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NKG2D

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hexameric complex structure and initiate signaling cascades. In both mice and humans, this signalling depends on the association between NKG2D and DAP10 protein forming a complex. Upon ligand engagement, Tyr-X-X-Meth (YXXM) motif within the cytoplasmic domain of DAP10 recruits PI3K and Grb2 to activate NK cell cytotoxicity pathways. In mice, NKG2D associates with DAP 12, instead of DAP 10, and NKG2D-DAP12 complex is involved in IFN-γ production through the Syk and ZAP70 pathway.
335: 234: 40: 1567:(IL-15R) is a crucial factor for development, homeostasis and survival of NK cells and NKG2D signaling seems to be similarly critical. Connection between these two pathways is the binding of DAP10, adaptor protein and signal transducer, which associates with IL-15R or NKG2D, respectively. This phenomenon was proven by experiments on mice knocked out in 1518:, cells upregulate the expression of NKG2D ligands that enable NK-mediated killing of senescent cells via the granule exocytosis pathway. Specifically, MICA and ULBP2 proteins on senescent cells are recognized by the NKG2D receptor on Natural Killer cells, which is necessary for efficient recognition and elimination of senescent cells. 1608:
the low level of mTORC1 and for terminally differentiated CD8 T cells, high level of mTORC1 activity is typical. Upregulation of antiapoptic Mcl-1 protein by NKG2D also induces formation of memory T cells. In  murine memory T cell precursors, downregulation of T-bet transcription factor is likewise affected by NKG2D.
1556:, mainly involved in the early cytolytic defense against infections and tumors. NK cell activity is mediated by a variety of cell surface receptors with stimulatory and inhibitory activity. Under normal conditions, NK cells exist in an inactive state, with signaling dominated by inhibitory receptor activation. 1297:
which are completely absent or present only at low levels on surface of normal cells, but they are overexpressed by infected, transformed, senescent and stressed cells. Their expression is regulated at different stages (transcription, mRNA and protein stabilization, cleavage from the cell surface) by
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are all necessary components. Co-stimulation regulates responsiveness of T cells and NKG2D is one of well-documented co-stimulatory molecules for T cells., CD28 –mediated co-stimulation is required for promotion of cytokine production and cytotoxicity in CD8 T cells by NKG2D. For cytokine production
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As cancerous cells are "stressed", NKG2D ligands become upregulated, rendering the cell susceptible to NK cell-mediated lysis. However, some tumor cells have acquired the capacity to evade this immune surveillance. They have created the capacity of reducing and eliminating the high volume of NKG2DL
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In T cells, NKG2D is associated with IL15-receptor signaling and also with the development of memory CD8 T cells. Key role in the transformation of CD8 T cells into effector or memory types is played by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) – memory precursor cells are characteristic by
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NKG2D is involved in the generation of peripheral tolerance by the effective downregulation of NKG2D ligands, for the prevention from recognition by NK cells. It is supposed to act as a form of obstacle against NK cells' hyper-responsiveness to ligands, without complete education in bone marrow.
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genes ). One of the major signals for cell expression of NKG2D is the triggering of DDR along with the induction of senescence program. RNA splicing is another mechanism influencing NKG2D ligand expression. For MICA, ULBP4 and ULBP5, alternative splicing isoforms have been shown. However, the
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When NKG2D receptor binds to any of its ligands, an activation cascade starts for activating the respective immune cell. NKG2D does not possess any signaling elements within its intracellular domain. NKG2D forms a homodimer and associates with adaptor proteins in its transmembrane domain to a
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NKG2G is a key stimulatory cell surface receptor. A low expression of the receptor is observed already in the early NK cells precursor stages, also the concentration of receptors is increased with maturation of NK cells. In mice, both NKG2D isoforms were detected.  During resting state,
1541:. This pathway activation depend on two main basis. The first is the plasticity and structural changes of NKG2D (receptor) when binding to its ligands. The last one is the association of DAP10 in the intracellular domain of the receptor and the recruitment of PI3K and Grb. 66: 1505:
that cleave these ligands, and therefore they escape from the control of NK cells and their cytotoxic activity. TGF-β allows immune surveillance escape by inhibiting T and NK cell function. Tumor cells that can evade NKG2D responses are thus more likely to propagate.
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various stress pathways. Among them, one of the most prominent stress pathways is DNA damage response. Genotoxic stress, stalled DNA replication, poorly regulated cell proliferation in tumorigenesis, viral replication or some viral products activate the
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protein, which mediates RNA degradation, constitutively targets mRNA of NKG2D ligands. Additionally, surface expression levels of NKG2D can be controlled by soluble forms of various protease-mediated cleavages and exosome expression.
1410:, posttranscriptional and posttranslational. On the transcriptional level, NKG2D ligands can be regulated by transcription factors or regulatory sequences in various molecular pathways. Also, the regulation of NKG2D ligands after 1306:
kinases. These kinases initiate the DNA damage response pathway which participates in NKG2D ligand upregulation. DNA damage response thus participate in alerting the immune system to the presence of potentially dangerous cells.
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Upshaw JL, Arneson LN, Schoon RA, Dick CJ, Billadeau DD, Leibson PJ (May 2006). "NKG2D-mediated signaling requires a DAP10-bound Grb2-Vav1 intermediate and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in human natural killer cells".
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Tolerance of NK cells is likewise observed during pregnancy, when placenta produces soluble and exosome-bound ligands for NKG2D and accumulates large number of NK cells which prevent recognition of fetus as non-self.
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Also development of B cells is regulated by NKG2D—NKG2D deficient mice have reduced number of B cells in spleen, which is partially depended on DAP10. In comparison to NK cells, mature B cells do not express NKG2D.
