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to social levels â desires to have property, gain fame and control, and eventually to possess knowledge about reality. The development of these desires is regarded as the catalyst of human development, i.e. when the desire develops, humanity comes up with a technological way to satisfy this growing desire in the form of a new and more advanced technology. The fifth, and last, level of desire to develop is the spiritual desire. The spiritual desire develops as a feeling of dissatisfaction with the fulfillments of the desires on the lower levels, and generates an existential inquiry in the person, most notably verbalized by the question, âWhat is the meaning of life?â It was, Bnei Baruch teaches, once rare, which is why Rabbi
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a superior level above our ordinary life. "If we connect correctly,â says
Laitman, âwe discover in the connections among us a special force" that we can also call God: "God is the force that humanity discovers through the right connections among people." Laitman claims that in the future, we will be able to realize Yehuda Ashlag's âaltruistic communismâ that, he insists, is âcompletely differentâ from Soviet-style communism: âWe build a balanced society where the upper force, which is the force of connection and love, is among us and connects us, and by this we will achieve complete correction.â
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recording (among them Arabic). Many Bnei Baruch students follow these lessons, and every student is free to choose his or her own study routine. Bnei Baruch also has 27 centers throughout Israel and over 150 centers worldwide, where
Laitman's students teach weekly introductory courses. In these courses, there is no separation between males and females, whereas in the daily morning and evening lessons men and women study separately, although the separation assumes different forms in different countries. As noted by Italian scholars of
281:, meaning âstraight toward the Creatorâ). As summarized by Myers, Bnei Baruch teaches that this group had âa spiritual designationâ rather than an ethnic or religious one, indicating a practice based on Abraham's method centered around the unity above the growing ego. Although Abraham gathered only a small group, his wisdom gradually conquered a significant number of followers, which developed over time and culminated in the building of
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was not a Jew but a
Babylonian. According to Laitman, in the days of Abraham the Babylonians faced a crisis of spiking egotism that separated them from each other and disintegrated their society. The quest to find the source of this social crisis, eventually led Abraham to discover the Creator (which
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Two key notions of Bnei Baruch's doctrine are correction and connection. Correction, a core concept in
Kabbalah in general, means the continuous effort of moving from hate to love, from egoism to altruism. The idea is that our world is still dominated by egotism and conflict, but we can "connect" at
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A key component in this development of the nation of Israel and humankind, Bnei Baruch maintains, is desire, which is composed of different levels. The first corresponds to the development of basic desires, such as for food, sex and shelter. The next three degrees in the development of desire refer
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Laitman conducts open daily 3:00 AM â 6:00 AM and 6:00 PMâ 8:00 PM lessons, either live (normally in Petah Tikva) or through the
Internet. The lessons are translated live into eight languages, including English, Russian, Chinese, Turkish, Italian, Japanese, as well as into seven other languages in
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of the group in various countries, that Bnei Baruch students exhibit a disturbingly intense devotion to their teacher, and on-average devote more time and resources to the movement than followers of other spiritual movements. This attitude is common among cults. Criticism is also explained by the
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As noted by
Israeli scholars, Marianna Ruah-Midbar and Adam Klin-Oron, a unique feature of the Israeli anti-cult movement is that orthodox Jews and secular critics of religion strictly cooperate in several of its organizations, so that it is difficult to disentangle strictly religious and secular
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He claims what he teaches is not a religion, but a science. Laitman's basic principle of
Kabbalah is âlove thy friend as thy selfâ as a pathway to the attainment of the Creator. Opponents claim that this view is not supported by the majority of Kabbalistic texts, both historical and contemporary.
