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indicative of passage through life. After circumambulation, the exit is through a pit or another narrow passage symbolic of death. The entry point for this passage is called the Gate of Death (Tamil: இறப்பு வாசல்). It is believed that making the circumambulation round the various deities would usher the same blessings as visiting paradise. When one completes circumambulation, crawling and coming out of the passage indicates coming out of their mother's womb and also explains Hindus' belief of rebirth. Hence, the exit is called the Gate of Birth (Tamil: பிறப்பு வாசல்). There is another belief that by completing this circumambulatory passage, the cycle of rebirth is broken and one attains Moksha. The passage explains the life cycle including aging process, death and rebirth.
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at the center of the complex. The vimana of the temple, above the main shrine (sanctum sanctorum), is square in plan and rises up in a pyramidal shape. The tower has many levels rising proportionately.At the top of this tower, there is a small roof in the shape of a dome. The pillar elements with
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in Tamil Nadu. This is found in the inner walls of the courtyard cells. The murals are in a style that is also found in the Ajanta Caves, as well as in the historic paintings in the 8th-century
Vaikunthaperumal temple, also in Kanchipuram. The temple walls have many inscriptions in early scripts,
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A circumambulatory passage, with a symbolic meaning is situated along the compound wall. In order to make the circumambulation, there is a narrow entry passage which devotees must crawl through. Seven steps must be climbed in order to reach the passage. Passing through the narrow passage is
956:(apsidal) styles. Eight small shrines also decorate the entrance wall. The 58 small shrines are built into the niches of the compound wall that encloses the main shrine; they depict Somaskanada reliefs of Shiva and his consort
335:. Its location, demarcated according to the religious faiths, is in one of two "Kanchis", the Shiva Kanchi; and the Vishnu Kanchi. The Kailasanathar Temple is one of several notable temples in Kanchipuram, the others being
502:. According to local belief, the temple was a safe sanctuary for the rulers of the kingdom during wars. A secret tunnel, built by the kings, was used as an escape route and is still visible. It is believed that
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walls are plastered. Its entrance wall has eight small shrines and a gopura, precursor to the main gopura. At some later stage, the mandapa and the sanctuary were joined by an intermediate hall called the
463:, they started expanding their capital city of Kanchipuram and built many temples of great magnificence. Among the two unique specimens of temple architecture of the period 640–730 CE are the
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The outstanding feature of sculptures is the profusion of depiction of the erect lions projecting out in several directions.There are two sculptures of Shiva here which are seen holding the
677:(inner enclosure), mandapa, a high compound wall, and an entrance gate, the gopuram. The mandapa, which was initially detached, was made part of the main shrine by interposing an
288:. The main sanctum is surrounded by nine shrines, seven outside and two inside flanking the entrance of the sanctum, all with forms of Shiva. The outer walls of the temple's
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The tower has multiple shrines embodied on all its external faces which have the appearance of miniature shrines. These shrines have three features, the sala (rectangular),
455:, who had established their kingdom with Kanchipuram (also known as "Kanchi" or "Shiva Vishnu Kanchi") as the capital city, considered one of the seven sacred cities under
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The structure contains 58 small shrines which are dedicated to various forms of Shiva. These are built into niches on the inner face of the high compound wall of the
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The
Kailasanathar temple is notable for its intricately carved galaxy of Hindu art in the late 7th- and early 8th-century Tamil tradition. These largely relate to
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459:. In Kanchi, after the Pallavas expanded their territories to the north, west and south both within Tamil, Andhra and Kannada territories under Emperor
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The temple was built around 700 CE with additions in the 8th century and restorations in later centuries. It is the first structural temple built in
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is the biggest festival held in the temple when thousand of devotees throng the temple in the evening hours to offer prayers to the main deity.
