211:
484:
354:
934:
866:
contradicted
Yakovlev's report. Ministry sources said that no agreements on missile launch warnings exist between Russian and North Korea, and that no one was notified about the test ahead of time. A spokesman for the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that although North Korea's missile launch
470:
It is thought that the
Paektusan-1 solid propellant third stage both demonstrated a near full duration burn and the spin up of the stage and satellite along its longitudinal axis. However, the third stage solid motor ruptured, de-orbiting the satellite almost immediately after orbital insertion while
462:
By mid-August, U.S. intelligence had detected activity consistent with preparation and support of a missile flight test, and on 31 August, North Korea launched the
Paektusan-1 in an attempt to place a small satellite into earth orbit. U.S. intelligence observed the preparations for the launch, so the
805:
on the launching of a medium-range missile from the territory of his country. What is more, he said that at the consulate general itself they had learned of the launching from the media. The DPRK Socialist
Constitution declared Kim Il-sŏng "eternal president of the DPRK" and elevated the status of
1108:
Brue
Cumings, Korea's Place in the Sun, New York: W. W. Norton, 1997, pp. 22–25. North Korea claims to have discovered Tangun's remains in Pyongyang in 1993, and has since built a tomb for him on the outskirts of Pyongyang. See "North, South Commemorate Accession Day of Nation's Founder," The
862:"in accordance with international agreements" North Korea warned Russia of the rocket launch. Yakovlev also reported that an accident during the launch caused the rocket to change its trajectory and therefore not enter the tracking zone of Russian monitoring systems. However, the
810:, which is chaired by Kim Jong-il. In the days before and after the attempted satellite launch, DPRK media often made references to the doctrine of Kangsŏngdaeguk (national strength and prosperity) since satellite launches and missiles represent the highest levels of technology.
328:, the mythical founder of Korea, was born on the mountain in 2333 BC. And according to DPRK hagiographic propaganda, the mountain is sacred as the home of Kim Il-sŏng's anti-Japanese guerrilla base, as well as the birthplace of Kim Jong il. Even though
434:, though estimations of the mass and therefore the size of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 differed according to the various sources, ranging from 6 kg to 170 kg (as compared to the 173 kg and 100 cm × 100 cm × 100 cm of the DFH-1).
817:
medium Earth orbit with a perigee of 218.82 kilometres (135.97 mi) and apogee of 6,978.2 kilometres (4,336.1 mi) with a period of 165 minutes and 6 seconds. North Korea stated that the satellite carried transmitters which broadcast the
842:
China stated that it had no prior knowledge of the launch and has promised the United States that it will help keep "nuclear missiles out of North Korea". However, the
Chinese government had expressed concern over the proposed joint US-Japanese
458:
on 30 August, in order to provide favorable conditions for observing the launch. Due to adverse weather, the window was extended, and launch occurred at 03:07 GMT (12:07 local time), by which time the weather had improved.
474:
Despite the launch failure, North Korea reported
Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 as a total success,. with the government counting its supposed orbital passes and publishing statements of praise from international supporters.
879:
called on the global community to make a concerted effort to deter North Korea from developing, testing, and exporting missiles. He also released a joint press statement with
Japanese Foreign Minister
463:
timing was not a surprise; however, most analysts did not expect the missile to be configured as a space launch vehicle with a third stage. The United States initially considered the launch a test of
721:
1318:
1031:
786:
The 31 August 1998, Paektusan-1 launch was significant for North Korean domestic politics. North Korean media did not announce the test until 4 September, one day before the
1490:
690:
1148:
834:, on a frequency of 27 MHz. It also claimed that the spacecraft returned data on the temperature and pressure in space, and the conditions of its power source.
324:. Paektusan (Mount Paektu) is the highest mountain in Korea (North and South) and is located on the border with China. According to Korean nationalist mythology,
1344:
957:
847:(TMD) plan and warned that, "Japan and the United States should exercise restraint and refrain from doing anything that may cause tensions in the region".
