1410:
122:
Their laws and practices related to land management emphasize sustainability and stewardship, with a focus on maintaining the health and well-being of the land and its resources. The Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation has customary laws related to governance and decision-making that emphasize
113:
Over the past few years, the governance of the community has been entrusted to three officials (Chief and
Council), who are democratically elected by the members of the community. The Chief and Council collaborate to formulate policies and programs that advance economic and social progress, preserve
158:
The Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation people have faced a number of challenges over the years. There is no year-round road access to any of the villages of the
Kwikwasut’inuxw Haxwa’mis First Nation. Access is only by boat and all consumables and household products must be shipped in. Its
145:
Traditionally, fishing was a significant part of their livelihood, and they fished for salmon, herring, halibut, and other species using a variety of methods, such as nets, traps, and hook and line. The fishing season started in spring with
Chinook salmon and continued until the end of the chum
136:
The Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation people possess a rich culture and language, which is an integral part of their identity and heritage. Their language, the Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation language, is unique with its own sounds and grammar, and there are ongoing efforts to
182:
In 2012, the AFN has called for the phase-out of open-net fish farms and the adoption of sustainable, land-based alternatives. In 2016, members of the Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation, along with members of other First
Nations, have occupied a fish farm operated by
1409:
174:Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation had previously faced a crisis related to housing and had implemented solutions. Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis First Nation had built affordable housing units using sustainable and locally-sourced materials.
187:, a Norwegian company, in their traditional territory. The occupation is part of an ongoing protest against open-net fish farms, which First Nations argue are harming wild salmon populations and polluting their traditional territories.
383:
540:
434:
591:
489:
336:
642:
693:
288:
149:
Besides that, they hunted deer, elk, and other animals in the forests and mountains of their territory. They also trapped beavers and other fur-bearing animals for their pelts, which were used in clothing and other items.
233:
739:
1625:
171:
Issues such as inadequate housing, poverty, and lack of infrastructure, which are the result of systemic and historical injustices, are faced by many
Indigenous communities in Canada.
1478:
1618:
766:
137:
revitalize and preserve it through educational and cultural programs. The language is tonal, with words pronounced in high, middle, low, rising, or falling tones.
761:
1448:
756:
114:
cultural heritage, and protect the environment. Typically, they hold bi-weekly meetings, though they may convene more frequently to address urgent matters.
1875:
1611:
1284:
1428:
196:
1729:
1870:
1438:
827:
1016:
1006:
989:
979:
935:
925:
864:
837:
54:
1694:
951:
880:
802:
751:
1051:
1080:
1463:
854:
1749:
1418:
482:
1508:
146:
fishing season in the fall. During winter, the people remained in their winter villages and engaged in very little food gathering.
1719:
1132:
529:
423:
1095:
790:
1277:
1065:
631:
376:
1809:
1659:
682:
1339:
580:
1734:
1582:
474:
329:
1844:
1488:
1270:
273:
214:
62:
1754:
58:
17:
1119:
1096:"Assembly of First Nations National Chief Supports Kwicksutaineuk/Ah-Kwa-Mish First Nation in Asserting Rights"
1794:
1654:
1799:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1714:
1709:
1684:
1664:
1634:
1453:
38:
1739:
1704:
1669:
1577:
50:
1364:
1849:
1829:
1819:
1804:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1679:
1649:
1483:
1458:
81:
1834:
1824:
1814:
1759:
1587:
1473:
1468:
1384:
1349:
1744:
1699:
160:
70:
1344:
1724:
1443:
1334:
1329:
1839:
1603:
1354:
218:
123:
community involvement, collaboration, consensus-building, and respect for diverse perspectives.
66:
1374:
1359:
1324:
1689:
1433:
1012:
985:
931:
860:
833:
1394:
1638:
1493:
1293:
74:
46:
42:
1551:
93:
1674:
1498:
1399:
478:
226:
207:
77:, which has two meanings: "smoke of the world" or "beach at the north side of the river."
635:
584:
184:
97:
85:
1864:
1531:
1379:
281:
277:
1309:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1209:
1198:
1187:
1176:
1165:
1154:
1143:
1314:
427:
89:
1592:
1008:
The First
Nations of British Columbia, Third Edition: An Anthropological Overview
1369:
686:
533:
1120:"How a historic court decision is driving a new wave of First Nations protests"
1521:
1389:
1319:
222:
709:
695:
658:
644:
607:
593:
556:
542:
505:
491:
450:
436:
399:
385:
352:
338:
304:
290:
249:
235:
1516:
1541:
1572:
1546:
1526:
332:, at the tip of Islet Point on the west side of Gilford Island, 0.70 ha.
