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121:) provided these communities with assistance in Chinese language education, including textbooks, teachers, and teacher training, as well as economic assistance. Students from ROC-supported schools in these communities were qualified for university admission on Taiwan if they passed the Overseas Examination (
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donated textbooks and computers for the school. A number of other schools in these communities subsequently switched to a PRC-style curriculum. In 2019, universities in the PRC helped establish the
Jiaolian Teachers College to further develop Chinese education in northern Thailand.
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presented a major issue. By the 1980s, when the risk of insurgency had subsided, the government pursued a policy of assimilation, granting them Thai citizenship and encouraging them to abandon opium cultivation through crop substitution and other development programmes.
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visited two
Yunnanese communities and made donations to local schools. In 2011, the PRC government supported the establishment of Jiaolian High School in Chiang Mai. It was the first high school in the area to use the
71:. The United States supported these Nationalist forces because the United States hoped they would harass the People's Republic of China from the southwest, thereby diverting Chinese resources from the
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In early 2020, support from Taiwan further decreased when the DPP government concluded that the
Chinese Association for Relief and Ensuing Services was a KMT party asset and froze its finances.
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However, ties with Taiwan have decreased, and the rise of mainland
Chinese influence has led to controversy in some communities. Consistent with their desires to de-Sinicize Taiwan, the ROC's
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in 1975, and many overseas
Chinese communities in Thailand began reconnecting with communities in mainland China. The KMY Yunnanese communities were slower to re-connect with mainland China.
75:. The Burmese government protested and international pressure increased. Beginning in 1953, several rounds of withdrawals of the Nationalist forces and their families were carried out. In
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in Chiang Rai, Ban Rak Thai in Mae Hong Son, and
Arunothai in Chiang Mai. Several villages have become known as tourist destinations for their distinct culture and architecture.
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Hung, Po-Yi; Baird, Ian G. (May 2017). "From soldiers to farmers: The political geography of
Chinese Kuomintang territorialization in northern Thailand".
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125:). ROC officials also periodically visited these communities. These use of teaching materials and training from Taiwan reinforced the use of
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These
Yunnanese Chinese in Thailand generally held strong anti-communist views and closely associated with the Republic of China on Taiwan.
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provinces. (KMT villages alone numbered 64 in 2014, according to Taiwan government statistics.) Among the best-known settlements are
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Chang, Wen-Chin (December 2001). "From War
Refugees to Immigrants: The Case of the KMT Yunnanese Chinese in Northern Thailand".
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The PRC began seeking to obtain the support of these communities and in June 2006, the
Chinese Consul-General in
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140:(DPP) governments began gradually decreasing funding support for the Yunnanese communities in the early 2000s.
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The Thai government tolerated their presence in exchange for their assistance fighting against the
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As of 2022, the KMT Chinese and other Yunnanese groups in Thailand, collectively known in Thai as
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The Martyrs' Memorial Hall in Mae Salong serves as a museum to the KMT Chinese history in Thailand
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Han, Enze (2019). "Spillover of the Chinese Civil War and Militarization of the Borderland".
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355:"From pro-Taipei to pro-Beijing: Are KMT Chinese in Thailand switching their allegiance?"
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in the 1960s, having been pushed out of Southern China following the KMT's defeat in the
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Asymmetrical Neighbors: Borderland State Building between China and Southeast Asia
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by China and Burma expelled the remaining Nationalist forces from Burma, although
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Thailand and the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations
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39:, KMT) soldiers who settled in the mountainous border region of
326:"In Remote Thai Villages, Legacy of China's Lost Army Endures"
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The Ripple Effect: China's Complex Presence in Southeast Asia
380:"Mae Salong, where Kuomintang's 'lost army' put down roots"
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After their defeat in the Chinese Civil War, parts of the
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retreated south and crossed the border into Burma as the
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Chinese Association for Relief and Ensuing Services
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353:Siriphon, Aranya (6 September 2022).
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290:. Oxford Academic. pp. 55–71.
423:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00053.x
296:10.1093/oso/9780190688301.003.0004
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92:communist insurgency in Thailand
158:Overseas Chinese Affairs Office
411:International Migration Review
29:Kuomintang Chinese in Thailand
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131:Simplified Chinese characters
469:Chinese diaspora in Thailand
452:10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.12.005
324:Qin, Amy (14 January 2015).
138:Democratic Progressive Party
77:1960, joint military action
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479:Anti-communism in Thailand
85:Burma-Thailand borderlands
384:South China Morning Post
113:In the 1980s, the ROC's
94:, but their role in the
65:People's Liberation Army
16:Ethnic group in Thailand
263:Oxford University Press
119:zonghua jiuzhu zonghui
81:some went on to settle
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49:where they were based
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440:Political Geography
330:The New York Times
257:Han, Enze (2024).
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484:Drugs in Thailand
305:978-0-19-068830-1
272:978-0-19-769659-0
175:, Chiang Mai and
45:Chinese Civil War
41:Northern Thailand
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417:(4): 1086–1105.
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127:Traditional
100:opium trade
31:are mainly
474:Kuomintang
463:Categories
359:ThinkChina
205:References
181:Mae Salong
177:Chiang Rai
145:Chiang Mai
73:Korean War
37:Kuomintang
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33:Yunnanese
446:: 1–13.
187:See also
169:Chin Haw
67:entered
390:8 March
364:7 March
335:8 March
193:Khun Sa
83:in the
55:History
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154:Hanban
69:Yunnan
427:ISSN
392:2024
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300:ISBN
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