308:, the first Chinese satellite. The mass of the satellite is unclear, with estimates ranging from 6 kilograms (13 lb) to 170 kilograms (370 lb).
1057:
807:
415:
750:
1311:
426:. Thus, the photographs published after the launch showed a satellite similar in shape with a 72-faced polyhedron, to the first Chinese satellite,
501:
371:
2394:
1483:
2497:
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1339:
1263:"Moscow Analyzes Impact of North Korean Missile Launch on Nuclear Nonproliferation and Situation in the Region," Interfax, 2 September 1998
1216:"NORTH KOREAN CONSULAR OFFICIAL IN RUSSIA MAKES COMMENT ON MISSILE LAUNCH", ITAR-TASS news agency (World Service), Moscow, 2 September 1998
270:
from the launch, and outside North Korea it is considered to have been a failure. It was the first satellite to be launched as part of the
54:
1304:
863:
301:
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1370:
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111:
918:
to circumvent congressional opposition to the 1994 Agreed
Framework by shifting $ 15 million to fund the purchase of 150,000 tons of
875:
South Korea's response was relatively muted. In his U.N speech on 25 September 1998, South Korean
Foreign Affairs and Trade Minister
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1365:
523:
393:
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achieving orbital velocity. U.S. officials said the launching represented North Korea's interests to build longer-range missiles.
29:
1360:
1119:
1254:
Yuriy Golotyuk and Sergey Golotyuk, "Russian Pacific Fleet Scared by Russian Rocket Forces," Russkiy Telegraf, 2 September 1998
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505:
375:
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on 31 August 1998. While the North Korean government claimed that the launch was successful, no objects were ever tracked in
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1447:
411:
1002:
902:
On 10 September, the United States announced a package of agreements aimed at defusing tensions and resuming the stalled
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On 13 September, the North Korean media reported that the satellite had completed its 100th orbit, and that it was in an
340:, and on that day a bright lode star (kwangmyŏngsŏng) appeared in the sky, so everyone knew a new general had been born.
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1225:
Simon Beck, "Beijing 'to Help U.S.' Over North Korean Missiles," South China Morning Post (Hong Kong), 17 September 1998
787:
1414:
454:(East Sea of Korea) to track the rocket during its ascent to orbit. The launch was originally scheduled for an evening
271:
2349:
859:
823:
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era. On 2 September, the official spokesman of the consulate general of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in
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Thomas W. Lippman, "Perry May be Named to Try to Salvage Pact with N. Korea," Washington Post, 4 October 1998, p. 27
290:
494:
364:
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856:
423:
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Jun Kwan-woo, "Pyongyang Agrees to Return to Four-Party Peace Talks", Korea Herald (Seoul), 11 September 1998
447:
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1967:
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was involved in the development of Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1, which had a 72-faced polyhedral shape, similar to
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1952:
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1932:
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1234:"China Warns U.S, Japan About Missile Defense Agreement," Indian Express (Delhi), 23 September 1998
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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technology, but it later noted that the rocket's trajectory indicated an orbital launch attempt.
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101:
33:
An image released on North Korean television of the first experimental satellite Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1
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rocket, at 03:07 GMT on 31 August 1998, a few days before the 50th anniversary of North Korea's
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1947:
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191:
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1977:
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907:
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611:
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134:
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1962:
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concerned Moscow, Russia would like to have normal, friendly relations with North Korea.
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919:
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1272:"Joint Statement on North Korea Issues," Kyodo News Service (Tokyo), 25 September 1998
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455:
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1912:
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satellite project. It may also extend to additional satellites, including a crude
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condemning North Korea's missile launch, but reaffirming support for the 1994
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1982:
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28:
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Pinkston, Daniel A. (2006). "North and South Korean Space Development".
2354:
1937:
1830:
814:
508: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
378: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1244:"North Korea fires missile over Japan", The Guardian, 1 September 1998
1058:"North Korea's space launch programme and long-range missile projects"
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2309:
2300:
1871:
1764:
1683:
1545:
1538:
325:
2465:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
214:
Satellite launches of North Korea. ①: Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1 ②:
316:
The names "Paektusan" and "Kwangmyŏngsŏng" are richly symbolic for
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274:, and the first satellite that North Korea attempted to launch.
