601:
927:
249:
219:
234:
918:, Minister of Foreign Affairs, accused Kandratovich of putting personal interests ahead, e.g. trying to establish trade between Spain and Russia or trying to protect his estates in Belarus, and wanted him removed from the delegation. In May 1920, Ladnov further accused Kandratovich and other "Russian monarchists" of keeping contacts and conspiring with German monarchists. At the same time, Ladnov informed foreign diplomats about the removal of Kandratovich from the Belarusian delegation (even though Ladnov had a telegram from Luckievich dismissing Kandratovich since February 1920).
129:
229:
244:
224:
239:
1128:
31:
117:
105:
688:
795:
436:
549:
699:
844:
was just beginning to form and
Kandratovich was appointed Deputy Minister of National Defense of Lithuania (effectively, commander of the Lithuanian Army) on November 24. However, Lithuanian officers distrusted him as he preferred Russian or Belarusian officers and conducted himself independently
906:
in
Germany. The Belarusian government hoped to recruit some of the 60,000 Belarusian prisoners in German camps into military units that could later form the core of the national army. In Paris, the delegation worked to obtain international recognition for the Belarusian Democratic Republic and
729:
934:
Kandratovich stayed in Paris for a few years. He continued to be involved in
Belarusian affairs. He helped transition the archives and property of the Belarusian delegation after Ladnov was expelled from the Belarusian government when it was revealed that he was employed by the
750:
ordered the liquidation of the
Belarusian units. Men who signed up for the 1st Belarusian Regiment were ordered to report to the 289th Reserve Infantry Regiment, and members of the Central Belarusian Military Council were arrested on the night of January 31 to February 1, 1918.
768:
508:
742:. In his memoirs, Jezavitaŭ claimed that instead of taking initiative, Kandratovich was passive and awaiting a political decision from the top. As a result, the Central Belarusian Military Council dismissed Kandratovich and replaced him with Jezavitaŭ.
592:. In December 1910, he was promoted to general of the infantry, the highest military rank of the Russian Empire in peacetime. In 1913, when there were 177 full generals in the Russian Empire, Kandratovich (at the age of 54) was the youngest among them.
600:
425:
867:
926:
1345:
1390:
1385:
1380:
995:
1415:
323:
in 1907–1913. In
December 1910, at the age of 51, he was promoted to general of the infantry becoming the youngest full general in the Russian Empire. In August 1913, Kandratovich was appointed commander of the
1330:
913:
978:) and lived there until he died in 1932. He purchased the manor house and about 500 hectares (1,200 acres) of land and forests before World War I. It was a small part of the larger estate developed by
1355:
248:
1410:
1400:
1395:
55:
1350:
789:
was organized in May 1918 in which
Kandratovich became the Minister of the Interior. Skirmunt's government lasted until July 22, 1918. In November 1918, the Rada decided to establish the
710:
800:
and assigned the task to
Kandratovich and Jezavitaŭ. Kandratovich prepared a project for a 20,000-men army, but it was rejected as too expensive and unrealistic. According to memoirs of
473:
1375:
1370:
982:(1748–1808). The wooden manor house was plain from the outside but richly decorated inside. Skumin Tyszkiewicz, the husband of the king's niece, built the manor in hopes that King
218:
1360:
1003:
After a serious illness that confined him to a wheelchair, Kandratovich died on
October 31, 1932. He was buried in the same uniform in which he was wounded in 1905 in the
946:
1405:
853:). Lithuanian officers officially declared no confidence in Kandratovich on December 20 and he was dismissed from the government on December 22. He retreated to
1019:
813:
809:
360:
774:
348:
336:. After this defeat, Kandratovich was dismissed from the command and demoted to the reserve ranks. He inspected military units and briefly commanded the
524:. In summer 1904, the 9th Brigade was replenished with new battalions and became the 9th East Siberian Division. The division suffered a defeat at the
1365:
1049:
233:
243:
1340:
655:
627:
495:
483:
446:
337:
329:
292:
276:), (April 29, 1859 – October 31, 1932) was an Imperial Russian corps commander and the appointed commander of the armed forces of the short-lived
876:
380:
683:
520:, Kondratovich was tasked with the formation of the 9th East Siberian Brigade. The brigade was formed in February 1904 and became part of the
1255:
1138:
238:
582:
320:
1007:
Orthodox cemetery. Kandratovich was reburied twice – in the new cemetery in
Voranava in August 1998 and near the in Voranava in May 2000.