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The temple has retained the
Pallava architecture in its original stylized form with influence of the later styles developed by the
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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1020:(musical string instrument) in the hand. There is a lot of difference between the veenas found in the said sculptures and the
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644:. The tall gopuram (tower) is to the left and the temple complex is to the right. The temple's foundations are made of
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Vimana's south facing wall has very elegant image of Shiva in a sitting posture of peace and quietude known as
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494:(tower). Prior temples were either built of wood or hewn into rock faces in caves or on boulders, as seen in
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Grace in the Saiva Siddhāntham and in St. Paul: A Contribution in Inter-faith Cross-cultural
Understanding
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The temple is located towards the west of
Kanchipuram city, and is about 75 kilometres (47 mi) from
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mythical animal shapes (lions on the base) are extra features in
Pallava style. At the entrance, the
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Technique of the
Painting Process in the Kailasanatha and Vaikunthaperumal Temples at Kanchipuram,
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683:(smaller hall). The pillars of the mandapa have the repetitive features of mythical lion mounts.
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1408:. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p.
1323:"The Iconography of the Kailāsanātha Temple - Seeing beyond the replastered Images and Yoginīs"
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Sculpture depicting Shiva as
Gangadhara capturing the river Ganges with a strand of his hair.
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple
Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India Text & Plates
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple
Architecture: Volume 1 Part 2 South India Text & Plates
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Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 1 South India Text & Plates
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The temple also has the earliest stone inscription which records of the twenty eight
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stone deified in the sanctum sanctorum. Within the walls of the main shrine there is
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important to the epigraphical study of regional history and Tamil temple traditions.
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506:(985–1014 CE) visited the temple and drew inspiration from this temple to build the
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The Kailasanathar Temple (meaning: "Lord of Kailasa"), is built in the tradition of
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2015:
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902:(Shiva in a dancing pose), Shiva severing the fifth head of Brahma, desecration of
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467:, which is also known as the Vaikunta Perumal temple and the Kailasanathar Temple.
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1258:. New Delhi: The Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. p. 6.
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498:. The Kailasanathar temple became the trend setter for other similar temples in
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deities. The temple is also notable for one of the early and best specimens of
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1034:(Shaiva saints) in which the Pallava King Rajasimhavarman states his faith in
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Rediscovering the Hindu Temple: The Sacred Architecture and Urbanism of India
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in dancing poses and also with images of Brahma, Vishnu, Nandi and Parvati.
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708:
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264:, it is one of the oldest surviving monuments in Kanchipuram. It reflects a
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Tamil Geographies: Cultural Constructions of Space and Place in South India
763:(main pedestal) with very elegantly carved images of gods with a sculpted
323:. The temple is one of the most prominent tourist attractions of the city.
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Opening Kailasanatha: The Temple in Kanchipuram Revealed in Time and Space
878:(circumambulatory passage) there is galaxy of images of Durga, Kartikeya,
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All Streets Lead to Temples: Mapping Monumental Histories in Kanchipuram
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All Streets Lead to Temples: Mapping Monumental Histories in Kanchipuram
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1357:"Conservation of a Sandstone Monument at Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, India"
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sitting on a bull is considered the most noteworthy among all images.
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with additions by Mahendravarman III. A square-plan temple, it has a
1322:
1167:. National Informatics Centre of Government of India. Archived from
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1235:
3432:
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3152:
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1921:
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The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu
1021:
825:
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The carving of Shiva on the north facing wall is a composition of
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Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; La Boda, Sharon (January 1996).
1006:
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807:
429:
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Typical design of pillar with multi-directional mythical lions.
597:
Inner court or the circumambulatory passage with 58 subshrines.
524:
362:
1452:
International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania
486:(Rajasimha), also known as Rajasimha Pallaveswaram. His son,
797:
The west facing hall has sculptures of Shiva in the form of
652:. Initially, only the main sanctuary existed with pyramidal
1779:
1694:
The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms
1344:(1st ed.). Kanniyakumari: Harikumar Arts. p. 46.
945:, and its west wall has Shiva in the form of Lingodbhava.
1273:(1st ed.). Chennai: Techno Book House. p. 142.
665:
The temple complex is complete in all respects as it has
151:
123:
1757:
The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain
1470:
Selby, Martha Ann; Peterson, Indira Viswanathan (2008).
1115:, No. 3599 (October 22), Nature Publishing Group, p. 757
770:
In the south facing wall the sculpture depicts Shiva as
513:
Currently, Kanchi Kailasanathar Temple is maintained by
1087:(Editor: B.V. Keskar), National Book Trust, p. 115–116
714:
A sculpture in one of the niches of the 58 subshrines.