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dimer. This association is maintained by ionic interaction of a positively charged arginine present in a transmembrane segment of NKG2D and negatively charged aspartic acids within both transmembrane regions of
1571:– such mice have higher proliferation rate, faster differentiation and maturation of NK cells, resulting in a misbalance of immature NK cell subpopulations and higher susceptibility to apoptosis of NK cells. 2136:
Diefenbach A, Tomasello E, Lucas M, Jamieson AM, Hsia JK, Vivier E, Raulet DH (December 2002). "Selective associations with signaling proteins determine stimulatory versus costimulatory activity of NKG2D".
1472:. In NK cells, NKG2D serves as an activating receptor, which itself is able to trigger cytotoxicity. The function of NKG2D on CD8 T cells is to send co-stimulatory signals to activate them. 3424:
Groh V, Rhinehart R, Randolph-Habecker J, Topp MS, Riddell SR, Spies T (March 2001). "Costimulation of CD8alphabeta T cells by NKG2D via engagement by MIC induced on virus-infected cells".
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Serrano AE, Menares-Castillo E, Garrido-Tapia M, Ribeiro CH, Hernández CJ, Mendoza-Naranjo A, et al. (March 2011). "Interleukin 10 decreases MICA expression on melanoma cell surface".
4672: 3510:"NKG2D costimulates human V gamma 9V delta 2 T cell antitumor cytotoxicity through protein kinase C theta-dependent modulation of early TCR-induced calcium and transduction signals" 1213:
Human NKG2D receptor complex assembles into a hexameric structure. NKG2D itself forms a homodimer whose ectodomains serve for ligand binding. Each NKG2D monomer is associated with
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NKG2D is a major recognition receptor for the detection and elimination of transformed and infected cells as its ligands are induced during cellular stress, either as a result of
1169:(killer cell lectin like receptor K1) gene which is located in the NK-gene complex (NKC) situated on chromosome 6 in mice and chromosome 12 in humans. In mice, it is expressed by 3811: 1787:
Brown MG, Fulmek S, Matsumoto K, Cho R, Lyons PA, Levy ER, et al. (May 1997). "A 2-Mb YAC contig and physical map of the natural killer gene complex on mouse chromosome 6".
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Li P, Morris DL, Willcox BE, Steinle A, Spies T, Strong RK (May 2001). "Complex structure of the activating immunoreceptor NKG2D and its MHC class I-like ligand MICA".
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Rabinovich B, Li J, Wolfson M, Lawrence W, Beers C, Chalupny J, et al. (April 2006). "NKG2D splice variants: a reexamination of adaptor molecule associations".
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Bauer S, Groh V, Wu J, Steinle A, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, Spies T (July 1999). "Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA".
3595:"Natural killer group 2D and CD28 receptors differentially activate mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin to alter murine effector CD8+ T-cell differentiation" 4662: 1274: 1822:
Yabe T, McSherry C, Bach FH, Fisch P, Schall RP, Sondel PM, Houchins JP (1993). "A multigene family on human chromosome 12 encodes natural killer-cell lectins".
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molecular mechanisms of this type of regulation are unknown. In posttranscriptional regulation, stabilization of NKG2D ligand mRNA plays a key role. For example
3385:"Human placenta expresses and secretes NKG2D ligands via exosomes that down-modulate the cognate receptor expression: evidence for immunosuppressive function" 1387: 4642: 1327: 164: 879: 860: 5504: 3828: 3804: 1604:,  priming is not required, however NKG2D expression is constitutive while solely triggering NKG2D in γδ T cells does not mediate cytotoxicity. 5235: 2763:
González S, López-Soto A, Suarez-Alvarez B, López-Vázquez A, López-Larrea C (August 2008). "NKG2D ligands: key targets of the immune response".
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for NKG2D. NKG2D is thought to be important in viral control as viruses have adapted mechanisms by which to evade NKG2D responses. For example,
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Sancar A, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Unsal-Kaçmaz K, Linn S (June 2004). "Molecular mechanisms of mammalian DNA repair and the DNA damage checkpoints".
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In mice, alternative splicing generates two distinct NKG2D isoforms: the long one (NKG2D-L) and the short one (NKG2D-S). NKG2D-L binds
328: 1102: 1095: 3469:"NKG2D stimulation of CD8 T cells during priming promotes their capacity to produce cytokines in response to viral infection in mice" 5735: 3281:
Horng T, Bezbradica JS, Medzhitov R (December 2007). "NKG2D signaling is coupled to the interleukin 15 receptor signaling pathway".
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Interventions to increase senescent cell surface ligands of the Natural Killer cell receptor NKG2D have been proposed as a
63: 5675: 5147: 5142: 5087: 4821: 4270: 2524:"Alternative Splice Transcripts for MHC Class I-like MICA Encode Novel NKG2D Ligands with Agonist or Antagonist Functions" 1299: 1664: 5369: 5092: 3554:"NKG2D induces Mcl-1 expression and mediates survival of CD8 memory T cell precursors via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase" 144: 3696:"Altered NK cell development and enhanced NK cell-mediated resistance to mouse cytomegalovirus in NKG2D-deficient mice" 3063:"Targetable mechanisms driving immunoevasion of persistent senescent cells link chemotherapy-resistant cancer to aging" 4687: 1423: 1205:
from MIC and RAET1/ULBP families which appear on the surface of stressed, malignant transformed, and infected cells.