1000:. Their only daughter Vera was born in 1912. At their estate, the family was visited by Richter's relatives from Poland, France, Spain.
790:
228:
1420:
1320:
642:, Kandratovich returned to active duty and for some time inspected troops and visited the trenches on behalf of the commander of the
494:
in northern China and was promoted to major general for his actions. In
February 1901, he became commander of the 2nd Brigade of the
442:
288:
177:
1325:
415:
to a family of local nobles in 1859. According to a family legend, he was, in fact, an illegitimate son of Yuri from the princely
936:
893:
615:
325:
164:
544:
1055:
983:
907:
assistance (money and munitions) for the army. However, the work was hampered by lack of resources and internal disagreements.
647:
573:
Army. This was more of an administrative role, and Kandratovich dealt with suppression of the revolutionaries (remnants of the
555:
156:
134:
223:
953:
899:
782:
679:
643:
344:
277:
356:
694:
1335:
965:
543:
He was the Chief of Staff of the 9th East Siberian Division from March 1905 to July 1906. He then briefly served in the
389:
86:
536:(4th degree). He was also promoted to lieutenant general. In January 1905, he was severely wounded in the chest in the
862:
746:
wrote that he was dismissed because he was a "bourgeois". The new Bolshevik government and the new commander-in-chief
420:
763:
734:
by absorbing and reorganizing several existing Russian units. However, the Provisional Government was toppled by the
431:
585:
574:
850:
979:
975:
619:
503:
499:
704:
which began organizing Belarusian military units under the command of Kandratovich. His assistants were general
479:
638:
on 30 August 1914. Between February and November 1915, he was dismissed from active military duty. After the
521:
467:
From November 1884 to April 1888, he served as an officer for special assignments at the headquarters of the
1031:
663:
639:
635:
634:
and Kandratovich was dismissed from the command and demoted to the reserve ranks at the headquarters of the
589:
491:
300:
160:
1037:
92:
801:
716:
1043:
846:
837:
533:
482:. In 1893, he was promoted to colonel. In November 1897, he was reassigned as the Chief of Staff of the
455:
419:. Kandratovich attended the Lida County Noble School. He joined the military service in May 1875 in the
372:
146:
941:
724:
1315:
1310:
833:
759:
705:
659:
631:
468:
343:
In October 1918, Kandratovich worked to organize Belarusian military units that were approved by the
333:
197:
307:, Kondratovich was tasked with the formation of the 9th East Siberian Brigade. He saw action in the
1025:
990:
908:
651:
570:
525:
308:
269:
261:
849:
officers). He was ineffective in organizing the defence against the invading Bolsheviks (see also
828:
pushed into Belarus, many activists and Belarusian soldiers, including Kandratovich, retreated to
743:
1286:
888:
808:
officials and Kandratovich attempted to organize an international self-defence force against the
739:
623:
566:
529:
517:
312:
304:
187:
960:
777:
in April 1918. Members of the Minsk Belarusian Representation sought to align Belarus with the
384:
81:
50:
1278:
1134:
989:
In 1910, Kandratovich married much younger Ada Richter (1879 (?) – 1954), daughter of general
875:
In January 1919, Kandratovich was a member of the delegation sent to represent Belarus at the
563:
537:
416:
316:
204:
61:
1256:"Lietuvos respublikos kariuomenės generalitetas 1918–1940 m.: nežinomi istoriniai fragmentai"
1270:
903:
880:
747:
720:
682:
began reforming the army on a national-territorial basis in October 1917. In response, the
30:
841:
487:
450:
296:
182:
786:
755:
352:
315:, suffered a severe chest injury, and was promoted to lieutenant general. He served in
110:
65:
1227:
1304:
1290:
778:
667:
412:
192:
845:
without proper approvals (for example, it is claimed that he employed personal
735:
1282:
1015:
Kandratovich received the following military awards from the Russian Empire:
662:, in June–September 1917, Kandratovich was also an interim commander of the
122:
670:. These units were demoralized and soldiers were increasingly disobedient.
