121:
314:
Honken & Heine (2010) reconstruct six places of click articulation for Proto-Kxʼa: the five coronal places that occur in
Central ǃKung, plus the bilabial clicks of ǂʼAmkoe. They postulate that the ancestral bilabial clicks became dental in ǃKung. However,
327:, where no other Khoisan language has a labial consonant of any kind in its words for these numerals. Sands (2014) notes that ǂʼAmkoe bilabial clicks correspond to all clicks places in ǃKung except for palatal. She postulates that these reflect
347:(from Proto-Ju *‼xoe: retroflex clicks merged with alveolars in Southern ǃKung, with laterals in Northern ǃKung, and only remained retroflex in Central ǃKung.) The lack of
2722:
273:ǂʼAmkoe had previously been lumped in with the Tuu languages, perhaps over confusion with the dialect name ǂHȍȁn, but the only thing they have in common are
335:. These became bilabial in ǂʼAmkoe, while the only traces of the labialization in ǃKung are diphthongs. An example, from Proto-Kxʼa *‼ʷ, is 'tail' in ǂHoan
824:
369:
2870:
2347:
2237:
1818:
1319:
2504:
507:
475:
202:
156:
2480:
1719:
1638:
1574:
817:
319:(2003) argues that the bilabial clicks are a secondary development in ǂʼAmkoe. He cites the ǂʼAmkoe words for 'one' and 'two',
2251:
2002:
1493:
2860:
2364:
1499:
2865:
2717:
1324:
1110:
1104:
1028:
2411:
1699:
2855:
2727:
2712:
1712:
1470:
1431:
2486:
1344:
2707:
2701:
1759:
1677:
1650:
1354:
2273:
1731:
1389:
1349:
1339:
2845:
2875:
2850:
1934:
1529:
1359:
1045:
810:
2492:
2468:
2443:
2416:
2399:
1307:
878:
749:
2685:
1409:
1364:
1334:
833:
302:'earth, ground', which is shared by the two branches of the family, though also by neighboring languages such as
2164:
1996:
1051:
867:
524:
231:, they are one of three language families indigenous to southern Africa, which are typologically similar due to
2732:
2539:
2176:
1058:
469:
729:
452:
1737:
1662:
1065:
1015:
657:
2751:
2599:
2394:
2389:
2170:
2123:
1753:
1670:
1329:
1313:
1121:
1022:
885:
861:
400:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
324:
320:
1087:
676:
661:
244:
216:
95:
2797:
2695:
2384:
2187:
1977:
1966:
1928:
1535:
1509:
1414:
1404:
1003:
854:
703:
500:
2498:
2223:
2772:
2657:
2529:
2337:
2310:
2293:
2261:
2159:
1873:
1798:
1725:
1504:
1481:
1453:
1384:
1295:
1076:
2549:
2453:
2353:
2342:
2304:
2283:
2181:
2140:
1915:
1897:
1891:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1765:
1748:
1487:
1153:
1140:
1034:
984:
841:
754:
120:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2405:
2374:
2369:
2322:
2316:
2267:
2212:
2135:
2019:
1983:
1944:
1886:
1693:
1688:
1399:
1158:
1127:
1093:
1081:
1040:
915:
2560:
2523:
764:
734:
634:
2565:
2554:
2534:
2474:
2379:
2359:
2298:
2278:
1989:
1950:
1921:
1909:
1846:
1792:
1770:
1743:
1683:
1656:
1475:
1436:
1426:
1394:
1267:
1193:
1175:
1169:
1071:
989:
903:
563:
558:
546:
516:
433:
316:
274:
248:
89:
76:
351:
is not surprising, given the relative rarity of labiovelarized palatals crosslinguistically.
