1091:
373:
263:
2800:
982:
250:
996:
51:
2605:
289:
2788:
2331:
2134:
2027:
563:
who commanded sizeable economic and cultural prosperity. However, the language of
Marwanid administration and culture life was reported to be exclusively Arabic. Under the Ayyubids, many scholars note that Kurmanji gained a privileged status but admit that there is a paucity of evidence due to the
911:
and after strong criticism from parts of the community, the authorities chose to ratify the charter by mentioning both "Kurdish" and "Yezidi" as two separate languages. This resulted in the term Êzdîkî being used by some researchers when delving into the question of minority languages in
Armenia,
582:
A growing interest in the use of
Kurmanji in literature began from the 14th century on when Kurdistan had relative political stability and economic prosperity. However, it was not until the 16th century, that a Kurmanji literary tradition arose. During this era,
517:
reports that the use of
Kurmanji is declining in Turkey even when the language is used as a language of wider communication (LWC) by immigrants to Turkey, and that the language is threatened because it is losing speakers.
895:
Ezdîkî is used for
Kurmanji to differentiate themselves from Kurds. While Ezdîkî is no different from Kurmanji, some attempt to prove that Ezdîkî is an independent language, including claims that it is a
531:
Although Kurds are mentioned in the pre-Islamic period, there is no information of the
Kurdish language before the Islamic period. The first mention of Kurmanji Kurdish is by the medieval Chaldean author
623:. Unlike his peers, Xanî consciously worked to codify Kurmanji as a written language. Pre-modern Kurmanji began to decline in the 19th century simultaneously with decline of the Kurdish principalities.
912:
since most
Kurdish-speakers in Armenia are Yazidis. As a consequence of this move, Armenian universities offer language courses in both Kurmanji and Êzdîkî as two different dialects.
1685:"Construction of Kurdish and Yezidi Identities among the Kurmanji-speaking Population of the Republic of Armenia, in: Changing Identities: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia – 2011"
904:
1689:
Changing
Identities: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Collection of Selected Works, Edited by V. Voronkov, S. Khutsishvili, J. Horan), Heinrich Böll Stiftung South Caucasus
268:
3132:
1525:
2593:
1174:
2838:
3375:
3257:
2319:
2122:
1710:
Majid Hassan Ali (15 February 2019). "The identity controversy of religious minorities in Iraq: the crystallization of the Yazidi identity after 2003".
4021:
2084:
Audio recordings of narrative texts with transcriptions time-aligned at the phone level, translations, and time-aligned morphological annotations.
544:
1849:
1808:"Methodologische Überlegungen zur soziokulturellen Dokumentation von Minderheiten in Armenien. Iran and the Caucasus Vol. 18, 2, pp. 169-193"
607:
regions and quoted a
Kurmanji poem by local poet in his work. Prominent scholars from this period, whose works are preserved today include
2571:
2053:
1494:
4051:
3125:
2072:
2586:
1988:
1899:
1874:
1764:
1667:
1286:
2100:
4046:
4041:
4016:
2831:
2297:
4056:
3368:
3250:
2312:
2115:
3013:
1945:
1318:
123:
4026:
3986:
3118:
4036:
4031:
4001:
2755:
2579:
648:
and the presence of facultative phonemes. For example, Kurmanji
Kurdish distinguishes between aspirated and unaspirated
4011:
2824:
2560:
1754:
1540:
537:
1965:
Sheyholislami, Jaffer (2021), "The History and Development of Literary Central Kurdish", in Bozarslan, Hamit (ed.),
1591:
543:
Kurmanji may have potentially been a literary language from the 10th to the 12th century with the formation of many
4006:
3996:
3361:
3243:
2305:
2108:
1970:
1565:Öpengin, Ergin; Haig, Geoffrey (2014), "Regional variation in Kurmanji: A preliminary classification of dialects",
1181:
1160:
Bahdinan Kurmanji - A grammar of the Kurmanji of the Kurds of Mosul division and surrounding districts of Kurdistan
1130:
1104:
3991:
3811:
3648:
3423:
876:
701:
118:
1027:
571:
in which few words have been identified in a mostly indecipherable text. The first proper text in Kurmanji is a
595:
wrote most of his poetry and theological commentaries in Kurmanji. Furthermore, during his trips to Kurdistan,
357:
2051:
Reference Grammar with Selected Readings for Kurmanji Kurdish, written by W. M. Thackston (Harvard University)
748:
363:
316:
3876:
3224:
1216:
103:
1392:
As for their language, the Yezidis themselves, in an attempt to avoid being identified with Kurds, call it
3398:
3219:
2152:
1657:
1090:
1020:
794:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
588:
560:
108:
608:
3957:
2931:
2771:
2745:
2555:
2286:
2203:
642:
3739:
953:
900:. This has been criticized as not being based on scientific evidence and lacking scientific consensus.
