Kadazan-Dusun - Knowledge (XXG)

3103:/ which they shared with Northern Dusun and Ulu Sugut Dusun when they still a single group who stayed in Nunuk Ragang at the time Kadazan, Rungus, and East Dusun left. As the last group to migrate, they found out that to the east, North, south, and West of Nunuk Ragang was already populated. Eventually they choose to go westward, pass-crossed the Talantang settlement in Ranau and Tambunan, then found unpopulated places near the coast at the upper reach of Kadamaian and Tuaran rivers. There is a story of the origin of Tagahas and Tangara enmity: it is said that before Tangara moved to Penampang plain from Nunuk Ragang, they promised to mark their way so the Tagahas can follow it to join them in the next later. But the Tangara changed their marks cused the following Tagahas behind reached other places, the hilly Ulu Tuaran. So the angry Tagahas began to hate the Tangara. This story is very interesting because we can assume that the Tangara must be also Central Dusun-speaking tribe if they migrate at the same time with Central Dusun-speaking Tagahas. The Tangara eventually assimilated with the Kadazan and their dialect influenced the Kadazan, making it similar to Central Dusun. This theory explaining why Kadazan is mutually-intelligible with Central Dusun. 362:, who was a Malay to refer to the ethnic groups of inland farmers in present-day Sabah. Since most of the west coast of North Borneo was under the influence of the Sultan of Indonesia, taxes called 'Duis' (also referred to as the 'River Tax' on the area of southeast of North Borneo) were collected by the sultanate from the 'Orang Dusun', or 'Dusun people'. Hence, since 1881, after the establishment of the British North Borneo Company, the British administration categorised the linguistically similar, 12 main and 33 sub-tribes collectively as 'Dusun' though among themselves they are simply known in their own dialect as just "human" or in their Bobolian term "kadayan" or "kadazan" (in Tangaa version). The Tambanuo and Bagahak, who had converted to Islam for religious reasons, had preferred to be called "Sungei" and "Idaan" respectively although they come from the same sub-tribes. It was also suggested that "Orang Dusun" or "Dusun People" also being used as a term to refer to the forest-dwellers, and farming primitive tribes in the interior of northern Borneo. The usage of this term was then continued by the North Borneo Chartered Company and British colonial governments. 2743:

region, while Lotud, though spoken in the central part, is Bisayic in origin. Bisayic languages only partially intelligible with Dusun languages, but all Southern Dusun tribes are able to speaks Bunduliwan and today highly influenced by the standard dialect. For example, Lotud is Bisayic but now mutually-intelligible with Central Dusun due to language adoption and long period of interaction with the Central Dusun people as they live side by side for no shorter than 200 years. Gana, the language speaks by the Dusun Gana tribe is Murutic and probably a variant of Northern Murut dialect of Nabai, but now highly influenced by Dusun language which they can fluently speak. Kwijau, who native speaker live side by side with the Gana in Bingkor, Keningau, also found in Papar and Membakut where they amalgamated with Kadazan. Tatana and Bisaya are two varieties of a same language. Bisaya-Tatana language showed some similarities with Murut language, making it likely an intermediate between Dusunic and Murutic. Southern Dusun dialects spokes by approximately 30,000 Bisaya, 15,000 Tatana, 20,000 Kwijau, 10,000 Gana and 35,000 Lotud.

3040:/. However, today Rungus are related to Northern Dusun languages such as Tobilung and Kimaragang while Kadazan is highly-mutually intelligible with Central Dusun. This is because Rungus and Northern Dusun language live near to each other around Marudu Bay (Northern Dusun arrived there later when Rungus already populated the area) causing often contacts or assimilation between the two groups. Over time, Rungus and Northern Dusun languages developed similarity in accent. Another evidence of why Rungus-Northern Dusun similar in accent can be explained by Minokok-Tompizes proposed theory of origin. Minokok-Tompizes are considered a dialect of Rungus. The tribe maybe a small group of Kota Marudu Rungus who moved south to avoid violent contact with newly arrived Northern Dusun group or possibly to run from it and reached Ulu Kinabatangan. While the Rungus in the north developed similarity in accent with the Northern Dusun, Minokok-Tompizes retained their original accent. That is why Rungus and Minokok are similar in vocabulary but different in accent. 299:

approach to resolve the "Kadazan versus Dusun" conflicts that had impeded the growth and development of the Kadazandusun since "Kadazan versus Dusun" sentiments were politicised in the early 1960s. It was the best alternative generic identity as well as the most appropriate approach in resolving the "Kadazan versus Dusun" conflicts. Although this action is seen as the best alternative to resolving the ongoing "Kadazan versus Dusun" conflicts since the 1960s, its positive effect is only seen by the year 2000 to the present day when the new generation is no longer in the "Kadazan versus Dusun" feudalism mentality. The unification has since strengthened the ties and brought the Kadazandusun community together as an ethnic group towards more positive and prosperous growth in terms of urbanisation, sociocultural, economic and political development.

762:, Kadazandusun ethnic belongs to Y-DNA haplogroup of O2-P31 (O-268), which she believes plays an important role in the modern Malay genome sequence. O2-P31 is a mutation product of M214 as a maternal haplogroup with the following mutation sequences: M214> M175> P31> O2. This study was also validated by a genetic study group from National Geographic that revealed STR test results through samples taken from Kadazandusun residents of Belud City in 2011. The STR results were: DYS393: 15 DYS439: 12 DYS388: 12 DYS385a: 16 DYS19: 15 DYS389-1: 13 DYS390: 25 DYS385b: 20 DYS391: 11 DYS389-2: NaN DYS426: 11 DYS392: 13, which explains the specific composition of the Y chromosome according to the Y-DNA haplogroup of O2-P31 (O-M268). Mutation sequences for O2-P31 are shown in the Phylogenetic tree below. 1492: 332:). The derived term was speculated as a reference to townies, or communities living near shops. This has also been explained in an article by Richard Francis Tunggolou. However, there is evidence that the term has been used long before the 1950s. According to Owen Rutter (The Pagans of North Borneo, 1929, p31), "The Dusun usually describes himself generically as a tulun Tindal (landsman), or on the West Coast, particularly at Papar, as a Kadazan". Rutter started working in Sabah from 1910, and left Sabah in 1914. During this time interval, both Penampang and Papar district was yet to be developed as towns, therefore rejects the derivation theory altogether. To seek better information of the true meaning of the term "Kadazan", two high priestesses of Borneo or locally referred to as 3084:/ in their lexicons. Northern Dusun choose to settled around Kota Marudu today, where they contacted with the Rungus already settled there and developed similarity in accent with the latter. The original Northern Dusun accent may be the same with Ulu Sugut Dusun which can be proved when we look at the similarity in grammar between Kimaragang and Tinagas dialect in Kota Marudu, the only different is in accent. This is another evidence of Rungus-Northern Dusun merging theory. Talantang group migrated from Nunuk Ragang in two directions, one moved to Trusmadi and the other moved far north to Ulu Sugut. Trusmadi group further spread into Tambunan and the rest of Keningau while Ulu Sugut group further spread in Ranau, Kota Marudu and Paitan where they evolved into various sub-tribes. 1479:

traditional arts, crafts, and designs; traditional sports; traditional wears and costumes. Lately, along with the growing international cooperation of the world's indigenous peoples, indigenous knowledge, intellectual property, and traditional resource rights conservation, enhancement and protection have also become new areas of the KDCA's concern and responsibility. The KDCA fosters unity, friendship, and co-operation among the multi-racial population of Sabah through its participatory cultural programs and celebrations such as the Village, District and State levels Annual "Kaamatan Festival". It has sent Cultural Performance Troupes on goodwill tours to the other Malaysian States, to neighbouring Asian Countries, to Europe, America, Canada and New Zealand.

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Talantang group because Talantang is the largest tribes in this group which also consists of several sub-tribes such as Toriwad, Manampaka, Mukim and Pulutan. Other tribes in this group are Tinagas, Tuhawon, Gobukon, Kogosingan (Ranau and Kota Marudu sides), and Tanggal, Tilau-Ilau, and Pilantong (Paitan side). Ulu Sugut Dusun tribes also found in Tambunan and Keningau because they was the first inhabitants of the districts before moved away or assimilated by Bundu and Liwan tribes. Many Liwan speaking sub-tribes in Ranau and Tambunan such as Bira/Karanaan, Monsok, Gunah, Polupu and Kohub was originally Talantang-speaking. Ulu Sugut Dusun language is intermediate between Kimaragang and Central Dusun. 30,0000 Dusun people speaks Ulu Sugut dialect.

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themselves from the Bajau Sama lived around the lower Tempasuk river near the coast. Group who moved to Tuaran and Kiulu plain are the Bundu. Tribes who remained in the highlands are the Sinulihan and Tagahas. The Tagahas further spread to places nearer to the coast in today Telipok, Menggatal, and Inanam. In Inanam, they assimilated with remaining Tobilung who not migrated to the northern districts. Tagahas also moved to Ulu Papar areas. One group moved back inland to Tambunan, where they engaged in the bloody tribal clash with Bundu-Liwan coalition to control the Tambunan plain. Talantang tribes in Tambunan also divided in the clash; Tibabar sided with Tagahas while Bira/Karangan and Tuhawon supported the Bundu-Liwan.

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groups of Taiwan, the high frequency results of haplogroup M and low frequencies of haplogroups B, E, F and N (insignificant to represent the entire said nation) in the genetics of Kadazandusun ethnicity is enough to refute the theory of Kadazandusun ethnic origin from Taiwan. Kee Boon Pin studies also mentioned that the mtDNA of the Kadazandusun ethnic are more diverse with plenty of variability that is missing which might have depleted (through mutations) in the mtDNA of the Bunun ethnic. Genetic depletion indicates newer mutation from the maternal DNA group. Professor Hirofumi Matsumura, who studies in

1103:(made out of weaved dastar fabric). The decorations and designs of the koubasanan costume are usually varied by region. For example, the koubasanan dress design for Kadazandusun women of Penampang usually comes in a set of sleeveless blouse combined with long skirts and no hats, while the koubasanan dress design for Kadazandusun women of Papar comes in a set of long sleeves blouse combined with knee-length skirts and wore with a siung hat. There are over 40 different designs of the Koubasanan costume across Sabah that belongs to different tribes of the Kadazandusun community. 2884:

impossible that all Dusun languages developed in Nunuk Ragang because the people must be constantly contacted to each other and must using a single language for easy communication, leaving no chances for any new language to developed in that condition. In contrast, migration to different places caused less contact among the Nunuk Ragang people due to geographical distant, paved the ways to new languages to develop separately. Meanwhile, Nunuk Ragang language itself also changed over time within the group of people who stayed in Nunuk Ragang settlement.

408: 2764:: Kinabatangan Paitanic is a grouping of several mutually-intelligible Paitanic languages spoken in Kinabatangan river area across Kinabatangan and Tongod districts, namely Makiang, Sinarupa, Kolobuan, Sinabu, and Rumanau. Makiang dialect is the major language in this group as estimated native speakers of 20,000 people and their language also influenced the Subpan language. Rumanau, also known as Dusun Lobu, is the westernmost Paitanic language as it also spoken in Nunuk Ragang Ranau and Lanas Village in Keningau district. 400: 1004:

is still celebrated as an annual tradition, it is no longer celebrated for the purpose to meet the demands of the ancestral spiritual traditions and customs, but rather in honouring the customs and traditions of the ancestors. Today, Kaamatan is more symbolic as a reunion time with family and loved ones. Domestically, modern Kaamatan is celebrated as per individual personal aspiration with the option of whether or not to serve the Kadazandusun traditional food and drinks which are mostly non-halal.

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Bisayic-speaking people who migrated to Labuk-Sugut region and interacted with Paitanic people that already settled there. This people retained their Bisayic language but also adopted many words of the Paitanic people. Over time, one group of their descendants moved inland into the middle reach of Labuk River and founded the Nunuk Ragang village. In Nunuk Ragang the proto-Dusun language developed but eventually split into various languages and dialects as the result of migration.

1116:) indicating that it is time to change the dance moves. Upon hearing this chant, dancers will raise their hands to the sides of their body and in line with their chest, and move their wrists and arms up and down resembling the movement of a flying bird. There is plenty of choreography of sumazau dance, but the signature dance move of the sumazau will always be the flying bird arms movement, parallel arms swinging back and forth at the sides of the body, and the springing feet. 2701:

Penampang and Papar are generally similar with only slight differences, but the Membakut dialect is distinct as it is a Kadazanised Kwijau. Membakut also known as Kuizou (Kadazan pronunciation for Kwijau). Although Kadazan are not geographically widespread, this language is the second largest Dusunic language as it is spoken by approximately 170,000 people. Sometime Kadazan also considered as dialect of Central Dusun as it is highly mutually-intelligible with Central Dusun.

