354:
331:
228:
253:
612:
619:
3115:
3130:
605:
1501:(known as 'the turret') and 'the pore loop', which begins and ends extracellularly but loops into the plasma membrane; the pore loop for each of the hERG subunits in one channel faces into the ion-conducting pore and is adjacent to the corresponding loops of the three other subunits, and together they form the selectivity filter region of the channel pore. The selectivity sequence, SVGFG, is very similar to that contained in bacterial
360:
259:
49:
1500:
amino acid residue at every 3rd position and is thought to act as a voltage-sensitive sensor, which allows the channel to respond to voltage changes by changing conformations between conducting and non-conducting states (called 'gating'). Between the S5 and S6 helices, there is an extracellular loop
1423:
are used interchangeably, but, in the technical sense, "hERG channels" can be made only by scientists in the laboratory; in formal terms, the naturally occurring channels in the body that include hERG are referred to by the name of the electrical current that has been measured in that cell type, so,
1576:
Due to the documented potential of QT-interval-prolonging drugs, the United States Food and Drug
Administration issued recommendations for the establishment of a cardiac safety profile during pre-clinical drug development: ICH S7B. The nonclinical evaluation of the potential for delayed ventricular
1554:
Although there exist other potential targets for cardiac adverse effects, the vast majority of drugs associated with acquired QT prolongation are known to interact with the hERG potassium channel. One of the main reasons for this phenomenon is the larger inner vestibule of the hERG channel, thus
75:
2620:
Moss AJ, Zareba W, Kaufman ES, Gartman E, Peterson DR, Benhorin J, et al. (February 2002). "Increased risk of arrhythmic events in long-QT syndrome with mutations in the pore region of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel".
1365:
When this channel's ability to conduct electrical current across the cell membrane is inhibited or compromised, either by application of drugs or by rare mutations in some families, it can result in a potentially fatal disorder called
2999:
Gutman GA, Chandy KG, Grissmer S, Lazdunski M, McKinnon D, Pardo LA, et al. (December 2005). "International Union of
Pharmacology. LIII. Nomenclature and molecular relationships of voltage-gated potassium channels".
1551:. Among the drugs that can cause QT prolongation, the more common ones include antiarrhythmics (especially Class 1A and Class III), anti-psychotic agents, and certain antibiotics (including quinolones and macrolides).
2923:
Taglialatela M, Castaldo P, Pannaccione A, Giorgio G, Annunziato L (June 1998). "Human ether-a-gogo related gene (HERG) K+ channels as pharmacological targets: present and future implications".
3954:
4864:
1577:
repolarization (QT interval prolongation) by human pharmaceuticals, issued as CHMP/ICH/423/02, adopted by CHMP in May 2005. Preclinical hERG studies should be accomplished in
4599:
3851:
3784:
1393:
hERG has also been associated with modulating the functions of some cells of the nervous system and with establishing and maintaining cancer-like features in leukemic cells.
1547:
This channel is also sensitive to drug binding, as well as decreased extracellular potassium levels, both of which can result in decreased channel function and drug-induced
367:
266:
1539:), due to repolarization disturbances of the cardiac action potential. There are far more hERG mutations described for long QT syndrome than for short QT syndrome.
3054:
3114:
2072:"A comparison of currents carried by HERG, with and without coexpression of MiRP1, and the native rapid delayed rectifier current. Is MiRP1 the missing link?"
1416:) of the cell membrane during the cardiac action potential. Sometimes, when referring to the pharmacological effects of drugs, the terms "hERG channels" and
3129:
1505:. Although a full crystal structure for hERG is not yet available, a structure has been found for the cytoplasmic N-terminus, which was shown to contain a
2121:"Disease-associated mutations in KCNE potassium channel subunits (MiRPs) reveal promiscuous disruption of multiple currents and conservation of mechanism"
1012:
993:
1348:
189:
1374:. A number of clinically successful drugs in the market have had the tendency to inhibit hERG, lengthening the QT and potentially leading to a fatal
5411:
4795:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4800:
3898:
3170:
1460:'s inward rectification that results in the channel producing a 'paradoxical resurgent current' in response to repolarization of the membrane.
1446:
expression), a potassium ion channel is formed, and this channel has many signature features of the cardiac 'rapid' delayed rectifier current (
3094:
2384:
Trudeau MC, Warmke JW, Ganetzky B, Robertson GA (July 1995). "HERG, a human inward rectifier in the voltage-gated potassium channel family".
2005:
1768:
1750:
5401:
4852:
4033:
1608:
1590:
1370:. Conversely, genetic mutations that increase the current through these channels can lead to the related inherited heart rhythm disorder
4750:
3771:
3187:
2735:"S7B Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed Ventricular Repolarization (QT Interval Prolongation) by Human Pharmaceuticals"
1442:) of hERG, but, when the originally-discovered form of hERG is experimentally transferred into cells that previously lacked hERG (i.e.,
1244:
353:
4536:
2734:
2295:
2046:
1562:, and it does prolong the QT interval, but its multiple other antiarrhythmic effects prevent this from causing torsades de pointes.
1251:
330:
3062:
5129:
4128:
3906:
3222:
1737:
1716:
1689:
5151:
1733:
252:
227:
72:
5360:
3271:
1712:
4726:
3638:
3066:
2742:
169:
5001:
1640:
1379:
366:
265:
2434:"A mechanistic link between an inherited and an acquired cardiac arrhythmia: HERG encodes the IKr potassium channel"
706:
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
3179:
3163:
1628:
1568:
causes peculiarly severe QTc prolongation by blocking hERG and was withdrawn by the manufacturer for this reason.