1420:
Veena, self-taught: an introduction to Carnatic music
299:, yet also include significant number of themes from
1302:. National Informatics Centre of Government of India
1038:. The murals on the inner walls are well preserved.
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1994:
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1620:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
226:
215:
210:
171:
99:
89:
81:
76:
66:
56:
44:
39:
23:
686:The structure has a simple layout with a tower or
1241:
1638:Susan L. Huntington; John C. Huntington (2014).
1132:. University of Washington Press. pp. 3–4.
16:An 8th-century Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India
1641:The Art of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, Jain
159:Kailasanathar Temple, Kanchipuram (Tamil Nadu)
3030:
2503:
1795:
1596:Madhusudan A. Dhaky; Michael Meister (1996).
1554:Michael W. Meister; Madhusudan Dhaky (1983).
1226:
1194:. Kolkota: Mark Age Publication. p. 45.
805:and the ensemble is completed with images of
8:
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851:(tower) have images of aspects of Shiva -
582:The floor plan of the Kailasanathar temple
292:(courtyard) is also surrounded by cells.
31:
20:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
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1071:, Yale University Press, pp. 23–25, 41–44
1024:. There are also beautiful sculptures of
566:Learn how and when to remove this message
404:Learn how and when to remove this message
1602:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
1575:M. A. Dhaky; Michael W. Meister (1983).
1560:. American Institute of Indian Studies.
1491:Vinayak Bharne; Krupali Krusche (2014).
1402:Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.).
865:
2965:Temple in the Sea (Trinidad and Tobago)
1060:
451:Temple construction is credited to the
3551:Archaeological monuments in Tamil Nadu
794:and flying amaras on the lower level.
782:(emergence of Shiva as fiery pillar -
3541:Shiva temples in Kanchipuram district
1372:
1214:
490:, completed the front façade and the
7:
1581:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1300:"General features of a Chola temple"
284:(sanctum) topped with a four-storey
1384:
1321:Rajarajan, R.K.K. (January 2015).
1100:, Yale University Press, pp. 47–51
742:Sculpture depicting Goddess Durga.
14:
1497:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
1434:. South Indian Salesain Society.
1192:The Top Ten Temple Towns of India
898:(another Vishnu's avatar), Shiva
238:Kailasanathar Temple, Kanchipuram
24:Kailasanathar Temple, Kanchipuram
3188:
2935:Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswaram
2639:Emarald/Rathinam, Thiruvalangadu
2471:
2462:
2461:
1937:
1536:The Temple Architecture of India
995:
979:
735:
721:
707:
618:
604:
590:
529:
367:
230:c. 700 CE (with later additions)
150:
143:
122:
115:
2970:Tribhuvanamāhesvaram (Cambodia)
1765:Heinrich Robert Zimmer (1955).
1455:. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.
1242:Ring, Salkin & La Boda 1996
963:The temple maybe built using a
749:The main shrine has a 16 sided
280:(gathering hall) and a primary
43:
515:Archaeological Survey of India
268:and was built about 700 CE by
248:-era historic Hindu temple in
1:
3561:Sandstone buildings in India
3546:Hindu temples in Kanchipuram
2920:Kadhalishwaram ruins (China)
1768:The Art of Indian Asia: Text
1518:. Harvard University Press.
1428:Raj, Joseph Jaswant (1989).
922:, Lingodbhava, Bhikshatana,
882:, Tripurantaka, Garudarudha-
863:(destructive dancing) pose.
1512:T. Richard Blurton (1993).
1254:C., Sivaramamurthi (2004).
986:A small figure playing the
967:that looks like sandstone.
465:Tiru Parameswara Vinnagaram
3582:
1736:Hindu Art and Architecture
1673:The Hindu Temple, Volume 2
1662:The Hindu Temple, Volume 1
1269:Diwakar, Macherla (2011).
874:In the inner walls of the
847:The exterior faces of the
240:, also referred to as the
3556:8th-century Hindu temples
3510:
3186:
2827:275 Paadal Petra Sthalams
2659:Art/Chithiram, Courtallam
2457:
2138:Festivals and observances
1978:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta
1935:
1817:
1754:Benjamin Rowland (1970).
1670:Stella Kramrisch (1976).
