472:
66:
136:
590:) promoted by the Pan-Asian Movement. The pidgin language resulted from the need of Japanese officials and soldiers and the Han and Manchu population that spoke mainly Chinese to communicate with each other. Manchukuo officials later dubbed the pidgin language "Kyowa-go" or "Xieheyu", meaning "Concord language". However, the Japanese also wanted to implement their own language in Manchukuo, saying that
25:
180:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
190:
166:
2924:
95:
2775:
1606:
2971:
3006:
1718:
3031:
3016:
2770:
471:
200:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
3036:
208:
2397:
1582:
1627:
2392:
1681:
1876:
1637:
256:
117:
52:
2277:
2983:
2702:
3041:
2656:
2651:
2177:
1711:
2825:
286:
1883:
221:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Chinese Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
2666:
2382:
300:
2797:
2636:
2195:
1211:
78:
3021:
2530:
2510:
2314:
2267:
88:
82:
74:
3011:
2646:
2520:
1704:
2931:
2909:
2697:
38:
99:
2966:
2904:
2894:
2858:
2756:
2707:
2631:
2606:
2215:
653:
636:
442:
216:
2272:
237:
652:
The
Japanese were also known to use pidgin languages in Japan itself during the 19th and 20th centuries like
2350:
185:
2367:
2848:
2737:
2210:
1756:
1746:
2899:
2722:
2626:
2500:
2302:
2237:
1751:
2948:
2830:
2802:
2717:
2297:
2242:
620:(e.g. aru) are derived from Japanese-based Kyowa-go. Hence, it is typical of Chinese characters in
2919:
3026:
2978:
2840:
2727:
2661:
2551:
2546:
2259:
2001:
1600:
768:
2807:
2247:
2083:
2032:
1616:"Predicate type observed in the literature and the inconsistency with the history of Japanese"
2742:
2712:
2515:
2334:
2319:
2292:
2287:
2225:
2163:
2138:
2073:
1991:
1947:
1790:
1785:
1775:
1766:
1727:
1633:
1588:
1578:
712:
591:
519:
212:
2936:
2914:
2692:
2488:
2329:
2131:
2121:
2116:
2104:
2052:
1996:
1957:
1893:
1849:
1834:
1673:
1159:
1134:
772:
687:
523:
505:
323:
2457:
2961:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2324:
2097:
2008:
1908:
1869:
1864:
1825:
1805:
1554:
1549:
1151:
704:
645:) are derived from Mandarin-based Xieheyu. Hence, it is typical of Japanese characters in
628:
2090:
1677:
1659:
1643:
2956:
2307:
2282:
2205:
2185:
2158:
2109:
2061:
2025:
1979:
1923:
1918:
1898:
1559:
613:
148:
3000:
2747:
2493:
2472:
2190:
2042:
1986:
1854:
1844:
1820:
1810:
1800:
230:
44:
2732:
2561:
2126:
2020:
1964:
1933:
1928:
1741:
1660:"The Recognition of Harmony Language under the Perspective of Colonialism Culture"
606:
330:
2787:
2015:
393:
2816:
2782:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2462:
1615:
1592:
2596:
2525:
2505:
2447:
1614:
Hachiya, Masato; Kinsui, Satoshi; Okajima, Akihiro; Okazaki, Tomoko (2004).
1196:
1177:
1127:
749:
730:
680:
598:
578:
527:
413:
2467:
2452:
594:
is a language which has a soul, so the language must be spoken correctly.
2876:
2761:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2359:
602:
373:
353:
2853:
2792:
2409:
518:'Harmony language') is either of two pidginized languages, one
219:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2871:
2404:
2372:
1163:
716:
646:
632:
1696:
1214:, the normal Japanese word order, which is different from Mandarin.
1536:
Gāoqiáo tàitai, kànjiàn nàzhī zhū le mā? yǐjīng pǎodaò nàbiān qùla.
2866:
2414:
2377:
621:
617:
470:
2424:
177:
1700:
129:
59:
18:
1435:
Gāoqiáo okusan, zhūde kànjiàn méiyǒu? nàbiānde pǎolede yǒu.
1413:
189:
to this template: there are already 290 articles in the
1539:
Mrs. Takahashi, did you see that pig? It ran that way.
609:. Documentation of the pidgin language is rare today.