359:
258:
5355:
3565:
3087:
3049:
5345:
3606:
3482:
1578:
1413:
1359:
1057:
177:
2859:
Vincent GM (1998). "The molecular genetics of the long QT syndrome: genes causing fainting and sudden death".
1472:
is not yet available, but structures have recently been solved by electron microscopy. In the laboratory the
2573:"Crystal structure and functional analysis of the HERG potassium channel N terminus: a eukaryotic PAS domain"
5350:
2666:"Blockade of HERG potassium currents by fluvoxamine: incomplete attenuation by S6 mutations at F656 or Y652"
1988:
Overholt JL, Ficker E, Yang T, Shams H, Bright GR, Prabhakar NR (2002). "Chemosensing at the
Carotid Body".
1431:. This difference in nomenclature becomes clearer in the controversy as to whether the channels conducting
1038:
1589:
The hERG gene was first named and described in a paper by Jeff Warmke and Barry
Ganetzky, then both at the
1438:
include other subunits (e.g., beta subunits) or whether the channels include a mixture of different types (
160:, ERG-1, ERG1, H-ERG, HERG, HERG1, Kv11.1, LQT2, SQT1, potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
5381:
3373:
3360:
3347:
3327:
3314:
3279:
2273:
1789:
Hedley PL, Jørgensen P, Schlamowitz S, Wangari R, Moolman-Smook J, Brink PA, et al. (November 2009).
1502:
1476:
hERG potassium channel comprises four identical alpha subunits, which form the channel's pore through the
2261:
Robertson GA, Jones EM, Wang J (2005). "Gating and
Assembly of Heteromeric hERG1a/1b Channels Underlying
5406:
3156:
3044:
1401:
hERG forms the major portion of one of the ion channel proteins (the 'rapid' delayed rectifier current (
676:
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
3254:
3080:
2393:
2335:
1897:
241:
2278:
156:
3148:
2962:
Bjerregaard P, Gussak I (February 2005). "Short QT syndrome: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment".
1888:
Sanguinetti MC, Tristani-Firouzi M (March 2006). "hERG potassium channels and cardiac arrhythmia".
1535:
1383:
1223:
1194:
1160:
1131:
1347:. This ion channel (sometimes simply denoted as 'hERG') is best known for its contribution to the
4721:
3597:
3244:
3025:
2987:
2646:
2602:
2463:
2199:
2150:
1921:
1863:
1820:
1612:
201:
2483:"LQT2 : amplitude reduction and loss of selectivity in the tail that wags the HERG channel"
1227:
1202:
1198:
1190:
1164:
1139:
1135:
1127:
611:
1555:
providing more space for many different drug classes to bind and block this potassium channel.
3759:
3017:
2979:
2950:
2911:
2876:
2837:
2788:
2695:
2638:
2594:
2553:
2504:
2455:
2409:
2363:
2301:
2291:
2240:
2191:
2142:
2101:
2052:
2042:
2011:
2001:
1970:
1913:
1855:
1812:
1522:
1371:
1344:
1327:
618:
149:
65:
4528:
3509:
3009:
2971:
2940:
2932:
2901:
2868:
2827:
2819:
2778:
2770:
2685:
2677:
2630:
2584:
2543:
2535:
2494:
2445:
2401:
2353:
2343:
2283:
2230:
2181:
2132:
2091:
2083:
2034:
1993:
1960:
1952:
1905:
1847:
1802:
1548:
1530:
1518:
1375:
1367:
446:
377:
321:
276:
2168:
Abbott GW, Sesti F, Splawski I, Buck ME, Lehmann MH, Timothy KW, et al. (April 1999).
604:
197:
5064:
3204:
1469:
1340:
421:
33:
2397:
2339:
2170:"MiRP1 forms IKr potassium channels with HERG and is associated with cardiac arrhythmia"
1901:
48:
4860:
3547:
2783:
2758:
2690:
2665:
2548:
2523:
2096:
2071:
1965:
1940:
1624:
1484:, numbered S1-S6, a pore helix situated between S5 and S6, and cytoplasmically located
1409:
2936:
2832:
2807:
2589:
2572:
2186:
2169:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
5395:
4814:
4487:
3029:
2450:
2433:
2358:
2323:
2272:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 266. pp. 4–15, discussion 15–8, 44–5.
1956:
1620:
1526:
1477:
1412:), and this current is critical in correctly timing the return to the resting state (
647:
2991:
2606:
2154:
1824:
1607:
was named in the 1960s by
William D. Kaplan and William E. Trout, III, while at the
181:
5167:
4558:
2650:
2203:
1867:
1565:
1473:
1443:
439:
218:
2808:"14-3-3 amplifies and prolongs adrenergic stimulation of HERG K+ channel activity"
2467:
2033:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 266. pp. 225–32, discussion 232–4.
1992:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 475. pp. 241–248.
1925:
3063:
Special K: Primate-specific
Potassium Channel Variant Implicated in Schizophrenia
2872:
2087:
205:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
4969:
4808:
3183:
2774:
2571:
Morais Cabral JH, Lee A, Cohen SL, Chait BT, Li M, Mackinnon R (November 1998).
