272:
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27:
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The horses of Mount
Kundudo were rediscovered at the beginning of the 21st century, when a team led by Ethiopian researcher Effa Delesa Kefena explored the ecozones specific to Ethiopian horses. This research highlighted the difficulties of communicating about Ethiopian horses, which are not even
298:, where they are reputed to be rare. They graze on an area of 13 hectares, and drink from a waterhole at the top of the mountain, which never dries up, even in the hot season. They are the last wild horses in East Africa. They are highly threatened with extinction, due to their rarity,
110:
horses almost faces extinction. However by 2022 due to an improvement in awareness, they prospered and their status was a total of 30 feral horses on the top of the mountain protected by guards and the number of this horse breed will be expected to rise if protected well.
859:
227:, due to the low number of founder individuals, isolation over a long period of time, and the absence of crossbreeding with horses of external origin. However, their genetic heritage is neither exceptional nor unique compared to other equine populations of this type.
214:
Kundudo horses are one of eight horse breeds identified in
Ethiopia. And, along with the Borana (the Ethiopian breed from which it diverges the most) Kundudo horses are most distant genetically from the other Ethiopian horse breeds. This study attributes one
251:
time, before releasing them. They are considered to be of little use for this purpose, with little pulling power, and are resistant to the work demanded of them. However, this farmer may have captured or sold some of the
175:
sample and nicknamed her "Basra ". In
October 2010, they counted a total of 18 horses in the mountain area. In 2013, a survey expedition was sent by the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, which counted just 11 horses.
306:. Since 2011, this animal population has been classified as critically endangered. The Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute has put in place conservation procedures, including the freezing of stallion
131:
captured one of them with the help of his uncle, at the age of 10. One oral hypothesis as to the origin of these horses is that their ancestors were military mounts left behind after the
159:
suggests, however, that the
Kundudo may be a sub-population of Abyssinian horses that returned to the wild in the recent past, perhaps during the military events of the 16th century.
106:
into a reserve, which would be opened to tourism by 2011. However, due to the decline in numbers between their discovery and an expedition in 2013, these critically
263:
attraction, based on the tourism potential of wild horse watching. The Namib horses are known worldwide, wrongly, as the only "wild" horses in Africa.
317:
listed the breed as "potentially extinct", the last recorded population of 11 horses in 2013 being too low to ensure the population's sustainability.
211:
with plunging toplines, and paunchy bellies. However, the small number of horses studied means that no consistent morphological data can be deduced.
247:, and constitute one of Africa's three "wild" horse populations, some of them are regularly captured by a local farmer who puts them to work for
383:
259:
Studies suggest that the grazing area at the top of Mount
Kundudo could gradually be turned into a tourist attraction, along the lines of the
925:
807:
127:, gathered from the oldest local inhabitants, has it that these horses have been known for over 200 years, and that the future emperor
779:
79:. There are very few of them, but have been known to the local population for two centuries. They may have come from a small group of
143:
from 1528 to 1560. It is possible that a small group of 10 to 15 horses survived for decades despite the past presence of
223:, the lowest of all Ethiopian horse populations studied. It is likely that these horses have undergone a phenomenon of
184:
290:
database provides no data on numbers, but the herd is tiny. These horses are essentially local, confined to the
388:
Domestic Animal
Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
132:
219:
to
Kundudo alone. The Ethiopian breed closest to Kundudo is the Abyssinian. The population also shows low
961:
331:
90:
They were rediscovered in 2008 during a research expedition. Kundudo horses, with their unattractive
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91:
119:
This population of horses owes its name to the biotope in which it has long evolved in the wild,
107:
461:
909:
Assessment of livestock genetic resource diversity in
Ethiopia: An implication for conservation
931:
921:
879:
775:
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220:
871:
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156:
152:
151:. However, there is no tangible evidence in favor of an origin theory. The relatively close
98:, were occasionally captured and put to ploughing work by a local farmer, who also sold the
80:
271:
180:
128:
124:
955:
352:
310:. The breed's importance in terms of its link with Ethiopian history was emphasized.
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291:
224:
120:
95:
864:
Animal
Genetic Resources/Ressources Génétiques Animales/Recursos Genéticos Animales
216:
208:
84:
353:"Kundudo feral horse: Trends, status and threats and implication for conservation"
102:. Ethiopian biodiversity conservation authorities recommended transforming their
260:
136:
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that had never been groomed and showing no signs of domestication. They took a
875:
187:, as some of them are captured annually by a local farmer, to be put to work.
68:
935:
883:
123:. Very little is known about their history, as there are no written sources.
916:
Porter, Valerie; Alderson, Lawrence; Hall, Stephen; Sponenberg, Dan (2016).
163:
well known locally. On 3 January 2008, the researchers first found a single
911:. Vol. 3. Journal of Genetic and Environmental Resources Conservation.