2782:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2581:
2575:
2570:
2544:
2437:
2332:
2256:
2194:
2146:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2042:
2026:
1961:
1956:
1939:
1880:
1774:
1706:
1617:
1584:
1562:
1552:
1448:
1420:
1369:
1290:
1274:
1260:
1242:
1235:
1221:
1181:
1163:
1147:
1133:
955:
938:
786:
778:
759:
739:
652:
493:
392:
384:
170:
139:
2777:
2652:
2637:
2606:
2327:
2288:
2153:
2099:
1971:
1833:
1599:
1594:
1459:
1374:
1255:
1248:
1228:
1210:
1115:
1098:
897:
642:
609:
212:
71:
65:
551:
2787:
2647:
2616:
2587:
2218:
2104:
2087:
2037:
2032:
1903:
1840:
1610:
1604:
1524:
1519:
1465:
1442:
1187:
1009:
966:
949:
943:
921:
909:
791:
744:
646:
604:
588:
533:
303:
293:
278:
254:
228:
220:
111:
2839:
2671:
2611:
2593:
2109:
2093:
2047:
1804:
1624:
1589:
1579:
1557:
1514:
1379:
960:
892:
724:
688:
583:
578:
568:
541:
328:
224:
223:
dialect cluster, a relationship that had been suspected for a decade. Along with the
461:
1568:
708:
17:
462:
Sound Change in
Interacting Human Systems 3rd Biennial Workshop on Sound Change
1215:
232:
437:
418:
802:
105:
573:
298:
58:
396:
54:
2792:
2690:
288:
for the family as a replacement for the rather inaccessible compound
50:
485:
419:"A lexicostatistical approach towards reconstructing Proto-Khoisan"
388:
2811:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
806:
489:
179:
148:
188:
176:
191:
203:
194:
173:
157:
145:
2765:
2742:
2670:
2514:
2236:
2204:
2122:
2011:
1817:
1784:
1637:
1545:
1289:
1203:
980:
931:
840:
777:
717:
696:
687:
671:
633:
624:
597:
532:
523:
185:
182:
142:
104:
83:
64:
44:
34:
454:Adoption, maintenance and loss of click contrasts
818:
501:
8:
2821:Families with more than 30 languages are in
2678:
2244:
2128:
1825:
1643:
1300:
995:
846:
825:
811:
803:
693:
630:
529:
508:
494:
486:
370:"The Kxʼa Family: A New Khoisan Genealogy"
284:Honken & Heine (2010) coined the term
360:
467:
297:
31:
464:. University of California, Berkeley.
82:
7:
377:Journal of Asian and African Studies
368:Honken, Henry; Heine, Bernd (2010).
25:
215:established in 2010 linking the
169:
138:
119:
2871:Endangered languages of Africa
1:
474:: CS1 maint: date and year (
451:Sands, Bonny (30 May 2014).
70:One of the world's primary
2892:
417:Starostin, George (2003).
296:language), after the word
292:(easily confused with the
219:(ǂHoan) language with the
2806:
2681:
2247:
2131:
1828:
1646:
1303:
998:
849:
834:Primary language families
658:Juǀʼhoan / Southern ǃKung
163:) languages, also called
118:
79:is a term of convenience)
66:Linguistic classification
39:
1651:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
125:Kx'a Languages in Orange
2818:have no living members.
643:Sekele / Northern ǃKung
277:features such as their
2798:Unclassified languages
2752:list of sign languages
1720:Northeastern Tasmanian
331:clicks in Proto-Kxʼa:
2861:Languages of Botswana
2773:Constructed languages
2866:Languages of Namibia
1320:Binanderean–Goilalan
269:; a dialect cluster)
2856:Languages of Angola
2602:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
2505:Tequiraca–Canichana
2348:Harákmbut–Katukinan
1111:Northwest Caucasian
1105:Northeast Caucasian
1029:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
406:on 2 November 2018.