1851:
1773:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1755:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1671:
1661:
1481:
2539:
2328:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
908:
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
522:
5077:
4443:
3811:
3779:
2823:
2324:"A family of potassium channel genes related to eag in Drosophila and mammals"
1838:
Bjerregaard P (August 2018). "Diagnosis and management of short QT syndrome".
1676:
1666:
1656:
1599:
1559:
1506:
1489:
1485:
1387:
338:
235:
185:
1997:
5162:
5072:
2499:
2482:
2405:
2270:
The hERG Cardiac Potassium Channel: Structure, Function and Long QT Syndrome
2120:
2038:
2031:
The hERG Cardiac Potassium Channel: Structure, Function and Long QT Syndrome
2029:
Arcangeli A (2005). "Expression and Role of hERG Channels in Cancer Cells".
957:
582:
460:
405:
392:
304:
291:
193:
3021:
2983:
2841:
2699:
2681:
2642:
2557:
2508:
2348:
2305:
2287:
2244:
2235:
2218:
2195:
2146:
2105:
2056:
2015:
1917:
1859:
1816:
2975:
2954:
2915:
2880:
2792:
2634:
2598:
2524:"Cryo-EM Structure of the Open Human Ether-à-go-go-Related K Channel hERG"
2459:
2413:
2367:
2217:
Jones EM, Roti Roti EC, Wang J, Delfosse SA, Robertson GA (October 2004).
2137:
1974:
1408:)) that conducts potassium (K) ions out of the muscle cells of the heart (
1291:
1286:
5175:
4523:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3419:
3414:
1493:
1275:
1102:
1083:
2713:
2070:
Weerapura M, Nattel S, Chartier D, Caballero R, Hébert TE (April 2002).
1909:
1791:"The genetic basis of long QT and short QT syndromes: a mutation update"
5302:
5059:
4895:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3123:: STRUCTURE OF THE N-TERMINAL DOMAIN OF THE HUMAN-ERG POTASSIUM CHANNEL
3013:
2945:
2664:
Milnes JT, Crociani O, Arcangeli A, Hancox JC, Witchel HJ (July 2003).
1807:
1790:
1525:. Both clinical disorders stem from ion channel dysfunction (so-called
1439:
1069:
1024:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
4979:
4974:
4708:
4703:
4649:
4644:
4460:
4448:
4438:
4433:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4180:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4021:
4016:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3927:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3675:
3670:
3660:
3655:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3340:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3138:: Solution Structure of the HERG K+ channel S5-P extracellular linker
2906:
2889:
1497:
1259:
979:
903:
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization
17:
888:
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential
5213:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5051:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
4964:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4790:
4734:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4563:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4455:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4374:
4369:
4355:
4350:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4322:
4317:
4308:
4303:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4194:
4189:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4011:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3937:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3861:
3856:
3836:
3821:
3816:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3700:
3680:
3665:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3519:
3514:
3237:
3232:
3227:
1939:
Chiesa N, Rosati B, Arcangeli A, Olivotto M, Wanke E (June 1997).
1644:
1623:, their legs start to shake, like the dancing at the then popular
918:
negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane
2219:"Cardiac IKr channels minimally comprise hERG 1a and 1b subunits"
942:
938:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5008:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4917:
4870:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4546:
3922:
3259:
3249:
173:
5323:
4508:
3754:
3542:
3199:
3152:
3076:
1941:"A novel role for HERG K+ channels: spike-frequency adaptation"
627:
4847:
4745:
3866:
3826:
3072:
2432:
Sanguinetti MC, Jiang C, Curran ME, Keating MT (April 1995).
883:
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
868:
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
2806:
Kagan A, Melman YF, Krumerman A, McDonald TV (April 2002).
2890:"The long QT syndrome: ion channel diseases of the heart"
2759:"The behavior of four neurological mutants of Drosophila"
1529:) that can lead to the risk of potentially fatal cardiac
1509:(aminoacid 26–135) that slows the rate of deactivation.
429:
1517:
Loss-of-function mutations in this channel may lead to
3045:
GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Romano-Ward Syndrome
1521:(LQT2), while gain-of-function mutations may lead to
594:
5336:
5160:
5049:
4845:
4743:
4719:
4521:
4127:
4032:
3897:
3770:
3637:
3596:
3558:
3270:
3215:
2427:
2425:
2423:
1216:
1183:
1153:
1120:
898:
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1708:
1706:
1704:
2964:Nature Clinical Practice. Cardiovascular Medicine
2256:
2254:
1480:. Each hERG subunit consists of 6 transmembrane
376:
275:
823:ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential
32:"IKR" redirects here. For the airline code, see
2379:
2377:
1424:for example, in the heart, the correct name is
843:membrane repolarization during action potential
798:membrane depolarization during action potential
2317:
2315:
1734:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038319
1468:A detailed atomic structure for hERG based on
1390:that must be avoided during drug development.
1386:). This has made hERG inhibition an important
1362:, which helps coordinate the heart's beating.
893:regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction
3164:
3088:
1492:. The S4 helix contains a positively charged
1351:: the hERG channel mediates the repolarizing
8:
1643:with the 14-3-3 epsilon protein, encoded by
1593:. The hERG gene is the human homolog of the
726:delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
1713:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000055118
923:potassium ion import across plasma membrane
833:potassium ion export across plasma membrane
731:inward rectifier potassium channel activity
5333:
5320:
4518:
4505:
3767:
3751:
3555:
3539:
3212:
3196:
3171:
3157:
3149:
3095:
3081:
3073:
953:
777:inward rectifier potassium channel complex
643:
417:
316:
213:
83:
3050:International Conference on Harmonization
2944:
2905:
2831:
2782:
2689:
2588:
2547:
2498:
2449:
2357:
2347:
2277:
2234:
2185:
2136:
2095:
1964:
1806:
818:regulation of ion transmembrane transport
1784:
1782:
1558:hERG containing channels are blocked by
711:voltage-gated potassium channel activity
3110:
1700:
873:phosphorelay signal transduction system
757:voltage-gated potassium channel complex
2119:Abbott GW, Goldstein SA (March 2002).
38:
2757:Kaplan WD, Trout WE (February 1969).
878:regulation of membrane repolarization
863:potassium ion transmembrane transport
782:integral component of plasma membrane
681:C3HC4-type RING finger domain binding
381:
342:
337:
280:
239:
234:
7:
2322:Warmke JW, Ganetzky B (April 1994).
1331:) that codes for a protein known as
4537:Calcium-activated chloride channels
2223:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1615:. When flies with mutations in the
853:regulation of heart rate by hormone
716:phosphorelay sensor kinase activity
3607:Amiloride-sensitive cation channel
2522:Wang W, MacKinnon R (April 2017).
1213:
1180:
1150:
1117:
1093:
1074:
1048:
1029:
1003:
984:
686:voltage-gated ion channel activity
599:
549:central gray substance of midbrain
533:choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
517:
455:
434:
25:
666:protein homodimerization activity
29:Mammalian protein found in humans
3128:
3113:
1957:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.313bn.x
1349:electrical activity of the heart
813:regulation of membrane potential
721:ubiquitin protein ligase binding
617:
610:
603:
365:
358:
352:
329:
264:
257:
251:
226:
47:
5130:Voltage-dependent anion channel
3223:Inositol trisphosphate receptor
2670:British Journal of Pharmacology
1690:Voltage-gated potassium channel
1591:University of Wisconsin–Madison
1572:Drug development considerations
772:perinuclear region of cytoplasm
5412:PAS-domain-containing proteins
5152:General bacterial porin family
747:integral component of membrane
628:More reference expression data
583:More reference expression data
487:right hemisphere of cerebellum
1:
3055:Drosophila flybase entry for
2937:10.1016/S0006-2952(98)00002-1
2590:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81635-9
2187:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80728-X
1376:irregularity of the heartbeat
483:muscle layer of sigmoid colon
350:
249:
3067:Schizophrenia Research Forum
2873:10.1146/annurev.med.49.1.263
2743:Food and Drug Administration
2451:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90340-2
2088:10.1113/jphysiol.2001.013296
1619:gene are anaesthetised with
495:myocardium of left ventricle
5402:Genes on human chromosome 7
2481:Robertson GA (March 2000).
1852:10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.02.034
1549:(acquired) long QT syndrome
1380:ventricular tachyarrhythmia
5428:
4571:Chloride Channel Accessory
3180:Membrane transport protein
2888:Ackerman MJ (March 1998).
2540:10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.048
1629:West Hollywood, California
803:cardiac muscle contraction
661:potassium channel activity
31:
5377:
5332:
5319:
4517:
4504:
3766:
3750:
3566:Epithelial sodium channel
3554:
3538:
3211:
3195:
3108:
2861:Annual Review of Medicine
2775:10.1093/genetics/61.2.399
2076:The Journal of Physiology
1945:The Journal of Physiology
1769:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
1751:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1290:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1258:
1245:Chr 7: 150.94 – 150.98 Mb
1239:
1220:
1187:
1176:
1157:
1124:
1113:
1100:
1096:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1055:
1051:
1036:
1032:
1023:
1010:
1006:
991:
987:
978:
963:
956:
952:
936:
848:potassium ion homeostasis
701:identical protein binding
646:
642:
625:
602:
593:
580:
529:
520:
467:
458:
428:
420:
416:
399:
386:
349:
328:
319:
315:
298:
285:
248:
225:
216:
212:
167:
164:
154:
147:
142:
91:
86:
69:
64:
59:
55:
46:
41:
3483:Cation channels of sperm
2925:Biochemical Pharmacology
1998:10.1007/0-306-46825-5_22
1474:heterologously expressed
1360:cardiac action potential
671:scaffold protein binding
3002:Pharmacological Reviews
2894:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
2824:10.1093/emboj/21.8.1889
2500:10.1161/01.res.86.5.492
2406:10.1126/science.7604285
2039:10.1002/047002142X.ch17
1639:HERG has been shown to
1252:Chr 5: 24.52 – 24.56 Mb
913:membrane repolarization
858:transmembrane transport
838:potassium ion transport
565:interventricular septum
2682:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705335
2349:10.1073/pnas.91.8.3438
2288:10.1002/047002142X.ch2
2236:10.1074/jbc.M408344200
537:neural layer of retina
3559:Constitutively active
2976:10.1038/ncpcardio0097
2635:10.1161/hc0702.105124
2138:10.1096/fj.01-0520hyp
1470:X-ray crystallography
1345:potassium ion channel
2487:Circulation Research
691:ion channel activity
383:5 A3|5 10.94 cM
344:Chromosome 5 (mouse)
242:Chromosome 7 (human)
87:List of PDB id codes
60:Available structures
5326:By gating mechanism
2398:1995Sci...269...92T
2340:1994PNAS...91.3438W
2229:(43): 44690–44694.