2077: 6090: 79: 6102: 419:, is a test used to explore genetic ancestry from the mother using mtDNA that is obtained from outside of a nucleus cell that isn't contaminated by the presence of Y-chromosome. According to a study published in 2014, by Kee Boon Pin on 150 volunteers from the Kadazandusun people all over the Sabah region, the Kadazandusun people belongs to 9 291:

various parties desiring a division between the Kadazan and the Dusuns once again. This action only worsened the conflict by developing the "Kadazan or Dusun identity crisis" into "Kadazan versus Dusun feud". It was also a largely successful and a precursor to the fall of the ruling political state party Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS).

1169:) and membranophones (kompang, gendang or tontog). The most common musical instruments in Kadazandusun ceremonies are gong and kulintangan. The gong beats usually varies by regions and districts, and the gong beats that is often played at the official Kaamatan celebration in KDCA is the gong beats from the Penampang district. 711:, with estimated age around 12,700 years. It is even older than most discovered ancient M7 series, and spread throughout the Southeast Asia continent creating more M7 mutation series. The mutation series products from M7b1'2'4'5'6'7'8 are present today in several ethnics including Jakun the aboriginal of 3150:

Mainstream Dusun language means the most widely spoken dialects of Dusun language in Sabah. There are two main dialect of Dusun language: Bundu and Liwan. The two dialect are the easiest to learn and understand among the tribalised Kadazan Dusun people. Usually, Kadazan Dusun people who not belong to

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is the only Dusunic language in the East Coast of Sabah. It sound to be an intermediate between Kadazan, Dusun and Rungus language. Labuk Dusun and Kinabatangan Dusun (both consist of various tribes and sub-tribes) speaks a single language known as Labuk-Kinabatangan Dusun. Other Eastern Dusun-origin

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From its inception in the early 1950s, the KDCA has focused much of its efforts on the preservation, development, enrichment, and promotion of the Kadazandusun multi-ethnic cultures. The KDCA's Triennial Delegates Conference provides a forum where the various Kadazandusun multi-ethnic representatives

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During the old days, Kaamatan was celebrated to give thanks to ancient God and rice spirits for the bountiful harvesting to ensure continuous paddy yield for the next paddy plantation season. Nowadays, the majority of the Kadazandusun people have embraced Christianity and Islam. Although the Kaamatan

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Initially, the purpose of starting the genetic haplogroup lineage was to determine the origin of the human lineage. However, the objective is yet to be verified to this day due to a lack of pure evidences that is free from contamination. The results obtained from genetic studies so far can only prove

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The Kadazan similarity with Central Dusun can be explained with two theories : 1. Like the Rungus case, Kadazan also live near the Central Dusun. Often contacts and inter-marriages make Kadazan and Dusun found the easy way to communicate. 2. Penampang Kadazan are the result of merging of three

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Wave A (Westward group) : Rungus and Kadazan was the earliest groups to migrate out from Nunuk Ragang settlement. It is possible that they initially migrated as a single group before splitting into two: Tangaa' choose to settle in the plain near the coast in Penampang while Rungus moved to Kota

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family which loosely related to Dusunic. Subpan are heavily influenced by the Makiang language. Sagamo are similar to Subpan except it was not influenced by Paitanic languages. Generally Dusun Bonggi, Dusun Subpan, Dusun Sagamo, and Dusun Begak people do not able to speaks mainstream Dusun language.

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are grouping of several related Dusunic languages in northern Sabah districts around the Marudu Bay; namely Rungus, Tobilung, Garo-Luba-Tonduk, and Kimaragang-Sonsogon-Sandayo and Minokok-Tompizos (though only found in Telupid and Tongod, are similar to Rungus). Although Gobukon, Talantang, Tinagas,

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is an annual celebration by the people of Kadazandusun in Sabah. It is a one-month celebration starting from 1 to 31 May. In modern-day of Kaamatan Festival celebration, 30 and 31 May are the climax dates for the state-level celebration that happens at the place of the yearly Kaamatan Festival host.

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Liwan is a group of Central Dusun who did not join the move to near coastal areas where they stayed in upper reach of the Kagibangan river, specifically in one of the river's tributary of the river called Tandilwan. This place located in Tambunan-Ranau border. Liwan was named after this river. This

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Sukau Paitanic consist of a single language called Abai or Sabangan, which is distinct and only partially intelligible with Paitan and Kinabatangan. This is maybe because the language was isolated with the rest of Paitanic dialect as it is surrounded by the Bulu Dupi Ida'an. Abai/Sabangan spoken by

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Bisayic languages group consist of three languages namely Bisaya-Tatana, Kwijau, and Lotud. All Bisayic tribes are Dusun people, except Bisaya. That is why Bisayic-speaking Dusun sometime called as Southern Dusun because Tatana and Kwijau are languages spoken in southern part of Sabah's West Coast

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The title "Huguan Siou" Office is an institutionalized Paramount Leadership of the Koisaan. The power and responsibility to bestow the Kadazandusun Paramount Leadership Title "Huguan Siou" rests with the KDCA, which, upon the vacancy of the Huguan Siou's Office, may hold an Extraordinary Delegate's

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spears, and a taming wood as a shield. This gruesome practice has been banned and no longer practice today. However, there is a rumour saying that primitive Kadazandusun clans living in isolation in the deep jungles are still actively practising the headhunting culture today. Yet, there has been no

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In the olden times, a Kadazandusun man's pride and power were measured by his courage and physical strength in combat, as well as the number of heads of fallen enemies that were brought home. The "rule of thumb" for headhunting practice was that the defeated enemy had to be alive during the time of

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through the sharing of Haplogroup N as the fundamental DNA. However, in his studies published in 1979, S.G. Tan did not emphasise the significant of this finding to the Out Of Taiwan theory due to the very small percentage of Haplogroup N found in the Kadazandusun test subjects that is insufficient

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There is no proper historical record that exists pertaining to the origins of the term or its originator. Between the late 1950s and early 1960s, the term "Kadazan" has always been theorised by local folks as derivatives from the word "kakadazan" which means towns, or "kadai" which means shops, the

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derived from Bundu and Liwan, the two main dialect of Central Dusun. Usually all other Kadazan Dusun tribes including Kadazan, Rungus, and Orang Sungai use either Bundu or Liwan when conversing with Central Dusun speaker. Other dialects of Central Dusun language are Tindal, Sinulihan, and Tagahas;

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family. Dusunic split into two branches, Dusun and Bisayic. Dusun branch further split into five group or dialects: Coastal Dusun, Central Dusun, Northern Dusun, Upper Sugut Dusun, and Eastern Dusun; which are mutually-intelligible among each other. Dusunic languages speaker when combined numbered

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or Talantangic are a group of Central Dusunic sub-tribes that mainly resides in the Ulu Sugut river delta around the borders of Kota Marudu, Beluran, Telupid and also Ranau in the tripoint area of the West Coast, Sandakan and also Kudat divisions, but are also found in Keningau as well as Tambunan

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According to Ken-ichi Shinoda in his study published in November 2014, the Bunun ethnic have the mtDNA of haplogroup B (41.5%), followed by F (30.3%), E (23.6%), M (3.4%) and N (1.1%). Although the Kadazandusun ethnic group shared some of maternal mtDNA haplogroups with the Bunun and Paiwan ethnic

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According to a Genome-wide SNP genotypic data studies by human genetics research team from University Malaysia Sabah (2018), the Northern Borneon Dusun (Sonsogon, Rungus, Lingkabau and Murut) are closely related to Taiwan natives (Ami, Atayal) and non–Austro-Melanesian Filipinos (Visayan, Tagalog,

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coined the new term 'Kadazandusun' to represent both the 'Orang Dusun' and 'Kadazan'. This unified term "Kadazandusun" was unanimously passed as a resolution during the 5th Kadazan Cultural Association's Delegates Conference. During the conference, it was decided that this was the best alternative

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The "Kadazan" term is used among the Tangara/Tangaa' tribe on the west coast of Sabah to refer to themselves. Non-Tangara tribes within the same dialectal and cultural continuum in the interior and eastern part of the state prefer the term "Dusun". Administratively, the Kadazans were called 'Orang

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The grouping of Dusun languages above is very important to study the waves of the out from Nunuk Ragang migration. Four types of Dusun languages indicate that there were at least four wave of the migration as each wave of migration bring new development of the Nunuk Ragang language. It seem to be

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Kadazandusuns are not monolingual, though dominated by Dusunic speaking tribes as majority (consists of approximately 170,000 Kadazan, 480,000 Dusun, 70,000 Rungus and 30,000 Bisaya); they also include Paitanic (70,000 Orang Sungai), Idaanic (3,000 Dusun Begak, 2,000 Dusun Subpan, and 1,000 Dusun

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The beheaded heads will be kept and maintained using ancient practices and rituals. One of the uses of the beheaded heads is as a housekeeper amulet or talisman. The ancient Kadazandusun people believed that every house should have its guardians. Thus, they will use the "tandahau" spirit from the

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Paitanic languages family consist of two main branches: Paitan-Kinabatangan and Sukau. Paitan-Kinabatangan are combination of two mutually-intelligible Paitan and Kinabatangan groups. Another branch Sukau Paitanic has only a single language callef Abai or Sebangan. spoken by 2,000 people in Abai

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costume, made out of black velvet fabric with various decorations using beads, flowers, coloured buttons, golden laces, linen, and unique embroidery designs. The traditional costume that is commonly commercialised as the cultural icon of the Kadazandusun people is the Koubasanan costume from the

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The age of Y-DNA haplogroup O2-P31 (O-M268) is estimated to be at around 34,100 years through conducted DNA ageing tests on the ancient human bones discovered in Niah Cave, Sarawak. The mean ages of Y-DNA haplogroups of O1a2-M50 and O2a1a-M88 are 33,103 and 28,500, respectively. From the study's

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was formed in 1963, administratively all Dusuns were referred to as Kadazans which sparked opposition from both Kadazan and Dusun sides who wanted the ethnicity term to be officialised and administrated separately. In 1985 through the KCA, the term Dusun was reintroduced after much pressure from

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is linguistic name of Kadazan language as it is a Dusunic language spoken only in the western coast of Sabah. Another name is Tangara (Dusun pronunciation) or Tangaa' (Kadazan pronunciation). Kadazan has three dialects: Penampang, Papar and Membakut, each represent the areas where they inhabit.

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The KDCA is involved in various activities related to research and documentation, preservation, development, and promotions of the Kadazandusun culture: language and literary works; Bobolians & Rinaits; traditional medicine, traditional food, and beverages; music, songs, dances, and dramas;

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The heads of the beheaded enemies were collected not only as triumph trophies but also for spiritual and traditional medicinal practices. The beheading tradition was not intended for the purpose of war alone, but rather to meet the society's cultural demands and expectations, and to fulfill the

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is a language named after the group's origin: the upper reach of Sugut river, located in area around the borders of Ranau, Beluran as well as Kota Marudu districts, which straddles the tripoint between the West Coast, Sandakan as well as Kudat Division. This group is also called Talantangic or

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The Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah (KDCA), previously known as Kadazan Cultural Association (KCA), is a non-political association of 40 indigenous ethnic communities of Sabah, registered under the Malaysian Societies Act 1966, on 29 April 1966 by the then Deputy Registrar of Societies

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that has no conclusive answer to his place of origin. Based on the mtDNA and Y-DNA studies, as well as philosophies from genetic and anthropology experts, it is plausible to conclude that Kadazandusun people are indeed the aboriginals of Sabah, and Borneo, as well as one of the leading genetic

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During this time Central Dusun also began to diverge. The group who settled at the upper reach of Kadamaian and Tuaran rivers (the Bundu) gradually moved to nearby places and further evolved to several tribes. Tribes in the Kadamaian began to call themselves as one name, Tindal to distinguish

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Sumazau dance is the traditional dance of Kadazandusun. Usually, the sumazau dance is performed by a pair of men and women dancers wearing traditional costumes. Sumazau dance is usually accompanied by the beats and rhythms of seven to eight gongs. The opening movement for sumazau dance is the

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According to the Y-DNA study by Jean A Trejaut, Estella S Poloni, and Ju-Chen Yen, the Bunun ethnic in Taiwan belongs to Y-DNA haplogroups of O1a2-M50 and O2a1a-M88. Both of these Y-DNA haplogroups are also the result of mutations of M214 as their maternal Y-DNA haplogroups with the following

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Nowadays, the umbrella term "KDMR" (an acronym for Kadazan, Dusun, Murut, and Rungus) is very popular among the younger generations of the three native groups in Sabah to differ themselves from the Malay or Muslim Bumiputra in the state. Another modification of this term is "Momogun KDMR" in

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Dusunic languages are closely related to Paitanic languages. Together they form the Greater Dusunic language family. Some Paitanic tribes such as Rumanau or Dusun Lobu (Dusunised Paitanic speaking tribe) and Tombonuo able to speaks mainstream Dusun dialect through learning and assimilation.

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However, if no leader is considered worthy of the Huguan Siou's title, the office would rather be left vacant (out of respect for the highly dignified and nearly sacred office of the Kadazandusun's Huguan Siou), until such time as a deserving Kadazandusun leader is undoubtedly established.