3794:
3734:
3528:
3178:
3141:
2882:
2750:
2486:
2481:
2440:
2420:
2368:
2208:
2012:
732:
1842:
Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I
3950:
3492:
3445:
3079:
2992:
2958:
2946:
2609:
2281:
2161:
1175:"Language and Literacy Practices of Kurdish Children Across Their Home and School Spaces in Turkey"
829:
638:
459:
767:
567:
The first known written attestation of Kurmanji is from the geographical work Mu'jam ul-Buldān by
3865:
3842:
3832:
3579:
3465:
3287:
2886:
2847:
2653:
1994:
1735:
1490:
1383:
908:
756:
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584:
616:
3857:
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3767:
3761:
3663:
3632:
3590:
3521:
3470:
3440:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3384:
3277:
3193:
3155:
3084:
2877:
2689:
2679:
2639:
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2476:
2335:
2215:
2138:
2068:
1984:
1941:
1895:
1870:
1845:
1760:
1727:
1663:
1574:
1375:
1314:
1282:
1009:
945:
845:
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693:
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576:
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505:
469:
128:
113:
2050:
3886:
3871:
3847:
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2623:
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2378:
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2220:
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1974:
1719:
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1337:
1001:
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856:
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255:
1207:
3827:
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2941:
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2684:
2663:
2516:
2501:
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2435:
2415:
2405:
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2260:
2245:
2176:
2155:
2057:
1211:
1014:
933:
925:
818:
810:
806:
798:
592:
568:
556:
552:
421:
216:
210:
95:
1780:
1107:. Self-Administration of North & East Syria Representation in Benelux. Archived from
783:
3946:
3904:
3891:
3606:
3595:
3544:
3487:
3481:
3455:
3450:
3183:
3099:
3059:
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2902:
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2658:
2511:
2226:
921:
717:
649:
645:
204:
194:
1822:
372:
349:
3980:
3852:
3806:
3727:
3617:
3600:
3342:
3321:
2977:
2792:
2729:
2410:
2398:
1998:
1739:
1358:
Arakelova, Victoria (2001). "Healing Practices among the Yezidi Sheikhs of Armenia".
533:
408:
2997:
2966:
2719:
2709:
1915:
1756:
Handbuch des Russischen in Deutschland: Migration – Mehrsprachigkeit – Spracherwerb
1135:
809:, and in several adjacent parts of the south of Turkish Kurdistan, centered on the
548:
1723:
1276:
3897:
2081:
967:
1616:
995:
50:
3572:
2034:
1979:
1083:
977:
959:
513:
1731:
1578:
1379:
790:) provinces of the northeast of Turkish Kurdistan, as well as adjacent areas.