447:
627:
It was also believed that many of the expressions of
612:
It was also believed that many of the expressions of
335:
173:
169:
a machine-translated version of the
Chinese article.
2947:
2887:
2839:
2681:
2539:
2481:
2423:
2358:
2349:
2258:
2224:
2176:
2149:
2072:
1946:
1774:
1765:
1734:
1194:
1175:
1170:
1148:
1133:
1123:
1113:
747:
728:
723:
701:
686:
676:
666:
441:
436:
412:
392:
372:
352:
347:
329:
322:
317:
299:
285:
280:
271:
498:, "Commonwealth language" or "Concordia language")
530:in the 1930s and 1940s. They are also known as
87:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
1053:
956:
836:
493:
1423:
1048:
951:
831:
577:The term Kyowa-go/Xieheyu is derived from the
562:
549:
536:
487:
418:
398:
378:
358:
215:accompanying your translation by providing an
160:Click for important translation instructions.
147:expand this article with text translated from
1712:
1336:If you help me, I'll give you a lot of money.
640:
582:
305:
291:
8:
513:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
16:Set of pidgin languages spoken in Manchukuo
2355:
2230:
1771:
1719:
1705:
1697:
1605:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1110:
663:
433:
314:
922:
910:
868:
856:
257:Learn how and when to remove this message
118:Learn how and when to remove this message
1422:, is a phonetic translation of Japanese
763:Kyowa-go is characterized by a particle
581:state motto "Concord of Nationalities" (
475:1937 newspaper advertisement featuring
1632:(2nd ed.). Charles E. Tuttle Co.
1598:
268:
194:
1096:Exclamation of surprise from Chinese.
7:
1678:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6201.2013.02.001
1658:Gong, Xue; Shang, Xia (2013-08-06).
1272:nǐde bāngwǒ, wǒde qiánde dàdàde gěi.
961:meaning "Your daughter is beautiful"
1058:meaning "There is no chair for you"
660:Examples of Japanese-based Kyowa-go
3007:Japanese-based pidgins and creoles
1107:Examples of Mandarin-based Xieheyu
14:
3032:Languages attested from the 1930s
3017:Chinese-based pidgins and creoles
1629:Exercises in the Yokohama Dialect
34:This article has multiple issues.
1533:高橋 太太， 看見 那隻 豬 了 嗎？ 已經 跑到 那邊 去啦。
1333:nǐ bāngwǒ, wǒ gěinǐ hěnduō qián.
134:
64:
23:
1684:from the original on 2013-11-14
1414:
1055:Anata ga suwaru isu wa arimasen
649:shows to speak in that manner.
624:shows to speak in that manner.
597:Kyowa-go/Xieheyu died out when
567:, "Greater East Asia language")
42:or discuss these issues on the
3037:Languages extinct in the 1940s
1034:Anata suwaru no isu nai aru yo
937:{Kūnyan (gūnyan)} kirei aru ne
641:
583:
541:, "Asia development language")
448:
336:
306:
292:
225:You may also add the template
1:
1139:
692:
554:, "Japanese-Manchu language")
272:Harmony language in Manchukuo
2863:Kanji pronunciation sources
2637:Katakana Phonetic Extensions
1432:高橋 歐庫桑， 豬的 看見 沒有？ 那邊的 跑了的 有。
526:-based, that were spoken in
2972:Speculative fiction writers
2531:Transcription into Japanese
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1428:, which means "one's wife")
1325:
1317:
1309:
1301:
1293:
1285:
1054:
957:
837:
771:, and many loan-words from
494:
238:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
197:will aid in categorization.
3058:
1890:Nagano-Yamanashi-Shizuoka
1575:コレモニホンゴアルカ: イジンノコトバガウマレルトキ
1442:Original Mandarin Chinese:
1279:Original Mandarin Chinese:
841:meaning "I am a Japanese".
172:Machine translation, like
2233:
1573:Kinsui, Satoshi (2014).
1424:
1118:
1049:
952:
838:Watashi wa nipponjin desu
832:
671:
563:
550:
537:
509:
488:
465:
432:
419:
399:
379:
359:
313:
276:
149:the corresponding article
2757:Sino-Japanese vocabulary
2216:Yokohama Pidgin Japanese
1669:
1661:
1617:
1574:
817:Watashi nipponjin aru yo
654:Yokohama Pidgin Japanese
637:Second Sino-Japanese War
287:Traditional Chinese
73:This article includes a
2703:Godan and ichidan verbs
2521:Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
1672:(in Chinese) (2): 3–9.