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In order to fight an attempt by Baruch Ashlag's brother, Benjamin Shlomo Ashlag, to assert his version of their father's work in
British courts, Laitman founded Bnei Baruch ("Sons of Baruch"). Gradually, the group developed. Its internal sources report that the breakthrough came in 1997, when the
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Yehuda Ashlag passed away in 1954. After his death, his disciples divided: some followed one of his associates, Yehuda Tzvi
Brandwein (1904-1969), who had become Ashlag's brother-in-law through his second marriage. Brandwein's group is, directly or indirectly, at the origins of some contemporary
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started extending it to non-Jews as well. From the end of the 20th century, Bnei Baruch insists, the method of connection and overcoming of the ego that the movement believes was discovered in
Babylon by Abraham, and developed by Kabbalists over millennia, must spread to the masses.
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Laitman, following Yehuda Ashlag, defines as the force of love and bestowal). Abraham realized that the bust of egotism was only an opportunity for the Babylonians to unite on a higher level and discover the Creator, and began spreading this notion among the residents of Babylon.
289:. Eventually, however, the ego took over, the First and the Second Temples were destroyed, and the âJewsâ scattered among the nations. The purpose of this scattering of the Jews among the nations was to eventually bring about the reform (âcorrectionâ) of the whole world.
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Meir, Jonatan. (2007). âThe Revealers and the Revealed within the Concealed: On the Opposition to the âFollowersâ of Rabbi Yehudah Ashlag and the Dissemination of Esoteric Literature.â
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intense debate in Israel over who is "authorized" to define Kabbalah: academic scholars, Orthodox establishment people, or new, independent and unafilliated teachers such as Laitman.
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ordered to keep the Kabbalah secret. However, the more the world declined over the centuries into a spiritual crisis, the more souls with spiritual desire appeared. This was why
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According to Laitman, the small group of students that gathered around Abraham was eventually called "Israel," after their desire to cling to the Creator (from the words
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Orthodox Jews insist that Kabbalah should be taught to qualified Jews only, and regard Bnei Baruch's dissemination of the Kabbalah to non-Jews as heresy and sacrilege.
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232:. Other disciples of Yehuda Ashlag accepted the leadership of two of his four sons: Benjamin Shlomo Ashlag (1907-1991), whose group remained comparatively small, and
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regard Bnei Baruch's "pragmatic" Kabbalah as not philologically correct, nor true to the ancient sources. This criticism is mostly confined to the academic milieu.
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association founded by Michael Laitman in the early 1990s. It is estimated to have around 50,000 students in Israel, and some 150,000 around the world.
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group started offering free Kabbalah courses through the Internet and radio (television followed in 2007), and eventually moved its headquarters from
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Ruah-Midbar, Marianna, and Adam Klin-Oron. (2013). ââTell Me Who Your Enemies Areâ: Government Reports about the âCultâ Phenomenon in Israel.â
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212:. Relying on his claim that the statement âLove thy friend as thyselfâ, Yehuda Ashlag proposed a theory of "altruistic communism," a form of
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Huss, Boaz. (2007). ââAuthorizes Guardiansâ: The Polemics of Academic Scholars of Jewish Mysticism against Kabbalah Practitioners.â In
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and from Kabbalah as taught in the orthodox milieu, which explains part of the criticism. On the other hand, Italian scholar
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Myers, Jody. (2011). âKabbalah for the Gentiles: Diverse Souls and Universalism in Contemporary Kabbalah.â In
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677:âDo Not Repeat the Mistakes! Recollections of Feiga Ashlag, the Widow of the Late Rav Baruch Ashlag.â
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Introvigne, Massimo. (2017). "Pragmatic Kabbalists: Bnei Baruch and the Globalization of Kabbalah."
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787:, edited by Boaz Huss, 181â212. Beer-Sheva, Israel: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press.
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It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s content policies, particularly
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Hasidism in Israel: A History of the Hasidic Movement and Its Masters in the Holy Land
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Blau, Uri. (2012). âPay and You Will Be Saved: The Stringent Code of Kabbalah Laam.â
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of its leader, of requiring exaggerated monetary contributions of disciples, and of
248:. Through the Internet, Bnei Baruch started gathering members throughout the world.