1910:10.1038/nature04710
1902:2006Natur.440..463S
1536:torsades de pointes
1384:torsades de pointes
808:signal transduction
4853:TRP cation channel
4751:CNG cation channel
4034:Tandem pore domain
3245:Ryanodine receptor
3014:10.1124/pr.57.4.10
2534:(3): 422–430.e10.
1808:10.1002/humu.21106
1613:Duarte, California
1597:gene found in the
1058:ENSMUSG00000038319
928:cardiac conduction
791:Biological process
740:Cellular component
654:Molecular function
553:epithelium of lens
499:anterior pituitary
5389:
5388:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5361:Stretch-activated
5338:Ion channel class
5315:
5314:
5311:
5310:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4495:
3772:Calcium-activated
3760:Potassium channel
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3146:
3145:
2931:(11): 1741–1746.
2007:978-0-306-46367-9
1951:(Pt 2): 313–318.
1896:(7083): 463–469.
1801:(11): 1486–1511.
1543:Drug interactions
1523:short QT syndrome
1372:short QT syndrome
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1270:
1269:
1235:
1234:
1210:
1209:
1172:
1171:
1147:
1146:
1109:
1108:
1090:
1089:
1064:
1063:
1045:
1044:
1019:
1018:
1000:
999:
948:
947:
638:
637:
634:
633:
589:
588:
576:
575:
569:cerebellar cortex
557:medulla oblongata
514:
513:
412:
411:
311:
310:
206:KCNH2 - orthologs
138:
137:
134:
133:
70:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
5419:
5334:
5321:
4529:Chloride channel
4519:
4506:
3899:Inward-rectifier
3768:
3752:
3556:
3540:
3510:Two-pore channel
3213:
3197:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3150:
3132:
3117:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3033:
2995:
2958:
2948:
2919:
2909:
2907:10.4065/73.3.250
2884:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2818:(8): 1889–1898.
2812:The EMBO Journal
2803:
2797:
2796:
2786:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2592:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2453:
2429:
2418:
2417:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2334:(8): 3438–3442.
2319:
2310:
2309:
2281:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2189:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2140:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2099:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1885:
1872:
1871:
1846:(8): 1261–1267.
1835:
1829:
1828:
1810:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1747:
1741:
1731:
1720:
1710:
1519:long QT syndrome
1410:cardiac myocytes
1368:long QT syndrome
1325:ene) is a gene (
1283:
1282:
1254:
1247:
1230:
1214:
1205:
1181:
1177:RefSeq (protein)
1167:
1151:
1142:
1118:
1094:
1075:
1049:
1030:
1004:
985:
954:
644:
630:
621:
614:
607:
600:
585:
525:
523:Top expressed in
518:
463:
461:Top expressed in
456:
435:
418:
408:
395:
384:
369:
362:
356:
345:
333:
317:
307:
294:
283:
268:
261:
255:
244:
230:
214:
208:
159:
152:
129:
84:
78:
57:
56:
51:
39:
21:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5392:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5365:
5328:
5307:
5156:
5055:
5045:
4841:
4739:
4715:
4513:
4492:
4406:
4283:
4140:
4123:
4028:
3992:
3962:
3918:
3910:
3893:
3847:
3762:
3738:
3711:
3650:
3633:
3592:
3550:
3526:
3409:
3381:
3368:
3355:
3335:
3322:
3287:
3266:
3207:
3205:Calcium channel
3191:
3177:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3133:
3124:
3118:
3104:
3101:
3041:
3036:
2998:
2961:
2922:
2887:
2858:
2854:
2852:Further reading
2849:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2719:
2717:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2431:
2430:
2421:
2392:(5220): 92–95.
2383:
2382:
2375:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2298:
2279:10.1.1.512.5443
2268:in the Heart".
2267:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2082:(Pt 1): 15–27.
2069:
2068:
2064:
2049:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2008:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1887:
1886:
1875:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1732:
1723:
1711:
1702:
1698:
1686:
1653:
1637:
1587:
1574:
1545:
1527:channelopathies
1515:
1478:plasma membrane
1466:
1459:
1452:
1437:
1430:
1422:
1407:
1399:
1358:current in the
1357:
1336:
1292:View/Edit Mouse
1287:View/Edit Human
1250:
1243:
1240:Location (UCSC)
1226:
1222:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1163:
1159:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1039:ENSG00000055118
932:
786:
762:plasma membrane
735:
696:protein binding
626:
616:
615:
609:
608:
581:
572:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
541:right ventricle
539:
535:
521:
510:
505:
501:
497:
493:
491:pituitary gland
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
459:
403:
390:
382:
372:
371:
370:
363:
343:
320:Gene location (
302:
289:
281:
271:
270:
269:
262:
240:
217:Gene location (
168:
155:
148:
93:
71:
37:
34:IKR (ICAO code)
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5425:
5423:
5415:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5394:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5340:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5218:
5217:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5172:
5170:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5069:
5067:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4868:
4857:
4855:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4755:
4753:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4727:Proton channel
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4696:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4602:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4568:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4533:
4531:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4404:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4138:
4133:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4038:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3960:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3776:
3774:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3648:
3643:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3603:
3601:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3562:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3548:Sodium channel
3543:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3407:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3379:
3371:
3366:
3358:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3325:
3320:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3285:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3219:
3217:
3209:
3208:
3200:
3193:
3192:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3040:
3039:External links
3037:
3035:
3034:
3008:(4): 473–508.