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functions as an adaptor protein and transduces the signal after the ligand binding by recruiting the p85 subunit of
5399: 3824: 2852:"Selective intracellular retention of virally induced NKG2D ligands by the human cytomegalovirus UL16 glycoprotein" 1560:
predominance of long forms of NKG2D is typical, while in activated cells there is a higher number of short forms.
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All NKG2D ligands are homologous to MHC class I molecules and are divided into two families: MIC and RAET1/ULBP.
1258: 1227: 5449: 4344: 924: 152: 2032:"The activating NKG2D receptor assembles in the membrane with two signaling dimers into a hexameric structure" 2665:"Immunological visibility: posttranscriptional regulation of human NKG2D ligands by the EGF receptor pathway" 5413: 1564: 905: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4736: 4043: 3971: 3326:"Broad tumor-associated expression and recognition by tumor-derived gamma delta T cells of MICA and MICB" 4100: 4018: 2344:
Carapito R, Bahram S (September 2015). "Genetics, genomics, and evolutionary biology of NKG2D ligands".
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Hedlund M, Stenqvist AC, Nagaeva O, Kjellberg L, Wulff M, Baranov V, Mincheva-Nilsson L (July 2009).
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Kavazović I, Lenartić M, Jelenčić V, Jurković S, Lemmermann NA, Jonjić S, et al. (July 2017).
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positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target
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Zafirova B, Mandarić S, Antulov R, Krmpotić A, Jonsson H, Yokoyama WM, et al. (August 2009).
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Welte SA, Sinzger C, Lutz SZ, Singh-Jasuja H, Sampaio KL, Eknigk U, et al. (January 2003).
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Di Santo JP (April 2006). "Natural killer cell developmental pathways: a question of balance".
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Sagiv A, Burton DG, Moshayev Z, Vadai E, Wensveen F, Ben-Dor S, et al. (February 2016).
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Vantourout P, Willcox C, Turner A, Swanson CM, Haque Y, Sobolev O, et al. (April 2014).
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Cerboni C, Fionda C, Soriani A, Zingoni A, Doria M, Cippitelli M, Santoni A (January 2014).
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Muñoz DP, Yannone SM, Daemen A, Sun Y, Vakar-Lopez F, Kawahara M, et al. (June 2019).
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similarly to human NKG2D. By contrast, NKG2D-S associates with two adaptor proteins:
1162: 599: 3453: 3310: 3232: 2885: 2166: 2122: 2016: 1973: 1870:"The role of the NKG2D immunoreceptor in immune cell activation and natural killing" 1851: 1378:. In mice, proteins from orthologous RAET1/ULBP family fall into three subfamilies: 156: 5715: 5023: 5013: 4544: 4510: 2216: 1868:
Jamieson AM, Diefenbach A, McMahon CW, Xiong N, Carlyle JR, Raulet DH (July 2002).
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Therefore, NKG2D is implicated in NK and other immune cells activation through the
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NKG2D ligand expression is regulated on multiple levels such as transcriptional,
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Raulet DH (October 2003). "Roles of the NKG2D immunoreceptor and its ligands".
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is able to activate a DNA damage response (DDR). Ligation of sensor kinases
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Groh V, Rhinehart R, Secrist H, Bauer S, Grabstein KH, Spies T (June 1999).
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genes are located within the MHC locus and are composed of seven members (
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McQueen B, Trace K, Whitman E, Bedsworth T, Barber A (March 2016).
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Sagiv A, Biran A, Yon M, Simon J, Lowe SW, Krizhanovsky V. (2013).
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is an activating receptor (transmembrane protein) belonging to the
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Granule exocytosis mediates immune surveillance of senescent cells
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Viruses, as intracellular pathogens, can induce the expression of
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complex which are responsible for subsequent downstream events.
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positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
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Huntington ND, Vosshenrich CA, Di Santo JP (September 2007).
3001:"NKG2D ligands mediate immunosurveillance of senescent cells" 2565:"Four novel ULBP splice variants are ligands for human NKG2D" 1430:
leads to activation of different checkpoint kinases, such as
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Nedellec S, Sabourin C, Bonneville M, Scotet E (July 2010).
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Raulet DH, Gasser S, Gowen BG, Deng W, Jung H (2013-01-01).
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Zafirova B, Wensveen FM, Gulin M, Polić B (November 2011).
3745:"NKG2D: A Master Regulator of Immune Cell Responsiveness" 2232:"Regulation of ligands for the NKG2D activating receptor" 2030:
Garrity D, Call ME, Feng J, Wucherpfennig KW (May 2005).
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Gasser S, Orsulic S, Brown EJ, Raulet DH (August 2005).
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present on the cell surface of tumor cells by secreting
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positive regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation
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positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process
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Houchins JP, Yabe T, McSherry C, Bach FH (April 1991).
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As part of the DNA damage response during induction of
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Liu H, Wang S, Xin J, Wang J, Yao C, Zhang Z (2019).