1133:
Indian and
Northern Affairs Canada, Reserves/Settlements/Villages Detail
1556:
80:
The territory of the Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis spans the southern
1536:
1262:
981:
The First
Nations of British Columbia: An Anthropological Survey
536:
in
Retreat Passage, including small off-shore islands, 9.60 ha.
1607:
1266:
1032:
904:
853:
Crane, Brian A.; Mason, Martin W.; Mainville, Robert (2006).
829:
Encyclopedia of
American Indian History [4 volumes]
1053:
Boil water advisory tops 9 years for BC native community
1055:, Oct 31, 2005, CBC.ca article, access date Nov 6, 2008
1177:
BC Names/GeoBC entry "Dug-da-myse 12 (Indian reserve)"
791:
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada First Nation Detail
73:
are two of the many subgroups of the peoples known as
1033:"The Nation | Kwikwasut'inuxw Haxwa'mis First Nation"
905:"Government | Kwikwasut'inuxw Haxwa'mis First Nation"
826:
Johansen, Bruce E.; Pritzker, Barry M. (2007-07-23).
1188:
BC Names/GeoBC entry "Gwayasdums 1 (Indian reserve)"
1565:
1507:
1417:
1302:
1221:
BC Names/GeoBC entry "Kyidagwis 2 (Indian reserve)"
1210:
BC Names/GeoBC entry "Kye-yaa-la 1 (Indian reserve"
27:
First Nation government in British Columbia, Canada
1257:
1199:BC Names/GeoBC entry "Kakweken 4 (Indian reserve)"
1166:BC Names/GeoBC entry "Dakiulis 7 (Indian reserve)"
1232:BC Names/GeoBC entry "Kyimla 11 (Indian reserve)"
1243:BC Names/GeoBC entry "Meetup 2 (Indian reserve)"
1081:"B.C. First Nation has warning for Attawapiskat"
18:Kwikwasut'inuxw Haxwa'mis First Nation
1155:BC Names/GeoBC entry "Alalco 8 (Indian reserve)
379:, on the west shore of Wakeman Sound, 1.60 ha.
1258:Kwikwasut'inuxw Haxwa'mis First Nation website
1144:BC Names/GeoBC entry "Ahta 3 (Indian reserve)"
1067:Mouldy homes of BC First Nation to be replaced
1619:
1278:
952:"Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw) | Encyclopedia.com"
881:"Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw) | Encyclopedia.com"
803:"Kwakiutl (Kwakwaka'wakw) | Encyclopedia.com"
638:on the east side of Gilford Island, 1.10 ha.
8:
96:or Gwayasdums, a small community located on
927:Private Law: Key Encounters with Public Law
1626:
1612:
1604:
1285:
1271:
1263:
924:Barker, Kit; Jensen, Darryn (2013-12-05).
1479:Mamalilikulla-QweʼQwaʼSotʼEm First Nation
1429:Campbell River First Nation (Wei Wai Kum)
1069:, CBC.ca article, access date Nov 6, 2008
583:, on the western shore of Wakeman Sound,
426:, on the west shore of Gilford Island on
197:The Canadian Crown and Aboriginal peoples
1730:Kwicksutaineuk-ah-kwa-mish First Nation
783:
35:Kwicksutaineuk-ah-kwa-mish First Nation
210:under the band's administration are:
1434:Cape Mudge First Nation (Wei Wai Kai)
159:citizens have been operating under a
55:Musgamagw Tsawataineuk Tribal Council
7:
973:
971:
229:north of Gilford Island, 7.10 ha.
41:band government based on northern
25:
1876:Central Coast of British Columbia
1750:Mowachaht/Muchalaht First Nations
1720:Kyuquot/Cheklesahht First Nation
377:Dug-da-myse Indian Reserve No. 12
1408:
1005:Muckle, Robert J. (2014-10-15).
88:area just north of the mouth of
530:Kye-yaa-la Indian Reserve No. 1
485:, off Tribune Channel, 4.0 ha.
424:Gwayasdums Indian Reserve No. 1
53:region. It is a member of the
930:. Cambridge University Press.
581:Kyidagwis Indian Reserve No. 2
1:
1464:Daʼnaxdaʼxw Awaetlatla Nation
1439:Gwaʼsala-ʼNakwaxdaʼxw Nations
978:Muckle, Robert James (1998).