3754:
2087:
941:
929:
892:
342:
326:
308:
65:
1408:
949:
907:
and placed Kurdish under state protection. However, because of the divided
1867:
New Social Movements and the Armenian Question in Turkey: Civil Society vs
1254:
1078:
1058:
333:
963:
489:
1617:"The Human Rights Situation of the Yezidi Minority in the Transcaucasus"
1108:
3927:
3559:
3514:
3110:
2013:
Kurdish Kurmanji Lemmatization and Spell-checker with Spell-correction.
1387:
872:
696:
of great variability. Loosely, six dialect areas can be distinguished:
500:
294:
224:
3712:
3566:
3539:
3309:
2861:
2816:
2604:
2425:
2388:
937:
888:
868:
473:
398:
220:
3353:
1823:"The Yezidis of Armenia Face Identity Crisis over Kurdish Ethnicity"
1807:
1684:
1371:
3235:
864:
637:
Phonological features in Kurmanji include the distinction between
600:
485:
76:
377:
Geographic distribution of the Kurdish languages spoken by Kurds
3881:
2338:
2330:
2133:
2039:
604:
481:
477:
3357:
3239:
3114:
2820:
2575:
2301:
2104:
2091:
1502:. Paris: La librairie d'Amérique et d'Orient Adrien Maisonneuve
540:
also purported the existence of an alphabet for the language.
379:
1643:
Yezidis in Syria: Identity Building among a Double Minority
564:
lack of written Kurmanji documents from the Ayyubid court.
2042:
Kurdish language, history, books and latest news articles.
2030:
2015:" UHD Journal of Science and Technology 7.1 (2023): 43-52.
766:
Northern Kurmanji or Serhed Kurdish, spoken mainly in the
536:(d. 930/1) in his treatise about alphabets. Orientalist
1180:. Arizona State University. p. 146. Archived from
499:
Kurmanji is also the common and ceremonial language of
496:
regions. It is the most widely spoken form of Kurdish.
2045:
1753:
Witzlack-Makarevich, Kai; Wulff, Nadja (2017-08-08).
1208:"Kurdish language I. History of the Kurdish language"
970:
immigrants in Turkish Kurdistan also speak Kurmanji.
509:
and all prayers are written and spoken in Kurmanji.
3920:
3820:
3656:
3647:
3506:
3431:
3422:
3391:
3330:
3296:
3212:
3171:
3148:
3022:
3006:
2957:
2870:
2854:
2764:
2738:
2672:
2632:
2616:
2548:
2525:
2469:
2361:
2345:
2274:
2238:
2196:
2145:
905:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
356:
340:
324:
306:
301:
277:
238:
233:
191:
152:
92:
82:
72:
60:
23:
1940:(1st ed.). İstanbul: Kaynak Yayınları. 2000.
1916:"Türkçe için getirilen Bulgarlar Kürtçe konuşuyor"
948:around 110 Kurmanji-speaking Armenian villages in
836:) in the southeast of Turkish Kurdistan, and the
1241:Humanism, Culture, and Language in the Near East
652:, which can be aspirated in all positions. Thus
3369:
3251:
3126:
2832:
2587:
2313:
2116:
2011:Mustafa, Hanar Hoshyar, and Rebwar M. Nabi. "
1519:
1517:
1477:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
40:
34:
8:
1309:Philip G. Kreyenbroek, Stefan Sperl (2005).
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
599:praised the educational institutions of the
1332:
1330:
1281:. Asian Educational Services. p. 906.
828:Southeastern Kurmanji or Badînî, spoken in
3653:
3428:
3376:
3362:
3354:
3258:
3244:
3236:
3133:
3119:
3111:
2839:
2825:
2817:
2594:
2580:
2572:
2320:
2306:
2298:
2123:
2109:
2101:
2088:
903:On January 25, 2002, Armenia ratified the
371:
49:
20:
2082:Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) DoReCo corpus
1978:
1892:The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History
1712:British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies
1533:Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung
579:from the first half of the 14th century.
2065:Kurdish Grammar: Kurmanji Reference Book
2046:Egerîn, Kurdish (Kurmanji) search engine
1311:The Kurds : a Contemporary Overview
1162:. Baghdad: Government Press. p. ii.