441:
in St. Petersburg. He graduated in April 1878 and was sent to serve in the
351:
in April 1918 and became the Minister of the Interior in the government of
1274:
1198:
971:
825:
805:
395:
364:
359:, Kandratovich worked on organizing military units to defend against the
1169:
562:, before returning to Asia. In January 1907, he became assistant to the
883:. However, due to delays in getting visas, the delegation was stuck in
829:
578:
368:
284:
887:
for three months. During that time, Kandratovich worked together with
884:
858:
854:
559:
376:
857:
on December 27, 1918, while the Lithuanian government retreated to
925:
599:
383:. He lived a few years in Paris before retiring to his estate in
1391:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 1st class
1386:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 2nd class
1381:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 3rd class
1004:
781:
which caused a crisis within the Rada and the government of the
1346:
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1130:Генерал, які дайшоў да Беларусі. Жыццяпіс Кіпрыяна Кандратовіча
719:. They received permission from the Russian commander-in-chief
693:
took place in Minsk on October 18–21. The congress elected the
379:
in December 1918. In 1919–1920, he represented Belarus at the
762:, and other right-wing activists, Kandratovich organized the
959:
Sometime after 1924, Kandratovich returned to his estate in
614:
In August 1913, Kandratovich was appointed commander of the
1416:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
658:
stationed in Belarus. According to the memoirs of general
1331:
Members of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
1028:(3rd class in 1891, 2nd class in 1899, 1st class in 1905)
1022:(3rd class in 1885, 2nd class in 1896, 1st class in 1904)
684:
Congress of the Belarusian Soldiers of the Western Front
939:
in May 1921. Kandratovich also contributed articles to
453:. He later contributed articles on military topics to
861:
on January 1, 1919. He supported organization of the
581:. In January 1910, he was reassigned as assistant to
486:. In 1900, he participated in the suppression of the
371:
where he briefly joined the Lithuanian government of
1356:
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
785:. As a result, a new Council of Ministers headed by
1411:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia)
295:in 1884. He participated in the suppression of the
287:, he joined the military in 1875 and served in the
213:
170:
152:
140:
98:
71:
37:
21:
1401:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd class
1396:Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class
812:, but Poles refused to join the project (see also
478:when he was reassigned to the headquarters of the
1351:Russian military personnel of the Boxer Rebellion
646:. For his diligent services, he was awarded the
630:, the 2nd Army was essentially destroyed in the
1376:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
1371:Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 3rd class
1226:Kolpakov, Fedor Nikolaevich (12 August 2005).
1034:(3rd class in 1902, 2nd class on July 3, 1909)
773:in February 1918. They were coopted into the
8:
832:. There, he established contacts with the
775:Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
545:General Staff of the Imperial Russian Army
498:, but returned to China and served in the
349:Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic
29:
18:
1361:Russian military personnel of World War I
449:as a captain. He wrote his thesis on the
1406:Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1249:
1247:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
303:in northern China. At the start of the
1197:Sidarevich, Anatol (April 30, 2017).
814:Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus
650:in June 1916. In May 1917, after the
7:
1200:Яны былі першыя. Кіпрыян Кандратовіч
1176:Русская армия в Первой мировой войне
824:At the end of November 1918, as the
622:which was commanded by his old boss
952:published by the government of the
902:in Germany, to help the Belarusian
695:Central Belarusian Military Council
1229:Уровень, далекий от благополучного
898:, the first official envoy of the
654:, he was given the command of the
14:
445:. In 1884, he graduated from the
357:German surrender in November 1918
1366:Belarusian people of World War I
1232:(in Russian). Независимая газета
937:General Staff of the Polish Army
628:Russian invasion of East Prussia
421:105th Orenburg Infantry Regiment
367:pushed forward, he evacuated to
332:and was nearly destroyed in the
330:Russian invasion of East Prussia
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
127:
115:
103:
1254:Stoliarovas, Andriejus (2014).