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negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis
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stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway
5628: 5422: 5171: 4855: 4578: 4238: 3836: 2714:"NKG2D and Its Ligands: "One for All, All for One"" 1063: 1042: 1008: 987: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1660: 1658: 1656: 735:positive regulation of interferon-gamma production 351: 250: 3051:Oncogene, 32, 1971–197, doi:10.1038/onc.2012.206 2339: 2337: 3743:Wensveen FM, Jelenčić V, Polić B (2018-03-08). 2994: 2992: 2796: 2794: 1863: 1861: 27:Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens 2087: 2085: 1686:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030149 3805: 2178: 2176: 8: 1665:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000213809 1438:, which are important for the induction of 770:defense response to Gram-positive bacterium 3812: 3798: 3790: 1394:is a stress-induced ligand often found on 820: 595: 392: 291: 188: 74: 3829:list of human clusters of differentiation 3770: 3760: 3719: 3667: 3618: 3569: 3525: 3484: 3400: 3359: 3349: 3179: 3138: 3086: 3024: 2964: 2919: 2867: 2826: 2739: 2729: 2688: 2639: 2629: 2580: 2539: 2463: 2453: 2412: 2317: 2255: 2065: 2055: 1885: 1763: 1338:produce functional transcripts. In mice, 780:natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity 3260:10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090700 2501:10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073723 795:positive regulation of apoptotic process 1652: 1354:genes, six encode functional proteins: 1277:and activates protein tyrosine kinases 755:cellular response to lipopolysaccharide 745:negative regulation of GTPase activity 29: 3108: 3106: 2897: 2895: 2248:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095951 669:integral component of plasma membrane 356: 317: 312: 255: 214: 209: 7: 2807:Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2387:Song P, Zhao Q, Zou MH (July 2020). 1744:The Journal of Experimental Medicine 2908:American Journal of Cancer Research 1525:therapy to remove senescent cells. 1060: 1039: 1005: 984: 960: 941: 915: 896: 870: 851: 574: 492: 430: 409: 25: 3115:"NKG2D and its ligands in cancer" 613:protein homodimerization activity 1189:. In humans, it is expressed by 679:external side of plasma membrane 520:extensor digitorum longus muscle 340: 333: 327: 304: 239: 232: 226: 201: 38: 3473:European Journal of Immunology 2856:European Journal of Immunology 2669:Science Translational Medicine 1510:Role in senescent cell removal 730:natural killer cell activation 659:integral component of membrane 623:MHC class Ib receptor activity 558:More reference expression data 1: 3119:Current Opinion in Immunology 2489:Annual Review of Biochemistry 1887:10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00333-3 1468:or genomic stress such as in 750:regulation of immune response 325: 224: 5837:Genes on human chromosome 12 3712:10.1016/j.immuni.2009.06.017 3113:Dhar P, Wu JD (April 2018). 2681:10.1126/scitranslmed.3007579 2631:10.1371/journal.pone.0004503 1923:10.1126/science.285.5428.727 1257:recruits the p85 subunit of 1163:C-type lectin-like receptors 3825:clusters of differentiation 3248:Annual Review of Immunology 2945:Immunology and Cell Biology 2236:Annual Review of Immunology 638:signaling receptor activity 628:MHC class I protein binding 5863: 3168:Nature Reviews. Immunology 3079:10.1172/jci.insight.124716 1946:Nature Reviews. Immunology 1595:by membrane receptors and 508:superior surface of tongue 474:mucosa of transverse colon 3217:10.1007/s00251-005-0078-x 3131:10.1016/j.coi.2018.02.004 2819:10.1007/s00018-011-0797-0 2405:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101072 1721:"Mouse PubMed Reference:" 1703:"Human PubMed Reference:" 1600:and cytolytic killing by 1488:(CMV) encodes a protein, 1414:, proliferation signals, 1141: 1136: 1132: 1125: 1109: 1090: 1067: 1046: 1035: 1012: 991: 980: 967: 963: 948: 944: 935: 922: 918: 903: 899: 890: 877: 873: 858: 854: 845: 830: 823: 819: 803: 598: 594: 582: 577: 568: 555: 504: 495: 442: 433: 403: 395: 391: 374: 361: 324: 303: 294: 290: 273: 260: 223: 200: 191: 187: 142: 139: 129: 122: 117: 82: 77: 60: 55: 50: 46: 37: 32: 3762:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00441 3571:10.4049/jimmunol.1300670 3527:10.4049/jimmunol.1000373 3402:10.4049/jimmunol.0803477 2777:10.1016/j.it.2008.04.007 2731:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00476 2569:International Immunology 2541:10.4049/jimmunol.1501416 2455:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00508 1103:Chr 6: 129.59 – 129.6 Mb 1096:Chr 12: 10.37 – 10.39 Mb 705:adaptive immune response 3749:Frontiers in Immunology 3351:10.1073/pnas.96.12.6879 2718:Frontiers in Immunology 2442:Frontiers in Immunology 2393:Ageing Research Reviews 2057:10.1073/pnas.0502439102 1587:, binding of ligand on 1476:Role in viral infection 1402:NKG2D ligand regulation 544:interventricular septum 470:upper lobe of left lung 2869:10.1002/immu.200390022 1801:10.1006/geno.1997.4721 1756:10.1084/jem.173.4.1017 1350:Among ten known human 1165:. NKG2D is encoded by 775:innate immune response 536:mesenteric lymph nodes 3558:Journal of Immunology 3514:Journal of Immunology 3486:10.1002/eji.201646805 3389:Journal of Immunology 3017:10.18632/aging.100897 2582:10.1093/intimm/dxn057 2528:Journal of Immunology 2346:Immunological Reviews 1496:Role in tumor control 1295:induced-self proteins 1203:induced-self proteins 710:immune system process 217:Chromosome 12 (human) 2957:10.1038/icb.2010.100 2765:Trends in Immunology 725:T cell costimulation 700:cell differentiation 633:carbohydrate binding 358:6 F3|6 63.44 cM 319:Chromosome 6 (mouse) 78:List of PDB id codes 51:Available structures 3342:1999PNAS...96.6879G 2622:2009PLoSO...4.4503E 2310:10.1038/nature03884 2302:2005Natur.436.1186G 2048:2005PNAS..102.7641G 1632:Natural killer cell 1516:cellular senescence 1201:. NKG2D recognizes 765:signal transduction 1836:10.1007/BF00222470 1552:are a key part of 1545:NKG2D and NK cells 1342:genes are absent. 