1618:文献に現れた述語形式と国語史の不整合性について
1210:Xieheyu sometimes uses
958:Ojōsan wa kirei desu ne
301:Simplified Chinese
236:For more guidance, see
102:more precise citations.
3042:Languages in Manchukuo
1667:Japanese Studies Forum
1577:(in Japanese). Tokyo.
1525:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
479:
2808:Court lady language (
2278:Southern Amami Ōshima
2211:Yilan Creole Japanese
1626:Homoco, ed. (1953) .
474:
227:{{Translated|zh|協和語}}
209:copyright attribution
2627:Small Kana Extension
2238:Eastern Old Japanese
1877:Northern Izu Islands
605:in the last days of
2178:Pidgins and creoles
1269:你的 幫我， 我的 錢的 大大的 給。
1212:subject–object–verb
1047:Original Japanese:
950:Original Japanese:
830:Original Japanese:
767:, omission of some
601:fell to the Soviet
3022:Languages of China
2979:Classical Japanese
2826:Gender differences
2662:Extended shinjitai
1031:貴方 座る の 椅子 ない アル ヨ
480:
217:interlanguage link
75:list of references
3012:Japanese language
2994:
2993:
2698:Verb conjugations
2677:
2676:
2345:
2344:
2226:Japonic languages
2172:
2171:
2164:Okinawan Japanese
1728:Japanese language
1584:978-4-00-028630-5
1208:
1207:
761:
760:
516:
469:
468:
461:
460:
343:
342:
324:Standard Mandarin
267:
266:
259:
249:
248:
161:
157:
128:
127:
120:
57:
3049:
2937:Polivanov system
2798:Honorific speech
2693:Japanese grammar
2356:
2231:
1772:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1642:. Archived from
1622:
1610:
1604:
1596:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1416:
1330:你 幫我， 我 給你 很多 錢。
1189:
1180:
1154:
1144:
1141:
1111:
1057:
1052:
1051:
960:
955:
954:
933:
921:
879:
867:
840:
835:
834:
742:
733:
707:
697:
694:
664:
644:
643:
586:
585:
568:
566:
565:
555:
553:
552:
542:
540:
539:
517:
514:
511:
499:
497:
491:
490:
457:
456:
434:
428:
427:
408:
407:
388:
387:
368:
367:
339:
338:
315:
309:
308:
295:
294:
269:
262:
255:
228:
222:
196:
195:|topic=
193:, and specifying
178:Google Translate
159:
155:
138:
137:
130:
123:
116:
112:
109:
103:
98:this article by
89:inline citations
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3046:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2943:
2888:Transliteration
2883:
2859:Sound symbolism
2835:
2817:Role language (
2776:from Portuguese
2708:Irregular verbs
2686:
2684:
2673:
2622:Kana Supplement
2617:Kana Extended-B
2612:Kana Extended-A
2535:
2511:Historical kana
2477:
2419:
2398:by stroke count
2389:Kanji radicals
2383:by stroke count
2341:
2254:
2220:
2196:Hawaiian Creole
2168:
2145:
2068:
1942:
1761:
1730:
1725:
1695:
1687:
1685:
1671:
1663:
1662:殖民文化视角下的"协和语"认识
1657:
1649:
1647:
1640:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1597:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1555:Empire of Japan
1550:Creole language
1546:
1541:
1531:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1374:
1366:
1358:
1350:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1259:
1251:
1243:
1235:
1227:
1219:
1187:
1176:
1166:
1155:
1152:Language family
1150:
1142:
1109:
1087:
1078:
1070:
1038:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1005:
997:
989:
981:
973:
941:
908:
900:
892:
884:
882:Kūnyan (gūnyan)
853:
821:
812:
804:
796:
788:
780:
740:
729:
719:
708:
705:Language family
703:
695:
662:
575:
560:
547:
534:
522:-based and one
485:
454:
452:
450:
425:
423:
421:
405:
403:
401:
385:
383:
381:
365:
363:
361:
263:
252:
251:
250:
245:
244:
243:
226:
220:
162:
156:(November 2019)
139:
135:
124:
113:
107:
104:
93:
79:related reading
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3055:
3053:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2814:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2759:
2754:
2748:Native words (
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2351:Writing system
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2206:Pseudo-Chinese
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2186:Bamboo English
2182:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2159:Amami Japanese
2155:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2080:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1701:
1694:
1693:
1655:
1638:
1623:
1621:(in Japanese).