1056:Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
764:Minsk Belarusian Representation
648:Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky
532:, Kondratovich was awarded the
432:Konstantinovsky Military School
258:Kyprian Antonovich Kandratovich
23:Kyprian Antonovich Kandratovich
1341:Imperial Russian Army generals
954:Belarusian Democratic Republic
900:Belarusian Democratic Republic
783:Belarusian Democratic Republic
680:Russian Provisional Government
345:Russian Provisional Government
278:Belarusian Democratic Republic
1:
1171:Кондратович Киприан Антонович
1046:(4th degree on July 17, 1906)
605:
564:Governor-General of Turkestan
443:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
411:Kandratovich was born in the
375:before retreating further to
289:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
16:Belarusian military commander
1133:(in Belarusian). ЮрСаПрынт.
984:Stanisław August Poniatowski
577:) and a peasant revolt near
135:Belarusian People's Republic
678:To stabilize the army, the
504:Viceroyalty of the Far East
1437:
586:Illarion Vorontsov-Dashkov
583:Governor-General of Tiflis
575:Russian Revolution of 1905
569:and Chief of Staff of the
1421:Russian untitled nobility
1321:People from Lida District
1020:Order of Saint Stanislaus
980:Ludwik Skumin Tyszkiewicz
976:Second Republic of Poland
810:Soviet westward offensive
528:. For his actions in the
500:Kwantung Leased Territory
361:Soviet westward offensive
328:that participated in the
274:Kiprijanas Kondratavičius
265:
28:
1326:People from Lidsky Uyezd
1228:
1199:
1170:
1129:
1127:Lavresh, Leonid (2018).
1050:Order of the White Eagle
930:Manor house in Paharodna
480:Moscow Military District
291:. He graduated from the
268:, Kipryjan Kandratovič,
1032:Order of Saint Vladimir
863:1st Belarusian Regiment
820:In Lithuania and France
674:Belarusian independence
664:3rd Siberian Army Corps
636:Minsk Military District
590:1st Caucasus Army Corps
522:1st East Siberian Corps
492:Chinese Eastern Railway
398:where he died in 1932.
301:Chinese Eastern Railway
161:1st Caucasus Army Corps
1038:Gold Sword for Bravery
931:
877:Paris Peace Conference
656:75th Infantry Division
611:
496:36th Infantry Division
490:and protection of the
484:2nd Grenadier Division
430:and enrolled into the
381:Paris Peace Conference
338:75th Infantry Division
299:and protection of the
273:
93:Second Polish Republic
1275:10.47459/ka.2014.29.8
1168:Likhotvorik, Alexey.
1044:Order of Saint George
986:would come to visit.
929:
851:Lithuanian–Soviet War
847:military intelligence
838:Augustinas Voldemaras
618:. It was part of the
603:
588:and commander of the
534:Order of Saint George
456:Moskovskiye Vedomosti
447:General Staff Academy
373:Augustinas Voldemaras
293:General Staff Academy
147:Imperial Russian Army
834:Council of Lithuania
660:Vladimir Dzhunkovsky
632:Battle of Tannenberg
516:At the start of the
513:until January 1904.
334:Battle of Tannenberg
321:Caucasus Viceroyalty
283:Born in what is now
198:Battle of Tannenberg
1336:Belarusian generals
1026:Order of Saint Anna
836:and Prime Minister
652:February Revolution
571:Semirechye Cossacks
526:Battle of Te-li-Ssu
309:Battle of Te-li-Ssu
266:Кіпрыян Кандратовіч
1052:(December 6, 1912)
974:(then part of the
932:
740:October Revolution
624:Alexander Samsonov
612:
567:Alexander Samsonov
554:and commanded the
530:Battle of Liaoyang
518:Russo-Japanese War
313:Battle of Liaoyang
305:Russo-Japanese War
188:Russo-Japanese War
1265:(in Lithuanian).