1659:Stella Kramrisch (1996).
1623:. Yale University Press.
1227:Selby & Peterson 2008
1026:Mathahvialasa Prakshanam.
932:Atmalinga Chandikeshvara.
109:
30:
3494:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
3003:Kamphaeng Phet province
2989:Hx thewalay kestr phiman
2955:Sivan temple (Singapore)
2925:Kethishwaram (Sri Lanka)
2900:Fire temple (Azerbaijan)
2397:Meenakshi Sundareshwarar
1957:Shvetashvatara Upanishad
1083:K.R. Srinivasan (1972),
1042:Circumambulatory passage
774:(Shiva with his consort
474:Outer view of the temple
321:circumambulatory passage
2950:Shivagraham (Indonesia)
2930:Koneshwaram (Sri Lanka)
2905:Ganga Talao (Mauritius)
2895:Bhadreshwaram (Vietnam)
2687:Thiruvanaikaval (Water)
2654:Copper/Thamiram, Nellai
1739:. Thames & Hudson.
1733:George Michell (2000).
1712:George Michell (1989).
1691:George Michell (1977).
1676:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1644:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1617:James C. Harle (1994).
906:, Brahma and his wife,
538:Some of this section's
376:Some of this section's
195:12.842306°N 79.689667°E
2278:Tiruvanaikaval (Water)
1665:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1405:India through the ages
1342:Temples in South India
1327:Indologica Taurinensia
1271:Temples of South India
1165:"Kailasanathar Temple"
1126:Kaimal, Padma (2021).
1109:S Paramasivan (1938),
1085:Temples of South India
871:
583:
475:
266:Dravidian architecture
173:Geographic coordinates
162:Show map of Tamil Nadu
2975:Thewasathan Bot Phram
2945:Pashupatinath (Nepal)
2682:Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
2649:Silver/Velli, Madurai
2273:Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
1417:Leela, S. V. (1976).
1190:Karkar, S.C. (2009).
960:in many dance forms.
890:(slaying of demons),
869:
760:padabhanda adhisthana
638:Vijayanagara Emperors
581:
473:
26:(Kailasanatha Temple)
3566:Pallava architecture
2960:Sthūlādri (Thailand)
2915:Katas Raj (Pakistan)
2910:Iraivan temple (USA)
2692:Chidambaram (Ether)
2669:Panchabhuta Sthalams
2255:Pancha Bhuta Sthalam
1697:. Harper & Row.
930:offering prayers to
799:Sandhya Tandavamurti
508:Brihadeeswara Temple
200:12.842306; 79.689667
61:Kanchipuram District
2940:Mt. Kailash (Tibet)
2745:Jyotirlinga Sthalas
2697:Srikalahasthi (Air)
2677:Kanchipuram (Earth)
2593:Pancharama Kshetras
2283:Kanchipuram (Earth)
2268:Tirukalahasti (Air)
2263:Chidambaram (Ether)
1964:Shivarahasya Purana
1533:Adam Hardy (2007).
1096:Emma Stein (2017),
1067:Emma Stein (2017),
1009:, ca 8th century CE
894:(Vishnu's avatar),
803:Urdhava Tandvamurti
349:Kumarakottam Temple
276:(entrance hall), a
242:Kailasanatha temple
191: /
2993:Sukhothai province
2382:Kailash Mansarovar
2087:Pashupata Shaivism
2065:Hara Hara Mahadeva
1423:. S.l. : s.n.
1355:Vedamuthu, Ranee.
1340:V., Meena (1974).
914:Vishnu flanked by
872:
584:
488:Mahendravarman III
484:Narasimhavarman II
476:
353:Varadaraja Perumal
270:Narasimhavarman II
220:Narasimhavarman II
131:Shown within India
3528:
3527:
3012:
3011:
2644:Gold/Pon, Thillai
2527:Trilinga Kshetras
2485:
2484:
2415:
2414:
1771:. Pantheon Books.
1746:978-0-500-20337-8
1725:978-0-14-008144-2
1718:. Penguin Books.