1611:
1583:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1560:Pseudo-Chinese
1557:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1460:
1452:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1407:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1359:
1351:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1321:
1313:
1305:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1171:Language codes
1168:
1167:
1158:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1022:
1014:
1006:
998:
990:
982:
974:
971:
970:
969:
968:
967:
966:
965:
964:
963:
962:
932:
929:
926:
920:
917:
914:
901:
893:
885:
878:
875:
872:
866:
863:
860:
854:
851:
850:
849:
848:
847:
846:
845:
844:
843:
842:
805:
797:
789:
781:
778:
777:
759:
758:
753:
745:
744:
734:
726:
725:
724:Language codes
721:
720:
711:
709:
702:
699:
698:
690:
684:
683:
678:
674:
673:
669:
668:
661:
658:
631:characters in
616:characters in
574:
571:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
445:
439:
438:
437:Transcriptions
430:
429:
416:
410:
409:
396:
390:
389:
376:
370:
369:
356:
350:
349:
345:
344:
341:
340:
333:
327:
326:
320:
319:
318:Transcriptions
311:
310:
303:
297:
296:
289:
283:
282:
278:
277:
274:
273:
265:
264:
247:
246:
242:
241:
234:
223:
201:
198:
186:adding a topic
181:
170:
163:
144:
143:
142:
140:
133:
126:
125:
83:external links
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3054:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:Cyrillization
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:Wāpuro rōmaji
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2750:yamato kotoba
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2738:Counter words
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2473:Kana ligature
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2368:Script reform
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:Bonin English
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:Earlier forms
1733:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1664:
1656:
1646:on 2012-02-05
1645:
1641:
1639:9781178301533
1635:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1418:, pronounced
1410:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1316:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1215:
1213:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1056:
1050:貴方が座る椅子はありません
1046:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1001:
996:
993:
988:
985:
980:
977:
959:
949:
948:
947:
946:
945:
944:
943:
942:
940:
938:
935:
930:
927:
924:
918:
915:
912:
907:
904:
899:
896:
891:
888:
883:
880:
876:
873:
870:
864:
861:
858:
839:
829:
828:
827:
826:
825:
824:
823:
822:
820:
818:
815:
811:
808:
803:
800:
795:
792:
787:
784:
776:
774:
770:
766:
757:
754:
752:
751:
746:
738:
735:
732:
727:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
700:
691:
689:
685:
682:
679:
675:
670:
665:
659:
657:
655:
650:
648:
638:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
580:
572:
570:
559:
546:
533:
529:
525:
521:
507:
503:
496:
484:
478:
473:
464:
446:
444:
440:
435:
431:
417:
415:
411:
397:
395:
391:
377:
375:
371:
357:
355:
351:
348:Japanese name
346:
334:
332:
328:
325:
321:
316:
312:
304:
302:
298:
290:
288:
284:
279:
275:
270:
261:
258:
239:
235:
232:
224:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
199:
192:
191:main category
188:
187:
182:
179:
175:
171:
168:
165:
164:
158:
152:
150:
145:You can help
141:
132:
131:
122:
119:
111:
101:
97:
91:
90:
84:
80:
76:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2925:In Esperanto
