2600: 2588: 2576: 2559: 2542: 2530: 2503: 2491: 2479: 2467: 2455: 2443: 2431: 2419: 2402: 2390: 2378: 2341: 2329: 2317: 2305: 2278: 2261: 2239: 2227: 2215: 2203: 2191: 2179: 2145: 2133: 2121: 2109: 2092: 2080: 2068: 2056: 2044: 2032: 2020: 2003: 1991: 1969: 1957: 1940: 1928: 1916: 1904: 1892: 1880: 1868: 1856: 1844: 1832: 1820: 1808: 1796: 1084:"Wingspan continues to soar to new heights" 1027:. Auckland, N.Z.: New Holland. p. 37. 902:The Field Guide of the Birds of New Zealand 3060: 1768: 1754: 1746: 1563:Marchant, S.; Higgins, P.J., eds. (1993). 900:Heather, Barrier; Robertson, Hugh (2005). 64: 40: 31: 1640:Andrew Christopher Wyllie Thomas (2008), 750: 748: 704: 1698:Department of Conservation (New Zealand) 1328:"Protection sought for vineyard falcons" 1196:"Karearea monitoring project taking off" 1025:New Zealand forest birds and their world 930:New Zealand Forest Birds and their World 409:. A small population also breeds on the 3032: 1713:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 673: 604: 304:in his revised and expanded edition of 1194:Waterworth, Kerrie (7 November 2020). 1063:from the original on 24 September 2022 510:Cardrona Kārearea Conservation Project 264:. Other common names for the bird are 3415:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin 1723:Marlborough Falcon Conservation Trust 1479:from the original on 12 November 2020 1330:. Radio New Zealand. 25 February 2010 955: 953: 845:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 771: 769: 662:Wingspan National Bird of Prey Centre 481:Wingspan National Bird of Prey Centre 379:Falco novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae 7: 3307:42e587dc-5ba1-4916-a263-e5837424ecbc 1539:from the original on 16 January 2020 1509:from the original on 7 November 2020 1225:Waterworth, Kerrie (27 April 2020). 1206:from the original on 7 November 2020 762:. Electricity Engineers Association. 498:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 3395:IUCN Red List least concern species 1447:. Viking Sevenseas NZ. p. 72. 1175:from the original on 15 August 2020 1145:from the original on 15 August 2020 692:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 496:In 2005, funding was given by the 25: 1683:Raptor Association of New Zealand 1398:2006 New Zealand Falcon coin sets 1258:"Falcons fall to pigeon fanciers" 300:in 1788 by the German naturalist 3047: 3035: 2920:North Island little spotted kiwi 2157: 1732:New Zealand falcon discussed on 1302:"Falcons Return to Wairau Plain" 1256:Marie-Brown, Jo (14 July 2000). 646: 637: 628: 619: 610: 575:'s aerobatic team is called the 413:; the species is known from the 106: 1728:Raptor Alliance for New Zealand 1237:from the original on 8 May 2020 1082:James, Shauni (25 March 2022). 998:Robertson, C.J.R., ed. (1985). 681:BirdLife International (2022). 2871:North Island stout-legged wren 2866:South Island stout-legged wren 838:Jérôme Fuchs; Jeff A Johnson; 1: 1231:Otago Daily Times Online News 1200:Otago Daily Times Online News 777:"New Zealand falcon/kārearea" 606:New Zealand falcon / kārearea 3405:Endemic birds of New Zealand 1677:Wingspan Birds of Prey Trust 779:. Department of Conservation 492:Falcons for Grapes programme 1694:New Zealand falcon/Kārearea 986:Marchant & Higgins 1993 854:10.1016/J.YMPEV.2014.08.010 824:A General Synopsis of Birds 573:Royal New Zealand Air Force 466:sometimes feed on carrion. 375:Falco novaeseelandiae ferox 296:The New Zealand falcon was 3431: 2991:New Zealand owlet-nightjar 2065:South Island oystercatcher 1649:, Massey Research Online, 1620:, Massey Research Online, 444:eggs in the collection of 2832:Auckland Island merganser 2155: 1705:at Birdlife International 699:: e.T22696476A208302635. 218: 211: 103:Scientific classification 101: 84: 62: 53: 48: 39: 34: 2844:Chatham Island merganser 2411:Northern royal albatross 2399:New Zealand storm petrel 1690:New Zealand Birds Online 1611:Seaton, Richard (2007), 1533:www.birdoftheyear.org.nz 1407:. Accessed 6 April 2006. 