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KDCA has a youth and students' wing, Kadazandusun Youth Development Movement (KDYDM). The movement's main aims are to encourage more participation of the young generation in the activities of the association and be empowered in various fields so that they would be able to help develop the

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beheaded head for the purpose of protecting the house and its inhabitants from the attacks of enemies and wild animals. It is also important to place beheaded heads under the newly constructed bridge. The ancient Kadazandusuns believed that every river had a spirit of water that is called

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Wave B (Eastward group): Eastern Dusun migration. Labuk-Kinabatangan maybe the closest, if not the same, with the Nunuk Ragang language. Its similarities with Kadazan and Rungus indicates that Labuk-Kinabatangan were also one of the earliest group who leave Nunuk Ragang. At the same time

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Dusun language is Bisayic in origin (that is why Dusun and Bisayic languages are suited to be grouped together as a single languages family) but also shared many similar words with Paitanic, but Paitanic and Bisayic are not really related. Maybe anchestors of Dusun people was a group of

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tribe refused to be called neither as Kadazan, Dusun or any combination of the two. They prefer to be called "Momogun," which means "indigenous people" in Kadazan, Dusun, and Rungus because the three groups belong to the same language family that is Dusunic. Meanwhile, the Muruts and

2758:: Tombonuo, with 20,000 native speakers, is the main language in Paitan group. This language spoken by the Tombonuo tribe and sub-tribes and Orang Sungai (Muslim Tombonuo). Lingkobau is a significant variant of Tombonuo language. Paitan languages concentrated in Beluran district. 1124:

The Kadazandusun traditional music is usually orchestrated in the form of a band consist of musicians using traditional musical instruments, such as the bamboo flute, sompoton, togunggak, gong, and kulintangan. Musical instruments in Sabah are classified into Cordophones

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group expanded northward to Ranau and southward to Tambunan, moved away or assimilated Talantang tribes in the two districts, making Liwan the dominant Dusun group in there until today. The evidence of Liwan-Talantang assimilation is: while other Central Dusun apply /

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tribes: Original Kadazan (unknown name but must be the group who migrated in "Wave A" mentioned above), the Tangara and Bangkaakon. If either Tangara or Bangkaakon (or both of them) was a Central Dusun tribe/s, their dialect may had influenced the Kadazan language.

1519:

in Kadazandusun who call themselves as Dusun or Kadazan. Before the terms "Kadazan" and exonym "Dusun" coined, there is no name for the nation and every tribes and sub-tribes named after their place of origins or the name of their ancestor or their past leader.

2827:

Due to the mass migration, which happened in several waves, the Nunuk Ragang language disintegrated and split into several languages which can be distinguished into 5 main groups: Coastal Dusun, Northern Dusun, Northern Dusun, Ulu Sugut Dusun and Eastern Dusun.

786:

result, the claims related to Kadazandusun being ancient migrants from Taiwan are completely irrelevant. This is because the age of the Y-DNA haplogroup O2-P31 belong to the Kadazandusun ethnic group is older compared to the Bunun Y-DNA haplogroups in Taiwan.

2720:

Bonggi, and Tindal also spoken in northern districts, they are not included in this group because they belong to other languages group. Combined Northern Dusun speakers numbered approximately 50,000 (including Minokok). Rungus is spoken by its 70,000 people.

2892:

If Eastern Dusun is an intermediate between Kadazan, Rungus, and Dusun language ; then it maybe the closest, if not the same, with the Proto-Dusun/Nunuk Ragang language. So the development of this language can be represented by the following example:

924:, in its Roman Catholic form, rising to prominence amongst Kadazans in Penampang as well as Papar in Sabah's West Coast division as well as a large majority of Dusuns in Tambunan district. A minority are from other Christian denominations, such as 1209:

Before the mentioned handicrafts were promoted and commercialised to represent the Kadazandusun cultures, they were once tools that were used in daily lives. In fact, some of these handicrafts are still used for its original purpose to this day.

1112:

parallel swing of the arms back and forth at the sides of the body, while the feet springs and move the body from left to right. Once the opening dance moves are integrated with the gong beats and rhythms, the male dancer will chant "heeeeee!" (

963:. It revolved around the belief that spirits ruled over the planting and harvesting of rice, a profession that had been practised for generations. Special rituals would be performed before and after each harvest by a tribal priestess known as a 1278:), while the heart functions as the life source to the body. In other words, a dead heart means dead (useless) head. Shall any beheader go against this rule, the beheader will be condemned by a curse that will bring unfortunate fate upon him. 3048:

Rungus-Kadazan left Nunuk Ragang westward (Nunuk Ragang located in the centre of Sabah at the upper reach of Labuk river), Eastern Dusun anchestors go eastward. Eastern Dusun probably not much changed from the original Nunuk Ragang language.

2788:

Some Dusun tribe's language are not Dusunic. One of them, the Bonggi language even not in the sphere of Sabahan stock of Austronesian. Bonggi language, spoken by 500 Dusun Bonggi people in Banggi Islands, is a variety of Molbog language of

271:

Dusun' by the Bruneian Sultanate (or more specifically the tax-collectors). An account of this fact was written by the first census made by the North Borneo Company in Sabah, 1881. Administratively, all Kadazans were categorised as Dusuns.

3801:

Yew, Chee Wei; Hoque, Mohd Zahirul; Pugh‐Kitingan, Jacqueline; et al. (2018). "Genetic Relatedness of Indigenous Ethnic Groups in Northern Borneo to Neighboring Populations from Southeast Asia, as Inferred from Genome‐Wide SNP Data".

2734:

languages: Pingas was highly influenced by Kinabatangan Paitanic language, while Dumpas assimilated with Orang Sungai and Suluk to form a distinct language. Eastern Dusun spoken by approximately 30,000 people, including Pingas and Dumpas.

1408:

will not demolish the bridge. Beheaded heads are also used by bobohizan or bobolian for medical purposes, as well as the worship of the ancestors' spirits. The most common weapons used by the ancient headhunters of the Kadazandusun are

1546:

language) and Lahad Datu Dusuns who spoke Idaanic languages, while all Orang Sungai tribes spoke Paitanic languages. Paitanic and Dusunic languages families are closely related, together they formed Greater Dusunic languages family.

774:

mutation sequences: M214> M175> MSY2.2> M119> M50> O1a2, and M214> M175> P31> M95> M88> M111 / M88> PK4> O2a1a. Mutation sequences for O1a2-M50 and O2a1a-M88 shown in the Phylogenetic tree below.

671:

to represent the whole Kadazandusun ethnicity. S.G. Tan did state that the Kadazandusun ethnic have close genome relation to the other ethnics currently present in Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines, including the

391:. Such speculations were made from observed similarities of physical features, and cultures between the Kadazandusun and the Bunun people. However, these rumours were proven irrelevant through both mtDNA and Y-DNA studies. 1289:

will perform a ritual to speak with the spirits in the skulls, now as servants, to ask them to protect their community as they believed the deceased spirits will still remain inside the skulls. Before being placed in the

1470:

The birth of the Society of Kadazan Penampang in 1953 paved the way for the formation of the Kadazan Cultural Association Sabah (KCA) in 1963, which in turn was transformed into the present KDCA on 25 September 1991.

1177:

Kadazandusun people use natural materials as resources in producing handicrafts, including the bamboo, rattan, lias, calabash, and woods. Few of the many handicrafts that are synonym to the Kadazandusun people are

707:, stated that mtDNA sub-haplogroup M7b1'2'4'5'6'7'8 founded in majority of Kadazandusun DNA is one of the oldest mutations from M7 series from haplogroup M that was founded in ancient graveyards in the jungles of 2707:

are the largest Dusunic languages as it is spoken by approximately 300,000 Dusun people. Central Dusun native speakers concentrated in West Coast and Interior Divisions of Sabah. Kadazan Dusun standard language

3169:

Under the efforts of the Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah, combination of Bundu-Liwan dialect with some addition from Kadazan and Rungus words was coined as the standard Kadazandusun language known as

3056:

In contrast to Kadazan and Rungus; Northern Dusun, Ulu Sugut Dusun, and Central Dusun (then still a single group who stayed in Nunuk Ragang during the earlier first and second wave migration) became more

340:(Dusun) was interviewed. When the Bobolian of Dusun Lotud descent was asked on the meaning and definition of "Kadazan", her answer was, "people of the land". This definition was endorsed when Bobohizan 4222: 3633: 3154:

Liwan dialect are mostly spoken in the interior region. Eastern Dusun and some Orang Sungai tribes such as Dusun Lobu, who reside in eastern region, also use Liwan when conversing with other Dusun.

2802:

But few members who inter-married with Dusun people from the western Sabah region learned to speak it. Lahad Datu Dusun numbered around 6,000 individual (Begak 3,000, Sagamo 1,000 and 2,000 Subpan).

2112:

Sagamo), Murutic (10,000 Gana) and Palawanic (1,000 Dusun Bonggi) language families. All these languages families are Austronesian. Combined Kadazandusuns ethnic groups population numbered 840,000.

1234:(a kind of spear) are used as farming and hunting tools, as well as weapons in series of civil wars of the past, which indirectly made the Kadazandusun known as headhunters in the past. 1274:

the beheading, as it would be meaningless to behead the deceased. This is due to the traditional Kadazandusun belief that man's intelligence, spirit and courage are in his head (called

758:

DNA test (Y-DNA test) is a genealogical DNA test that is used to explore a man's patrilineal or direct father's-line ancestry. According to a study by Prof. Dr. Zafarina Zainuddin from

346:

of Kadazan Penampang descent confirmed that the Kadazan has always been used to describe the real people of the land. That substantiated Rutter's remark on Kadazan people in his book.

1578:

However, only the Kadazans and Dusun classified as a single ethnic group by the government while Rungus and Orang Sungai grouped as "Bumiputera Lain" along with Bisaya, Tidong,

3131:

Central Dusun are the largest of Dusun languages group, spoken by approximately 300,000 people, making it the mainstream Dusun language. Itself can be divided into two group:

5081: 278:) in 1960, this terminology was corrected and replaced by 'Kadazan', which was also used as the official designation of the non-Muslim natives by the first Chief Minister of 3161:

among the Kadazan Dusun people in the north and west coast region. In addition, Rungus, Kadazan, and Southern Dusun tribes speaks Bundu when conversing with Dusun people.

3076:

Later Wave (earlier group): Northern Dusun maybe migrated at the same time with Ulu Sugut Dusun group because the two group are linguistically quite similar, both apply /

4743: 778: 4337: 1491: 955:

i.e. the two-way communication between the unseen spirit world and the seen material world facilitated by the services of a category of Kadazandusun people called

666:. Kee Boon Pin studies confirmed the mtDNA studies conducted by S. G. Tan, on his claim of genetic relation between Kadazandusun to another Taiwan aboriginal, the 358:," which means "people of the land", "Dusun" means "farm/orchard" in the Malay language. It has been suggested that the term 'Orang Dusun' was a term used by the 3345:, current Deputy Minister of Science Technology and Innovation, president for United Sabah People's Party (PBRS) and current member of parliament for Pensiangan. 766: 4229: 1246:

is one of the ancient traditions practiced by the Kadazandusun community during the times of the civil wars. The Kadazandusun refer to this practice as

3073:/". Northern Dusun and Ulu Sugut eventually also left Nunuk Ragang while Central Dusun followed after several generation as the last group to migrate. 354:

One interesting fact about the Dusuns is that they do not have the word 'Dusun' in their vocabulary, and the term Dusun is an exonym. Unlike the term "

3932:"Cranio-Morphometric and aDNA Corroboration of the Austronesian Dispersal Model in Ancient Island Southeast Asia: Support from Gua Harimau, Indonesia" 1729:

are Dusun tribes mainly found in southern districts of Sabah's West Coast. All Southern Dusun tribes speak Bisayic languages, except Gana (Murutic).

4315: 4277: 315:

also refused the term, but remain their warm relationship with KDCA and responded positively in ways to unite the two largest Sabahan native groups.

795:

the human global travelling activities, but not as evidence to determine the place of origin of migrating humans. For example, the discovery of the

5902: 5074: 3989: 1763:

are a Dusun sub-ethnic group found in the Sabah's East Coast specifically in the Beluran, Telupid, Sandakan, Tongod and Kinabatangan districts.

1475:

discuss major issues affecting them and their future and take up both individual and collective stands and actions to resolve common challenges.

3738: 1356:

The head of the enemy will be kept in the victorious family home for the purpose to enslave the enemy's spirit as a housekeeping talisman/amulet

5882: 5897: 5783: 5023: 1709:

is a grouping of related Dusun tribes in the northern districts of Sabah, especially Kota Marudu and Pitas districts of the Kudat division.