2895:Romanization
2849:Pitch accent
2831:Dictionaries
2818:
2810:nyōbō kotoba
2809:
2763:
2762:Loan words (
2749:
2733:Topic marker
2647:ARIB STD B24
2393:by frequency
2273:Amami Ōshima
2200:
2150:
2139:
2098:
2084:
2074:
2062:
2049:East San'in
2033:
2009:
1980:
1958:
1948:
1884:
1835:
1791:
1776:
1757:Early Modern
1747:Early Middle
1686:. Retrieved
1666:
1648:. Retrieved
1644:the original
1628:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1419:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1395:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1344:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1183:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1002:
999:
994:
991:
986:
983:
978:
975:
939:
936:
909:
905:
902:
897:
894:
889:
886:
881:
855:
819:
816:
813:
809:
806:
801:
798:
793:
790:
785:
782:
764:
762:
755:
748:
736:
651:
626:
611:
607:World War II
596:
587:
576:
557:
544:
531:
501:
482:
481:
476:
443:Romanization
331:Hanyu Pinyin
281:Chinese name
253:
213:edit summary
204:
184:
154:
146:
114:
108:January 2024
105:
94:Please help
86:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2905:Nihon-shiki
2788:Wasei-kango
2723:Possessives
2683:Grammar and
2516:Modern kana
2501:Punctuation
2482:Orthography
2303:Tokunoshima
1915:Gifu-Aichi
1885:Tōkai–Tōsan
1752:Late Middle
1143: 1945
696: 1945
642:悄悄地進村，打槍的不要
635:set in the
588:mínzú xiéhe
573:Description
545:Nichiman-go
453:Nichiman-go
100:introducing
3001:Categories
2949:Literature
2819:yakuwarigo
2803:Honorifics
2783:Wasei-eigo
2771:from Dutch
2718:Adjectives
2685:vocabulary
2463:Hentaigana
2458:Man'yōgana
2298:Okinoerabu
2002:Okuyoshino
1688:2022-07-27
1650:2011-05-12
1566:References
953:お孃さんは綺麗ですね
814:私 日本人 アル ヨ
151:in Chinese
39:improve it
3027:Manchuria
2841:Phonology
2728:Particles
2667:Half/Full
2597:Shift JIS
2526:Yotsugana
2506:Kanazukai
2448:Okurigana
2360:Logograms
1972:Shiramine
1817:Southern
1797:Northern
1601:cite book
1593:891024991
1197:Glottolog
1178:ISO 639-3
1128:Manchukuo
794:nipponjin
769:particles
750:Glottolog
731:ISO 639-3
681:Manchukuo
599:Manchukuo
579:Manchukuo
558:Daitōa-go
528:Manchukuo
455:Daitōa-go
414:Shinjitai
231:talk page
183:Consider
45:talk page
2764:gairaigo
2743:Numerals
2713:Pronouns
2652:Enclosed
2632:Katakana
2607:Hiragana
2603:Unicode
2558:ISO/IEC
2540:Encoding
2443:Furigana
2438:Katakana
2433:Hiragana
2335:Yonaguni
2315:Southern
2293:Okinawan
2288:Kunigami
2268:Northern
2260:Ryukyuan
2201:Kyowa-go
2132:Tsushima
2122:Nagasaki
2117:Kumamoto
2105:Chikuzen
1969:Kanazawa
1959:Hokuriku
1894:Shizuoka
1861:Eastern
1850:Kanagawa
1841:Western
1786:Hokkaidō
1767:Dialects
1682:Archived
1544:See also
1388:nàbiānde
1160:Mandarin
1114:Xiehe-yu
1080:アイヤー（哎呀）
1073:アイヤー（哎呀）
773:Mandarin
713:Japanese
667:Kyowa-go
629:Japanese
603:Red Army
592:Japanese
524:Mandarin
520:Japanese
495:Kyōwa-go
483:Kyowa-go
477:Kyōwa-go
449:Kyōwa-go
394:Kyūjitai
374:Katakana
354:Hiragana
337:Xiéhé Yǔ
207:provide
2967:Writers
2900:Hepburn
2854:Rendaku
2793:Engrish
2489:Braille
2410:Ryakuji
2330:Yaeyama
2248:grammar
2243:Hachijō
2140:Satsugū
2099:Hichiku
2085:Hōnichi
2039:San'yō
2034:Chūgoku
2010:Shikoku
1949:Western
1909:Nagaoka
1905:Echigo
1870:Tochigi
1865:Ibaraki
1826:Nairiku
1806:Tsugaru
1777:Eastern
1465:kànjiàn
1457:tàitai,
1449:Gāoqiáo
1396:pǎolede
1380:méiyǒu?
1372:kànjiàn
1356:okusan,
1348:Gāoqiáo
1294:bāngwǒ,
1233:bāngwǒ,
1162:-based
1135:Extinct
934:綺麗 アル ネ
833:私は日本人です
786:Watashi
715:-based
688:Extinct
614:Chinese
510:協和語/协和语
506:Chinese
502:Xieheyu
229:to the
211:in the
153:.