1293:NKG2D ligands are 925:ENSMUSG00000030149 693:Biological process 652:Cellular component 606:Molecular function 5824: 5823: 3611:10.1111/imm.12563 3426:Nature Immunology 3283:Nature Immunology 2914:(10): 2064–2078. 2358:10.1111/imr.12328 2296:(7054): 1186–90. 2189:Nature Immunology 2139:Nature Immunology 2095:Nature Immunology 1989:Nature Immunology 1612:NKG2D and B cells 1579:NKG2D and T cells 1563:Interaction with 1346:RAET1/ULBP family 1326:), of which only 1261:and a complex of 1152: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1121: 1120: 1086: 1085: 1057: 1056: 1031: 1030: 1002: 1001: 976: 975: 957: 956: 931: 930: 912: 911: 886: 885: 867: 866: 815: 814: 590: 589: 586: 585: 564: 563: 551: 550: 489: 488: 387: 386: 286: 285: 181:KLRK1 - orthologs 113: 112: 109: 108: 61:Ortholog search: 16:(Redirected from 5854: 3814: 3807: 3800: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3774: 3764: 3740: 3734: 3733: 3723: 3691: 3682: 3681: 3671: 3639: 3633: 3632: 3622: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3573: 3549: 3540: 3539: 3529: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3488: 3479:(7): 1123–1135. 3464: 3458: 3457: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3404: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3363: 3353: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3183: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3142: 3110: 3101: 3100: 3090: 3058: 3052: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3028: 2996: 2987: 2986: 2968: 2940: 2934: 2933: 2923: 2899: 2890: 2889: 2871: 2847: 2841: 2840: 2830: 2798: 2789: 2788: 2760: 2754: 2753: 2743: 2733: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2692: 2675:(231): 231ra49. 2660: 2654: 2653: 2643: 2633: 2601: 2595: 2594: 2584: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2543: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2467: 2457: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2416: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2321: 2281: 2270: 2269: 2259: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2180: 2171: 2170: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2089: 2080: 2079: 2069: 2059: 2027: 2021: 2020: 1984: 1978: 1977: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1889: 1865: 1856: 1855: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1767: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1699: 1693: 1683: 1672: 1662: 1589:T cell receptors 1539:PI3K-AKT pathway 1529:NKG2D signalling 1503:metalloproteases 1420:oxidative stress 1134: 1133: 1105: 1098: 1081: 1061: 1052: 1040: 1036:RefSeq (protein) 1026: 1006: 997: 985: 961: 942: 916: 897: 871: 852: 821: 596: 575: 560: 516:plantaris muscle 500: 498:Top expressed in 493: 438: 436:Top expressed in 431: 410: 393: 383: 370: 359: 344: 337: 331: 320: 308: 292: 282: 269: 258: 243: 236: 230: 219: 205: 189: 183: 134: 127: 104: 75: 69: 48: 47: 42: 30: 21: 5862: 5861: 5857: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5624: 5418: 5167: 4851: 4574: 4234: 3832: 3818: 3788: 3742: 3741: 3737: 3693: 3692: 3685: 3660:10.1038/nm.2683 3648:Nature Medicine 3641: 3640: 3636: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3551: 3550: 3543: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3423: 3422: 3418: 3382: 3381: 3377: 3336:(12): 6879–84. 3323: 3322: 3318: 3289:(12): 1345–52. 3280: 3279: 3275: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3181:10.1038/nri2154 3161: 3160: 3156: 3112: 3111: 3104: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3046: 3042: 2998: 2997: 2990: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2901: 2900: 2893: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2813:(21): 3519–29. 2800: 2799: 2792: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2603: 2602: 2598: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2386: 2385: 2381: 2343: 2342: 2335: 2283: 2282: 2273: 2229: 2228: 2224: 2182: 2181: 2174: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2091: 2090: 2083: 2029: 2028: 2024: 1986: 1985: 1981: 1958:10.1038/nri1199 1943: 1942: 1938: 1917:(5428): 727–9. 1908: 1907: 1903: 1867: 1866: 1859: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1786: 1785: 1781: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1684: 1675: 1663: 1654: 1650: 1623: 1614: 1583:For priming of 1581: 1554:innate immunity 1547: 1531: 1512: 1498: 1486:cytomegalovirus 1478: 1462: 1404: 1396:senescent cells 1348: 1316: 1291: 1211: 1143:View/Edit Mouse 1138:View/Edit Human 1101: 1094: 1091:Location (UCSC) 1077: 1073: 1069: 1048: 1022: 1018: 1014: 993: 906:ENSG00000213809 799: 688: 684:plasma membrane 647: 618:protein binding 556: 547: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 496: 485: 480: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 434: 378: 365: 357: 347: 346: 345: 338: 318: 295:Gene location ( 277: 264: 256: 246: 245: 244: 237: 215: 192:Gene location ( 143: 130: 123: 84: 62: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5860: 5858: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5829: 