5868: 4736: 4529: 1434: 1627:

Bira/Karanaan, Kuriou, Kohub, Kogibangan, Kuruli, Kawakaan, Kasapang, Kososoluon, Monsok, Montogung, Tolinting (Tambunan Liwan sub-tribes)

1450:

with the Kadazan Dusun Cultural Association (KDCA) being represented by their Deputy President, Clarance Bongkos Malakun on the far left.

3174:

Bundu-liwan selection was based on it being the most mutually intelligible dialect when conversing with other Dusun or Kadazan dialect.

1617:

are the largest group of Dusun and concentrated in West Coast, Interior as well as a part of the Kudat division (Kota Marudu district).

4254: 5067: 3087:

Later Wave (last group): Central Dusun ancestors must be moved out of Nunuk Ragang after some generation, enough time to evolve the /

933: 1294:, the heads are hung under a huge tree until only the skull remained. A huge rock will be placed under the tree. This rock is called 4370: 3024:

Marudu, and further to Kudat after the arrival of Northern Dusun tribes several generations after. Rungus and Kadazan became more "/

275: 55:

Kadazandusun priests and priestesses attires during the opening ceremony of Kaamatan 2014 at Hongkod Koisaan, the unity hall of KDCA

50: 3637: 2713:

all Bunduic or "Bundu-like." The ethnolinguistic term "Kadazan Dusun" was named after the two largest Dusunic peoples of Sabah.

257: 6127: 6036: 5028: 4729: 1542:

Linguistically, all Kadazandusun tribes (including Rungus) belong to Dusunic languages family except Dusun Bonggi (variety of

6031: 4601: 6122: 6067: 4627: 4555: 3876: 6080: 3902: 3443:, deputy chief minister of Sabah, current member of Malaysian Parliament for Keningau and state assemblyman for Tambunan. 254:

in Malaysia having been endowed with rights concerning land, rivers, education and maintaining their own customary laws.

4573: 238:

peoples. "Kadazandusun" is an umbrella term that encompasses both the Kadazan and Dusun peoples. They are also known as

6047: 4642: 3446: 1386:

The ancient Kadazandusuns believed that the strength and spirit of the beheaded enemy would be gained by the beheader

3351:, Malaysian ambassador to the Vatican from 2016 to 2018, former chief minister of Sabah and former federal minister. 5090: 4438: 929: 759: 4020:"Improved Phylogenetic Resolution and Rapid Diversification of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia" 6057: 5986: 5188: 5048: 3710: 3583: 3544: 407: 399: 3849: 3135:

Liwanic (consist of many varieties, one significant variety with high degree of distinction is Inobong Dusun)

1375:

A man must obtain at least 10 heads of the enemy clan in order to gain honour and approvals from his own clan

1317:

The three main ethnic groups in Sabah that are known for headhunting practices history are the Kadazandusun,

905:

is also practised by a growing minority, but it is the majority religion amongst the native Dusuns in Ranau.

5961: 5907: 5208: 3613: 3603: 1000:, non-halal food and beverages stalls, and handicraft arts and cultural performances in traditional houses. 777: 4698: 341: 6052: 5288: 5038: 4752: 4323: 4283: 3490: 1456: 917: 6021: 6011: 5540: 5158: 5143: 5110: 5033: 4771: 4762: 3930:

Matsumura, Hirofumi; Shinoda, Ken-ichi; Shimanjuntak, Truman; et al. (2018). Yao, Yong-Gang (ed.).

3578: 3538: 3532: 3514: 3386: 3382: 3354: 3138:

Bunduic (beside Bundu, also consist of three Bundu-like varieties namely Tindal, Sinulihan, and Tagahas)

941: 645: 462: 450: 251: 4703: 242:, meaning "indigenous people of Sabah". Kadazandusun tradition holds that they are the descendants of 6026: 6006: 5971: 5178: 5125: 5013: 4176: 3943: 3858: 3573: 3434: 3416: 3370: 3348: 913: 765: 658: 651: 638: 631: 601: 594: 580: 573: 566: 559: 552: 545: 538: 524: 517: 510: 496: 489: 482: 475: 458: 454: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 383:. Most recently, rumour has it that Kadazandusun is closely related, or might be a descendant of the 19:

This article is about Kadazandusun ethnic and society. For difference between Kadazan and Dusun, see

433:

being the highest frequency, where it represents (60/150 40%) of all maternal lineages. Followed by

6042: 5991: 5273: 5193: 5043: 3472: 3456: 3364: 3342: 3142:

All Liwanic and Bunduic varieties are generally similar with some different in lexicon and accent.

712: 98: 3535:, tribal chief of Sabah's interior division during the colonial and early nationhood eras in 1963. 5892: 5887: 5877: 5153: 3827: 3783: 3468: 295: 228: 5298: 4412: 261:

Percentage population of Kadazandusun by state constituencies in Sabah, according to 2020 census

3523:, 9th chief justice of Malaysia and the 4th chief judge of the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak. 1455:

Malaysia, J. P. Rutherford. It is headed by Huguan Siou Honorable Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima

246:. Kadazandusun is recognised as an indigenous nation of Borneo with documented heritage by the 6062: 5863: 5827: 5778: 5760: 5488: 5325: 5256: 5008: 4621: 4549: 4366: 4204: 4102: 4051: 3971: 3819: 2690: 937: 420: 416: 274:

Through the establishment of the KCA – Kadazan Cultural Association (KCA was later renamed to

134: 114: 4360: 3851:

Assessment and Analysis of Genomic Diversity and Biomarkers in Sabahan Indigenous Populations

1389:

Enemies beheading is also a way in proving the clan that a hero is worthy as a mighty warrior

6001: 5917: 5912: 5797: 5716: 5570: 5473: 5310: 5231: 5120: 4976: 4966: 4879: 4864: 4673: 4262: 4194: 4184: 4143: 4133: 4092: 4082: 4041: 4031: 3961: 3951: 3811: 3659: 3520: 3478: 3440: 925: 359: 122: 3684: 1367:

A man with no courage and bravery will be out of place in the society and end up spouseless

6094: 6016: 5995: 5980: 5976: 5749: 5743: 5699: 5664: 5585: 5468: 5283: 5241: 5198: 5173: 5018: 4946: 4941: 4904: 4884: 4847: 4647: 3529:, former deputy speaker for the Dewan Rakyat and current member of parliament for Beluran. 3502: 3360: 2694:

approximately 750,000 (170,000 Kadazan, 480,000 Dusun, 70,000 Rungus, and Bisaya 30,000).

1378:

These 10 heads are also important in convincing his clan that he is worthy as a war leader

329: 126: 1400:. The beheaded heads will be placed or hung below the bridge as a peace offering for the 988:

Today's Kaamatan celebration is very synonymous with beauty pageant competition known as

4180: 3947: 1515:

Kadazandusun is the unification term and collective name for more than 70 sub-tribes or

1266:(war) and behead their enemy's and keep their skull as trophy and for spiritual reason. 1046:(rice wine) chicken soup. Some of the well known traditional drinks of Kadazandusun are 465:(1/150 0.67%). These mtDNA Haplogroups have multiple subgroup distribution into several 6106: 5812: 5755: 5655: 5620: 5590: 5545: 5518: 5483: 5394: 5315: 5293: 5168: 5148: 4828: 4793: 4228:(in Malay and English). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. p. 107. Archived from 4199: 4164: 4097: 4070: 4046: 4019: 3966: 3931: 3608: 3526: 3496: 3462: 3407:, former first and third chief minister of Sabah and former third Sabah state governor. 3376: 2810:

Dusun languages are a group of languages with approximately 750,000 speakers in Sabah.

2798: 720: 692: 231: 190: 118: 20: 2076: 6116: 5822: 5817: 5807: 5721: 5706: 5674: 5595: 5550: 5528: 5478: 5404: 5387: 5278: 5246: 5183: 5163: 4956: 4912: 4896: 4874: 4439:"11 Things About Kaamatan and Gawai You Should Know Before Going to Sabah or Sarawak" 3508: 3410: 3404: 3392: 2888:

Eastern Dusun as intermediate between Kadazan, Rungus, and Dusun languages hypothesis

1508: 1318: 667: 307: 283: 4365:. Singapore: Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. p. 15. 4345: 4297: 4071:"Taiwan Y-Chromosomal DNA Variation and Its Relationship with Island Southeast Asia" 3014:

Proposed wave of migration out of Nunuk Ragang based on the Eastern Dusun hypothesis

2896:

Eastern Dusun and probably the proto-Dusun (original Nunuk Ragang language) :

5802: 5792: 5689: 5684: 5625: 5560: 5508: 5463: 5451: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5399: 5367: 5303: 5226: 4983: 4971: 4859: 4837: 4798: 4716: 4708: 4501: 3831: 3593: 3554: 3505:, former minister in the prime minister's Department for Sabah and Sarawak Affairs. 3484: 3450: 3357:, former deputy minister of Malaysia and former member of parliament for Penampang. 1624:

Gopu, Kapayan, Kinasaraban, Kolikuan, Koundoung, Randagong (Ranau Liwan sub-tribes)

1579: 1571: 1322: 1302:

is then used to keep count of how many heads had been hanged on the tree by making

1075:

Penampang district. The koubasanan costume from the Penampang district consists of

921: 833: 796: 755: 740: 732: 704: 688: 384: 303: 279: 243: 235: 186: 182: 146: 24: 5640: 4813: 3901:

Shinoda, Ken-ichi; Kakuda, Tsuneo; Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki; et al. (2014).

897:

The majority of the Kadazandusuns are Christians, mainly Roman Catholics and some

379:

Since the 90s, it has been said that the Kadazandusun people are descendants from

3956: 5849: 5575: 5523: 5382: 5372: 5362: 5320: 5267: 4988: 4951: 4018:

Karafet, Tatiana M.; Mendez, Fernando L.; Sudoyo, Herawati; et al. (2015).

3428: 3330: 2794: 2377:

Bisayic (Non-Nunuk Ragang Dusunic languages, sometime called as Southern Dusun)

1523:"Ethnicity" or "nation" and "people" or "man" in Dusunic languages is known as 1243: 952: 863: 728: 672: 423: 170: 154: 150: 130: 3877:"Genetic Relationship between Kadazans and Fifteen other Southeast Asian Races" 371:

Ilocano, Minanubu), rather than populations from other parts of Borneo Island.

6101: 5843: 5735: 5711: 5679: 5555: 5377: 5352: 5339: 5100: 4891: 4854: 4712: 3336: 2797:. Another languages Subpan, Sagamo and Begak in Lahad Datu district belong to 1907: 909: 898: 879: 736: 684: 312: 194: 4473: 4386: 3541:, former federal minister of Sabah and former deputy chief minister of Sabah. 1012:

A few of the most well known traditional food of the Kadazandusun people are

5951: 5565: 5535: 5059: 4189: 4138: 4121: 4087: 3548: 3422: 3398: 1504: 1496: 1443: 965: 959:. The Kadazandusun belief system centers around the spirit or entity called 744: 337: 333: 5669: 4869: 4208: 4106: 4055: 3975: 3823: 4122:"Deep Skull from Niah Cave and the Pleistocene Peopling of Southeast Asia" 4036: 2771:

2,000 people in Abai village, located in the mouth of Kinabatangan river.

1463:

Conference to specifically resolve the installation of their Huguan Siou.

5645: 4818: 4721: 3588: 1983: 1439: 978: 700: 466: 287: 248:

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

224: 84: 4148: 4069:

Trejaut, Jean A.; Poloni, Estella S.; Yen, Ju-Chen; et al. (2014).

3787: 2831:

Furthermore, these group can be categorised into four types of dialect:

5650: 5513: 5500: 5441: 5203: 4961: 4917: 4823: 4678: 4670:

Planning Kadazandusun (Sabah, Malaysia): Labels, Identity, and Language

3598: 2790: 2022: 1933: 1554: 1099:(decorated with gold lace and silver buttons) and a hat that is called 948: 724: 676: 355: 178: 3815: 2060:

Ida'an (they do not claim to be under the Kadazandusun classification)

5931: 5694: 5630: 5446: 5436: 5431: 5411: 4842: 4803: 3688: 2042: 1929: 1565: 1543: 1500: 1335:

To prove the strength of the heroes and clans over the fallen enemies

1014: 716: 708: 680: 427:(subjected to the numbers and types of samples involved in the study) 388: 247: 174: 94: 4120:

Curnoe, Darren; Datan, Ipoi; Taçon, Paul S. C.; et al. (2016).

3449:, a current member of the Malaysian Parliament for Kota Belud (half 3379:, former Malaysian cabinet minister and state assemblyman for Moyog. 1928:

district. However, their language is not Dusunic but related to the

1095:(made out of copper loops or rings fastened by strings or threads), 1091:(made out of connected silver coins, also known as the money belt), 1070:

The traditional costume of the Kadazandusun is generally called the

202:

Yearbook of Statistics: Sabah, 2002 & Sabah Statistics 2020 Data

3778:

Staal, J. (1923). "The Dusuns of North Borneo: Their Social Life".