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based on principles of altruism and different from Soviet-style, materialistic
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301:, according to Bnei Baruch, opened the study of the Kabbalah to all Jews, and
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World Religions and Spiritualities Project, Virginia Commonwealth University.
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Huss, Boaz. (2005). âAll You Need is LAV: Madonna and Postmodern Kabbalah.â
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criticism of groups labeled there as "cults." As noted by Israeli scholar
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699:. Toronto, Ontario, and Brooklyn, NY: Laitman Kabbalah Publishers.
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First, some academic scholars of the Kabbalah in the tradition of
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792:âKabbalat Kahal: How Kabbalah Changed the Life of Arkadi Duchin.â
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Kabbalah and the Spiritual Quest: The Kabbalah Center in America
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Bnei Baruch is criticized in Israel by three different groups.
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in the tradition of the Yehudah Ashlag (Hasidic rabbi). Rabbi
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829:. Toronto, Ontario and New York: Laitman Kabbalah Publishers.
766:. Toronto, Ontario and New York: Laitman Kabbalah Publishers.
681:
Bick, Abraham. (1980). âBetween the Holy Ari and Karl Marx.â
859:
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Kabbalah: Journal for the Study of Jewish Mystical Texts
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Polemical Encounters: Esoteric Discourse and Its Others
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WE: The Artist, the Kabbalist, and the CircleXperiment
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A major contributor to this article appears to have a
759:. Toronto, Ontario, and Brooklyn, NY: ARI Publishers.
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375:Michael Laitman was born in the Belarusian city of
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704:"The ASMOR Rabbi Baruch Ashlag of Blessed Memory."
750:Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion
764:The Zohar: Annotations to the Ashlag Commentary
805:. Northvale, NJ, and Jerusalem: Jason Aronson.
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8:
810:Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion
595:M. Laitman, quoted in Introvigne (2017), 15.
586:M. Laitman, quoted in Introvigne (2017), 15.
244:Bnei Brak to nearby (and more cosmopolitan)
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2374:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
785:Kabbalah and Contemporary Spiritual Revival
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622:See Blau (2012); The MERIA Center (2017).
72:Learn how and when to remove this message
2565:Jewish organizations established in 1997
921:Index of Jewish history-related articles
460:Introvigne (2016); Introvigne (2017), 9.
2570:Religious organizations based in Israel
2420:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
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196:in 1921. He wrote a commentary on the
849:(Musaf Shabat). March 31 (in Hebrew).
7:
738:, 81â103. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
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2367:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
2347:American Jewish Historical Society
331:Finally, some associated with the
224:Kabbalah movements, including the
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631:Ruah-Midbar and Klin-Oron (2013).
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827:The Kabbalist: A Cinematic Novel
180:Bnei Baruch is a group teaching
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52:. Please discuss further on the
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844:âRevelation through the Study.â
415:Introvigne (2016); Blau (2015).
2439:Relations with other religions
1:
2426:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
741:Introvigne, Massimo. (2016).
188:emigrated from Poland to the
2357:Leo Baeck Institute New York
2352:American Sephardi Federation
817:Van Leer Jerusalem Institute
1180:Constantinopolitan Karaites
721:The Jewish Quarterly Review
716:. September 15 (in Hebrew).
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2408:National Library of Israel
1049:Zionism, race and genetics
839:. February 25 (in Hebrew).
801:Rabinowicz, Tzvi. (2000).
798:. November 26 (in Hebrew).
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2362:Yeshiva University Museum
2342:Center for Jewish History
911:
825:Vinokur, Semion. (2012).
762:Laitman, Michael (2008).
649:Introvigne (2017), 31-32.
89:
954:Ancient Israel and Judah
780:. Westport, CT: Praeger.
773:16: 151â258 (in Hebrew).
685:110: 174â81 (in Hebrew).
496:The MEIDA Center (2017).
487:The MEIDA Center (2017).