5828: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5626: 5625: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5426: 5424: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5356: 5355: 5350: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5269: 5260: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5226: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5175: 5173: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4942: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4912: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4859: 4857: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4629: 4628: 4623: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4434: 4429: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4378: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4342: 4341: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4320: 4315: 4314: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4087: 4086: 4081: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3931: 3930: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3899: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3878: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3833: 3819: 3817: 3816: 3809: 3802: 3794: 3787: 3786: 3735: 3683: 3634: 3585: 3564:(3): 1307–15. 3541: 3500: 3459: 3416: 3375: 3316: 3295:10.1038/ni1524 3273: 3238: 3205:Immunogenetics 3195: 3154: 3102: 3073:(14): 124716. 3053: 3040: 2988: 2935: 2891: 2862:(1): 194–203. 2842: 2790: 2771:(8): 397–403. 2755: 2704: 2655: 2596: 2555: 2514: 2479: 2428: 2379: 2333: 2271: 2222: 2195:(12): 1150–5. 2172: 2145:(12): 1142–9. 2128: 2107:10.1038/ni1325 2081: 2042:(21): 7641–6. 2022: 1979: 1952:(10): 781–90. 1936: 1901: 1857: 1824:Immunogenetics 1814: 1779: 1750:(4): 1017–20. 1730: 1712: 1694: 1673: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1639: 1634: 1629: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1593:co-stimulation 1580: 1577: 1565:IL-15 receptor 1546: 1543: 1530: 1527: 1511: 1508: 1497: 1494: 1482:stress ligands 1477: 1474: 1461: 1458: 1403: 1400: 1347: 1344: 1315: 1312: 1290: 1287: 1210: 1207: 1199:CD8 αβ T cells 1185:and activated 1183:CD8 αβ T cells 1150: 1149: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1130: 1129: 1123: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1107: 1106: 1099: 1092: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1065: 1064: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1010: 1009: 1003: 1000: 999: 989: 988: 982: 978: 977: 974: 973: 965: 964: 958: 955: 954: 946: 945: 939: 933: 932: 929: 928: 920: 919: 913: 910: 909: 901: 900: 894: 888: 887: 884: 883: 875: 874: 868: 865: 864: 856: 855: 849: 843: 842: 837: 832: 828: 827: 817: 816: 813: 812: 801: 800: 798: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 747: 742: 737: 732: 727: 722: 717: 712: 707: 702: 696: 694: 690: 689: 687: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 655: 653: 649: 648: 646: 645: 643:kinase binding 640: 635: 630: 625: 620: 615: 609: 607: 603: 602: 592: 591: 588: 587: 584: 583: 580: 579: 572: 566: 565: 562: 561: 553: 552: 549: 548: 546: 545: 541: 537: 533: 532:corneal stroma 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 502: 501: 490: 487: 486: 484: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 440: 439: 427: 426: 418: 407: 401: 400: 397:RNA expression 389: 388: 385: 384: 376: 372: 371: 363: 360: 355: 349: 348: 339: 332: 326: 322: 321: 316: 310: 309: 301: 300: 288: 287: 284: 283: 275: 271: 270: 262: 259: 254: 248: 247: 238: 231: 225: 221: 220: 213: 207: 206: 198: 197: 185: 184: 141: 137: 136: 128: 120: 119: 115: 114: 111: 110: 107: 106: 80: 79: 71: 70: 59: 53: 52: 44: 43: 35: 34: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5859: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5633: 5631: 5627: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5425: 5421: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5170: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5031: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4618: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4466: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4424: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4346: 4343: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3993: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3936: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3925: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3815: 3810: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3706:(2): 270–82. 3705: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3638: 3635: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3605:(3): 305–20. 3604: 3600: 3596: 3589: 3586: 3581: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3460: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3438:10.1038/85321 3435: 3432:(3): 255–60. 3431: 3427: 3420: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3395:(1): 340–51. 3394: 3390: 3386: 3379: 3376: 3371: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3320: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3277: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3254:(1): 257–86. 3253: 3249: 3242: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3211:(2–3): 81–8. 3210: 3206: 3199: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3174:(9): 703–14. 3173: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3057: 3054: 3050: 3044: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3011:(2): 328–44. 3010: 3006: 3002: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2951:(3): 447–57. 