96:improve
2962:Poetry
2910:Kunrei
2872:Kan-on
2643:Other
2552:EUC-JP
2468:Sōgana
2453:Gojūon
2405:Kokuji
2373:Kanbun
2325:Tarama
2320:Miyako
2110:Hakata
2075:Kyūshū
2063:Umpaku
2026:Sanuki
1992:Banshū
1981:Kansai
1924:Mikawa
1919:Nagoya
1899:Narada
1792:Tōhoku
1670:外国问题研究
1636:
1591:
1581:
1521:nàbiān
1513:pǎodaò
1505:yǐjīng
1420:okusan
1409:
1318:hěnduō
1257:dàdàde
1249:qiánde
1164:pidgin
1124:Region
1083:Aiyaa!
1076:Aiyaa!
987:suwaru
717:pidgin
677:Region
647:movies
639:(e.g.
633:movies
556:, and
532:Kōa-go
508::
451:Kōa-go
386:ダイトウアゴ
366:だいとうあご
2984:texts
2957:Books
2877:Tō-on
2867:Go-on
2494:Kanji
2415:Ateji
2378:Kanji
2308:Yoron
2283:Kikai
2151:Other
2053:Inshū
2043:Bingo
1997:Kishū
1987:Awaji
1855:Tokyo
1845:Gunma
1836:Kantō
1821:Kesen
1811:Akita
1801:Nanbu
1529:qùla.
1473:nàzhī
1364:zhūde
1326:qián.
1310:gěinǐ
979:Anata
890:kirei
622:anime
618:manga
384:ニチマンゴ
380:キョウワゴ
364:にちまんご
360:きょうわご
174:DeepL
81:, or
2592:0213
2587:0212
2582:0211
2577:0208
2572:0201
2568:JIS
2562:2022
2425:Kana
2127:Saga
2091:Ōita
2021:Tosa
1965:Kaga
1934:Hida
1929:Mino
1634:ISBN
1607:link
1589:OCLC
1579:ISBN
1404:yǒu.
1353:歐庫桑，
1265:gěi.
1241:wǒde
1225:nǐde
1203:None
1184:None
756:None
737:None
584:民族協和
564:大東亞語
515:lit.
426:大東亜語
406:大東亞語
382:コウアゴ
362:こうあご
205:must
203:You
167:View
2915:JSL
2657:EIS
2547:EUC
2016:Iyo
1742:Old
1674:doi
1526:去啦。
1497:mā?
1481:zhū
1454:太太，
1425:奥さん
1415:歐庫桑
1393:跑了的
1385:那邊的
1377:沒有？
1291:幫我，
1254:大大的
1230:幫我，
1188:mis
1119:協和語
1019:aru
1011:nai
1003:isu
928:ニャン
898:aru
874:ニャン
802:aru
791:日本人
765:aru
741:mis
672:協和語
551:日滿語
538:興亞語
500:or
489:協和語
424:日満語
422:興亜語
420:協和語
404:日滿語
402:興亞語
400:協和語
307:协和语
293:協和語
176:or
3003::
1680:.
1665:.
1603:}}
1599:{{
1587:.
1518:那邊
1510:跑到
1502:已經
1494:嗎？
1489:le
1470:那隻
1462:看見
1446:高橋
1401:有。
1369:看見
1361:豬的
1345:高橋
1341:b)
1323:錢。
1315:很多
1307:給你
1302:wǒ
1286:nǐ
1262:給。
1246:錢的
1238:我的
1222:你的
1218:a)
1140:c.
1069:d)
1027:yo
1016:アル
1008:ない
1000:椅子
995:no
984:座る
976:貴方
972:c)
916:クー
906:ne
895:アル
887:綺麗
862:クー
852:b)
810:yo
799:アル
779:a)
775:.
693:c.
656:.
569:.
543:,
512:;
492:,
85:,
77:,
48:.
2821:)
2812:)
2766:)
2752:)
1720:e
1713:t
1706:v
1691:.
1676::
1653:.
1609:)
1595:.
1486:了
1478:豬
1412:(
1299:我
1283:你
1190:)
1186:(
1024:ヨ
992:の
931:)
925:(
923:娘
919:)
913:(
911:姑
903:ネ
877:)
871:(
869:娘
865:)
859:(
857:姑
807:ヨ
783:私
743:)
739:(
561:(
548:(
535:(
504:(
486:(
260:)
254:(
240:.
233:.
121:)
115:(
110:)
106:(
92:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.