1704:978-0-06-435750-0
1683:978-81-208-0224-7
1651:978-81-208-3617-4
1630:978-0-300-06217-5
1609:978-81-86526-00-2
1588:978-0-8122-7992-4
1546:978-0-470-02827-8
1525:978-0-674-39189-5
1504:978-1-4438-6734-4
1483:978-0-7914-7945-2
1462:978-1-884964-04-6
1441:978-81-900092-0-1
1280:978-93-83440-34-4
1201:978-81-87952-12-1
1139:978-0-295-74778-1
1022:present day veena
820:flanked by three
671:sanctum sanctorum
576:
575:
568:
504:Raja Raja Chola I
461:Narasimhavarman I
414:
413:
406:
234:
233:
222:(Pallava dynasty)
134:Show map of India
3573:
3192:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3016:
2999:Hx Phar Ishvaran
2783:Kashi Vishvanath
2512:
2505:
2498:
2489:
2475:
2465:
2464:
2175:
2119:Siddha Siddhanta
2082:Shaiva Siddhanta
2009:Om Namah Shivaya
1941:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1761:
1760:. Penguin Books.
1750:
1729:
1708:
1687:
1666:
1655:
1634:
1613:
1592:
1571:
1550:
1529:
1508:
1487:
1466:
1445:
1424:
1413:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1161:
1144:
1143:
1123:
1117:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1081:
1072:
1065:
999:
983:
912:Urdhava tandava,
832:, and goddesses
786:) surrounded by
739:
725:
711:
622:
608:
594:
571:
564:
560:
557:
551:
533:
525:
409:
402:
398:
395:
389:
371:
363:
206:
205:
203:
202:
201:
196:
192:
189:
188:
187:
184:
163:
154:
153:
147:
135:
126:
125:
119:
35:
21:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3520:Hindu mythology
3506:
3417:
3335:
3193:
3184:
3052:
3043:
3013:
3008:
2881:
2813:
2785:
2739:
2701:
2663:
2625:
2587:
2578:Madhyamaheshwar
2549:
2521:
2516:
2486:
2481:
2453:
2411:
2407:Vadakkum Nathan
2360:
2287:
2249:
2211:
2202:Madhyamaheshwar
2164:
2150:Maha Shivaratri
2133:
2070:
2023:Mahāmrityunjaya
1990:
1942:
1933:
1890:Ardhanarishvara
1824:
1813:
1808:
1777:
1775:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1732:
1726:
1711:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1669:
1658:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1616:
1610:
1595:
1589:
1574:
1568:
1553:
1547:
1532:
1526:
1511:
1505:
1490:
1484:
1469:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1427:
1416:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1281:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1233:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1171:on 30 July 2013
1163:
1162:
1147:
1140:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1075:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1049:Maha Shivaratri
1044:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1000:
992:
991:
984:
973:
904:Yagna of Daksha
861:Samhara-Tandava
747:
746:
745:
744:
743:
740:
731:
730:
729:
726:
717:
716:
715:
712:
658:and a detached
630:
629:
628:
627:
626:
623:
614:
613:
612:
609:
600:
599:
598:
595:
572:
561:
555:
552:
549:
534:
523:
453:Pallava dynasty
410:
399:
393:
390:
387:
372:
361:
329:
313:Hindu mural art
260:. Dedicated to
199:
197:
193:
190:
185:
182:
180:
178:
177:
167:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
155:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
127:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3579:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3533:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3474:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3203:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3062:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
2996:
2986:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2832:Brihadeeswaram
2829:
2823:
2821:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2707:Pancheshwarams
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2555:Pancha Kedaras
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2492:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2421:
2420:Related topics
2417:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:Brihadeeswarar
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2336:Ramanathaswamy
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2129:Shaiva Smartas
2126:
2121:
2116:
2114:Veera Shaivism
2111:
2109:Trika Shaivism
2106:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2004:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1774:
1773:
1762:
1751:
1745:
1730:
1724:
1709:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1667:
1656:
1650:
1635:
1629:
1614:
1608:
1593:
1587:
1572:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1530:
1524:
1509:
1503:
1488:
1482:
1476:. SUNY Press.
1467:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1425:
1414:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1347:
1332:
1313:
1286:
1279:
1261:
1246:
1244:, p. 435.
1231:
1229:, p. 109.
1219:
1217:, p. 175.