2950: 2946: 2939: 2936: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2846: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2759: 2756: 2751: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2708: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2659: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2575:(8): 981–91. 2574: 2570: 2566: 2559: 2556: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2534:(3): 736–46. 2533: 2529: 2525: 2518: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2483: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2432: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2352:(1): 88–116. 2351: 2347: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2242:(1): 413–41. 2241: 2237: 2233: 2226: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2201:10.1038/ni857 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2179: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2151:10.1038/ni858 2148: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2129: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2101:(5): 524–32. 2100: 2096: 2088: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2026: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 2001:10.1038/87757 1998: 1995:(5): 443–51. 1994: 1990: 1983: 1980: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1940: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1830:(6): 455–60. 1829: 1825: 1818: 1815: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1783: 1780: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1734: 1731: 1726: 1722: 1716: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1698: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1647: 1643: 1640: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1630: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1618: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1401: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1321: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1289:NKG2D ligands 1288: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175:NK1.1 T cells 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1011: 1007: 1004: 998: 996: 990: 986: 983: 981:RefSeq (mRNA) 979: 972: 971: 966: 962: 959: 953: 952: 947: 943: 940: 938: 934: 927: 926: 921: 917: 914: 908: 907: 902: 898: 895: 893: 889: 882: 881: 876: 872: 869: 863: 862: 857: 853: 850: 848: 844: 841: 838: 836: 833: 829: 826: 822: 818: 811: 807: 802: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 697: 695: 692: 691: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 656: 654: 651: 650: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 610: 608: 605: 604: 601: 600:Gene ontology 597: 593: 581: 576: 573: 571: 567: 559: 554: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 511: 507: 506: 503: 499: 494: 491: 481: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 444: 441: 437: 432: 429: 428: 425: 423: 419: 417: 416: 412: 411: 408: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 382: 377: 373: 369: 364: 354: 350: 343: 336: 330: 323: 315: 311: 307: 302: 298: 293: 289: 281: 276: 272: 268: 263: 253: 249: 242: 235: 229: 222: 218: 212: 208: 204: 199: 195: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 138: 133: 126: 121: 116: 105: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 81: 76: 73: 72: 68: 65: 58: 54: 49: 45: 41: 36: 31: 19: 5685: 5342: 5262: 5240: 5218: 5065: 5028: 4991: 4944: 4914: 4887: 4709: 4615: 4463: 4192: 3944: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3703: 3699: 3654:(3): 422–8. 3651: 3647: 3637: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3561: 3557: 3520:(1): 55–63. 3517: 3513: 3503: 3476: 3472: 3462: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3392: 3388: 3378: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3286: 3282: 3276: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3171: 3167: 3157: 3122: 3118: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3043: 3008: 3004: 2966:10533/132162 2948: 2944: 2938: 2911: 2907: 2859: 2855: 2845: 2810: 2806: 2768: 2764: 2758: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2672: 2668: 2658: 2616:(2): e4503. 2613: 2609: 2599: 2572: 2568: 2558: 2531: 2527: 2517: 2495:(1): 39–85. 2492: 2488: 2482: 2445: 2441: 2431: 2396: 2392: 2382: 2349: 2345: 2293: 2289: 2239: 2235: 2225: 2192: 2188: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2098: 2094: 2039: 2035: 2025: 1992: 1988: 1982: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1914: 1910: 1904: 1880:(1): 19–29. 1877: 1873: 1827: 1823: 1817: 1795:(1): 16–25. 1792: 1788: 1782: 1747: 1743: 1733: 1724: 1715: 1706: 1697: 1642:Immunoevasin 1615: 1606: 1582: 1573: 1568: 1562: 1558: 1548: 1536: 1532: 1520: 1513: 1499: 1479: 1463: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1408:RNA splicing 1405: 1376:RAET1N/ULBP3 1372:RAET1L/ULBP6 1364:RAET1H/ULBP2 1360:RAET1G/ULBP5 1356:RAET1E/ULBP4 1351: 1349: 1339: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1317: 1309: 1292: 1285:signalling. 1240: 1212: 1181:, activated 1166: 1154: 1153: 1075:NP_001272947 1071:NP_001076791 1068: 1050:NP_001186734 1047: 1020:NM_001286018 1016:NM_001083322 1013: 992: 968: 949: 923: 904: 878: 859: 839: 834: 674:cell surface 420: 413: 379:129,600,827 366:129,587,286 140:External IDs 83: 3067:JCI Insight 1412:cell stress 1368:RAET1/ULBP1 1187:macrophages 540:granulocyte 512:gallbladder 478:bone marrow 466:gallbladder 446:granulocyte 278:10,391,874 265:10,372,353 118:Identifiers 5847:Immunology 5831:Categories 3827:(see also 3599:Immunology 2399:: 101072. 