932:shifted from speaking their traditional
55:Kurmanji Kurdish written in both scripts
1645:. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 123.
1526:"Kurdish linguistics: a brief overview"
1131:"Rojava could be a model for all Syria"
1039:
944:also exist and there were prior to the
207:(Latin) in Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran
1894:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 355.
1524:Haig, Geoffrey; Matras, Yaron (2002).
1759:(in German). Frank & Timme GmbH.
731:Southwestern Kurmanji, spoken in the
700:Northwestern Kurmanji, spoken in the
591:, wrote that a certain leader of the
151:
7:
1496:Grammaire Kurde (Dialecte kurmandji)
472:, spoken predominantly in southeast
1785:Minority Rights Group International
454:
35:
3956:Languages between parentheses are
1967:The Cambridge History of the Kurds
852:) in the north of Iraqi Kurdistan.
14:
797:in the east of Syrian Kurdistan,
3930:(unknown further classification)
2925:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
2799:
2798:
2786:
2603:
2329:
2132:
2025:
1220:. London and New York: Routledge
1089:
994:
980:
855:Anatolian Kurmanji is spoken in
724:) provinces of the northwest of
464:'Kurdish'), also termed
287:
261:
248:
2937:Suret (Assyrian & Chaldean)
2227:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman dialects
1622:. Refworld. May 2008. p. 5
1059:"Ethnologue - Kurmanji Kurdish"
1024:, a Kurdish linguistic magazine
936:language to either Kurmanji or
4022:Languages of Georgia (country)
3960:of the language on their left.
3225:Armenian Women's Sign Language
3014:Levantine Arabic Sign Language
2067:. Erzîrom: Amazon publishing.
1821:Serinci, Deniz (28 May 2014).
1659:The Caucasus - An Introduction
1656:Coene, Frederik (2009-10-16).
1539:(1). Berlin: 5. Archived from
1158:Captain R. E. Jardine (1922).
1:
2633:Recognized minority languages
1724:10.1080/13530194.2019.1577129
1409:"Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji)"
793:Southern Kurmanji, spoken in
468:, is the northernmost of the
2756:Central Taurus Sign Language
1865:Galip, Özlem Belçim (2020).
1844:. Gorgias Press. p. 4.
1173:Ayfer Gokalp (August 2015).
755:) provinces of Turkish, and
2725:Syriac/Assyrian/Neo-Aramaic
2561:Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language
2197:Official minority languages
1890:Kévorkian, Raymond (2011).
1139:. Nationalita. 29 July 2014
916:Kurmanji among other groups
909:Yazidi community in Armenia
573:Christian missionary prayer
88:16 million (2021–2023)
4073:
1971:Cambridge University Press
1105:"Social Contract - Sa-Nes"
883:Ezdîkî and Yazidi politics
630:
476:, northwest and northeast
430: mixed language areas
4052:Languages of Turkmenistan
3937:
3273:
2780:
2251:Southern Kurdish (Xwarin)
2098:
2093:Links to related articles
1980:10.1017/9781108623711.026
1869:. Springer. p. 161.
1641:Sebastian Maisel (2017).
1278:Notes on Kurdish Dialects
559:and especially under the
370:
240:Official language in
213:(Arabic) in Iraq and Iran
48:
33:
28:
2673:Other minority languages
2239:Other minority languages
1596:previous.cabinet.gov.krd
1493:; Lescot, Roger (1970).
16:Northern Kurdish dialect
4047:Languages of Kyrgyzstan
4042:Languages of Kazakhstan
4017:Languages of Azerbaijan
1239:Georg Krotkoff (1997).
4057:Languages of Kurdistan
3220:Armenian Sign Language
1683:Tork Dalalyan (2011).