2996:
2959:
2920:
2900:(3): 250–269.
2885:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2798:
2769:(2): 399–409.
2749:
2726:
2705:
2676:(5): 887–898.
2656:
2629:(7): 794–799.
2612:
2583:(5): 649–655.
2563:
2514:
2493:(5): 492–493.
2473:
2444:(2): 299–307.
2419:
2373:
2311:
2296:
2265:
2250:
2209:
2180:(2): 175–187.
2160:
2131:(3): 390–400.
2111:
2062:
2047:
2021:
2006:
1990:Oxygen Sensing
1980:
1931:
1873:
1830:
1795:Human Mutation
1778:
1760:
1742:
1721:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1636:
1633:
1625:Whisky a Go Go
1586:
1583:
1573:
1570:
1544:
1541:
1514:
1511:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1450:
1435:
1428:
1420:
1414:repolarization
1405:
1398:
1395:
1355:
1334:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
1001:
998:
997:
989:
988:
982:
976:
975:
970:
965:
961:
960:
950:
949:
946:
945:
934:
933:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
794:
792:
788:
787:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
743:
741:
737:
736:
734:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
657:
655:
651:
650:
640:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
623:
622:
597:
591:
590:
587:
586:
578:
577:
574:
573:
571:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
527:
526:
515:
512:
511:
509:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:left ventricle
476:
472:
468:
465:
464:
452:
451:
443:
432:
426:
425:
422:RNA expression
414:
413:
410:
409:
401:
397:
396:
388:
385:
380:
374:
373:
364:
357:
351:
347:
346:
341:
335:
334:
326:
325:
313:
312:
309:
308:
300:
296:
295:
287:
284:
279:
273:
272:
263:
256:
250:
246:
245:
238:
232:
231:
223:
222:
210:
209:
166:
162:
161:
153:
145:
144:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:
89:
88:
80:
79:
68:
62:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5424:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5384:
5383:
5376:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5356:Voltage-gated
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5318:
5304:
5301:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5159:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5048:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4718:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4511:Miscellaneous
4507:
4503:
4489:
4488:Shaker (gene)
4486:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4461:minK/ISK-like
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4129:Voltage-gated
4126:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3842:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3639:Voltage-gated
3636:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3316:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3272:Voltage-gated
3269:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3137:
3131:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2750:
2746:. 6 May 2020.
2745:
2744:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2657:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2297:9780470021408
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:FASEB Journal
2122:
2115:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2048:9780470021408
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1627:nightclub in
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:Ether-à-go-go
1614:
1610:
1606:
1605:Ether-à-go-go
1602:
1601:
1596:
1595:Ether-à-go-go
1592:
1584:
1582:
1581:environment.
1580:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:KcsA channels
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1482:alpha helices
1479:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1453:), including
1449:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1404:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1114:RefSeq (mRNA)
1112:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
990:
986:
983:
981:
977:
974:
971:
969:
966:
962:
959:
955:
951:
944:
940:
935:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
828:ion transport
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
793:
790:
789:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
742:
739:
738:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:Gene ontology
645:
641:
629:
624:
620:
613:
606:
601:
598:
596:
592:
584:
579:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
531:
528:
524:
519:
516:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
475:right auricle
474:
471:apex of heart
470:
469:
466:
462:
457:
454:
453:
450:
448:
444:
442:
441:
437:
436:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
407:
402:
398:
394:
389:
379:
375:
368:
361:
355:
348:
340:
336:
332:
327:
323:
318:
314:
306:
301:
297:
293:
288:
278:
274:
267:
260:
254:
247:
243:
237:
233:
229:
224:
220:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
163:
158:
151:
146:
141:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
90:
85:
82:
81:
77:
74:
67:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
35:
27:
19:
5407:Ion channels
5379:
5346:Ligand-gated
5337:
5325:
5168:Gap junction
5161:
5050:
4846:
4807:
4785:
4758:
4744:
4720:
4698:
4656:
4604:
4570:
4553:
4541:
4522:
4510:
4465:
4428:
4402:
4364:
4279:
4136:
4041:
3988:
3958:
3914:
3843:
3756:
3707:
3646:
3544:
3453:
3426:
3405:
3377:
3364:
3351:
3331:
3318:
3283:
3216:Ligand-gated
3201:
3184:ion channels
3135:
3120:
3056:
3005:
3001:
2970:(2): 84–87.
2967:
2963:
2928:
2924:
2897:
2893:
2864:
2860:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2741:
2729:
2718:. Retrieved
2714:"Amiodarone"
2708:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2441:
2437:
2389:
2385:
2331:
2327:
2269:
2262:
2226:
2222:
2212:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2079:
2075:
2065:
2030:
2024:
1989:
1983:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1893:
1889:
1843:
1840:Heart Rhythm
1839:
1833:
1798:
1794:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1745:
1638:
1635:Interactions
1616:
1611:Hospital in
1609:City of Hope
1604:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1575:
1566:Thioridazine
1564:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1534:
1516:
1467:
1454:
1447:
1444:heterologous
1432:
1425:
1417:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1364:
1352:
1339:, the alpha
1332:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1315:ther-à-go-go
1312:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1224:NP_001281091
1221:
1195:NP_001191727
1188:
1161:NM_001294162
1158:
1132:NM_001204798
1125:
1101:
1082:
1056:
1037:
1011:
992:
972:
967:
767:cell surface
503:right testis
445:
438:
303:150,978,321
290:150,944,961
165:External IDs
92:
26:
5351:Light-gated
3833:IK channel
3103:PDB gallery
2946:11566/37313
2867:: 263–274.