1140:978-985-7134-47-2
760:Vincent Hadleŭski
558:headquartered in
538:Battle of Sandepu
417:Trubetskoy family
317:Russian Turkestan
255:
254:
205:Russian Civil War
178:Russo-Turkish War
62:Vilna Governorate
1428:
1295:
1294:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1124:
999:
969:
950:
942:Bielaruski sciah
917:
904:prisoners of war
897:
881:Anton Luckievich
871:
802:Władysław Wejtko
799:
772:
748:Nikolai Krylenko
733:
725:Belarusian Corps
723:to organize the
721:Nikolay Dukhonin
717:Kastuś Jezavitaŭ
714:
703:
692:
610:
607:
604:Kandratovich in
553:
512:
477:
440:
429:
393:
347:. He joined the
267:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
142:
133:
131:
130:
121:
119:
118:
109:
107:
106:
90:
78:
75:October 31, 1932
59:
47:
45:
33:
19:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1207:(in Belarusian)
1201:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1131:
1126:
1125:
1070:
1065:
1040:(March 7, 1906)
1013:
993:
963:
944:
924:
911:
891:
865:
842:Lithuanian Army
822:
793:
791:Belarusian Army
766:
727:
715:and lieutenant
708:
706:Iosif Pozharsky
697:
686:
676:
616:23rd Army Corps
608:
598:
547:
506:
488:Boxer Rebellion
471:
469:Grenadier Corps
465:
463:Service in Asia
451:Siege of Plevna
434:
423:
409:
404:
387:
326:23rd Army Corps
297:Boxer Rebellion
209:
183:Boxer Rebellion
165:23rd Army Corps
163:
159:
128:
126:
125:
116:
114:
113:
104:
102:
84:
80:
76:
53:
49:
43:
41:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1434:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1243:
1218:
1189:
1153:
1139:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:(June 1, 1916)
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1012:
1009:
923:
920:
821:
818:
787:Raman Skirmunt
756:Raman Skirmunt
754:Together with
675:
672:
597:
594:
556:2nd Army Corps
464:
461:
408:
405:
403:
400:
353:Raman Skirmunt
253:
252:
215:
211:
210:
208:
207:
202:
201:
200:
190:
185:
180:
174:
172:
168:
167:
157:2nd Army Corps
154:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
111:Russian Empire
100:
96:
95:
79:(aged 73)
73:
69:
68:
66:Russian Empire
48:April 29, 1859
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1433:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:Karo Archyvas
1257:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1231:
1222:
1219:
1211:September 23,
1206:
1205:Радыё Свабода
1202:
1193:
1190:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
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1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1001:
997:
992:
991:Guido Richter
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
967:
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77:(1932-10-31)
1316:1932 deaths
1311:1859 births
1269:: 351–352.
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872:in Grodno.
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1305:Categories
1063:References
922:Later life
736:Bolsheviks
270:Lithuanian
262:Belarusian
99:Allegiance
44:1859-04-29
1291:240233049
1283:1392-6489
961:Paharodna
407:Education
402:Biography
385:Paharodna
363:. As the
340:in 1917.
123:Lithuania
82:Paharodna
51:Zinovichy
972:Voranava
826:Red Army
806:Ober Ost
620:2nd Army
396:Voranava
365:Red Army
153:Commands
141:Service/
830:Vilnius
738:in the
579:Bishkek
369:Vilnius
285:Belarus
1289:
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1011:Awards
885:Berlin
859:Kaunas
855:Grodno
840:. The
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377:Hrodna
214:Awards
143:branch
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1287:S2CID
1259:(PDF)
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1279:ISSN
1238:2021
1213:2021
1184:2021
1148:2021
1135:ISBN
1005:Lida
758:and
502:and
319:and
311:and
72:Died
38:Born
1271:doi
879:by
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668:Mir
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