1592:"The Kurdish language"
1360:Asian Folklore Studies
1255:"Ethnologue - Kurdish"
920:During the end of the
795:Al-Hasakah Governorate
589:Principality of Bitlis
41:
2772:Turkish bird language
2746:Turkish Sign Language
2556:Persian Sign Language
2287:Kurdish Sign Language
2063:Baran, Murat (2021).
1840:Gaunt, David (2006).
1206:Paul, Ludwig (2008).
631:Further information:
4027:Languages of Lebanon
3987:Languages of Armenia
3951:historical languages
3142:Languages of Armenia
2883:Circassian languages
2751:Mardin Sign Language
2209:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
1973:, pp. 603–632,
1918:. Rûdaw. 17 May 2017
1478:Sheyholislami (2021)
1466:Sheyholislami (2021)
1454:Sheyholislami (2021)
1442:Sheyholislami (2021)
1430:Sheyholislami (2021)
1338:"Yazidis i. General"
1275:E. S. Soane (1909).
1217:Encyclopædia Iranica
676:, and the affricate
503:. Their sacred book
4037:Languages of Russia
4032:Languages of Jordan
4002:Languages of Turkey
3023:Immigrant languages
2959:Varieties of Arabic
2947:Western Neo-Aramaic
2610:Languages of Turkey
2282:Iraqi Sign Language
2162:Mesopotamian Arabic
2033:Kurdish (Kurmanji)
1781:"Kurds (Kurdmanzh)"
1718:(5). Routledge: 8.
1491:Khan, Celadet Bedir
1480:, pp. 620–621.
1444:, pp. 612–613.
1432:, pp. 611–612.
1028:Mela Huseynê Bateyî
834:Parêzgeha Colêmêrgê
527:Pre-modern Kurmanji
279:Recognised minority
4012:Languages of Syria
3172:Minority languages
2871:Minority languages
2848:Languages of Syria
2470:Minority languages
2362:Regional languages
2146:Official languages
2056:2021-07-29 at the
1546:on 10 October 2017
1468:, p. 614-617.
1111:on 9 December 2018
757:Aleppo Governorate
585:Sharafkhan Bidlisi
455:کورمانجی, Kurmancî
391:(Northern Kurdish)
68:, Kurdish diaspora
4007:Languages of Iraq
3997:Languages of Iran
3974:
3973:
3968:
3967:
3916:
3915:
3643:
3642:
3385:Iranian languages
3351:
3350:
3331:Related languages
3233:
3232:
3149:Official language
3108:
3107:
2855:Official language
2814:
2813:
2793:Turkey portal
2765:Whistle languages
2617:Official language
2569:
2568:
2527:Working languages
2346:Official language
2295:
2294:
2139:Languages of Iraq
2040:Kurdish Institute
1851:978-1-59333-301-0
1087:(27th ed., 2024)
1010:Kurdish alphabets
946:Armenian genocide
863:), especially in
846:Erbil Governorate
838:Dohuk Governorate
805:) in the west of
726:Turkish Kurdistan
694:dialect continuum
692:Kurmanji forms a
688:Dialect continuum
633:Kurdish phonology
545:Kurdish dynasties
470:Kurdish languages
463:
444:
443:
438:
437:
401:(Central Kurdish)
64:Autochthonous to
4064:
3992:Kurdish language
3812:Zoroastrian Dari
3654:
3429:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3355:
3267:Kurdish language
3260:
3253:
3246:
3237:
3204:Western Armenian
3161:Eastern Armenian
3135:
3128:
3121:
3112:
2987:
2980:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2818:
2802:
2801:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2715:Levantine Arabic
2608:
2607:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2461:Khorasani Turkic
2334:
2333:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2299:
2246:Gorani (Hawrami)
2137:
2136:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2102:
2089:
2078:
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2028:
2001:
1982:
1952:
1951:
1938:Aşiretler raporu
1934:
1928:
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1887:
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1880:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1837:
1831:
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1818:
1812:
1811:
1806:Schulze, Ilona.