1531:

respectively. In Paitanic languages, the word "people" is known as

5635: 5607: 5458: 5263: 5251: 5236: 4936: 4808: 3560: 1925: 1560: 1490: 1447: 1433: 1226:

is an accessory used in ceremonials and rituals. Parang/machetes,

902: 848: 406: 398: 380: 256: 220: 166: 90: 4165:"DNA Analysis of an Early Modern Human from Tianyuan Cave, China" 2637:

Initial letter inside () refer to the following ethnicity :

3990:"Kaum Dusun Sabah Bukan Berasal dari China, Tibet Maupun Taiwan" 2689:

Most of the Kadazan and Dusun tribes speaks languages belong to

5063: 4725: 3910:

Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series D

2842:/ employing lexicon: Rungus, Kadazan (extensively) and Minokok 469:

due to genome mutations for thousands of years. The Haplogroup

2071: 1281:

The Kadazandusuns keep their enemy's skulls in a house called

4163:

Fu, Qiaomei; Meyer, Matthias; Gao, Xing; et al. (2013).

3517:, former fifth State Minister of Local Government and Housing 3032:/"-preferred as alternative ways to pronounce proto-Dusun's / 1535:. So Kadazandusun people in their native languages called as 3903:"Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity of Pingpu Tribes in Taiwan" 1511:, Sabah, Malaysia. This is part of the Kadazandusun cuisine. 1314:

rock indicates that ten heads had been hanged on that tree.

776: 764: 3052:

Later waves: Northern Dusun, Ulu Sugut Dusun, Central Dusun

629:, there were only 1 subclade founded for each haplogroup: 2775:

Connection between Dusunic and Paitanic language families

1328:

There are five objectives for the headhunting practices.

306:

or Paitanic group welcomed this resolution, however, the

3739:"Origins of the Kadazan People English Literature Essay" 3065:/"-preferred as it is easier alternative to pronounce "/ 1924:

comprise only one tribe tribe native to Banggi Islands,

1353:

To cease the existence of the enemies and their families

916:

during the late 19th century, particularly the Catholic

4704:

Kadazandusun Murut Vocabulary/ Words /nouns collections

2087: 1364:

Beheading is a practice that proves courage and bravery

4693: 2879:

Development of Nunuk Ragang language through migration

6078: 2864:/ employing lexicon: Ulu Sugut Dusun, Northern Dusun 2752:

village, located in the mouth of Kinabatangan river.

3636:. Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Archived from 319:

Kadazandusun and Rungus or "Mamagun KDMR" in Murut.

5960: 5942: 5926: 5862: 5836: 5777: 5734: 5606: 5499: 5351: 5338: 5217: 5134: 5119: 5108: 5001: 4929: 4779: 4770: 2738:

Southern Dusun: Bisayic languages and Gana language

160: 140: 108: 70: 60: 4282:. IAMS 2004 Conference (Abstract). Archived from 3413:, famous Sabah tribal native chief from Keningau. 3019:Earlier waves: Kadazan, Rungus, and Eastern Dusun 1341:The head will be kept in the house of the skull ( 1270:sacrificial requirements of the ancient rituals. 4608:. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019 4536:. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019 4359:Lindsay, Jennifer; Tan, Ying Ying, eds. (2003). 4223:"2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia" 149:(Mainly Roman Catholic and Protestant) (74.8%), 4596: 4594: 4169:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1550:General classification of Kadazandusun nation: 1262:. In the past, Kadazandusun people often go to 4567: 4565: 4506:Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah (KDCA) 4502:"Traditional Costume of the Penampang Kadazan" 4279:Paper on Mission to Kadazan of Sabah, Malaysia 3664:Official Website of the Sabah State Government 3499:, former federal Cabinet minister and senator. 1910:district located in the East Coast of Sabah. 1218:are used to carry harvested crops from farms. 5075: 4737: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3395:, current member of parliament for Penampang. 8: 4672:(MA thesis). University of Hawaii at Manoa. 3843: 3841: 3634:"Demographic Statistics, First Quarter 2024" 2959:Northern Dusun & Ulu Sugut Dusun : 1585:List of Kadazandusun tribes and sub-tribes: 35: 4524: 4522: 4496: 4494: 3925: 3923: 3151:any tribe spoke mainstream Dusun language. 2784:Dusun tribes belong to non-Dusunic language 800:contributors to Southeast Asian societies. 5923: 5833: 5348: 5131: 5116: 5082: 5068: 5060: 4776: 4744: 4730: 4722: 4362:Babel or Behemoth: Language Trends in Asia 4013: 4011: 3870: 3868: 3385:, Malaysian politician and lawyer, son of 250:since 2004. Kadazandusuns are part of the 49: 34: 4677: 4643:"Huguan Siou Legacy of the Kadazandusuns" 4316:"More Foreigners In Brunei Embrace Islam" 4198: 4188: 4147: 4137: 4096: 4086: 4045: 4035: 3965: 3955: 3691:Multimedia Video & Sound Collections. 3465:, current member of parliament for Ranau. 3425:, Sabah chief minister from 2003 to 2018. 2154:Dusun languages (Nunuk Ragang languages) 1350:For small scale civil war or family feud 328:term itself is of a Tangaa' dialect (see 276:KDCA – Kadazan-Dusun Cultural Association 227:, an amalgamation of the closely related 3339:, former Malaysian and Sabah footballer. 3176: 3119:/ in their dialects, Liwan instead use / 1582:and other Sabahan natives ethnic group. 1306:(marks) on its surface. For example, 10 6085: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 3625: 3459:, former cabinet minister in the 1980s. 1430:Kadazandusun Cultural Association Sabah 4619: 4547: 4530:"Kadazan Traditional Music and Dances" 4338:"Malay Ultras Diluted Borneo Autonomy" 3687:. Discovery Channel. 2004 – via 3511:, former Sabah state cabinet minister. 3487:, former federal minister of Malaysia. 3401:, former federal minister of Malaysia. 951:was widely practiced. The religion is 908:The influence of the English-speaking 415:Maternal or Matrilineal Studies Using 4574:"The History of Borneo's Headhunters" 4255:"Assessment for Kadazans in Malaysia" 3481:, state governor of Sabah since 2011. 3419:, former fourth Sabah state governor. 3009:aro ("w" changed to "h" except Liwan) 1906:are Idaanic-speaking Dusun tribes in 1675:districts of the Interior division. 7: 3733: 3731: 3711:"A History of the Term Kadazandusun" 3437:, former sixth Sabah state governor. 1653:Tibabar (Tambunan Tagahas sub-tribe) 1650:Kionop (Ulu Papar Tagahas sub-tribe) 71:Regions with significant populations 2875:/ employing lexicon: Central Dusun 2853:/ employing lexicon: Eastern Dusun 2157:Coastal Dusun (Kadazan or Tangaa') 1647:Kadayan (Telipok-Manggatal Tagahas) 1483:Kadazandusun community in general. 1372:Self-promotion as the village head 294:In November 1989, through the KCA, 4126:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 4024:European Journal of Human Genetics 3685:"Language: Kadazandusun, Malaysia" 1682:Toriwad, Manampaka, Mukin, Pulutan 375:Origins of the Kadazandusun people 219:) are the largest ethnic group in 14: 4387:"Prefectures Apostolic of Borneo" 3547:, Malaysian singer, hailing from 3493:, former chief minister of Sabah. 1739:Kwijau/Mempakad (Keningau Kwijau) 992:, a singing competition known as 16:Ethnic-group from Sabah, Malaysia 6100: 6088: 4713:audio recordings of Tindal Dusun 3709:Luping, Herman (7 August 2016). 2075: 1426:evidence to support this claim. 1383:Promoting the bravery of a hero 77: 3557:, Malaysian singer and actress. 3296:Koilo ko mimboros do Inggilis? 284:Fuad Stephens @ Donald Stephens 4572:Bedford, Sam (25 March 2018). 3431:, former fifth Sabah governor. 3165:Standard Kadazandusun language 2717:Northern Dusun or Marudu Dusun 1644:Pahu (Kiulu Tagahas sub-tribe) 1487:Kadazandusun sub-ethnic groups 1087:comes with a waistband called 947:Before the missionaries came, 1: 4641:John Anthony (15 July 2018). 4474:"Kadazandusun Food & Art" 3293:Koiho ko moboos do Onggilis? 781:Mutasi Y-DNA O2a1a & O1a2 323:Origins of the term 'Kadazan' 5748:Peranakan Eropah (including 4276:Koepping, Elizabeth (2004). 3957:10.1371/journal.pone.0198689 3767:. London: Hutchinson and Co. 2321:Kimaragang-Sonsogon-Sandayo 2176:Central Dusun or Bunduliwan 1008:Traditional foods and drinks 4602:"The Headhunters of Borneo" 4413:"Kaamatan: Tale of Harvest" 3996:(in Malay). 25 October 2017 3447:Isnaraissah Munirah Majilis 3325:Notable Kadazandusun people 3208:Ngaran ku nopo nga i John. 2938:aro" (Rungus & Minokok) 2756:Paitan Paitanic or Tombonuo 2607:Palawanic languages familu 2409:Kuizou (Kadazan Membakut) ( 1615:Central Dusun or Bunduliwan 350:Origins of the term 'Dusun' 6144: 4668:Tangit, Trixie M. (2005). 3765:The Pagans of North Borneo 3373:, former Sabah footballer. 3333:, former cabinet minister. 3205:Ngaan ku nopo nga i John. 2969:o" ("z" pronounced as "j") 2352:Labuk-Kinabatangan Dusun ( 1198:hat, parang, paddy cutter 976: 818:Religions of Kadazandusuns 18: 5097: 5091:Ethnic groups in Malaysia 4759: 4626:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4554:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3471:, Catholic bishop of the 3363:, Catholic bishop of the 3146:Mainstream Dusun language 2747:Paitanic languages family 2573:Murutic languages family 2438:Paitanic languages family 1222:is a musical instrument. 930:Borneo Evangelical Church 888: 878: 873: 862: 857: 847: 842: 832: 827: 822: 817: 760:Universiti Sains Malaysia 417:mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 286:. When the Federation of 200: 165: 145: 113: 75: 65: 48: 5164:Negeri Sembilanese Malay 4658:– via PressReader. 4437:Petronas (29 May 2017). 3804:Annals of Human Genetics 3782:. 18/19 (4/6): 958–977. 3584:Demographics of Malaysia 2196:Inobong Dusun or Tiang ( 2146:Dusunic languages family 1745:Kuizou (Membakut Kwijau) 1557:, or Tangaa', or Tangara 1345:) of the victorious clan 769:Mutation of Y-DNA O2-P31 592:subclades founded were: 536:subclades founded were: 508:subclades founded were: 473:subclades founded were: 5232:Christmas Island Malays 4411:Estelle (29 May 2017). 4190:10.1073/pnas.1221359110 4139:10.3389/fevo.2016.00075 4088:10.1186/1471-2156-15-77 3942:(6). Article e0198689. 3604:Coastal Kadazan dialect 3304:Nombo o nontodonon nu? 3260:Pio hoogo/gatang diti? 3000:o" ("j" changed to "y") 2919:Kadazan & Rungus: 2906:o" ("z" is not pressed) 1846:Dusun Ulu Kinabatangan 1338:As war victory evidence 1173:Traditional handicrafts 685:Jakun Aboriginal Malays 93:, Federal Territory of 6128:Ethnic groups in Sabah 4753:Ethnic groups in Sabah 3848:Kee, Boon Pin (2014). 3660:"People & History" 3614:Kirama Family of Sabah 3491:Joseph Pairin Kitingan 3290:Do you speak English? 3123:/ like the Talantang. 2526:Other languages family 2416:Papar (Kwijau Papar) ( 2107:Kadazandusun languages 2084:This section is empty. 1597:Inobong Dusun or Tiang 1512: 1457:Joseph Pairin Kitingan 1451: 782: 770: 412: 404: 322: 262: 4694:KDCA Official Website 4298:"Voices of the Earth" 4037:10.1038/ejhg.2014.106 3763:Rutter, Owen (1929). 3539:Wilfred Madius Tangau 3533:Sedomon Gunsanad Kina 3252:Pounsikou/Kotoluadan 2762:Kinabatangan Paitanic 1499:been served by using 1494: 1437: 942:Seventh-day Adventism 880:No religion / Unknown 780: 768: 410: 402: 260: 161:Related ethnic groups 6123:Kadazan-Dusun people 6002:China/Taiwan Chinese 4286:on 21 November 2008. 3859:University of Malaya 3574:Austronesian peoples 3435:Mohamad Adnan Robert 3417:Mohd Hamdan Abdullah 3371:Dass Gregory Kolopis 3349:Bernard Giluk Dompok 3301:Where are you from? 2446:Paitan-Kinabatangan 2012:Kinabatangan group: 1922:Banggi Islands Dusun 1742:Papar (Papar Kwijau) 1574:, or Lobu, or Paitan 1250:and the beheader as 1238:Headhunting practice 1066:Traditional costumes 983:Harvest Festival or 957:Bobohizans/Bobolians 914:British North Borneo 349: 195:Lun Bawang/Lun Dayeh 5962:Foreign ethnicities 5345:Indigenous peoples) 4606:KadazanHomeland.com 4534:KadazanHomeland.com 4181:2013PNAS..110.2223F 3948:2018PLoSO..1398689M 3875:Tan, S. G. (1979). 3563:, Malaysian singer. 3473:Diocese of Sandakan 3453:maternal ancestry). 3365:Diocese of Keningau 3343:Arthur Joseph Kurup 3268:I don't understand 3191:What is your name? 3036:/ (unpressed) and / 2929:o" ("z" is pressed) 2614:Southern Palawanic 2160:Kadazan Penampang ( 1990:Salig Bulud Ondaras 1537:Tinaru Kadazandusun 1361:Empowering manhood 804:Culture and society 713:peninsular Malaysia 411:mtDNA haplogroup M1 366:Genetic relatedness 99:Peninsular Malaysia 45: 5903:Indians in Sarawak 5194:Terengganuan Malay 4715:are archived with 4699:Kadazandusun Forum 4235:on 11 October 2012 3469:Julius Dusin Gitom 3285:Langadon oku dika 3282:Hangadon zou diau 3263:Piro gatang diti? 3257:How much is this? 2179:Garo-Tonduk-Luba ( 1594:Penampang Kadazan 1513: 1452: 1079:worn by women and 783: 771: 413: 405: 403:mtDNA haplogroup M 263: 6076: 6075: 5938: 5937: 5858: 5857: 5828:Penangite Chinese 5773: 5772: 5730: 5729: 5334: 5333: 5189:Selangorian Malay 5154:Kelantanese Malay 5057: 5056: 5024:Malaysian Indians 5009:Malaysian Chinese 4997: 4996: 3816:10.1111/ahg.12246 3322: 3321: 3307:Honggo tadon nu? 3157:Bundu dialect is 3028:/ (pressed) and / 2691:Dusunic languages 2685:Dusunic languages 2104: 2103: 1880:Minokok-Tompizos 1120:Traditional music 1107:Traditional dance 938:True Jesus Church 918:Mill Hill mission 893: 892: 866:/ Other religions 609:. For Haplogroup 588:. The Haplogroup 532:. The Haplogroup 504:. The Haplogroup 461:(2/150 1.33) and 445:(20/150 13.33%), 441:(22/150 14.67%), 437:(26/150 17.33%), 211:(also written as 206: 205: 115:Dusunic languages 44: 6135: 6105: 6104: 6093: 6092: 6091: 6084: 5932:Peranakan Chitty 5924: 5898:Indians in Sabah 5883:Penangite Indian 5834: 5349: 5209:Sarawakian Malay 5132: 5117: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5061: 4977:Peninsula Malays 4777: 4746: 4739: 4732: 4723: 4683: 4681: 4660: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4625: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4598: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4553: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4526: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4469: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4344:. Archived from 4334: 4328: 4327: 4326:on 10 June 2011. 4322:. Archived from 4320:BruneiDirect.com 4312: 4306: 4305: 4294: 4288: 4287: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4265:on 22 June 2012. 4261:. Archived from 4251: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4234: 4227: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4202: 4192: 4175:(6): 2223–2227. 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4141: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4100: 4090: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4049: 4039: 4015: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3969: 3959: 3927: 3918: 3917: 3907: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3881: 3872: 3863: 3862: 3856: 3845: 3836: 3835: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3735: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3706: 3693: 3692: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3645: 3630: 3521:Richard Malanjum 3479:Juhar Mahiruddin 3441:Jeffrey Kitingan 3202:My name is John 3197:Isai ngaran nu? 3177: 2990:Central Dusun: 2240:Ulu Sugut Dusun 2121:language family 2099: 2096: 2086:You can help by 2079: 2072: 1904:Lahad Datu Dusun 1605:Membakut Kadazan 1242:The practice of 1042:, pork soup and 973:Harvest Festival 815: 814: 689:Dayak Kalimantan 360:Sultan of Brunei 102: 83: 81: 80: 61:Total population 53: 46: 40: 6143: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6099: 6089: 6087: 6079: 6077: 6072: 5963: 5956: 5945:(non-Peranakan) 5944: 5934: 5922: 5866: 5854: 5832: 5781: 5769: 5766:Peranakan Turki 5726: 5602: 5495: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5330: 5213: 5169:Penangite Malay 5123: 5104: 5093: 5088: 5058: 5053: 5019:Arab Malaysians 4993: 4925: 4885:Bruneian Malays 4781: 4766: 4755: 4750: 4690: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4653: 4651: 4648:The Borneo Post 4640: 4639: 4635: 4618: 4611: 4609: 4600: 4599: 4592: 4582: 4580: 4571: 4570: 4563: 4546: 4539: 4537: 4528: 4527: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4500: 4499: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4436: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4373: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4348:on 24 May 2024. 4336: 4335: 4331: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4253: 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4017: 4016: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3929: 3928: 3921: 3905: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3879: 3874: 3873: 3866: 3854: 3847: 3846: 3839: 3800: 3799: 3795: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3737: 3736: 3729: 3719: 3717: 3708: 3707: 3696: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3658: 3657: 3653: 3643: 3641: 3640:on 22 June 2024 3632: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3570: 3503:Maximus Ongkili 3383:Donald Mojuntin 3361:Cornelius Piong 3355:Clarence Mansul 3327: 3274:Au oku karati. 3241:Nonggo i Mary? 3238:Nombo zi Mary? 3235:Where is Mary? 3230:Osonong kopio. 3227:Noikot vinasi. 3219:Nunu kabar nu? 3194:Isai ngaan nu? 2947:aa" (Kadazan, / 2806:Dusun languages 2724:Ulu Sugut Dusun 2554:Subpan-Sagamo ( 2513:Abai/Sebangan ( 2285:Northern Dusun 2167:Kadazan Papar ( 2124:language group 2109: 2100: 2094: 2091: 2070: 1980: 1947: 1936:, Philippines. 