475:Kakweken Indian Reserve No. 4
330:Dakiulis Indian Reserve No. 7
1695:Gwa'sala-'Nakwaxda'xw Nation
1444:Kʼómoks (Comox) First Nation
1094:Turner, Angie (2012-11-19).
856:First Nations Governance Law
689:on Gilford Island, 6.40 ha.
632:Kyimla Indian Reserve No. 11
31:Ḵwiḵwa̱sut'inux̱w Ha̱xwa'mis
1810:Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations
1660:Campbell River First Nation
767:GPX (secondary coordinates)
683:Meetup Indian Reserve No. 2
274:Alalco Indian Reserve No. 8
178:Against open-net fish farms
1892:
1735:Lake Cowichan First Nation
1871:Kwakwaka'wakw governments
1845:Uchucklesaht First Nation
1645:
1489:Tsawataineuk First Nation
1449:Kwikwasutʼinuxw Haxwaʼmis
1406:
1100:Assembly of First Nations
762:GPX (primary coordinates)
737:Map all coordinates using
215:Ahta Indian Reserve No. 3
92:. Their main village is
63:Tsawataineuk First Nation
1655:Beecher Bay First Nation
745:Download coordinates as:
1800:Snuneymuxw First Nation
1775:Pauquachin First Nation
1770:Pacheedaht First Nation
1765:Nuchatlaht First Nation
1715:Huu-ay-aht First Nation
1710:Hupacasath First Nation
1685:Ehattesaht First Nation
1665:Cape Mudge First Nation
141:Traditional way of life
1740:Lyackson First Nations
1705:Hesquiaht First Nation
1670:Chemainus First Nation
710:50.79167°N 126.38611°W
659:50.73333°N 126.15000°W
608:51.01667°N 126.55000°W
557:50.70000°N 126.61667°W
506:50.80000°N 126.03333°W
477:, at the mouth of the
451:50.70000°N 126.60000°W
400:51.03333°N 126.51667°W
353:50.73333°N 126.56667°W
305:51.06667°N 126.53333°W
276:, at the mouth of the
250:50.86667°N 126.16667°W
217:, at the mouth of the
51:Queen Charlotte Strait
1850:Ucluelet First Nation
1830:Tseshaht First Nation
1820:Tsartlip First Nation
1805:Songhees First Nation
1795:Scia'new First Nation
1790:Quatsino First Nation
1785:Qualicum First Nation
1780:Penelakut Indian Band
1680:Ditidaht First Nation
1650:Ahousaht First Nation
1566:Culture & Society
1484:Kwakiutl First Nation
1459:Quatsino First Nation
859:. LexisNexis Canada.
757:GPX (all coordinates)
411:Dug-da-myse IR No. 12
82:Broughton Archipelago
1835:Tseycum First Nation
1825:Tsawout First Nation
1815:Toquaht First Nation
1760:Nanoose First Nation
1755:‘Namgis First Nation
1474:Kwiakah First Nation
1469:Tlatlasikwala Nation
1454:ʼNamgis First Nation
956:www.encyclopedia.com
885:www.encyclopedia.com
807:www.encyclopedia.com
715:50.79167; -126.38611
664:50.73333; -126.15000
613:51.01667; -126.55000
562:50.70000; -126.61667
511:50.80000; -126.03333
456:50.70000; -126.60000
405:51.03333; -126.51667
358:50.73333; -126.56667
310:51.06667; -126.53333
280:at the north end of
255:50.86667; -126.16667
59:‘Namgis First Nation
1745:Malahat Indian Band
1700:Halalt First Nation
705: /
654: /
603: /
568:Kye-yaa-la IR No. 1
552: /
501: /
462:Gwayasdums IR No. 1
446: /
395: /
348: /
300: /
245: /
161:boil water advisory
1725:Comox First Nation
619:Kyidagwis IR No. 2
1858:
1857:
1690:Esquimault Nation
1601:
1600:
1303:Tribes or Nations
1018:978-0-7748-2875-8
991:978-0-7748-0663-3
937:978-1-107-03911-7
866:978-0-433-44790-0
839:978-1-85109-818-7
730:
685:, at the head of
679:
628:
577:
526:
517:Kakweken IR No. 4
471:
420:
373:
364:Dakiulis IR No. 7
326:
270:
57:, along with the
49:, Canada, in the
16:(Redirected from
1883:
1639:Vancouver Island
1628:
1621:
1614:
1605:
1494:Tlowitsis Nation
1421:
1412:
1296:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1264:
1245:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1174:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1152:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1071:
1063:
1057:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1002:
996:
995:
975:
966:
965:
963:
962:
948:
942:
941:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