18:Kx'a languages
2224:Tarascan/Purépecha
1713:Northern Tasmanian
1471:South Bougainville
1432:North Bougainville
2876:Khoisan languages
2851:Language families
2833:
2832:
2783:Language isolates
2761:
2760:
2666:
2665:
2232:
2231:
2118:
2117:
1813:
1812:
1760:Western Tasmanian
1678:Eastern Tasmanian
1633:
1632:
1355:East Geelvink Bay
1285:
1284:
976:
975:
800:
799:
773:
772:
683:
682:
620:
619:
517:Khoisan languages
130:
129:
72:language families
16:(Redirected from
2883:
2679:
2633:Huaorani/Waorani
2517:(extant in 2000)
2481:Esmeralda–Yaruro
2252:Andoque–Urequena
2245:
2129:
1935:Plateau Penutian
1826:
1801:(Northern Daly?)
1644:
1530:Northwest Papuan
1494:Trans–New Guinea
1360:East New Britain
1335:Central Solomons
1301:
1046:Great Andamanese
996:
847:
827:
820:
813:
804:
694:
631:
530:
510:
503:
496:
487:
480:
479:
473:
465:
459:
448:
442:
441:
423:
414:
408:
407:
405:
399:. Archived from
374:
365:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
326:
322:
301:
267:Northern Khoisan
207:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
160:
155:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
123:
114:
32:
21:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2828:
2802:
2788:Mixed languages
2757:
2738:
2673:
2662:
2516:
2510:
2365:Katembri–Taruma
2239:
2228:
2200:
2114:
2007:
1820:
1809:
1780:
1629:
1541:
1500:Turama–Kikorian
1410:Lower Mamberamo
1365:East Strickland
1293:
1281:
1199:
987:
982:
972:
927:
836:
831:
801:
796:
769:
713:
679:
677:ǂʼAmkoe (ǂHoan)
667:
616:
593:
519:
514:
484:
483:
470:cite conference
466:
457:
450:
449:
445:
421:
416:
415:
411:
403:
383:. Tokyo: 5–36.
372:
367:
366:
362:
357:
312:
279:bilabial clicks
241:
213:language family
205:
172:
168:
158:
141:
137:
126:
110:
74:
46:
28:
27:Language family
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2889:
2887:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Kx'a languages
2838:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2713:Indo-Pakistani
2710:
2705:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2596:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2412:Piaroa–Saliban
2409:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2177:Tequistlatecan
2174:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1735:
1728:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1704:
1700:Marrku–Wurrugu
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1062:
1059:Hurro-Urartian
1055:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1007:
999:
993:
978:
977:
974:
973:
971:
970:
964:
958:
953:
946:
941:
935:
933:
929:
928:
926:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
890:
882:
875:
870:
865:
858:
850:
844:
838:
837:
832:
830:
829:
822:
815:
807:
798:
797:
795:
794:
789:
783:
781:
775:
774:
771:
770:
768:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
721:
719:
715:
714:
712:
711:
706:
700:
698:
691:
685:
684:
681:
680:
675:
673:
669:
668:
666:
665:
655:
650:
639:
637:
628:
622:
621:
618:
617:
615:
614:
613:
612:
601:
599:
595:
594:
592:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
555:
554:
544:
538:
536:
527:
521:
520:
515:
513:
512:
505:
498:
490:
482:
481:
443:
409:
389:10.15026/57434
359:
358:
356:
353:
311:
310:Reconstruction
308:
299:[kxʼà]
271:
270:
252:
240:
237:
229:Khoe languages
128:
127:
124:
116:
115:
108:
102:
101:
100:
99:
93:
85:
81:
80:
68:
62:
61:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2888:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Original Thai
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2487:Hibito–Cholón
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
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2235:
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2222:
2220:
2217:
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2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
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2155:
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2149:
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2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