1672:Ulu Sugut Dusun 1612: 1591: 1489: 1442:celebration in 1432: 1332:In a great war 1310:(marks) on the 1240: 1175: 1157:), and Idofon ( 1122: 1109: 1068: 1010: 981: 975: 895: 894: 886: 871: 855: 840: 811: 806: 792: 753: 479:7b1'2'4'5'6'7'8 457:(4/150 2.67%), 397: 377: 368: 352: 330:Tangga language 325: 268: 201: 135:Sabahan English 104: 103: 88: 87: 78: 76: 56: 39: 33: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6141: 6139: 6131: 6130: 6125: 6115: 6114: 6110: 6109: 6097: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5989: 5984: 5974: 5968: 5966: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5954: 5948: 5946: 5943:Mixed ancestry 5940: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5930: 5928: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5874: 5872: 5860: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5844:Peranakan Cina 5840: 5838: 5831: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5789: 5787: 5775: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5761:Peranakan Siam 5758: 5756:Jawi Peranakan 5753: 5746: 5744:Peranakan Arab 5740: 5738: 5732: 5731: 5728: 5727: 5725: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5661: 5660: 5659: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5623: 5612: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5580: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5533: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5505: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5493: 5492: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5375: 5370: 5359: 5357: 5346: 5336: 5335: 5332: 5331: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5316:Burmese Malays 5313: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5261: 5260: 5259: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5199:Bruneian Malay 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5179:Perlisan Malay 5176: 5174:Perakian Malay 5171: 5166: 5161: 5159:Malaccan Malay 5156: 5151: 5146: 5144:Johorean Malay 5140: 5138: 5129: 5114: 5106: 5105: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5087: 5086: 5079: 5072: 5064: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5005: 5003: 5002:Non-Bumiputera 4999: 4998: 4995: 4994: 4992: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4933: 4931: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4907: 4902: 4901:Molbog/Balabak 4899: 4894: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4835: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4796: 4785: 4783: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4760: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4749: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4689: 4688:External links 4686: 4685: 4684: 4662: 4661: 4633: 4590: 4561: 4518: 4490: 4455: 4429: 4403: 4378: 4371: 4351: 4329: 4307: 4289: 4268: 4246: 4214: 4155: 4132:. Article 75. 4112: 4081:. Article 77. 4061: 4030:(3): 369–373. 4007: 3981: 3919: 3893: 3864: 3857:(PhD thesis). 3837: 3810:(4): 216–226. 3793: 3770: 3755: 3727: 3694: 3676: 3651: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3609:Dusun language 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3569: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3542: 3536: 3530: 3527:Ronald Kiandee 3524: 3518: 3515:Peter Mojuntin 3512: 3506: 3500: 3497:Kasitah Gaddam 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3466: 3463:Jonathan Yasin 3460: 3454: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3396: 3390: 3387:Peter Mojuntin 3380: 3377:Darell Leiking 3374: 3368: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3309: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3271:Au zou kalati 3269: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3243: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3011: 3010: 3001: 2988: 2987: 2982:pronounced as 2970: 2957: 2956: 2939: 2930: 2917: 2916: 2907: 2799:Idaan language 2768:Sukau Paitanic 2682: 2681: 2675: 2674:(Orang Sungai) 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2635: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2621: 2617:Molbog-Bonggi 2605: 2604: 2603: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2591: 2571: 2570: 2569: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2559: 2552: 2545: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2497: 2490: 2483: 2476: 2466: 2465: 2464: 2457: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2414: 2407: 2397: 2396: 2395: 2388: 2380:Bisaya-Tatana 2375: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2371: 2364: 2357: 2349:Eastern Dusun 2347: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2336: 2329: 2319: 2312: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2296: 2283: 2282: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2272: 2265: 2258: 2251: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2220: 2213: 2203: 2202: 2201: 2194: 2184: 2174: 2173: 2172: 2165: 2143: 2142: 2141: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2136: 2135: 2134: 2116:Classification 2108: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2095:September 2023 2082: 2080: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2064: 2061: 2056:Ida'an group: 2054: 2053: 2052:Abai or Dewara 2046: 2045: 2038:Dumpas group: 2036: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1946: 1945:Momogun Rungus 1943: 1942: 1941: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1898: 1895: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1734: 1727:Southern Dusun 1724: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1707:Northern Dusun 1704: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1669: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1598: 1590: 1587: 1576: 1575: 1569: 1563: 1558: 1488: 1485: 1431: 1428: 1393: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1346: 1339: 1336: 1239: 1236: 1174: 1171: 1121: 1118: 1108: 1105: 1067: 1064: 1009: 1006: 985:Pesta Kaamatan 977:Main article: 974: 971: 920:, resulted in 891: 890: 887: 884: 882: 876: 875: 872: 869: 867: 860: 859: 856: 853: 851: 845: 844: 841: 838: 836: 830: 829: 826: 824: 820: 819: 813: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 791: 788: 752: 749: 396: 393: 376: 373: 367: 364: 351: 348: 343:Dousia Moujing 324: 321: 267: 264: 204: 203: 198: 197: 191:Dusun (Brunei) 163: 162: 158: 157: 143: 142: 138: 137: 111: 110: 106: 105: 73: 72: 68: 67: 66:714,000 (2024) 63: 62: 58: 57: 54: 31: 21:Kadazan people 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6140: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6096: 6086: 6082: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6007:East Timorese 6005: 6003: 6000: 5997: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5959: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5947: 5941: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5851: 5848: 5846:(Baba-Nyonya) 5845: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5780: 5776: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5616:Kadazan-Dusun 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5605: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5511: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5498: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5461: 5460: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5388:Orang Seletar 5386: 5384: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5350: 5347: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5321:Patani Malays 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5291: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5149:Kedahan Malay 5147: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5122: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5103: 5102: 5096: 5092: 5085: 5080: 5078: 5073: 5071: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4928: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4883: 4882: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4840: 4839: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4789:Kadazan-Dusun 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782:(Anak Negeri) 4778: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4764: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4742: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4724: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4666: 4665: 4650: 4649: 4644: 4637: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4551: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4456: 4444: 4440: 4433: 4430: 4418: 4417:AmazingBorneo 4414: 4407: 4404: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4379: 4374: 4372:981-04-9075-5 4368: 4364: 4363: 4355: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4308: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4272: 4269: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4247: 4231: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4210: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4159: 4156: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4116: 4113: 4108: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4014: 4012: 4008: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3982: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3904: 3897: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3860: 3853: 3852: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3771: 3766: 3759: 3756: 3744: 3740: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3716: 3715:Daily Express 3712: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3677: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3652: 3639: 3635: 3629: 3626: 3619: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3509:Peter Anthony 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3457:James Ongkili 3455: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3411:Gunsanad Kina 3409: 3406: 3405:Fuad Stephens 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3393:Ewon Benedick 3391: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3222: 3218: 3216:Onu abal nu? 3215: 3213:How are you? 3212: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3160: 3159:lingua franca 3155: 3152: 3148: 3147: 3143: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3127:Central Dusun 3124: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3008: 3007: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2993: 2992: 2991: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2921: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2811: 2808: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2735: 2732: 2731:Eastern Dusun 2728: 2725: 2721: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2706: 2705:Central Dusun 2702: 2699: 2698:Coastal Dusun 2695: 2692: 2687: 2686: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2638: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2615: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2608: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2581: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2575: 2574: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2469: 2468:Kinabatangan 2467: 2462: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2439: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2369: 2365: 2362: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2341: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2284: 2277: 2273: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2242: 2241: 2239: 2232: 2228: 2225: 2221: 2218: 2214: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2155: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2128: 2126: 2125: 2123: 2122: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2106: 2098: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2067: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2048:Sukau group: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2025:or Lanas Lobu 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2013: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1987: 1985: 1977: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1952: 1951: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1916: 1914:Subpan/Sagamo 1913: 1912: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1868: 1865: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1762: 1761:Eastern Dusun 1755: 1752: 1749: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1711: 1710: 1708: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1681: 1680: 1678: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1620: 1619: 1618: 1616: 1609: 1604: 1602:Papar Kadazan 1601: 1596: 1595: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1586: 1583: 1581: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1521: 1518: 1510: 1509:Kota Kinabalu 1506: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1458: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415:sakuit/mandau 1412: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1371: 1366: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1277: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1172: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1016: 1007: 1005: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 986: 980: 972: 970: 968: 967: 962: 958: 954: 950: 945: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 906: 904: 900: 883: 881: 877: 868: 865: 864:Folk religion 861: 852: 850: 846: 837: 835: 831: 825: 821: 816: 808: 803: 801: 798: 789: 787: 779: 775: 767: 763: 761: 757: 751:Y-DNA studies 750: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 696: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 669: 668:Paiwan people 665: 663: 661: 656: 654: 649: 648: 643: 641: 636: 634: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 606: 604: 600:(1.33%), and 599: 597: 591: 587: 585: 583: 578: 576: 571: 569: 564: 562: 557: 555: 550: 548: 543: 541: 535: 531: 529: 527: 523:(4.67%), and 522: 520: 515: 513: 507: 503: 501: 499: 495:(0.67%), and 494: 492: 487: 485: 480: 478: 472: 468: 464: 463:Haplogroup HV 460: 456: 452: 451:Haplogroup JT 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 425: 422: 418: 409: 401: 395:mtDNA studies 394: 392: 390: 386: 382: 374: 372: 365: 363: 361: 357: 347: 345: 344: 339: 336:(Kadazan) or 335: 331: 320: 316: 314: 309: 305: 300: 297: 292: 289: 285: 281: 277: 272: 265: 259: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 240:Mamasok Sabah 237: 233: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 213:Kadazan-Dusun 210: 199: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 159: 156: 152: 148: 144: 139: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 107: 100: 96: 92: 86: 74: 69: 64: 59: 52: 47: 43: 38: 37:Kadazan Dusun 30: 26: 22: 6058:Singaporeans 5964:/expatriates 5690:Orang Sungai 5615: 5227:Cocos Malays 5218: 5184:Pahang Malay 5135: 5109: 5099: 4972:Cocos Malays 4838:Orang Sungai 4788: 4761: 4717:Kaipuleohone 4709:Robert Blust 4669: 4652:. Retrieved 4646: 4636: 4610:. Retrieved 4605: 4581:. Retrieved 4577: 4538:. Retrieved 4533: 4509:. Retrieved 4505: 4481:. Retrieved 4477: 4446:. Retrieved 4442: 4432: 4420:. Retrieved 4416: 4406: 4394:. Retrieved 4390: 4381: 4361: 4354: 4346:the original 4341: 4332: 4324:the original 4319: 4310: 4301: 4292: 4284:the original 4278: 4271: 