901:
895:
894:
892:
891:
877:
871:
870:
850:
844:
843:
823:
817:
816:
814:
813:
799:
793:
788:
729:
728:
726:
725:
724:
722:
717:
716:
711:
706:
703:
702:
701:
698:
690:
678:
677:
675:
674:
673:
671:
670:Kyimla IR No. 11
666:
665:
660:
655:
652:
651:
650:
647:
639:
627:
626:
624:
623:
622:
620:
615:
614:
609:
604:
601:
600:
599:
596:
588:
576:
575:
573:
572:
571:
569:
564:
563:
558:
553:
550:
549:
548:
545:
537:
525:
524:
522:
521:
520:
518:
513:
512:
507:
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
486:
470:
469:
467:
466:
465:
463:
458:
457:
452:
447:
444:
443:
442:
439:
431:
419:
418:
416:
415:
414:
412:
407:
406:
401:
396:
393:
392:
391:
388:
380:
372:
371:
369:
368:
367:
365:
360:
359:
354:
349:
346:
345:
344:
341:
333:
324:
323:
321:
320:
319:
317:
312:
311:
306:
301:
298:
297:
296:
293:
285:
269:
268:
266:
265:
264:
262:
257:
256:
251:
246:
243:
242:
241:
238:
230:
47:British Columbia
43:Vancouver Island
21:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1840:T'sou-ke Nation
1675:Cowichan Tribes
1641:
1637:governments on
1632:
1602:
1597:
1561:
1503:
1499:Gwawaenuk Tribe
1419:
1413:
1404:
1400:Laich-kwil-tach
1385:Tʼlatʼlasikwala
1298:
1294:
1291:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1215:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1046:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1004:
1003:
999:
992:
977:
976:
969:
960:
958:
950:
949:
945:
938:
923:
922:
918:
909:
907:
903:
902:
898:
889:
887:
879:
878:
874:
867:
852:
851:
847:
840:
825:
824:
820:
811:
809:
801:
800:
796:
789:
785:
780:
775:
774:
773:
772:
771:
721:Meetup IR No. 2
720:
718:
714:
712:
708:
707:
704:
699:
696:
694:
692:
691:
669:
667:
663:
661:
657:
656:
653:
648:
645:
643:
641:
640:
618:
616:
612:
610:
606:
605:
602:
597:
594:
592:
590:
589:
567:
565:
561:
559:
555:
554:
551:
546:
543:
541:
539:
538:
532:, the whole of
516:
514:
510:
508:
504:
503:
500:
495:
492:
490:
488:
487:
481:at the head of
479:Kakweiken River
461:
459:
455:
453:
449:
448:
445:
440:
437:
435:
433:
432:
410:
408:
404:
402:
398:
397:
394:
389:
386:
384:
382:
381:
363:
361:
357:
355:
351:
350:
347:
342:
339:
337:
335:
334:
316:Alalco IR No. 8
315:
313:
309:
307:
303:
302:
299:
294:
291:
289:
287:
286:
260:
258:
254:
252:
248:
247:
244:
239:
236:
234:
232:
231:
227:Tribune Channel
208:Indian reserves
205:
203:Indian reserves
193:
180:
169:
156:
143:
134:
129:
120:
111:
106:
67:Kwikwasut'inuxw
33:, formerly the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1350:Kwikwasutʼinux
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1252:External links
1250:
1247:
1246:
1235:
1224:
1213:
1202:
1191:
1180:
1169:
1158:
1147:
1136:
1125:
1111:
1086:
1072:
1058:
1044:
1024:
1017:
997:
990:
967:
943:
936:
916:
896:
872:
865:
845:
838:
818:
794:
782:
781:
779:
776:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
748:
742:
735:
734:
733:
732:
731:
680:
636:Trafford Point
629:
585:Kingcome Inlet
578:
527:
483:Thompson Sound
472:
421:
374:
327:
271:
204:
201:
200:
199:
192:
189:
185:Marine Harvest
179:
176:
168:
167:Housing crisis
165:
155:
152:
142:
139:
133:
130:
128:
125:
119:
116:
110:
107:
105:
102:
98:Gilford Island
86:Gilford Island
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1888:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1635:First Nations
1629:
1624:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:New Vancouver
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:First Nations
1416:
1411:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:ʼNakʼwaxdaʼxw
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1295:Kwakwakaʼwakw
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1045:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1011:. UBC Press.