1803:
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1743:
1707:
1701:
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1421:
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1399:
1398:
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1344:
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1325:
1324:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1272:
1266:
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1263:
1261:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1230:
1229:
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1212:Yarshater, Ehsan
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1187:on 30 March 2019
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857:Central Anatolia
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761:Syrian Kurdistan
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877:Anatolian Kurds
844:) and parts of
807:Iraqi Kurdistan
799:Sinjar District
759:in the west of
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650:voiceless stops
646:voiceless stops
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577:Armenian script
569:Yaqut al-Hamawi
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2079:
2074:979-8666578360
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2020:External links
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1989:
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1787:. 19 June 2015
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1366:(2): 319–328.
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1243:. p. 299.
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3399:Proto-Iranian
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2024:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1990:9781108623711
1986:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1917:
1911:
1908:
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1901:9780857730206
1897:
1893:
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1876:9783030594008
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1676:
1671:
1669:9781135203023
1665:
1662:. Routledge.
1661:
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1333:
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1327:
1322:
1316:
1313:. Routledge.
1312:
1305:
1302:
1290:
1288:9788120617506
1284:
1280:
1279:
1271:
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1256:
1250:
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1016:
1013:
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1007:
1003:
997:
992:
989:
978:
973:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
940:. Kurdophone
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
915:
913:
910:
906:
901:
899:
894:
890:
882:
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789:
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777:
773:
769:
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754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
702:Kahramanmaraş
699:
698:
697:
695:
687:
685:
651:
647:
644:
640:
634:
626:
624:
622:
618:
614:
613:Feqiyê Teyran
610:
609:Melayê Cizîrî
606:
602:
598:
597:Evliya Çelebi
594:
593:Derzin Castle
590:
586:
580:
578:
574:
570:
565:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
538:Joseph Hammer
535:
534:Ibn Wahshiyya
526:
521:
519:
516:
515:
510:
508:
507:
502:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
461:
452:
448:
434:
423:
419:
410:
409:Zaza language
400:
390:
382:
381:
374:
369:
365:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
345:
344:
339:
335:
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259:
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206:
203:
202:
200:
196:
190:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
158:Botani (Boti)
157:
156:
155:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
104:Indo-European
101:
97:
91:
87:
81:
78:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
52:
47:
43:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3942:
3903:
3896:
3864:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3707:
3695:
3673:
3625:
3616:
3605:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3480:
3303:
3188:
2993:Mesopotamian
2912:
2803:
2784:
2698:
2383:
2336:Languages of
2225:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2160:
2064:
1966:
1959:Bibliography
1937:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1910:
1891:
1885:
1866:
1860:
1841:
1835:
1826:
1816:
1810:(in German).
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1784:
1775:
1755:
1748:
1715:
1711:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1688:
1678:
1658:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1624:. Retrieved
1611:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1541:the original
1536:
1532:
1504:. Retrieved
1495:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1415:November 26,
1413:. Retrieved
1411:. Ethnologue
1403:
1393:
1391:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1310:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1277:
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
1249:
1240:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1215:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1182:the original
1168:
1159:
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1136:Salih Muslim
1134:
1125:
1113:. Retrieved
1109:the original
1099:
1082:
1074:
1062:. Retrieved
1019:
958:
919:
902:
886:
860:
849:
841:
833:
825:) provinces.