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announced that the satellite had successfully been placed into
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test site to prepare for a satellite launch. Two weeks later,
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On 7 August 1998, scientific personnel began to arrive at the
347:
418:. This assistance has continued with the development of the
537:
North Korean rockets flown over the Japanese archipelago
410:, North Korea received considerable assistance from the
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1407:
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1353:
1332:
1032:"U.S. Calls North Korean Rocket a Failed Satellite"
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107:
97:
81:
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60:
50:
42:
790:amended the DPRK Constitution to usher in the
2461:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
1484:
1312:
1149:"A North Korean Satellite? U.S. Is Searching"
8:
1345:National Aerospace Technology Administration
332:was born in the former Soviet Far East near
249:
21:
1086:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
1005:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
958:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
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1477:
1469:
1319:
1305:
1297:
27:
20:
1122:. 中国空间技术研究院. 25 July 2006. Archived from
1109:People's Korea, 12 October 2002, pp. 1–2,
524:Learn how and when to remove this message
394:Learn how and when to remove this message
535:
984:
1143:
1141:
1026:
1024:
336:, DPRK sources claim Kim was born on
7:
1340:Korean Committee of Space Technology
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
506:adding citations to reliable sources
376:adding citations to reliable sources
166:6,978.2 kilometres (4,336.1 mi)
864:Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
302:China National Space Administration
1371:Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground
798:has refused to comment to Russian
465:intercontinental ballistic missile
156:218.82 kilometres (135.97 mi)
14:
1366:Sohae Satellite Launching Station
837:
1361:General Satellite Control Center
932:
482:
352:
186:165 minutes, 6 seconds
493:needs additional citations for
450:vessels were deployed into the
363:needs additional citations for
968:1993 North Korean missile test
542:
1:
2498:Space program of North Korea
416:Academy of Launch Technology
2488:Spacecraft launched in 1998
824:Song of General Kim Jong-il
820:Song of General Kim Il-sung
808:National Defense Commission
2514:
1327:North Korean space program
838:People's Republic of China
291:Korean Central News Agency
2493:Satellite launch failures
2455:
1523:
1196:10.1080/14777620600919168
855:According to the head of
788:Supreme People's Assembly
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717:
686:
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561:
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430:, itself very similar to
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117:
72:
68:
38:
26:
857:Strategic Missile Troops
424:reconnaissance satellite
1448:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3 Unit 2
845:Theater Missile Defense
665:Kwangmyŏngsŏng (Unha-3)
287:independence from Japan
1415:Kwangmyŏngsŏng program
1120:"一九九六－二〇〇五年全球运载火箭发射概况"
289:. On 4 September, the
272:Kwangmyŏngsŏng program
262:allegedly launched by
226:
16:North Korean satellite
1381:Space launch vehicles
277:It was launched from
213:
131:Reference system
85:31 August 1998, 03:07
2411:Mars Climate Orbiter
1507:Orbital launches in
502:improve this article
448:Korean People's Navy
372:improve this article
2483:1998 in North Korea
1188:2006AstPo...4..207P
1038:. 15 September 1998
916:executive authority
559:North Korean claim
538:
89:1998-08-31UTC03:07Z
23:
1155:. 6 September 1998
1153:The New York Times
1036:The New York Times
1003:"Kwangmyongsong 1"
940:Spaceflight portal
888:Madeleine Albright
885:Secretary of State
722:September 15, 2017
536:
318:Korean nationalism
234:Gwangmyeongseong-1
227:
126:Orbital parameters
2470:
2469:
1968:Gurwin Techsat 1B
1466:
1465:
1009:on 25 August 2002
922:for North Korea.