2623:Circulation
1679:(GBR-12909)
1672:Terfenadine
1662:Domperidone
1531:arrhythmias
507:left testis
404:24,556,602
391:24,524,587
143:Identifiers
5396:Categories
4554:Bestrophin
3812:SK channel
3780:BK channel
3454:γ-subunits
3427:β-subunits
3410:δ-subunits
2720:2019-05-28
2716:. Drugbank
1740:, May 2017
1719:, May 2017
1696:References
1677:Vanoxerine
1667:Sertindole
1657:Astemizole
1651:Inhibitors
1600:Drosophila
1560:amiodarone
1507:PAS domain
1388:antitarget
449:(ortholog)
186:HomoloGene
5382:disorders
5380:see also
5163:Cytoplasm
5073:Aquaporin
4542:Anoctamin
4365:11.1/hERG
3030:219195192
2274:CiteSeerX
1490:C-termini
1464:Structure
1228:NP_038597
1203:NP_742054
1199:NP_742053
1191:NP_000229
1165:NM_013569
1140:NM_172057
1136:NM_172056
1128:NM_000238
958:Orthologs
194:GeneCards
5176:Connexin
4456:minK/ISK
3022:16382104
2992:10125533
2984:16265378
2842:11953308
2763:Genetics
2700:12839862
2643:11854117
2607:15090987
2558:28431243
2509:10720408
2306:16050259
2245:15304481
2196:10219239
2155:26205057
2147:11874988
2106:11927665
2057:16050271
2016:10849664
1918:16554806
1860:29501667
1825:19122696
1817:19862833
1736:–
1715:–
1684:See also
1641:interact
1513:Genetics
1494:arginine
1440:isoforms
1397:Function
1276:Wikidata
937:Sources:
752:membrane
5303:Innexin
5060:solutes
2955:9714291
2916:9511785
2881:9509262
2793:5807804
2784:1212165
2691:1573929
2651:2616052
2599:9845367
2549:5484391
2460:7736582
2414:7604285
2394:Bibcode
2386:Science
2368:8159766
2336:Bibcode
2204:8507168
2097:2290231
1975:9192303
1966:1159479
1898:Bibcode
1868:4519580
1738:Ensembl
1717:Ensembl
1533:(e.g.,
1382:called
1341:subunit
1321:elated
1070:UniProt
1025:Ensembl
964:Species
943:QuickGO
424:pattern
182:1341722
150:Aliases
3600:-gated
3598:Proton
3374:T-type
3361:R-type
3348:Q-type
3328:P-type
3315:N-type
3280:L-type
3028:
3020:
2990:
2982:
2953:
2914:
2879:
2840:
2833:125975
2830:
2791:
2781:
2698:
2688:
2649:
2641:
2605:
2597:
2556:
2546:
2507:
2468:240044
2466:
2458:
2412:
2366:
2356:
2304:
2294:
2276:
2243:
2202:
2194:
2153:
2145:
2104:
2094:
2055:
2045:
2014:
2004:
1973:
1963:
1926:929837
1924:
1916:
1890:Nature
1866:
1858:
1823:
1815:
1603:fly;
1585:Naming
1498:lysine
1262:search
1260:PubMed
1103:O35219
1084:Q12809
980:Entrez
595:BioGPS
561:atrium
282:7q36.1
174:152427
5214:GJA10
5065:Porin
4965:TRPML
4735:HVCN1
4429:KCNIP
4284:α7-12
3188:TC 1A
3026:S2CID
2988:S2CID
2738:(PDF)
2647:S2CID
2603:S2CID
2464:S2CID
2359:43592
2200:S2CID
2151:S2CID
1922:S2CID
1864:S2CID
1821:S2CID
1645:YWHAE
1621:ether
1343:of a
1328:KCNH2
1310:uman
1306:(the
1013:16511
973:Mouse
968:Human
939:Amigo
447:Mouse
440:Human
387:Start
322:Mouse
286:Start
219:Human
198:KCNH2
157:KCNH2
42:KCNH2
18:KCNH2
5294:GJD4
5289:GJD3
5284:GJD2
5274:GJC3
5269:GJC2
5264:GJC1
5254:GJB7
5249:GJB6
5244:GJB5
5239:GJB4
5234:GJB3
5229:GJB2
5224:GJB1
5209:GJA9
5204:GJA8
5199:GJA5
5194:GJA4
5189:GJA3
5184:GJA1
5009:TRPV
4992:TRPP
4987:TRPN
4918:TRPM
4871:TRPC
4861:TRPA
4699:CLNS
4657:CLIC
4605:CLCN
4600:CFTR
4547:ANO1
4466:MiRP
4394:12.3
4389:12.2
4384:12.1
4375:11.3
4370:11.2
4356:10.2
4351:10.1
4141:α1-6
3955:GIRK
3369:α2.3
3356:α2.1
3323:α2.2
3136:1ujl
3121:1byw
3018:PMID
2980:PMID
2951:PMID
2912:PMID
2877:PMID
2838:PMID
2789:PMID
2696:PMID
2639:PMID
2595:PMID
2577:Cell
2554:PMID
2528:Cell
2505:PMID
2456:PMID
2438:Cell
2410:PMID
2364:PMID
2302:PMID
2292:ISBN
2241:PMID
2192:PMID
2174:Cell
2143:PMID
2102:PMID
2053:PMID
2043:ISBN
2012:PMID
2002:ISBN
1971:PMID
1914:PMID
1856:PMID
1813:PMID
1488:and
1337:11.1
1304:hERG
994:3757
545:lens
430:Bgee
378:Band
339:Chr.