822:
814:
802:
787:
779:
771:
752:
744:
736:
721:
713:
705:
691:
636:
617:Elî Teremaxî
581:
566:
549:Hasanwayhids
547:such as the
542:
530:
512:
511:
504:
498:
465:
446:
445:
432:
424:is included)
388:
358:Linguasphere
341:
133:
124:Northwestern
109:Indo-Iranian
18:
3898:Old Persian
3735:Mazanderani
3529:Khwarezmian
3414:New Iranian
3404:Old Iranian
2421:Mazanderani
2369:Azerbaijani
2204:Neo-Aramaic
2031:Wîkîferheng
922:Ottoman era
887:Among some
643:unaspirated
621:Ehmedê Xanî
506:Mishefa Reş
484:, northern
480:, northern
3981:Categories
3573:Sarghulami
3493:Yazghulami
3446:Ishkashimi
3318:(Southern)
3306:(Northern)
3288:Literature
3080:Portuguese
2487:Circassian
2035:Wiktionary
1947:9753432208
1506:28 October
1320:1134907656
1084:Ethnologue
1064:3 February
1034:References
968:Circassian
514:Ethnologue
173:Shemdinani
3958:varieties
3945:indicate
3866:Pahlavani
3858:Bakhtiari
3843:Kuhmareyi
3833:Bashkardi
3755:Old Azeri
3466:Sanglechi
3312:(Central)
3297:Languages
3278:Alphabets
2985:Damascene
2972:Levantine
2887:Kabardian
2654:Bulgarian
1999:235541104
1740:150358224
1732:1353-0194
1601:13 August
1579:2051-4883
1380:0385-2342
1224:28 August
960:Bulgarian
942:Armenians
930:Tur Abdin
926:Assyrians
893:glossonym
749:Şanlıurfa
741:Gaziantep
639:aspirated
627:Phonology
587:from the
561:Marwanids
343:Glottolog
327:ISO 639-3
309:ISO 639-1
73:Ethnicity
66:Kurdistan
3887:Hazaragi
3838:Garmsiri
3778:Sangsari
3773:Lasgerdi
3762:Parthian
3740:Tabaroid
3708:Kurmanji
3664:Ashtiani
3633:Yaghnobi
3591:Ossetian
3580:Scythian
3555:Southern
3550:Northern
3522:Bactrian
3471:Sarikoli
3441:Bartangi
3304:Kurmanji
3194:Lomavren
3189:Kurmanji
3179:Assyrian
3156:Armenian
3085:Japanese
2978:Aleppine
2913:Kurmanji
2878:Armenian
2805:Category
2730:Zaza(ki)
2699:Kurmanji
2690:Georgian
2680:Albanian
2640:Armenian
2497:Georgian
2482:Assyrian
2477:Armenian
2384:Kurmanji
2216:Armenian
2185:Kurmanji
2153:Standard
2054:Archived
1791:22 March
1695:23 March
1626:23 March
1550:27 April
1343:19 March
1294:22 March
1260:19 March
1191:19 March
1143:22 March
1115:22 March
1079:Kurmanji
1021:Kurmancî
974:See also
733:Adıyaman
557:Ayyubids
553:Rawadids
494:Khorasan
490:Caucasus
488:and the
447:Kurmanji
389:Kurmanji
364:58-AAA-a
350:nort2641
185:Mihemedi
167:Bayezidi
153:Dialects
134:Kurmanji
42:Kurmancî
36:کورمانجی
24:Kurmanji
3947:extinct
3943:Italics
3928:Badeshi
3872:Persian
3848:Kumzari
3790:Taleshi
3783:Sorkhei
3768:Semnani
3723:Kordali
3703:Kurdish
3697:Gorgani
3675:Daylami
3669:Balochi
3649:Western
3627:Sogdian
3586:Alanian
3560:Wanetsi
3545:Central
3535:Parachi
3515:Avestan
3476:Shughni
3461:Roshani
3424:Eastern
3392:History
3283:Grammar
3199:Russian
3090:Russian
3075:Chinese
3055:Italian
3045:Spanish
3040:Punjabi
3030:English
2932:Aramaic
2920:Turkish
2908:Kurdish
2893:Chechen
2720:Romeika
2695:Kurdish
2648:Western
2644:Eastern
2624:Turkish
2540:Russian
2535:English
2507:Jadgali
2456:Semnani
2451:Turkmen
2446:Qashqai
2431:Balochi
2379:Kurdish
2353:Persian
2266:Shabaki
2256:Persian
2221:Turkish
2171:Kurdish
1388:1179060
1214:(ed.).