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2079:
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2076:
2072:
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2065:
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2058:
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2055:
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2049:
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2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2003:Yuman–Cochimí
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
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1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
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1936:
1933:
1931:
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1926:
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1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
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1816:
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1797:
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1787:
1783:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1738:Southern Daly
1736:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1708:
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1701:
1697:
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1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1675:
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1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1663:Darwin Region
1660:
1658:
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1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1623:
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1508:
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1501:
1498:
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1378:
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1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:Demta–Sentani
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:
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1080:
1078:
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1067:
1066:Indo-European
1063:
1061:
1060:
1056:
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1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1032:
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1024:
1020:
1018:
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1016:Austroasiatic
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
986:
979:
968:
965:
962:
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905:
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891:
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869:
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864:
863:
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857:
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851:
848:
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843:
839:
835:
828:
823:
821:
816:
814:
809:
808:
805:
793:
790:
788:
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782:
780:
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766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
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748:
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743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
720:
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710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
699:
695:
692:
690:
686:
678:
674:
670:
663:
659:
656:
654:
653:Central ǃKung
651:
648:
644:
641:
640:
638:
636:
632:
629:
627:
623:
611:
608:
607:
606:
603:
602:
600:
596:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
574:Korana/Griqua
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
553:
550:
549:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
537:
535:
531:
528:
526:
522:
518:
511:
506:
504:
499:
497:
492:
491:
488:
477:
471:
463:
456:
455:
447:
444:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Mother Tongue
420:
413:
410:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
371:
364:
361:
354:
352:
330:
318:
309:
307:
305:
300:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
242:
238:
236:
234:
230:
226:
225:Tuu languages
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:
199:
166:
162:
161:
153:
135:
122:
117:
113:
109:
107:
103:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
86:
78:
73:
69:
67:
63:
60:
56:
52:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2822:
2815:
2814:Families in
2749:
2700:
2598:
2586:
2436:
2404:
2395:Pano-Tacanan
2352:
2315:
2303:
2274:Arutani–Sape
2266:
2211:
2193:
2186:
2171:Oto-Manguean
2169:
2152:
2145:
2092:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2025:
2018:
1995:
1988:
1976:
1949:
1927:
1920:
1908:
1896:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1839:
1832:
1791:
1758:
1754:Western Daly
1732:Pama–Nyungan
1730:
1718:
1711:
1698:
1676:
1671:Eastern Daly
1669:
1661:
1616:
1492:
1480:
1458:
1441:
1419:
1390:Kaure–Kosare
1350:Doso–Turumsa
1340:Chimbu–Wahgi
1330:Bulaka River
1314:Austronesian
1312:
1273:
1266:
1247:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1122:Sino-Tibetan
1120:
1103:
1086:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1033:
1023:Austronesian
1021:
1014:
1002:
948:
886:Nilo-Saharan
884:
877:
872:
862:Austronesian
860:
853:
704:Lower Nossob
625:
453:
446:
429:
425:
412:
401:the original
380:
376:
363:
333:*ǀʷ*ǃʷ*‼ʷ*ǁʷ
313:
289:
285:
283:
272:
266:
262:
258:
164:
133:
131:
84:Subdivisions
47:distribution
29:
2708:Germanosign
2612:Mura-Pirahã
2493:Lule–Vilela
2469:Bora-Witoto
2444:Uru–Chipaya
2417:Ticuna–Yuri
2400:Peba–Yaguan
2385:Nambikwaran
2188:Uto-Aztecan
2124:Mesoamerica
1978:Uto-Aztecan
1967:Tsimshianic
1929:Palaihnihan
1799:Malak-Malak
1536:Papuan Gulf
1510:West Papuan
1415:Lower Sepik
1405:Lakes Plain
1308:Arai–Samaia
1296:the Pacific
1004:Afroasiatic
879:Niger–Congo
855:Afroasiatic
740:Nǁng (Nǀuu)
709:Taa (ǃXoon)
397:10108/57434
339:, Juǀʼhoan
275:typological
221:ǃKung (Juu)
2840:Categories
2702:Francosign
2550:Chiquitano
2530:Alacalufan
2338:Guaicuruan
2311:Chapacuran
2294:Cahuapanan
2262:Araucanian
2165:Mixe–Zoque
2160:Misumalpan
1874:Comecrudan
1726:Nyulnyulan
1505:Upper Yuat
1482:Torricelli
1454:Senu River
1385:Foja Range
1291:New Guinea
1216:Burushaski
1077:Kartvelian
1052:Hmong–Mien
868:Khoe–Kwadi
725:Boshof ǃUi
662:ǂKxʼaoǁʼae
525:Khoe–Kwadi
355:References
343:and Ekoka
329:labialized
45:Geographic
2733:Tanzanian
2674:languages
2571:Hodï/Joti
2515:Isolates
2454:Yanomaman
2390:Otomákoan
2354:Jirajaran
2343:Guajiboan
2305:Catacaoan
2284:Barbacoan
2213:Cuitlatec
2182:Totonacan
2141:Jicaquean
2020:Chimariko
1916:Muskogean
1898:Kalapuyan
1892:Iroquoian
1867:Chumashan
1860:Chinookan
1853:Chimakuan
1771:Yangmanic
1766:Worrorran
1749:Wagaydyic
1639:Australia
1488:Trans-Fly
1154:Yeniseian
1141:Tyrsenian
1035:Dravidian
438:1087-0326
317:Starostin
265:formerly
239:Languages
235:effects.
106:Glottolog
2766:See also
2743:Isolates
2718:Japanese
2658:Yuracaré
2540:Candoshi
2499:Macro-Jê
2464:Zaparoan
2459:Zamucoan
2449:Witotoan
2432:Tucanoan
2427:Tiniguan
2422:Timotean
2406:Quechuan
2375:Matacoan
2370:Mascoian
2360:Jivaroan
2323:Chibchan
2317:Charruan
2268:Arawakan
2205:Isolates
2136:Chibchan
2012:Isolates
1984:Wakashan
1945:Salishan
1887:Eskaleut
1793:Giimbiyu
1785:Isolates
1694:Jarrakan
1689:Iwaidjan
1546:Isolates
1400:Kutubuan
1268:Sumerian
1204:Isolates
1159:Yukaghir
1128:Tungusic
1094:Mongolic
1082:Koreanic
1041:Eskaleut
932:Isolates
916:Ubangian
779:Isolates
564:Khoekhoe
294:Juǀʼhoan
290:Ju–ǂHoan
249:moribund
211:), is a
165:Ju–ǂHoan
112:kxaa1236
59:Botswana
40:Ju–ǂHoan
2816:italics
2793:Pidgins
2778:Creoles
2728:Swedish
2696:Chinese
2643:Urarina
2628:Puinave
2582:Itonama
2576:Irantxe
2545:Chimane
2475:Chimuan
2380:Nadahup
2299:Cariban
2279:Aymaran
2240:America
2082:Waikuri
2075:Tonkawa
2068:Timucua
2061:Takelma
2054:Siuslaw
2043:Kutenai
2027:Esselen
1990:Wintuan
1951:Shastan
1922:Na-Dene
1910:Maiduan
1847:Caddoan
1821:America
1775:Wagiman
1773:(incl.