1010:
1009:
1001:
998:
993:
987:
984:. UBC Press.
983:
982:
974:
972:
968:
957:
953:
947:
944:
939:
933:
929:
928:
920:
917:
906:
900:
897:
886:
882:
876:
873:
868:
862:
858:
857:
849:
846:
841:
835:
831:
830:
822:
819:
808:
804:
798:
795:
792:
787:
784:
777:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
747:
746:
741:
740:OpenStreetMap
738:
727:
688:
684:
681:
676:
637:
633:
630:
625:
586:
582:
579:
574:
535:
531:
528:
523:
484:
480:
476:
473:
468:
429:
425:
422:
417:
378:
375:
370:
331:
328:
322:
284:, 118.70 ha.
283:
282:Wakeman Sound
279:
278:Wakeman River
275:
272:
267:
261:Ahta IR No. 3
228:
224:
220:
216:
213:
212:
211:
209:
202:
198:
195:
194:
190:
188:
186:
177:
175:
172:
166:
164:
163:for 9 years.
162:
153:
151:
147:
140:
138:
131:
126:
124:
117:
115:
108:
103:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
78:
76:
75:Kwakwaka'wakw
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:First Nations
36:
32:
19:
1345:Dzawadaʼenux
1315:Mamalilikala
1238:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1183:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1114:
1103:. Retrieved
1099:
1089:
1075:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1047:
1036:. Retrieved
1027:
1007:
1000:
980:
959:. Retrieved
955:
946:
926:
919:
908:. Retrieved
899:
888:. Retrieved
884:
875:
855:
848:
832:. ABC-CLIO.
828:
821:
810:. Retrieved
806:
797:
786:
744:
743:
736:
428:Retreat Pass
206:
181:
173:
170:
157:
148:
144:
135:
121:
112:
90:Knight Inlet
79:
34:
30:
29:
1340:Maʼamtagila
1335:Daʼnaxdaʼxw
1330:Aʼwaʼetʼala
713: /
700:126°23′10″W
687:Viner Sound
662: /
649:126°09′00″W
611: /
598:126°33′00″W
587:, 4.50 ha.
560: /
547:126°37′00″W
534:Sail Island
509: /
496:126°02′00″W
454: /
441:126°36′00″W
430:, 25.40 ha.
403: /
390:126°31′00″W
356: /
343:126°34′00″W
308: /
295:126°32′00″W
253: /
240:126°10′00″W
94:Gwa’yasdams
1865:Categories
1522:Gwayasdums
1380:Gwatʼsinux
1355:Gwawaʼenux
1105:2023-03-10
1038:2023-03-10
961:2023-02-27
910:2023-02-27
890:2023-02-27
812:2023-02-27
778:References
719: (
697:50°47′30″N
668: (
646:50°44′00″N
617: (
595:51°01′00″N
566: (
544:50°42′00″N
515: (
493:50°48′00″N
460: (
438:50°42′00″N
409: (
387:51°02′00″N
362: (
340:50°44′00″N
314: (
292:51°04′00″N
259: (
237:50°52′00″N
223:Bond Sound
219:Ohta River
154:Challenges
104:Governance
1593:Kwakʼwala
1583:Mythology
1517:Memkumlis
1375:Gusgimukw
1360:Haxwaʼmis
1325:Ławitʼsis
109:Structure
71:Haxwa'mis
1573:Potlatch
1527:Kalugwis
1509:Villages
1370:Gwaʼsala
191:See also
132:Language
84:and the
61:and the
1395:Wiwekam
1390:Wekaʼyi
1320:ʼNamgis
1310:Kwaguʼł
127:Culture
65:. The
1557:Tsaxis
1542:Gwaʼyi
1015:
988:
934:
863:
836:
1578:Music
1552:Takus
1547:Baʼas
1537:Yalis
634:, on
37:is a
1013:ISBN
986:ISBN
932:ISBN
861:ISBN
834:ISBN
118:Laws
69:and
1588:Art
752:KML
221:on
45:in
1867::
1098:.
970:^
954:.
883:.
805:.
225:,
100:.
1627:e
1620:t
1613:v
1286:e
1279:t
1272:v
1122:.
1108:.
1083:.
1041:.
1021:.
994:.
964:.
940:.
913:.
893:.
869:.
842:.
815:.
723:)
672:)
621:)
570:)
519:)
464:)
413:)
366:)
325:,
318:)
263:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.