1692:, May 2017 1671:, May 2017 1648:References 1602:γδ T cells 1352:RAET1/ULBP 1314:MIC family 1275:ITAM motif 1195:γδ T cells 1179:γδ T cells 1161:family of 454:lymph node 424:(ortholog) 161:HomoloGene 5842:Receptors 3125:: 55–61. 2983:205150174 2374:205213312 1627:CD94/NKG2 1597:cytokines 1523:senolytic 1466:infection 1416:infection 1209:Structure 1079:NP_149069 1024:NM_033078 995:NM_007360 825:Orthologs 169:GeneCards 3821:Proteins 3781:29568297 3730:19631564 3700:Immunity 3678:22366950 3629:26661515 3580:23804716 3536:20511557 3495:28378389 3454:35460567 3446:11224526 3411:19542445 3370:10359807 3311:13356420 3303:17952078 3268:16551250 3233:20895192 3225:16470377 3190:17717540 3149:29525346 3097:31184599 3035:26878797 2975:20714339 2930:31720075 2886:20718868 2878:12594848 2837:21898152 2785:18602338 2750:29662484 2699:24718859 2650:19223974 2610:PLOS ONE 2591:18544572 2550:27342847 2509:15189136 2474:24432022 2423:32298812 2366:26284473 2328:15995699 2266:23298206 2209:12426564 2167:14901451 2159:12426565 2123:28236529 2115:16582911 2076:15894612 2017:11096566 2009:11323699 1974:18234848 1966:14523385 1931:10426993 1896:12150888 1874:Immunity 1852:27350036 1789:Genomics 1688:– 1667:– 1621:See also 1550:NK cells 1460:Function 1191:NK cells 1171:NK cells 1127:Wikidata 804:Sources: 664:membrane 482:testicle 462:appendix 5629:301–350 5423:251–300 5375:CD240CE 5172:201–250 4856:151–200 4579:101–150 3772:5852076 3755:: 441. 3721:2782462 3669:3436127 3620:4754608 3338:Bibcode 3140:6145810 3088:6675550 3026:4789586 2921:6834480 2828:3192283 2741:5890157 2724:: 476. 2690:3998197 2641:2637608 2618:Bibcode 2465:3882864 2448:: 508. 2414:7263313 2319:1352168 2298:Bibcode 2257:4244079 2217:5859797 2067:1140444 2044:Bibcode 1911:Science 1844:8436421 1809:9177771 1774:2007850 1765:2190798 1690:Ensembl 1669:Ensembl 1591:(TCR), 1585:T cells 1222:dimer. 937:UniProt 892:Ensembl 831:Species 810:QuickGO 399:pattern 257:12p13.2 157:1196250 125:Aliases 5636:CD300A 5595:CDw293 5380:CD240D 5241:CD213a 5219:CDw210 5184:CD202b 5158:CDw199 5153:CDw198 4807:CD140b 4239:51–100 3779:  3769:  3728:  3718:  3676:  3666:  3627:  3617:  3578:  3534:  3493:  3452:  3444:  3409:  3368:  3358:  3309:  3301:  3266:  3231:  3223:  3188:  3147:  3137:  3095:  3085:  3033:  3023:  2981:  2973:  2928:  2918:  2884:  2876:  2835:  2825:  2783:  2748:  2738:  2697:  2687:  2648:  2638:  2589:  2548:  2507:  2472:  2462:  2421:  2411:  2372:  2364:  2326:  2316:  2290:Nature 2264:  2254:  2215:  2207:  2165:  2157:  2121:  2113:  2074:  2064:  2015:  2007:  1972:  1964:  1929:  1894:  1850:  1842:  1807:  1772:  1762:  1470:cancer 1388:MULT-1 1386:, and 1324:MICA-G 1318:Human 1273:bears 1113:search 1111:PubMed 970:O54709 951:P26718 847:Entrez 570:BioGPS 528:spleen 524:morula 450:spleen 165:136440 149:611817 5816:CD350 5811:CD349 5806:CD344 5801:CD340 5796:CD339 5791:CD338 5786:CD337 5781:CD336 5776:CD335 5771:CD334 5766:CD333 5761:CD332 5756:CD331 5751:CD329 5746:CD328 5741:CD327 5736:CD326 5731:CD325 5726:CD324 5721:CD322 5716:CD321 5711:CD320 5706:CD318 5701:CD317 5696:CD316 5691:CD315 5686:CD314 5681:CD312 5676:CD309 5671:CD307 5666:CD306 5661:CD305 5656:CD304 5651:CD303 5646:CD302 5641:CD301 5620:CD299 5615:CD298 5610:CD297 5605:CD295 5600:CD294 5590:CD292 5585:CD290 5580:CD289 5575:CD288 5570:CD286 5565:CD284 5560:CD283 5555:CD282 5550:CD281 5545:CD280 5540:CD279 5535:CD278 5530:CD276 5525:CD275 5520:CD274 5515:CD273 5510:CD272 5505:CD271 5500:CD269 5495:CD268 5490:CD267 5485:CD266 5480:CD265 5475:CD264 5470:CD263 5465:CD262 5460:CD261 5455:CD258 5450:CD257 5445:CD256 5440:CD254 5435:CD253 5430:CD252 5414:CD249 5409:CD248 5405:CD247 5400:CD246 5395:CD244 5390:CD243 5385:CD241 5370:CD239 5365:CD238 5360:CD236 5343:CD235 5338:CD234 5333:CD233 5328:CD230 5323:CD229 5318:CD228 5313:CD227 5308:CD226 5303:CD225 5298:CD224 5293:CD223 5288:CD222 5283:CD221 5278:CD220 5263:CD218 5258:CD217 5236:CD212 5214:CD209 5209:CD208 5204:CD207 5199:CD206 5194:CD205 5189:CD204 5179:CD201 5163:CD200 5148:CD197 5143:CD196 5138:CD195 5133:CD194 5128:CD193 5123:CD192 5118:CD191 5113:CD186 5108:CD185 5103:CD184 5098:CD183 5093:CD182 5088:CD181 5083:CD180 5066:CD179 5061:CD178 5056:CD177 5051:CD174 5029:CD172 5024:CD171 5019:CD170 5014:CD169 5009:CD168 4992:CD167 4987:CD166 4982:CD164 4977:CD163 4972:CD162 4967:CD161 4962:CD160 4945:CD159 4915:CD158 4910:CD157 4888:CD156 4883:CD155 4878:CD154 4873:CD153 4868:CD152 4863:CD151 4847:CD150 4842:CD148 4837:CD147 4832:CD146 4827:CD144 4822:CD143 4817:CD142 4812:CD141 4802:CD138 4797:CD137 4792:CD136 4787:CD135 4782:CD134 4777:CD133 4772:CD132 4767:CD131 4762:CD130 4757:CD129 4752:CD127 4747:CD126 4742:CD125 4737:CD124 4732:CD123 4727:CD122 4710:CD121 4693:CD120 4688:CD119 4683:CD118 4678:CD117 4673:CD116 4668:CD115 4663:CD114 4658:CD113 4653:CD112 4648:CD111 4643:CD110 4638:CD109 4633:CD108 4616:CD107 4611:CD106 4606:CD105 4601:CD104 4596:CD103 4591:CD102 4586:CD101 4570:CD100 3450:S2CID 3361:22010 3307:S2CID 3229:S2CID 3005:Aging 2979:S2CID 2882:S2CID 2370:S2CID 2213:S2CID 2163:S2CID 2119:S2CID 2013:S2CID 1970:S2CID 1848:S2CID 1569:Klrk1 1448:Reat1 1446:s or 1392:ULBP2 1380:Rae-1 1283:Zap70 1271:DAP12 1255:DAP10 1251:DAP12 1247:DAP10 1243:DAP10 1224:DAP10 1220:DAP10 1215:DAP10 1167:KLRK1 1155:NKG2D 880:27007 861:22914 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Index

KLRK1

PDB
PDBe
RCSB
1KCG
4PDC
1HYR
1MPU
4S0U
Aliases
KLRK1
OMIM
611817
MGI
1196250
HomoloGene
136440
GeneCards
KLRK1
OMA
KLRK1 - orthologs
Human
Chromosome 12 (human)
Chr.
Chromosome 12 (human)
Chromosome 12 (human)
Genomic location for KLRK1
Genomic location for KLRK1
Band

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