335:regard Bnei Baruch as a
1330:North African Sephardim
1303:Jewish tribes of Arabia
842:Yifrah, Yehuda. (2017)
755:Komad, Zenita. (2015).
695:Bogner, Jesse. (2014).
675:Ashlag, Feiga. (2005).
364:participant observation
362:has concluded, after a
259:new religious movements
2433:Holocaust Encyclopedia
2403:Jewish Virtual Library
604:Introvigne (2017), 33.
577:Introvigne (2017), 14.
559:Myers (2011), 204-206.
541:Myers (2011), 209-210.
523:Myers (2011), 201-202.
514:Myers (2011), 200-202.
505:Introvigne (2017), 16.
469:Introvigne (2017), 16.
406:Introvigne (2017), 16.
2380:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2162:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
1347:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
1097:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
776:Myers, Jody. (2007).
697:The Egotist: A Memoir
433:Introvigne (2017), 9.
269:Laitman teaches that
170:universalist kabbalah
50:neutral point of view
959:Second Temple period
2397:Jewish Encyclopedia
2142:Hekhalot literature
1953:Religious movements
1488:Judeo-Tripolitanian
790:Niv, Yuval. (2013)
660:"www.kabbalah.info"
339:, accusing it of a
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2538:Judaism portal
2474:Jews and Halloween
2469:Jews and Christmas
1859:Rabbinic authority
1611:Judaeo-Piedmontese
1044:Xueta Christianity
949:Origins of Judaism
916:Outline of Judaism
815:The MEIDA Center,
736:Kocku von Stuckrad
709:2015-12-16 at the
613:Introvigne (2016).
568:Myers (2011), 207.
550:Myers (2011), 203.
532:Myers (2011), 203.
478:Introvigne (2016).
442:Introvigne (2016).
360:Massimo Introvigne
333:anti-cult movement
263:Massimo Introvigne
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2189:Hebrew literature
2157:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
1997:Reconstructionist
1675:Judaeo-Portuguese
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964:Synagogal Judaism
451:See Myers (2007).
424:Bick (1980), 174.
295:Simeon bar Yochai
192:in what was then
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303:Yehuda Ashlag
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287:Second Temple
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62:November 2019
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18:Kabbalah Laam
2529:
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2378:
2212:perspectives
2046:Samaritanism
2007:Neo-Hasidism
1987:Conservative
1901:Names of God
1810:
1791:
1601:Judaeo-Greek
1596:Judeo-Gascon
1535:LishĂĄn DidĂĄn
1530:Lishana Deni
1498:Judeo-Yemeni
1466:Judeo-Arabic
1340:Meshuchrarim
1259:Persian Jews
1192:Kurdish Jews
1170:Kaifeng Jews
1119:Beta Abraham
1082:Galitzianers
1037:Antisemitism
1012:Israeli Jews
997:Assimilation
847:Makor Rishon
846:
836:
826:
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795:
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777:
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749:
730:, edited by
727:
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696:
692:, August 30.
689:
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640:Huss (2007).
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383:, (nowadays
381:Soviet Union
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348:
345:brainwashing
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246:Petah Tikvah
238:
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129:Petach Tikva
125:Headquarters
68:
59:
40:
2454:Catholicism
2036:Hellenistic
1874:Eschatology
1812:Lachoudisch
1737:Lotegorisch
1715:Lachoudisch
1705:KoinĂŠ Greek
1618:Judeo-Latin
1555:Palestinian
1449:Palestinian
1298:MustaĘżravim
1224:Afghan Jews
1212:Berber Jews
1136:Bene Israel
1124:Falash Mura
1114:Beta Israel
1032:Persecution
974:Middle Ages
865:Laitman.com
732:Olav Hammer
299:Isaac Luria
230:Philip Berg
200:called the
158:Bnei Baruch
102:early 1990s
85:Bnei Baruch
2554:Categories
2449:Anabaptism
2391:Jew (word)
2258:Leadership
2071:Literature
2056:Secularism
2002:Humanistic
1869:Conversion
1839:Philosophy
1680:Judeo-Urdu
1444:Babylonian
1289:Saada Jews
1274:Adeni Jews
1067:Ashkenazim
1022:Samaritans
989:Population
944:Israelites
819:. (2017).