964:Chechen
889:Yazidis
873:Aksaray
780:Erzerom
776:Erzurum
710:Malatya
575:in the
522:History
501:Yazidis
462:
451:Kurdish
295:Armenia
225:Armenia
179:Shikaki
161:Marashi
129:Kurdish
119:Western
114:Iranian
3921:Others
3828:Achomi
3800:Tatoid
3748:Median
3718:Xwarin
3713:Sorani
3691:Gorani
3686:Gilaki
3607:Jassic
3567:Ormuri
3540:Pashto
3507:Others
3498:Yidgha
3338:Gorani
3316:Xwarin
3310:Sorani
3095:Danish
3070:Arabic
3065:Hebrew
3050:German
3035:French
2942:Turoyo
2898:Domari
2705:Ladino
2685:Domari
2664:Hebrew
2517:Khalaj
2502:Hebrew
2492:Domari
2436:Talysh
2426:Arabic
2416:Gilaki
2406:Gorani
2394:Xwarin
2389:Sorani
2374:Achomi
2261:Hebrew
2179:(Main)
2177:Sorani
2164:(Main)
2156:Arabic
2071:
1997:
1987:
1944:
1922:21 May
1898:
1873:
1848:
1763:
1738:
1730:
1666:
1577:
1394:Ezdiki
1386:
1378:
1317:
1285:
954:Silvan
950:Beşiri
938:Arabic
934:Turoyo
891:, the
871:, and
869:Ankara
819:Batman
817:) and
815:Mêrdîn
811:Mardin
803:Şingal
782:) and
747:) and
737:Semsûr
716:) and
714:Meletî
682:/t͡ʃʰ/
474:Turkey
433:
428:
422:Gorani
416:
414:
407:
405:
399:Sorani
397:
395:
387:
385:
292:
269:Rojava
266:
253:
221:Russia
182:Silivi
176:Badini
170:Hekari
164:Ashiti
61:Region
3892:Tajik
3821:South
3657:North
3596:Digor
3488:Wakhi
3482:Vanji
3456:Munji
3451:Khufi
3433:Pamir
3184:Greek
3100:Dutch
3060:Hindi
2998:Najdi
2967:Shawi
2903:Greek
2659:Greek
1995:S2CID
1827:Rudaw
1736:S2CID
1620:(PDF)
1544:(PDF)
1529:(PDF)
1500:(PDF)
1384:JSTOR
1210:. In
1185:(PDF)
1178:(PDF)
875:, by
865:Konya
772:Agirî
745:Entab
722:Sêwaz
718:Sivas
706:Meraş
680:with
678:/t͡ʃ/
672:with
664:with
601:Amedi
486:Syria
77:Kurds
3882:Dari
3853:Luri
3807:Zaza
3795:Tati
3728:Laki
3681:Fars
3618:Saka
3601:Iron
3343:Zaza
3322:Laki
2441:Tati
2411:Luri
2399:Laki
2339:Iran
2069:ISBN
1985:ISBN
1942:ISBN
1924:2019
1896:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1793:2019
1761:ISBN
1728:ISSN
1697:2019
1664:ISBN
1628:2019
1603:2019
1575:ISSN
1552:2013
1508:2017
1417:2023
1376:ISSN
1345:2019
1315:ISBN
1296:2019
1283:ISBN
1262:2019
1226:2013
1193:2019
1145:2019
1117:2019
1066:2018
966:and
952:and
823:Êlih
768:Ağrı
753:Riha
674:/kʰ/
666:/tʰ/
658:/pʰ/
641:and
619:and
605:Akre
603:and
492:and
482:Iraq
478:Iran
460:lit.
223:and
3949:or
2710:Laz
1975:doi
1720:doi
1691:: 6
1368:doi
1081:at
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