235:
26:
295:
140:
76:
860:"Morphological diversities and ecozones of Ethiopian horse populations"
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195:
148:
103:
72:
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The
Kundido feral horses: Fugitives of the Abyssinian domestic horses
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307:
270:
244:
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50:
303:
280:
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253:
168:
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99:
907:
Mulualem, Tewodros; Molla, Meseret; Getachew, Merkebu (2015).
853:. Vol. 25. Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP).
172:
551:
918:
Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding
466:
Institute for Breeding Rare and Endangered African Mammals
858:
Kefena, Effa; Dessie, T.; Han, J.; Kurtu, M. (2012).
433:
207:
is described as faulty, with irregular shapes, short
155:
between the Kundudo wild horses and the domesticated
670:
631:
532:
409:
302:, poor breeding practices and the demand for their
36:
808:"There Might Not Be Any Wild Horses Left on Earth"
8:
615:
19:
183:. These horses are undergoing a process of
18:
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462:"The Kundudo feral horses of Ethiopia"
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83:lost during military conflicts in the
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900:Equine genetic resources of Ethiopia
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378:
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920:(6th ed.). CAB International.
770:Briggs, Philip (2015). "Ethiopia".
870:. Animal Genetic Resources: 1–12.
504:
384:"Kundido feral / Ethiopia (Horse)"
14:
849:Kefena, Effa; Dessie, T. (2011).
351:Sufiyan, Abdurazak (April 2022).
945:Kondudo Feral Horses, essentials
25:
199:Basra, 11-year-old Kundudo mare
167:, around 11 years old, with a
1:
135:, which pitted Muslim chief
243:Although these horses have
978:
616:Kefena & Dessie (2011)
876:10.1017/s2078633612000021
357:Global Journal of Zoology
44:
24:
139:against Christian chief
16:African wild horse breed
812:Nat Geo Education Blog
283:
240:
200:
898:Kefena, Effa (2012).
274:
238:
198:
332:List of horse breeds
245:returned to the wild
51:Equus ferus caballus
772:Bradt Travel Guides
671:Kefena et al. (2012
632:Kefena et al. (2012
552:Porter et al. (2016
533:Kefena et al. (2012
518:, p. 102, 188)
410:Kefena et al. (2012
94:and suffering from
67:is a population of
21:
814:. 27 February 2018
294:region of eastern
284:
241:
201:
133:Ethiopian-Adal war
927:978-1-84593-466-8
315:CAB International
267:Spread and threat
221:genetic diversity
157:Abyssinian horses
81:Abyssinian horses
61:
60:
37:Country of origin
31:Grey Kundudo mare
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185:re-domestication
153:genetic distance
129:Haile Selassie I
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781:978-1841629223
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125:Oral tradition
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300:consanguinity
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292:Mount Kundudo
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121:Mount Kundudo
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96:consanguinity
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73:Mount Kundudo
70:
66:
65:Kundudo horse
54:
52:
47:
46:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
20:Kundudo horse
962:Horse breeds
944:
917:
908:
899:
887:. Retrieved
867:
863:
850:
843:Bibliography
833:Kefena (2012
828:
816:. Retrieved
811:
802:
795:Kefena (2012
790:
771:
765:
758:Kefena (2012
753:
746:Kefena (2012
741:
734:Kefena (2012
729:
722:Kefena (2012
707:Kefena (2012
702:
695:Kefena (2012
690:
683:Kefena (2012
678:
673:, p. 4)
666:
659:Kefena (2012
644:Kefena (2012
639:
634:, p. 5)
601:Kefena (2012
586:Kefena (2012
567:Kefena (2012
516:Kefena (2012
511:
469:. Retrieved
465:
429:
422:Kefena (2012
417:
387:
356:
346:
312:
285:
258:
242:
217:gene cluster
213:
202:
179:There is no
178:
161:
118:
89:
85:16th century
64:
62:
48:
902:. Haramaya.
889:26 February
818:28 February
261:Namib horse
191:Description
137:Ahmed Gragn
75:in eastern
471:11 January
338:References
205:morphology
108:endangered
92:morphology
71:native to
69:wild horse
947:. IBREAM.
936:948839453
884:2078-6344
313:In 2016,
181:stud book
956:Category
321:See also
296:Ethiopia
275:Kundudo
149:cheetahs
141:Dawit II
77:Ethiopia
40:Ethiopia
774:: 640.
249:harvest
115:History
104:biotope
934:
924:
882:
778:
505:Viganò
288:DAD-IS
203:Their
169:hooves
308:semen
304:foals
254:foals
231:Usage
209:backs
145:lions
100:foals
932:OCLC
922:ISBN
891:2018
880:ISSN
820:2018
776:ISBN
473:2014
286:The
281:foal
279:and
277:mare
165:mare
147:and
63:The
872:doi
173:DNA
87:.
958::
930:.
878:.
868:50
866:.
862:.
810:.
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441:^
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365:^
355:.
256:.
938:.
893:.
874::
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475:.
390:.
359:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