860:Vladimir Yakovlev
774:
773:
632:December 12, 2012
534:
533:
526:
406:In designing the
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403:
396:
208:
207:
176:40.6 degrees
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2075:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1
1528:Lunar Prospector
1512:
1511:
1510:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1453:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4
1443:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3
1438:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
1433:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1
1321:
1314:
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1110:
1106:
1100:
1099:
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1090:on 31 March 2009
1084:"Kwangmyongsong"
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1043:
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1019:
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998:
953:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3
948:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
942:
937:
936:
935:
908:Korean Peninsula
904:Four Party Talks
892:Agreed Framework
681:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4
677:Satellite launch
661:February 7, 2016
652:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3
648:Satellite launch
623:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
619:Satellite launch
590:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1
586:Satellite launch
553:Area flown over
544:
539:
529:
522:
518:
515:
509:
486:
478:
428:Dong Fang Hong I
420:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
408:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1
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306:Dong Fang Hong I
253:
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230:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1
224:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-4
220:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-3
216:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
152:Perigee altitude
92:
90:
77:Start of mission
61:Mission duration
31:
24:
22:Kwangmyŏngsŏng-1
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881:Masahiko Komura
877:Hong Soon-young
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751:October 4, 2022
691:August 29, 2017
570:August 31, 1998
562:Satellite name
556:Advance notice
530:
519:
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369:
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322:Kim family cult
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295:low Earth orbit
162:Apogee altitude
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2230:Molniya-1T #99
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1227:
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1209:
1182:(2): 217–219.
1166:
1137:
1126:on 7 July 2011
1111:
1101:
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1020:
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976:
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965:
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927:
924:
920:heavy fuel oil
910:U.S President
899:
896:
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869:
852:
849:
839:
836:
783:
780:
778:
775:
772:
771:
769:
767:
764:
759:
753:
748:
744:
743:
740:
739:Missile launch
737:
734:
729:
724:
719:
715:
714:
709:
708:Missile launch
706:
703:
698:
693:
688:
684:
683:
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584:
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532:
531:
490:
488:
481:
439:
436:
402:
401:
360:
358:
351:
345:
342:
313:
310:
206:
205:
202:
201:
198:
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194:
188:
187:
184:
178:
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174:
168:
167:
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158:
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142:
138:
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119:
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109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
83:
79:
78:
74:
73:
70:
69:
66:
65:
64:Launch failure
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