670:References
356:Moshe Idel
164:, Hebrew:
2511:indicate
2459:Mormonism
2444:Christian
2324:Symbolism
2312:Synagogue
2292:Mythology
2253:Education
2224:Astronomy
2207:Astrology
2024:relations
1829:Zarphatic
1777:Galitzish
1579:Yeshivish
1456:Catalanic
1419:Samaritan
1394:Ashkenazi
1375:Diasporic
1370:Languages
1315:Sephardim
1310:Romaniote
1197:Krymchaks
1131:Desi Jews
1007:Buddhists
352:Boaz Huss
279:Yashar El
218:communism
214:socialism
194:Palestine
147:.kabbalah
99:Formation
54:talk page
2560:Kabbalah
2524:Category
2494:Hinduism
2484:Buddhism
2386:Genetics
2302:Politics
2275:Marriage
2234:Holidays
2229:Calendar
2110:Rabbinic
2086:/Hebrew
2031:Haymanot
1958:Orthodox
1945:Branches
1918:Kabbalah
1913:Haskalah
1891:Holiness
1767:dialects
1747:Shassagh
1710:Krymchak
1690:Kayliùùa
1584:Yinglish
1560:Galilean
1550:Talmudic
1545:Biblical
1520:Betanure
1439:Biblical
1434:Mishnaic
1429:Medieval
1414:Tiberian
1409:Yemenite
1399:Sephardi
1335:Paradesi
1279:Ḥabbanim
1269:Teimanim
1234:Baghdadi
1207:Maghrebi
1175:Karaites
1153:GruzĂnim
1141:Kochinim
1059:Diaspora
1017:Karaites
1002:Atheists
939:Timeline
707:Archived
285:and the
252:Doctrine
182:Kabbalah
166:ק××× ×ע×
119:Kabbalah
2509:Italics
2334:Studies
2280:Divorce
2246:Kashrut
2241:Cuisine
2199:Culture
2130:Midrash
2125:Tosefta
2115:Mishnah
2103:Ketuvim
2098:Nevi'im
2061:Schisms
2051:Science
2041:Karaite
2012:Renewal
1973:Litvaks
1968:Hasidic
1923:Sefirot
1908:Halakha
1879:Messiah
1852:Mitzvah
1847:Beliefs
1801:Western
1787:Poylish
1782:Litvish
1772:Eastern
1762:Yiddish
1757:Shuadit
1742:QwareĂąa
1730:Tetuani
1725:Haketia
1700:Knaanic
1695:Kivruli
1643:Bukhori
1589:Heblish
1525:HulaulĂĄ
1515:Barzani
1471:Yahudic
1404:Mizrahi
1264:Urfalim
1219:Mizrahi
1163:Neofiti
1158:Italkim
1087:Lita'im
979:Zionism
931:History
905:Judaism
714:HaModia
690:Haaretz
385:Belarus
377:Vitebsk
271:Abraham
176:History
168:) is a
140:Website
107:Founder
2317:Hazzan
2307:Prayer
2184:Siddur
2120:Talmud
2084:Tanakh
2019:Neolog
1992:Reform
1980:Modern
1963:Haredi
1886:Ethics
1752:Shassi
1720:Ladino
1685:Karaim
1668:Juhuri
1510:Targum
1424:Signed
1389:Modern
1384:Hebrew
1352:Xuetes
1148:DĂśnmeh
1107:Yekkes
242:Haredi
206:Israel
190:Yishuv
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903:and
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796:Xnet
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2556::
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220:.
208:,
1377:)
1373:(
893:e
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131:,
75:)
69:(
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56:.
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