4263:the original 4258: 4249: 4237:. Retrieved 4230:the original 4217: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4149:10072/100807 4129: 4125: 4115: 4078: 4075:BMC Genetics 4074: 4064: 4027: 4023: 3998:. Retrieved 3993: 3984: 3939: 3935: 3913: 3909: 3896: 3887: 3883: 3850: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3779: 3773: 3764: 3758: 3746:. Retrieved 3743:UKEssays.com 3742: 3718:. Retrieved 3714: 3679: 3667:. Retrieved 3663: 3654: 3642:. Retrieved 3638:the original 3628: 3594:Unduk Ngadau 3555:Marsha Milan 3485:Joseph Kurup 3171: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3081: 3077: 3075: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3005: 3004: 2996: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2973: 2965: 2964: 2958: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2942: 2934: 2933: 2925: 2924: 2918: 2911: 2910: 2902: 2901: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2868: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2855: 2850: 2846: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2723: 2722: 2716: 2715: 2709: 2704: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2688: 2684: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2636: 2624: 2606: 2594: 2587: 2572: 2562: 2555: 2548: 2541: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2514: 2500: 2493: 2486: 2479: 2472: 2460: 2453: 2437: 2436: 2426: 2417: 2410: 2403: 2391: 2384: 2367: 2360: 2353: 2339: 2332: 2325: 2324:Kimaragang ( 2315: 2308: 2299: 2292: 2275: 2268: 2267:Kogosingan ( 2261: 2254: 2247: 2243:Talantangic 2230: 2223: 2216: 2209: 2197: 2190: 2180: 2168: 2161: 2145: 2144: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2092: 2088:adding to it 2083: 2055: 2047: 2037: 2019:Tampias Lobu 2011: 1981: 1978:Orang Sungai 1940:Dusun Bonggi 1932:language in 1921: 1920: 1903: 1902: 1767:Dusun Labuk 1760: 1759: 1726: 1725: 1706: 1705: 1671: 1670: 1614: 1613: 1584: 1580:Sino-natives 1577: 1572:Orang Sungai 1549: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1525:tinaru/tinau 1524: 1522: 1516: 1514: 1495:Traditional 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1453: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1404:so that the 1401: 1397: 1394: 1342: 1327: 1316: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1241: 1231: 1230:/swords and 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1176: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1137:), Erophon ( 1134: 1130: 1126: 1123: 1113: 1110: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1011: 1002: 997: 993: 990:Unduk Ngadau 989: 984: 982: 964: 960: 956: 946: 922:Christianity 910:missionaries 907: 896: 834:Christianity 797:Tianyuan man 793: 784: 772: 756:Y chromosome 754: 741:Riau Islands 705:Anthropology 697: 659: 652: 646: 639: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 602: 595: 593: 589: 581: 574: 567: 560: 553: 546: 539: 537: 533: 525: 518: 511: 509: 505: 497: 490: 483: 476: 474: 470: 459:Haplogroup F 455:Haplogroup N 453:(6/150 4%), 449:(9/150 6%), 447:Haplogroup D 443:Haplogroup B 439:Haplogroup E 435:Haplogroup R 431:Haplogroup M 426: 414: 378: 369: 353: 342: 326: 317: 304:Orang Sungai 301: 293: 280:North Borneo 273: 269: 244:Nunuk Ragang 239: 216: 212: 209:Kadazandusun 208: 207: 183:Orang Sungai 147:Christianity 117:(especially 42: 36: 32:Ethnic group 29: 25:Dusun people 5987:Bangladeshi 5850:Sino-Native 5383:Orang Kuala 5373:Orang Kanaq 5363:Proto-Malay 5289:Minangkabau 5268:Bugis-Malay 5219:Anak Dagang 5029:Indonesians 4952:Sino-Native 4679:10125/11691 4612:27 December 4583:27 December 4578:Culturetrip 4540:27 December 4511:27 December 4483:27 December 4448:27 December 4422:27 December 3890:(1): 28–33. 3748:30 November 3720:28 November 3429:Ahmad Koroh 3331:Anifah Aman 3279:I miss you 3249:Kotohuadan 3224:I am fine. 3172:Bunduliwan. 2795:Philippines 2583:Nabai-Gana 2547:Bulu Dupi ( 2459:Lingkobau ( 2246:Talantang ( 2222:Sinulihan ( 2133:sub-dialect 1971:Tangkarason 1891:Dusun Lobu 1529:tulun/tuhun 1423:tandus/adus 1244:headhunting 1167:kulintangan 953:Momolianism 934:Lutheranism 926:Anglicanism 899:Protestants 729:Philippines 715:, Dusun in 424:Haplogroups 385:Bunun tribe 171:Sino-Native 155:Momolianism 151:Sunni Islam 131:Sabah Malay 6117:Categories 6068:Vietnamese 6022:Indonesian 5908:Sri Lankan 5712:Sama-Bajau 5680:Lun Bawang 5556:Lun Bawang 5489:Semaq Beri 5378:Orang Laut 5353:Peninsular 5340:Orang Asal 5257:Mandailing 5111:Bumiputera 5101:Malaysians 5039:Pakistanis 4930:Non-native 4892:Lun Bawang 4855:Sama-Bajau 4772:Bumiputera 4391:New Advent 4302:Our Planet 3994:BorneoMail 3620:References 3579:Bumiputera 3337:Alto Linus 3246:Thank you 2710:Bunduliwan 2611:Palawanic 2530:Ida'anic 2492:Kolobuan ( 2478:Sinarupa ( 2452:Tombonuo ( 2331:Sonsogon ( 2314:Tobilung ( 2298:Gonsomon ( 1982:Paitan or 1953:Kiravangan 1908:Lahad Datu 1716:Kimaragang 1699:Tilau-Ilau 1693:Kogosingan 1679:Talantang 1667:Sinandapak 1568:or Momogun 1417:machetes, 1161:, gong or 1129:, gambus, 1127:tongkungon 1072:Koubasanan 1024:pinaasakan 961:Bambarayon 790:Conclusion 737:Kalimantan 657:(17.33%), 579:(2%), and 488:(12.67%), 252:bumiputera 229:indigenous 133:dialect), 6053:Pakistani 5952:Chindians 5927:Peranakan 5837:Peranakan 5808:Hainanese 5798:Cantonese 5763:(Sam-Sam) 5736:Peranakan 5641:Mangka'ak 5536:Orang Ulu 5474:Cheq Wong 5311:Sundanese 5279:Baweanese 5247:Banjarese 5136:Anak Jati 5034:Filipinos 4957:Banjarese 4814:Mangka'ak 4472:Crystal. 4342:GeoCities 3884:Pertanika 3780:Anthropos 3549:Penampang 3423:Musa Aman 3399:Ewon Ebin 3069:/" and "/ 2793:Islands, 2644:(Kadazan) 2580:Northern 2534:Ida'anic 2499:Rumanau ( 2471:Makiang ( 2443:Paitanic 2338:Sandayo ( 2307:Minokok ( 2274:Gobukon ( 2260:Tuhawon ( 2253:Tinagas ( 2229:Tagahas ( 2127:language 2002:Lingkobau 1999:Sonsoluon 1956:Pilapazan 1852:Mangkaak 1814:Kodundung 1811:Kavananan 1791:Sogilitan 1788:Tompulung 1785:Sungangon 1779:Dalamason 1702:Pilantong 1638:Sinulihan 1505:drink cup 1497:rice wine 1444:Penampang 1438:The 2014 1343:bangkawan 1292:bangkawan 1283:bangkawan 1260:tonggorib 1200:linggaman 1159:togunggak 1131:sundatang 1114:mamangkis 1085:Sinuangga 1083:for men. 1077:Sinuangga 966:Bobohizan 745:Indonesia 644:(0.67%), 637:(1.33%), 572:(0.67%), 565:(0.67%), 558:(3.33%), 551:(1.33%), 544:(3.33%), 467:subclades 334:Bobohizan 266:Etymology 153:(22.6%), 127:Malaysian 109:Languages 6095:Malaysia 6039:(former) 6032:Japanese 6012:Filipino 5996:Rohingya 5981:Hadhrami 5893:Malayali 5878:Gujarati 5750:Kristang 5700:Tambanuo 5646:Maragang 5469:Mah Meri 5355:Malaysia 5284:Makassar 5274:Javanese 5242:Acehnese 5049:Bengalis 5014:Timorese 4947:Butonese 4942:Javanese 4909:Bulungan 4848:Tambanuo 4819:Maragang 4622:cite web 4550:cite web 4396:15 March 4209:23341637 4107:24965575 4056:24896152 4000:15 March 3976:29933384 3936:PLOS ONE 3824:29521412 3788:40444627 3669:15 March 3589:Kaamatan 3568:See also 3183:Kadazan 3180:English 2823:Division 2668:(Idahan) 2662:(Rungus) 2656:(Bisaya) 2623:Bonggi ( 2577:Murutic 2540:Ida'an ( 2485:Sinabu ( 2402:Kwijau ( 2390:Tatana ( 2383:Bisaya ( 2366:Dumpas ( 2359:Pingas ( 2291:Rungus ( 2215:Tindal ( 2205:Bunduic 2186:Liwanic 2151:Dusunic 2130:dialect 2063:Buludupi 2034:Sinarupa 2031:Kolobuan 1986:group: 1984:Tombonuo 1965:Gonsomon 1962:Gandahon 1886:Tompizes 1866:Tindakon 1858:Kunatong 1855:Mangkaak 1832:Lolobuon 1794:Turavid 1773:Kotoring 1719:Sonsogon 1713:Tobilung 1641:Tagahas 1440:Kaamatan 1421:swords, 1321:and the 1312:sogindai 1300:sogindai 1296:sogindai 1287:bobolian 1276:tandahau 1252:pangayou 1248:mangayau 1220:Sompoton 1188:sompoton 1155:sompoton 1093:Tangkong 1089:Himpogot 1036:kinoring 994:Sugandoi 979:Kaamatan 823:Religion 809:Religion 701:Genetics 556:4b1a+207 521:1b+16261 338:Bobolian 313:Lundayeh 288:Malaysia 225:Malaysia 141:Religion 85:Malaysia 6107:Society 6081:Portals 6027:Iranian 5992:Burmese 5972:African 5888:Punjabi 5823:Henghua 5818:Foochow 5813:Teochew 5793:Hokkien 5779:Chinese 5675:Illanun 5656:Rumanau 5651:Minokok 5621:Kadazan 5591:Melanau 5582:Others 5546:Kelabit 5519:Bukitan 5514:Bidayuh 5501:Sarawak 5484:Jah Hut 5442:Mendriq 5395:Semelai 5326:Siamese 5294:Kerinci 5204:Kedayan 4962:Bidayuh 4918:Kedayan 4829:Rumanau 4824:Minokok 4794:Kadazan 4763:Sabahan 4654:15 July 4239:17 June 4200:3568306 4177:Bibcode 4098:4083334 4047:4326703 3967:6014653 3944:Bibcode 3916:: 1–12. 3832:3780230 3644:22 June 3599:Sumazau 3318:Bawang 3315:Bavang 3115:/ and / 3099:/ and / 3091:/ and / 3080:/ and / 3061:/ and / 2955:/ lost) 2951:/ and / 2871:/ and / 2860:/ and / 2849:/ and / 2838:/ and / 2791:Palawan 2680:(Murut) 2650:(Dusun) 2586:Nabai ( 2561:Begak ( 2537:Ida'an 2449:Paitan 2425:Lotud ( 2399:Kwijau 2288:Rungus 2208:Bundu ( 2189:Liwan ( 2068:History 2023:Rumanau 2016:Makiang 2008:Inokang 1996:Diripau 1993:Puawang 1950:Rungus 1934:Palawan 1894:Rumanau 1883:Minokok 1861:Porizou 1829:Longgom 1817:Kisayap 1797:Turavid 1736:Kwijau 1722:Sandayo 1696:Tanggal 1690:Tinagas 1687:Gobukon 1589:Kadazan 1555:Kadazan 1406:tambaig 1402:tambaig 1398:tambaig 1256:pangait 1224:Pinakol 1192:pinakol 1151:bungkau 1135:gagayan 1052:tumpung 1040:sinalau 1020:noonsom 949:animism 932:(SIB), 885: 870: 854: 839: 828:Percent 727:in the 725:Visayas 721:Tagalog 693:Tagalog 677:Visayan 664:(2.67%) 607:(4.67%) 586:(1.33%) 502:(3.33%) 481:(22%), 429:, with 356:Kadazan 232:Kadazan 217:Mamasok 179:Kadazan 123:Kadazan 41:Mamasok 6048:Nepali 6043:Korean 6037:Jewish 6017:Indian 5918:Telugu 5864:Indian 5722:Tidong 5707:Rungus 5695:Dumpas 5670:Ida'an 5665:Bisaya 5631:Kwijau 5596:Miriek 5586:Bisaya 5571:Sa'ban 5551:Kenyah 5529:Selako 5479:Temiar 5447:Mintil 5437:Kintaq 5432:Kensiu 5412:Semang 5405:Temuan 5343:(Other 4922:Subpan 4913:Iranun 4905:Bisaya 4897:Rungus 4875:Tidung 4870:Ida'an 4843:Dumpas 4804:Kwijau 4780:Native 4478:Padlet 4369: 4207: 4197: 4105: 4095: 4054: 4044: 3974: 3964: 3830: 3822: 3786: 3689:UNESCO 3312:River 3186:Dusun 3095:from / 2978:aro" ( 2814:Origin 2620:Molbog 2593:Gana ( 2510:Sukau 2043:Dumpas 2028:Sinabu 1959:Nulzuw 1930:Molbog 1877:Dumpas 1874:Pingas 1869:Sangau 1849:Sukang 1835:Malapi 1826:Liwogu 1823:Kirulu 1820:Kisoko 1800:Tandaa 1776:Kivulu 1770:Koroli 1756:Tatana 1753:Bisaya 1664:Tonduk 1635:Tindal 1621:Liwan 1566:Rungus 1544:Molbog 1501:bamboo 1419:gayang 1319:Rungus 1298:. The 1285:. The 1264:sangod 1232:tandus 1228:gayang 1216:barait 1204:gayang 1202:, and 1184:barait 1163:tagung 1143:turali 1139:suling 1056:lihing 1044:lihing 1015:hinava 858:22.68% 843:74.80% 731:, and 717:Brunei 709:Borneo 691:, and 681:Ifugao 650:(4%), 516:(8%), 389:Taiwan 308:Rungus 282:, Tun 175:Rungus 95:Labuan 82: 5913:Tamil 5803:Hakka 5717:Suluk 5685:Murut 5636:Lotud 5626:Dusun 5608:Sabah 5566:Punan 5561:Penan 5541:Kayan 5509:Dayak 5464:Semai 5459:Senoi 5427:Jahai 5422:Lanoh 5417:Batek 5400:Temoq 5368:Jakun 5264:Bugis 5252:Batak 5237:Chams 5121:Malay 5044:Sikhs 4984:Dayak 4967:Malay 4937:Bugis 4880:Malay 4865:Suluk 4860:Murut 4809:Lotud 4799:Dusun 4233:(PDF) 4226:(PDF) 3906:(PDF) 3880:(PDF) 3855:(PDF) 3828:S2CID 3784:JSTOR 3561:Adira 3545:Stacy 3451:Bajau 2994:"taga 2963:"taga 2932:"(ki) 2923:"taga 2900:"taga 1968:Tupak 1926:Kudat 1917:Begak 1841:Putih 1808:Bayok 1733:Lotud 1632:Bundu 1610:Dusun 1561:Dusun 1517:payat 1503:as a 1448:Sabah 1411:Ilang 1323:Murut 1308:totok 1304:totok 1212:Wakid 1196:siung 1180:wakid 1147:tuahi 1097:Gaung 1081:Gaung 1060:bahar 1048:tapai 1032:tuhau 1028:bosou 903:Islam 889:1.83% 874:0.09% 849:Islam 733:Dayak 673:Ibans 635:1a4a1 605:5b1c1 421:mtDNA 381:China 236:Dusun 221:Sabah 187:Murut 167:Dusun 119:Dusun 91:Sabah 6063:Thai 5977:Arab 5869:list 5784:list 5576:Ukit 5524:Iban 5304:Rawa 5126:list 4989:Iban 4656:2018 4628:link 4614:2019 4585:2019 4556:link 4542:2019 4513:2019 4485:2019 4450:2019 4443:Says 4424:2019 4398:2022 4367:ISBN 4241:2012 4205:PMID 4103:PMID 4052:PMID 4002:2022 3972:PMID 3820:PMID 3750:2019 3722:2019 3671:2022 3646:2024 2915:aro" 2867:4. / 2856:3. / 2845:2. / 2834:1. / 2005:Odas 1897:Lobu 1838:Pauh 1803:Tupo 1782:Sogo 1750:Gana 1661:Luba 1658:Garo 1533:lobu 1527:and 1258:and 1214:and 1101:Siga 1058:and 998:Tamu 940:and 928:and 739:and 723:and 703:and 655:9c1a 625:and 584:5a1d 542:4a1a 530:(2%) 514:1a1a 493:31a2 486:7c3c 302:The 234:and 125:), 121:and 23:and 5452:Mos 5299:Ocu 4711:'s 4674:hdl 4259:MAR 4195:PMC 4185:doi 4173:110 4144:hdl 4134:doi 4093:PMC 4083:doi 4042:PMC 4032:doi 3962:PMC 3952:doi 3812:doi 3071:ldz 3038:ldz 3003:"ki 2972:"ki 2941:"ki 2909:"ki 2903:ldz 2851:ldz 2090:. 1507:in 1254:or 1145:or 1133:or 912:in 743:of 735:in 563:4c2 549:4b1 387:in 296:PBS 215:or 6119:: 4645:. 4624:}} 4620:{{ 4604:. 4593:^ 4576:. 4564:^ 4552:}} 4548:{{ 4532:. 4521:^ 4504:. 4493:^ 4476:. 4458:^ 4441:. 4415:. 4389:. 4340:. 4318:. 4300:. 4257:. 4203:. 4193:. 4183:. 4171:. 4167:. 4142:. 4128:. 4124:. 4101:. 4091:. 4079:15 4077:. 4073:. 4050:. 4040:. 4028:23 4026:. 4022:. 4010:^ 3992:. 3970:. 3960:. 3950:. 3940:13 3938:. 3934:. 3922:^ 3914:40 3912:. 3908:. 3886:. 3882:. 3867:^ 3840:^ 3826:. 3818:. 3808:82 3806:. 3741:. 3730:^ 3713:. 3697:^ 3662:. 3093:y/ 3057:"/ 2912:vh 1539:. 1459:. 1446:, 1413:, 1325:. 1206:. 1194:, 1190:, 1186:, 1182:, 1165:, 1153:, 1149:, 1141:, 1062:. 1054:, 1050:, 1038:, 1034:, 1030:, 1026:, 1022:, 1018:, 996:, 969:. 944:. 936:, 901:. 747:. 719:, 695:. 687:, 683:, 679:, 675:, 647:JT 642:V2 621:, 619:JT 617:, 613:, 598:4s 577:5a 570:4j 500:80 223:, 193:, 189:, 185:, 181:, 177:, 173:, 169:, 97:, 6083:: 5998:) 5994:( 5983:) 5979:( 5871:) 5867:( 5786:) 5782:( 5752:) 5270:) 5266:( 5128:) 5124:( 5083:e 5076:t 5069:v 4745:e 4738:t 4731:v 4682:. 4676:: 4630:) 4616:. 4587:. 4558:) 4544:. 4515:. 4487:. 4452:. 4426:. 4400:. 4375:. 4304:. 4243:. 4211:. 4187:: 4179:: 4152:. 4146:: 4136:: 4130:4 4109:. 4085:: 4058:. 4034:: 4004:. 3978:. 3954:: 3946:: 3888:2 3861:. 3834:. 3814:: 3790:. 3752:. 3724:. 3673:. 3648:. 3551:. 3475:. 3389:. 3367:. 3121:w 3117:y 3113:h 3101:y 3097:w 3089:h 3082:j 3078:w 3067:v 3063:j 3059:w 3034:v 3030:z 3026:v 3006:h 2997:y 2986:) 2984:w 2980:v 2975:w 2966:j 2953:s 2949:r 2944:v 2935:v 2926:z 2873:y 2869:h 2862:j 2858:w 2847:v 2840:z 2836:v 2678:M 2672:S 2666:I 2660:R 2654:B 2648:D 2642:K 2627:) 2625:D 2597:) 2595:D 2590:) 2588:M 2565:) 2563:D 2558:) 2556:D 2551:) 2549:I 2544:) 2542:I 2517:) 2515:S 2503:) 2501:D 2496:) 2494:S 2489:) 2487:S 2482:) 2480:S 2475:) 2473:S 2463:) 2461:S 2456:) 2454:S 2429:) 2427:D 2420:) 2418:D 2413:) 2411:K 2406:) 2404:D 2394:) 2392:D 2387:) 2385:B 2370:) 2368:S 2363:) 2361:D 2356:) 2354:D 2342:) 2340:D 2335:) 2333:D 2328:) 2326:D 2318:) 2316:D 2311:) 2309:D 2302:) 2300:R 2295:) 2293:R 2278:) 2276:D 2271:) 2269:D 2264:) 2262:D 2257:) 2255:D 2250:) 2248:D 2233:) 2231:D 2226:) 2224:D 2219:) 2217:D 2212:) 2210:D 2200:) 2198:D 2193:) 2191:D 2183:) 2181:D 2171:) 2169:K 2164:) 2162:K 2097:) 2093:( 1125:( 662:5 660:N 653:R 640:H 633:F 627:N 623:R 615:H 611:F 603:D 596:D 590:D 582:B 575:B 568:B 561:B 554:B 547:B 540:B 534:B 528:2 526:E 519:E 512:E 506:E 498:M 491:M 484:M 477:M 471:M 129:( 101:) 89:( 27:.

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