36:
35:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2510:
2499:
2496:
2494:
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2489:
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2319:
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2314:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2280:Progress M-40
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2179:Globalstar 21
2176:
2174:
2173:
2172:Globalstar 20
2169:
2167:
2166:
2165:Globalstar 18
2162:
2160:
2159:
2158:Globalstar 17
2155:
2153:
2152:
2151:Globalstar 16
2148:
2146:
2145:
2144:Globalstar 13
2141:
2139:
2138:
2137:Globalstar 12
2134:
2132:
2131:
2130:Globalstar 11
2127:
2125:
2124:
2123:Globalstar 10
2120:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
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1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Progress M-39
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1786:Globalstar 15
1784:
1782:
1781:Globalstar 14
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
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1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1669:Progress M-38
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1569:Inmarsat-3 F5
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1502:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:Organizations
1331:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1287:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:Astropolitics
1170:
1167:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1008:
1004:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
985:
978:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
941:
930:
925:
923:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
898:United States
897:
895:
893:
889:
886:
882:
878:
870:
868:
865:
861:
858:
850:
848:
846:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
811:
809:
804:
801:
797:
793:
789:
781:
776:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
757:
754:
752:
749:
745:
741:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
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713:
710:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
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689:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
671:
668:
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656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
631:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
613:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:April 5, 2009
598:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
569:
565:
540:
528:
525:
517:
507:
503:
497:
496:
491:This section
489:
485:
480:
479:
476:
472:
468:
466:
460:
457:
456:launch window
453:
449:
445:
437:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
398:
395:
387:
377:
373:
367:
366:
361:This section
359:
355:
350:
349:
343:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:Bright Star 1
247:
239:
235:
231:
225:
221:
217:
212:
203:
199:
195:
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
173:
169:
165:
163:
159:
155:
153:
149:
146:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
124:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
2462:
2458:
2409:
2359:
2299:
2270:Deep Space 1
2225:Orbcomm FM28
2220:Orbcomm FM27
2215:Orbcomm FM26
2210:Orbcomm FM25
2205:Orbcomm FM24
2200:Orbcomm FM23
2195:Orbcomm FM22
2190:Orbcomm FM21
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2116:Globalstar 9
2114:
2109:Globalstar 7
2107:
2102:Globalstar 5
2100:
2074:
2073:
2061:
2039:
2032:
2028:Orbcomm FM20
2023:Orbcomm FM19
2018:Orbcomm FM18
2013:Orbcomm FM17
2008:Orbcomm FM16
2003:Orbcomm FM15
1998:Orbcomm FM14
1993:Orbcomm FM13
1953:Resurs-O1 #4
1928:Molniya 3-49
1913:Intelsat 805
1870:
1776:Globalstar 8
1771:Globalstar 6
1763:
1664:Intelsat 806
1609:Globalstar 4
1604:Globalstar 3
1599:Globalstar 2
1594:Globalstar 1
1564:Brasilsat B3
1551:
1544:
1537:
1458:Malligyong-1
1432:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1259:
1250:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1152:
1128:. Retrieved
1124:the original
1114:
1104:
1092:. Retrieved
1088:the original
1082:Wade, Mark.
1077:
1065:. Retrieved
1061:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1035:
1011:. Retrieved
1007:the original
1001:Wade, Mark.
912:Bill Clinton
901:
874:
854:
841:
812:
785:
589:
520:
511:
500:Please help
495:verification
492:
473:
469:
461:
452:Sea of Japan
441:
419:
407:
405:
390:
381:
370:Please help
365:verification
362:
338:Mount Paektu
315:
299:
276:
255:
233:
229:
228:
43:Mission type
18:
2447:Kosmos 2364
2442:Kosmos 2363
2437:Kosmos 2362
2432:Kosmos 2361
2385:MightySat-1
2306:SPARTAN-201
2245:Eutelsat W2
2041:Soyuz TM-28
1988:Kosmos 2360
1958:Fasat-Bravo
1923:Kosmos 2359
1918:Kosmos 2358
1908:Kosmos 2357
1903:Kosmos 2356
1898:Kosmos 2355
1893:Kosmos 2354
1888:Kosmos 2353
1883:Kosmos 2352
1821:EchoStar IV
1816:Kosmos 2351
1801:Kosmos 2350
1791:Nilesat 101
1654:Teledesic 1
1614:Kosmos 2349
1579:Orbcomm FM4
1574:Orbcomm FM3
1553:Soyuz TM-27
1130:28 February
973:Taepodong-1
963:Taepodong-2
871:South Korea
800:news agency
792:Kim Jong-il
782:North Korea
574:Taepodong-1
514:August 2021
384:August 2021
330:Kim Jong-il
264:North Korea
172:Inclination
108:Launch site
82:Launch date
2477:Categories
2422:Iridium 20
2417:Iridium 11
2400:Nadezhda 5
2341:Iridium 86
2336:Iridium 85
2331:Iridium 84
2326:Iridium 83
2284:Sputnik 41
2255:Hot Bird 5
2096:Iridium 82
2091:Iridium 81
2086:Iridium 80
2081:Iridium 79
2052:Iridium 76
1866:Zhongwei 1
1861:Iridium 75
1856:Iridium 74
1851:Iridium 73
1846:Iridium 72
1841:Iridium 70
1811:Iridium 71
1806:Iridium 69
1759:Iridium 68
1754:Iridium 67
1749:Iridium 66
1744:Iridium 65
1739:Iridium 64
1734:Iridium 63
1729:Iridium 62
1719:Iridium 60
1714:Iridium 59
1709:Iridium 58
1704:Iridium 57
1699:Iridium 55
1694:Iridium 61
1689:Iridium 51
1659:Hot Bird 4
1639:Iridium 56
1634:Iridium 54
1629:Iridium 53
1624:Iridium 52
1619:Iridium 50
1425:Satellites
1399:Chollima-1
1354:Facilities
979:References
832:morse code
830:Korea" in
815:elliptical
758:(presumed)
756:Hwasong-12
727:Hwasong-12
696:Hwasong-12
444:Musudan-ri
334:Khabarovsk
279:Musudan-ri
254:, meaning
135:Geocentric
46:Technology
2459:underline
2321:Iridium 2
2063:Galaxy 10
2047:Iridium 3
2034:Mercury 3
1983:Sinosat-1
1948:Tubsat-N1
1644:Kakehashi
1533:Skynet 4D
1389:Paektusan
1204:144402142
914:used his
803:ITAR-TASS
777:Reactions
432:Telstar 1
312:Etymology
283:Paektusan
260:satellite
145:Low Earth
102:Paektusan
93: UTC
2405:Astrid 2
2390:Satmex 5
2290:AfriStar
2275:SEDSAT-1
2265:Maqsat 3
2250:Sirius 3
2069:Astra 2A
1943:Tubsat-N
1589:Ad Astra
1408:Programs
926:See also
822:", the "
796:Nakhodka
732:Hokkaido
701:Hokkaido
320:and the
281:using a
258:) was a
222:④:
218:③:
51:Operator
2463:italics
2355:Bonum 1
2260:USA-140
2239:USA-141
1978:SAFIR-2
1973:WESTPAC
1938:Shtil-1
1831:NOAA-15
1826:USA-139
1796:BSat-1B
1679:USA-138
1559:USA-137
1184:Bibcode
1159:6 April
1094:6 April
1067:31 July
1062:Reuters
1042:5 April
1013:6 April
906:on the
883:and US
826:" and "
670:Okinawa
641:Okinawa
196:Claimed
112:Tonghae
87: (
2427:PAS-6B
2361:STS-88
2310:PANSAT
2301:STS-95
1933:Nozomi
1878:Thor 3
1872:STS-91
1765:STS-90
1684:SPOT 4
1546:STS-89
1539:Ofek-4
1516:1999 →
1501:← 1997
1202:
851:Russia
762:Aomori
636:Unha-3
603:Unha-2
550:Model
438:Launch
344:Design
326:Tangun
251:光明星 1號
242:광명성 1호
238:Korean
182:Period
141:Regime
98:Rocket
2380:SAC-A
2375:PMA-2
2370:PMA-1
2366:Unity
2346:Zarya
2316:PAS-8
2185:PAS-7
1963:TMSAT
1724:TRACE
1673:VDU-2
1200:S2CID
828:Juche
612:Iwate
608:Akita
579:Akita
547:Date
412:China
268:orbit
246:Hanja
192:Epoch
2395:SWAS
2295:GE-5
2235:STEX
2057:ST-1
1649:SNOE
1509:1998
1394:Unha
1161:2009
1132:2009
1096:2009
1069:2023
1044:2009
1015:2009
806:the
742:N/A
300:The
55:KCST
2350:ISS
1584:GFO
1192:doi
712:N/A
674:Yes
645:Yes
616:Yes
543:No.
504:by
414:'s
374:by
232:or
2479::
2368:,
2348:/
2308:,
1198:.
1190:.
1178:.
1151:.
1140:^
1060:.
1034:.
1023:^
987:^
894:.
766:No
747:7
736:No
718:6
705:No
687:5
658:4
629:3
610:,
596:2
583:No
567:1
297:.
248::
244:,
240::
2364:(
2312:)
2304:(
2286:)
2282:(
2241:)
2237:(
1675:)
1671:(
1492:e
1485:t
1478:v
1320:e
1313:t
1306:v
1206:.
1194::
1186::
1180:4
1163:.
1134:.
1098:.
1071:.
1046:.
1017:.
818:"
527:)
521:(
516:)
512:(
498:.
397:)
391:(
386:)
382:(
368:.
236:(
91:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