799:Gmelin, Johann Friedrich 470:Relationship with humans 397:Distribution and habitat 260:) is New Zealand's only 3410:Birds described in 1788 2464:South Island saddleback 2452:North Island saddleback 2428:Orange-fronted parakeet 2200:North Island brown kiwi 1443:Murdoch, Riley (2001). 302:Johann Friedrich Gmelin 204:F. novaeseelandiae 3012: 2995: 2983: 2966: 2954: 2912: 2890: 2853: 2836: 2799: 2787: 2775: 2750: 2738: 2716: 2679: 2657: 2630: 2618: 2601: 2589: 2577: 2560: 2543: 2531: 2504: 2492: 2480: 2468: 2456: 2444: 2432: 2420: 2403: 2391: 2379: 2375:New Zealand fairy tern 2342: 2330: 2318: 2306: 2279: 2262: 2240: 2228: 2216: 2204: 2192: 2180: 2146: 2134: 2122: 2110: 2106:Variable oystercatcher 2093: 2081: 2069: 2057: 2045: 2033: 2021: 2004: 1992: 1970: 1958: 1941: 1929: 1917: 1905: 1893: 1881: 1869: 1857: 1845: 1833: 1821: 1809: 1797: 1284:New Zealand Geographic 1169:Cardrona Alpine Resort 1059:. The Peregrine Fund. 934:New Holland Publishers 597: 548: 448: 355:orange-breasted falcon 288: 247: 3372:Falco-novaeseelandiae 3341:Paleobiology Database 3118:Falco_novaeseelandiae 3104:Falco novaeseelandiae 3074:Falco novaeseelandiae 3003:New Zealand musk duck 2950:Scarlett's shearwater 2827:South Island adzebill 2822:North Island adzebill 2712:Erect-crested penguin 2556:Chatham oystercatcher 2387:New Zealand king shag 2029:New Zealand rock wren 1567:Falco novaeseelandiae 1109:"SFF Project Summary" 1023:Moon, Geoff. (2010). 685:Falco novaeseelandiae 595: 546: 439: 328:Falco novaeseelandiae 282: 257:Falco novaeseelandiae 222:Falco novaeseelandiae 2653:Antipodean albatross 2643:Subantarctic islands 1966:New Zealand dotterel 1865:Double-banded plover 1777:Birds of New Zealand 1057:"New Zealand Falcon" 848:. 82 Pt A: 166–182. 728:"Appendices | CITES" 539:Electrocution threat 377:) and South Island ( 285:Birds of New Zealand 2962:North Island takahē 2837:rakiraki maungahuka 2783:New Zealand bittern 2771:South Island piopio 2724:Reischek's parakeet 2370:South Island kōkako 2365:North Island kōkako 2253:South Island takahē 2236:Yellow-eyed penguin 2224:Southern brown kiwi 2188:Little spotted kiwi 1737:Critter of the Week 1569:New Zealand Falcon" 1475:. 10 October 2012. 1403:13 May 2006 at the 556:Cultural references 56:Conservation status 35:New Zealand falcon 3297:new-zealand-falcon 2930:South Island snipe 2925:North Island snipe 2746:Subantarctic snipe 2697:Campbell albatross 2687:Antipodes parakeet 2631:kawau o rangihaute 2302:Black-fronted tern 2176:Great spotted kiwi 2118:White-fronted tern 1983:North Island robin 1978:South Island robin 1937:Long-tailed cuckoo 1877:New Zealand falcon 1709:New Zealand falcon 1703:New Zealand Falcon 1688:New Zealand Falcon 1503:www.wingspan.co.nz 1424:. 19 November 2015 1375:Waite, Ed (2017). 1349:Fox; Wynn (2010). 967:. 11 December 2018 928:(September 2018). 598: 549: 449: 298:formally described 289: 240:New Zealand falcon 3382: 3381: 3328:Open Tree of Life 3066:Taxon identifiers 3023: 3022: 2974:New Zealand goose 2795:New Zealand quail 2539:Chatham albatross 2258:Fiordland penguin 2000:Paradise shelduck 1988:New Zealand scaup 1925:Sacred kingfisher 1913:Grey-faced petrel 1805:Black-billed gull 1604:Forest & Bird 1585:978-0-19-553069-8 1141:. 7 August 2020. 911:978-0-14-302040-0 587:Forest & Bird 533:Wildlife Act 1953 236: 235: 96: 79: 16:(Redirected from 3422: 3375: 3374: 3362: 3361: 3349: 3348: 3336: 3335: 3323: 3322: 3310: 3309: 3300: 3299: 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2041:Shining cuckoo 2038: 2026: 2014: 2009: 1997: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1963: 1951: 1946: 1934: 1922: 1910: 1898: 1886: 1874: 1862: 1850: 1838: 1826: 1814: 1802: 1789: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1775: 1773: 1772: 1765: 1758: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1706: 1700: 1691: 1685: 1680: 1672: 1671:External links 1669: 1667: 1666: 1637: 1608: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1520: 1490: 1460: 1453: 1435: 1409: 1390: 1367: 1341: 1319: 1308:on 23 May 2010 1293: 1274: 1248: 1217: 1186: 1156: 1126: 1115:on 22 May 2010 1100: 1074: 1048: 1033: 1015: 1008: 990: 988:, p. 287. 