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restore conservative sexual double standards. Adultery committed by a woman was considered a very serious crime in
Islamic law, and Ali Pasha was at that point in a difficult position against the Ottoman authorities. He did not wish to seem to be a weak ruler in his province, particularly since there had been some problems with robberies and kidnappings in the province at that time.
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Another theory was that
Ioannina was at that point a society strongly influenced by the West and that Kyra Frosini was a representative of the liberal sexual values within the European aristocracy, where women could take lovers, and that Ali Pasha wished to exterminate what he viewed as decadence and
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It is within this framework that Ali Pasha's son, Muhtar Pasha, attended the society's gatherings and had gotten to know and admire
Euphrosyne. Her spouse was often absent due to business, and Kyra Frosini is known to have had a love affair with Muhtar Pasha. Over time the local Turkish women began
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Ali Pasha had taken many measures and building projects to cultivate favor among the Greek
Epirote community. However the execution of Euphrosyne and the other Greek women turned the local population against him. This became significant during the Greek War of Independence. The Turkish Sultan in
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The reason for the swift execution was reportedly the immediate rage that had occurred in the community because of the arrests, and the willingness of the next of kin of the accused to forgive their purported crimes. According to one version, Dimitrios
Vasiliou had been given the question if he
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On 10 January 1800, Ali Pasha had Kyra
Frosini arrested alongside 17 other women pointed out for the crime of adultery and had them all imprisoned. The arrest attracted attention and protests from the Greek community in the sensitive political climate in Ottoman Greece. Only 1 of the 18 women
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In Greece, however, the most popular theory was that the women, at least
Frosini, had been executed for political reasons after having been discovered for their taking part in the resistance against the Ottoman Empire, and she was therefore hailed as a national heroine.
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One theory claims that Ali Pasha was asked by his daughter-in-law to arrest Kyra
Frosini for being the lover of her spouse, and that he followed her wish because his daughter-in-law was well connected and he did not wish to lose the support of her powerful family.
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along with 17 other women. In legend, she was allegedly executed for political reasons and was thereby viewed as a national heroine. The case of Kyra
Frosini has been portrayed in fiction as a novel, an opera, a film as well as in folk songs.
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Kyra
Frosini and the other women were buried with all honors at the convent of St Anargyroi by the grace of her uncle bishop Gabriel. Reportedly, the women were regarded as martyrs of the Ottomans by their contemporary Greeks.
250:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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centered in Ioannina. In his court he brought in intellectuals from all over Europe. Euphrosyne was the central figure and leader of a local parlour and group of intellectuals that celebrated the arts and literature.
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A local rumour says that, Ali Pasha himself was deep in love with her and couldn't bear her affair and feelings for his son and her influence over him and that he executed the other women only as a cover up.
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wished to continue to live with a prostitute (his wife), and he had answered yes. Conversely, Muhtar Pasha was never punished for his dalliance with Eyphrosyne.
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There was a song sung by people of Epirus about Euphrosyne. According to local legend, it is because of Euphrosyne that the water of the Lake is sweet.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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and married to the wealthy merchant Dimitrios Vasileiou, with whom she had two children. She was a leading member of the local aristocracy in
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by the order of Ali Pasha. The women were reportedly sewn in sacks and pushed in the lake from a boat in the night.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Greek Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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193:"Ελληνικά Δημοτικά Ποιήματα" τ.2ος σ.198 Glaude Fauriel - Πανεπιστημιακές εκδόσεις Κρήτης - Ηράκλειο 2000.
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On the night of 11 January 1800, all 17 women, including Kyra Frosini, were executed by drowning in
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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The real reason may very well be a combination of the above scenarios.
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and known for her beauty and intelligence. Ali Pasha had carved out
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Several theories have been presented as the cause of this event.
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George Finley, History of the Greek revolution, Τόμος 1, σελ. 75
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to complain to Ali Pasha about this society led by Euphrosyne.
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187:Νεώτερον Εγκυκλοπαιδικόν Λεξικόν Ηλίου" τομ.18ος, σελ.380-381.
190:"Δημοτικά Τραγούδια" σ.24-27 - Ν. Πολίτης -(επανέκδοση)
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The case of Kyra Frosini became subject of a poem by
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66:Kyra (Euphrosyne) Frosini was the niece of the
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