1744:Tangkic
1684:Garawan
1657:Bunuban
1618:Tambora
1585:Maybrat
1553:Abinomn
1476:Teberan
1437:Pauwasi
1427:Mairasi
1395:Kiwaian
1275:Tambora
1261:Shompen
1243:Kusunda
1236:Kenaboi
1222:Elamite
1194:Siangic
1176:Kho-Bwa
1170:Hrusish
1088:Kra–Dai
1072:Japonic
981:Eurasia
956:Sandawe
939:Bangime
904:Songhay
787:Sandawe
755:ǂUngkue
672:ǂʼAmkoe
610:Zorotua
245:ǂʼAmkoe
217:ǂʼAmkoe
98:(ǂHoan)
96:ǂʼAmkoe
77:Khoisan
55:Namibia
2691:BANZSL
2653:Yamana
2638:Trumai
2607:Movima
2561:Fulniô
2524:Aikanã
2438:Tupian
2333:Chonan
2257:Arauan
2195:Xincan
2147:Lencan
2100:Yokuts
1997:Yukian
1962:Tanoan
1957:Siouan
1940:Pomoan
1881:Coosan
1707:Mirndi
1600:Porome
1595:Pawaia
1449:Senagi
1421:Madang
1370:Eleman
1325:Border
1256:Nihali
1249:Minoan
1229:Hattic
1211:Basque
1182:Mijiic
1164:Digaro
1148:Uralic
1134:Turkic
985:Europe
842:Africa
765:ǁXegwi
730:ǃGãǃne
436:
432:: 22.
345:/ǁxóe/
341:/ǃxúi/
337:/ʘχúì/
321:/ŋ͡ʘũ/
257:(also
57:, and
51:Angola
2648:Warao
2617:Nukak
2588:Kunza
2566:Guató
2555:Cofán
2535:Camsá
2328:Choco
2289:Boran
2238:South
2219:Huave
2154:Mayan
2105:Yuchi
2088:Washo
2038:Karuk
2033:Haida
1972:Utian
1904:Keres
1841:Alsea
1834:Algic
1819:North
1611:Taiap
1605:Sulka
1460:Sepik
1375:Engan
1116:Ongan
1099:Nivkh
967:Shabo
950:Jalaa
944:Hadza
898:Mande
792:Hadza
750:ǁŨǁʼe
745:Seroa
647:Ekoka
635:ǃKung
605:Kwadi
598:Kwadi
589:Tshwa
559:ǂHaba
547:Gǁana
458:(PDF)
422:(PDF)
404:(PDF)
373:(PDF)
325:/ʘoa/
304:Kwadi
255:ǃKung
233:areal
92:(Juu)
90:ǃKung
2823:bold
2750:See
2686:Arab
2672:Sign
2623:Páez
2600:Maku
2594:Leco
2110:Zuni
2094:Yana
2048:Seri
1805:Tiwi
1625:Wiru
1590:Mpur
1580:Kuot
1563:Anêm
1558:Abun
1525:Yuat
1520:Yawa
1466:Skou
1443:Ramu
1294:and
1188:Miju
1010:Ainu
990:Asia
988:and
961:Laal
922:Kadu
910:Ijaw
873:Kx'a
760:ǀXam
718:ǃKwi
626:Kxʼa
584:Shua
579:Naro
569:Khwe
552:Gǀwi
542:Eini
534:Khoe
476:link
434:ISSN
430:VIII
349:**ǂʷ
323:and
286:Kxʼa
259:ǃXun
227:and
204:joo-
134:Kxʼa
132:The
35:Kxʼa
1575:Kol
1569:Ata
1515:Yam
1380:Fas
893:Tuu
735:ǁKā
697:Taa
689:Tuu
393:hdl
385:doi
281:.
263:Ju,
261:or
208:-an
206:HOH
159:KAH
2842::
1777:)?
472:}}
468:{{
460:.
428:.
424:.
391:.
381:79
379:.
375:.
306:.
189:oʊ
180:uː
177:dʒ
149:ɑː
53:,
2825:.
2735:?
2619:?
2578:?
2557:?
2526:?
2507:?
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2471:?
1740:?
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1565:?
1538:?
1532:?
1277:?
1263:?
1251:?
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1196:?
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906:?
900:?
889:?
826:e
819:t
812:v
664:)
660:(
649:)
645:(
509:e
502:t
495:v
478:)
440:.
395::
387::
251:)
247:(
198:/
195:n
192:æ
186:h
183:ˈ
174:ˌ
171:/
167:(
152:/
146:k
143:ˈ
140:/
136:(
75:(
20:)
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