978: 949: 942: 936:. p. 19. 917: 910: 892: 883: 830: 810: 790: 765: 744: 719: 672: 671: 669: 666: 665: 664: 657: 654: 653: 652: 645: 643: 636: 634: 627: 625: 618: 616: 609: 607: 602: 599: 557: 554: 540: 537: 528: 525: 511: 508: 493: 490: 476: 473: 471: 468: 462: 459: 453: 450: 430: 427: 398: 395: 386: 383: 359:F. rufigularis 351:F. deiroleucus 336:British Museum 293: 290: 234: 233: 227: 216: 215: 209: 208: 201: 199: 195: 194: 187: 183: 182: 177: 173: 172: 167: 163: 162: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 117: 113: 112: 99: 98: 85: 82: 81: 63: 60: 59: 54: 51: 50: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3427: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3400:Falco (genus) 3398: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3298: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3110: 3105: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3055: 3045: 3043: 3033: 3029: 3014: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2979:Finsch's duck 2977: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 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1847: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1817:Brown creeper 1815: 1811: 1806: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1788: 1782: 1778: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1644: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1616: 1615: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1587: 1581: 1577: 1570: 1568: 1561: 1560: 1556:Cited sources 1555: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1524: 1521: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1461: 1456: 1450: 1446: 1439: 1436: 1423: 1419: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1399: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1371: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1352: 1345: 1342: 1329: 1323: 1320: 1307: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1275: 1263: 1259: 1252: 1249: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1221: 1218: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1190: 1187: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1160: 1157: 1144: 1140: 1139:Queenstown NZ 1136: 1130: 1127: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1101: 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307: 306:Carl Linnaeus 303: 299: 291: 286: 281: 277: 275: 274:swamp harrier 271: 267: 263: 259: 258: 253: 249: 245: 241: 230: 225: 223: 217: 214: 213:Binomial name 210: 206: 205: 200: 197: 196: 193: 192: 188: 185: 184: 181: 178: 175: 174: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 160:Falconiformes 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 125: 124: 121: 118: 115: 114: 109: 104: 100: 94: 88: 83: 77: 72: 71:Least Concern 61: 57: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 3073: 2886:Laughing owl 2881:Chatham kākā 2876:Lyall's wren 2729:Snares snipe 2597:Chatham shag 2476:Shore plover 2350:Foveaux shag 2275:Blue penguin 2212:Okarito kiwi 2077:Spotted shag 2005:pūtangitangi 1901:Grey warbler 1876: 1736: 1642: 1613: 1603: 1575: 1566: 1541:. 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Index

Kārearea

Conservation status
Least Concern
IUCN 3.1
CITES
CITES
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Falconiformes
Falconidae
Falconinae
Falco
Binomial name
Gmelin, JF
Māori
falcon
swamp harrier

formally described
Johann Friedrich Gmelin
Carl Linnaeus
Systema Naturae
genus
Falco
binomial name

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