1207:
1200:
1182:
1145:
1138:
1118:
1102:
1089:
1073:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1043:
1040:
1001:
994:
993:
985:
978:
977:
976:
975:
974:
972:
971:Other features
969:
943:Dakshinamurthy
936:Ardhanariswara
870:Central shrine
772:Umamaheshavara
741:
734:
733:
732:
727:
720:
719:
718:
713:
706:
705:
704:
703:
702:
624:
617:
616:
615:
610:
603:
602:
601:
596:
589:
588:
587:
586:
585:
574:
573:
556:September 2021
540:listed sources
537:
535:
528:
522:
519:
412:
411:
394:September 2021
378:listed sources
375:
373:
366:
360:
357:
345:Kamakshi Amman
341:Kachapeshwarar
328:
325:
232:
231:
228:
224:
223:
217:
213:
212:
208:
207:
175:
169:
168:
158:
149:
148:
142:
141:
140:
139:
130:
121:
120:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3578:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3486:
3485:Bhagavad Gita
3482:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3420:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:Other deities
3338:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3191:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3046:Hindu deities
3040:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2979:sao ching cha
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2852:Kudalasangama
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2789:Trimbakeshwar
2787:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:Mahakaleshwar
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2735:Thondeshwaram
2733:
2731:
2730:Naguleshwaram
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2631:Pancha Sabhas
2628:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2519:Shiva temples
2513:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Trimbakeshwar
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Mahakaleshwar
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2217:Pancha Sabhai
2214:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
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3394:Gramadevatas
3328:
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2887:Out of India
2886:
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2809:Grishneshwar
2778:Bhimashankar
2725:Munneshwaram
2715:Kethishwaram
2402:Tiruchengode
2306:Grishneshwar
2301:Bhimashankar
2293:Jyotirlingas
2145:Kanwar Yatra
2063:
2056:
2049:
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2028:
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2016:Rudrashtakam
2014:
2007:
1983:
1976:
1971:Shiva Purana
1969:
1962:
1955:
1819:
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1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1270:
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1169:the original
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521:Architecture
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211:Architecture
186:79°41′22.8″E
183:12°50′32.3″N
18:
3478:Mahabharata
3389:Kuladevatas
3168:Vishvakarma
2819:Significant
2804:Rameshwaram
2768:Omkareshwar
2720:Koneshwaram
2611:Ksheerarama
2606:Daksharamam
2545:Kaleshwaram
2535:Daksharamam
2449:Other names
2331:Omkareshwar
2316:Mallikarjun
2179:Panch Kedar
2051:Shri Rudram
2037:Sahasranama
990:in a niche.
853:Bhikshatana
828:with three
780:Lingodbhava
625:Temple view
543:may not be
500:South India
480:South India
420:worship of
381:may not be
301:Vaishnavism
250:Kanchipuram
198: /
85:Kanchipuram
46:Affiliation
3535:Categories
3460:Upanishads
3379:Gandharvas
3103:Dattatreya
2867:Thiruvarur
2799:Nageshvara
2794:Vaidyanath
2616:Kumararama
2583:Kalpeshwar
2432:Rasalingam
2356:Vishwanath
2351:Vaidyanath
2207:Kalpeshwar
2160:Shiva Puja
2075:Traditions
1873:Tatpurusha
1395:References
1373:Leela 1976
1215:Gopal 1990
1031:Saivagamas
1005:playing a
965:geopolymer
908:Gangadhara
896:Trivikrama
857:Somaskanda
824:, goddess
751:Shivalinga
667:garbagriha
254:Tamil Nadu
94:Tamil Nadu
3399:Rakshasas
3269:Mahavidya
3212:Saraswati
3199:Goddesses
3128:Kartikeya
2872:Khajuraho
2773:Kedarnath
2758:Srisailam
2601:Amararama
2573:Rudranath
2563:Kedarnath
2540:Srisailam
2392:Lingaraja
2387:Katas Raj
2326:Nageshvar
2311:Kedarnath
2197:Rudranath
2187:Kedarnath
1985:Tirumurai
1912:Kartikeya
1868:Sadyojata
1539:. Wiley.