277:Band
236:Chr.
170:OMIM
127:2N7G
123:4HQA
119:4HP9
115:2LE7
111:2L4R
107:2L1M
103:2L0W
99:1UJL
95:1BYW
76:RCSB
73:PDBe
5058:(+
4896:4AP
4809:HCN
4342:9.3
4337:9.2
4332:9.1
4323:8.2
4318:8.1
4309:7.5
4304:7.4
4299:7.3
4294:7.2
4289:7.1
4271:6.4
4266:6.3
4261:6.2
4256:6.1
4247:5.1
4238:4.3
4233:4.2
4228:4.1
4219:3.4
4214:3.3
4209:3.2
4204:3.1
4195:2.2
4190:2.1
4181:1.8
4176:1.7
4171:1.6
4166:1.5
4161:1.4
4156:1.3
4151:1.2
4146:1.1
4042:K2P
4022:7.1
4017:6.2
4012:6.1
4007:5.1
4002:4.2
3997:4.1
3982:3.4
3977:3.3
3972:3.2
3967:3.1
3948:2.6
3943:2.4
3938:2.3
3933:2.2
3928:2.1
3923:1.1
3909:ATP
3887:5.1
3882:4.2
3877:4.1
3872:3.1
3867:2.3
3862:2.2
3857:2.1
3852:1.1
3837:IK1
3827:SK3
3822:SK2
3817:SK1
3696:1.9
3691:1.8
3686:1.7
3681:1.6
3676:1.5
3671:1.4
3666:1.3
3661:1.2
3656:1.1
3545:Na:
3397:3.3
3392:3.2
3387:3.1
3341:2.1
3308:1.4
3303:1.3
3298:1.2
3293:1.1
3202:Ca:
3057:erg
3010:doi
2972:doi
2941:hdl
2933:doi
2902:doi
2869:doi
2828:PMC
2820:doi
2779:PMC
2771:doi
2686:PMC
2678:doi
2674:139
2631:doi
2627:105
2585:doi
2544:PMC
2536:doi
2532:169
2495:doi
2446:doi
2402:doi
2390:269
2354:PMC
2344:doi
2284:doi
2231:doi
2227:279
2182:doi
2133:doi
2092:PMC
2084:doi
2080:540
2035:doi
1994:doi
1961:PMC
1953:doi
1949:501
1906:doi
1894:440
1848:doi
1803:doi
1579:GLP
1496:or
1378:(a
400:End
299:End
202:OMA
190:201
178:MGI
66:PDB
5398::
5280:D
5260:C
5220:B
5180:A
5062:):
4815:FC
4709:1B
4704:1A
4692:L1
4650:KB
4645:KA
4524:Cl
4117:18
4112:17
4107:16
4102:15
4097:13
4092:12
4087:10
3991:ir
3961:ir
3917:ir
3846:Ca
3805:β4
3800:β3
3795:β2
3790:β1
3785:α1
3757:K:
3708:Na
3701:7A
3647:Na
3474:γ4
3469:γ3
3464:γ2
3459:γ1
3447:β4
3442:β3
3437:β2
3432:β1
3378:Ca
3365:Ca
3352:Ca
3332:Ca
3319:Ca
3284:Ca
3182::
3065:-
3024:.
3016:.
3006:57
3004:.
2986:.
2978:.
2966:.
2949:.
2939:.
2929:55
2927:.
2910:.
2898:73
2896:.
2892:.
2875:.
2865:49
2863:.
2836:.
2826:.
2816:21
2814:.
2810:.
2787:.
2777:.
2767:61
2765:.
2761:.
2740:.
2694:.
2684:.
2672:.
2668:.
2645:.
2637:.
2625:.
2601:.
2593:.
2581:95
2579:.
2575:.
2552:.
2542:.
2530:.
2526:.
2503:.
2491:86
2489:.
2485:.
2462:.
2454:.
2442:81
2440:.
2436:.
2422:^
2408:.
2400:.
2388:.
2376:^
2362:.
2352:.
2342:.
2332:91
2330:.
2326:.
2314:^
2300:.
2290:.
2282:.
2266:Kr
2253:^
2239:.
2225:.
2221:.
2198:.
2190:.
2178:97
2176:.
2172:.
2149:.
2141:.
2129:16
2127:.
2123:.
2100:.
2090:.
2078:.
2074:.
2051:.
2041:.
2010:.
2000:.
1969:.
1959:.
1947:.
1943:.
1920:.
1912:.
1904:.
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1862:.
1854:.
1844:15
1842:.
1819:.
1811:.
1799:30
1797:.
1793:.
1781:^
1771:.
1753:.
1724:^
1703:^
1647:.
1631:.
1486:N-
1458:Kr
1451:Kr
1436:Kr
1429:Kr
1421:Kr
1406:Kr
1356:Kr
941:/
406:bp
393:bp
305:bp
292:bp
200:;
196::
192:;
188::
184:;
180::
176:;
172::
125:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
109:,
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5145:3
5140:2
5135:1
5123:9
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