1515:Hindu Art
892:Narasimha
753:in black
650:sandstone
442:Kartikeya
327:Geography
227:Completed
3515:Hinduism
3471:Ramayana
3413:Yakshini
3319:Shashthi
3279:Matrikas
3264:Mahadevi
3066:Trimurti
2862:Thrissur
2842:Lingaraj
2837:Amarnath
2621:Somarama
2568:Tungnath
2467:Category
2372:Amarnath
2245:Chitiram
2240:Thamiram
2225:Rathinam
2192:Tungnath
2155:Pradosha
2092:Kapalika
1917:Devasena
1878:Vamadeva
1863:Nataraja
1853:Harihara
1843:Bhairava
1811:Shaivism
1385:Raj 1989
1036:Shaivism
958:Parvathi
838:Kaushiki
834:Bhairavi
675:antarala
545:reliable
457:Hinduism
446:Hinduism
383:reliable
305:Shaktism
297:Shaivism
82:Location
77:Location
57:District
51:Hinduism
40:Religion
3465:Puranas
3453:Atharva
3422:Texts (
3409:Yakshas
3404:Vahanas
3374:Dikpāla
3347:Apsaras
3299:Rukmini
3274:Matangi
3222:Parvati
3217:Lakshmi
3207:Tridevi
3133:Krishna
3113:Hanuman
3108:Ganesha
3098:Chandra
3093:Ashvins
2983:Bangkok
2877:More...
2847:Gokarna
2753:Somnath
2444:Vibhuti
2341:Somnath
2044:Chalisa
1907:Ganesha
1900:Parvati
1830:Deities
1821:History
1306:27 July
1175:27 July
1003:Kinnara
954:panjara
920:Sridevi
916:Bhudevi
900:Tandava
880:Bhavati
876:prakara
859:and in
842:Jyestha
778:) with
776:Parvati
755:granite
693:gopuram
660:mandapa
646:granite
492:gopuram
438:Ganesha
436:(Sun),
418:Smartha
359:History
333:Chennai
290:prakara
246:Pallava
244:, is a
216:Creator
100:Country
3369:Devata
3362:Danava
3357:Daitya
3352:Asuras
3314:Shakti
3304:Sanjna
3294:Rohini
3254:Shachi
3239:Chhaya
3158:Varuna
3148:Shasta
3138:Kubera
3076:Vishnu
3071:Brahma
2857:Vaikom
2477:Portal
2439:Siddha
2427:Lingam
2365:Others
2097:Aghori
2000:Stotra
1996:Mantra
1885:Shakti
1858:Ishana
1743:
1722:
1701:
1680:
1648:
1627:
1606:
1585:
1564:
1543:
1522:
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1480:
1459:
1438:
1277:
1198:
1136:
1113:Nature
926:, and
924:Ravana
884:Vishnu
849:vimana
792:Vishnu
788:Brahma
688:vimana
655:vimana
426:Vishnu
351:, and
286:vimana
3448:Yajur
3433:Vedas
3284:Radha
3249:Ganga
3244:Durga
3234:Bhumi
3229:Aditi
3153:Surya
3118:Indra
3081:Shiva
3050:texts
2235:Velli
2102:Kaula
1948:Texts
1929:Nandi
1922:Valli
1838:Shiva
1360:(PDF)
1055:Notes
830:ganas
826:Durga
822:ganas
808:ganas
784:linga
765:Nandi
444:, in
434:Surya
422:Shiva
309:Vedic
262:Shiva
258:India
104:India
90:State
72:Shiva
68:Deity
3501:more
3443:Sama
3424:list
3384:Gana
3330:more
3324:Sita
3309:Sati
3289:Rati
3259:Kali
3179:more
3173:Yama
3163:Vayu
3143:Rama
3123:Kama
3088:Agni
3058:Gods
3048:and
1895:Sati
1741:ISBN
1720:ISBN
1699:ISBN
1678:ISBN
1646:ISBN
1625:ISBN
1604:ISBN
1583:ISBN
1562:ISBN
1541:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1499:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1308:2013
1275:ISBN
1196:ISBN
1177:2013
1134:ISBN
1007:yazh
950:kuta
928:Vali
918:and
840:and
801:and
790:and
636:and
440:and
430:Devi
307:and
236:The
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2230:Pon
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482:by
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