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Kaiser window

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483: 83: 490: 1267: 478:{\displaystyle w_{0}(x)\triangleq \left\{{\begin{array}{ccl}{\tfrac {1}{L}}{\frac {I_{0}\left}{I_{0}}},\quad &\left|x\right|\leq L/2\\0,\quad &\left|x\right|>L/2\end{array}}\right\}\quad {\stackrel {\mathcal {F}}{\Longleftrightarrow }}\quad {\frac {\sin {\bigg (}{\sqrt {(\pi Lf)^{2}-(\pi \alpha )^{2}}}{\bigg )}}{I_{0}(\pi \alpha )\cdot {\sqrt {(\pi Lf)^{2}-(\pi \alpha )^{2}}}}},} 20: 953: 980: 1576: 774: 1262:{\displaystyle d_{n}={\begin{cases}{\sqrt {\frac {\sum _{i=0}^{n}w}{\sum _{i=0}^{N}w}}}&{\mbox{if }}0\leq n<N\\{\sqrt {\frac {\sum _{i=0}^{2N-1-n}w}{\sum _{i=0}^{N}w}}}&{\mbox{if }}N\leq n\leq 2N-1\\0&{\mbox{otherwise}}.\\\end{cases}}} 1412: 1761: 528:
is a non-negative real number that determines the shape of the window. In the frequency domain, it determines the trade-off between main-lobe width and side lobe level, which is a central decision in window
866: 557: 903: 806: 943: 1571:{\displaystyle {\frac {\sinh {\bigg (}{\sqrt {(\pi \alpha )^{2}-(\pi Lf)^{2}}}{\bigg )}}{I_{0}(\pi \alpha )\cdot {\sqrt {(\pi \alpha )^{2}-(\pi Lf)^{2}}}}}.} 1698: 906: 1928: 964: 1796: 1632: 63: 818: 769:{\displaystyle w=L\cdot w_{0}\left({\tfrac {L}{N}}(n-N/2)\right)={\frac {I_{0}\left}{I_{0}}},\quad 0\leq n\leq N,} 545: 513: 871: 48: 925:
curve.  The Kaiser window is nearly optimal in the sense of its peak's concentration around frequency
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a near-optimal window could be formed using the zeroth-order modified Bessel function of the first kind
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increases, the main lobe increases in width, and the side lobes decrease in amplitude. 
1869: 1844: 1661: 1680: 809: 782: 44: 928: 114: 489: 1922: 1781: 51: 967:(MDCT). The KBD window function is defined in terms of the Kaiser window of length 36: 1820:"On the use of Windows for Harmonic Analysis with the Discrete Fourier Transform" 1819: 59: 1873: 1665: 1756:{\displaystyle \beta \triangleq \pi \alpha ,\ \omega \triangleq 2\pi f,\ M=L.} 921:
the shape of the Kaiser window (in both time and frequency domain) tends to a
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satisfies the Princen-Bradley condition for the MDCT (using the fact that
19: 1681:"Kaiser Window in Spectral Audio Signal Processing, eq.(4.40 & 4.42)" 1353:). The KBD window is also symmetric in the proper manner for the MDCT: 952: 815:
In the Fourier transform, the first null after the main lobe occurs at
1883:"Spectral Audio Signal Processing, Kaiser and DPSS Windows Compared" 1649: 16:
Used in finite impulse response filter design and spectral analysis
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Kaiser, James F.; Schafer, Ronald W. (1980). "On the use of the I
1787:(2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. p.  917: = 0 corresponds to a rectangular window. For large 1862:
IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
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IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
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window, which is designed to be suitable for use with the
1627:. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. p. 541. 74:
The Kaiser window and its Fourier transform are given by
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The Kaiser window for several values of its parameter
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maximizes the energy concentration in the main lobe
1780: 1755: 1570: 1261: 937: 897: 860: 800: 768: 477: 1482: 1427: 389: 334: 1650:"Some Windows with Very Good Sidelobe Behavior" 532:Sometimes the Kaiser window is parametrized by 548:, the function can be sampled symmetrically as 8: 1838: 1700: 1623:Oppenheim, A. V.; Schafer, R. W. (2009). 1554: 1529: 1514: 1493: 1481: 1480: 1472: 1447: 1432: 1426: 1425: 1416: 1414: 1242: 1202: 1178: 1167: 1128: 1117: 1109: 1083: 1059: 1048: 1024: 1013: 1005: 997: 988: 982: 930: 887: 875: 873: 842: 828: 820: 784: 723: 704: 678: 664: 647: 640: 621: 597: 586: 559: 461: 439: 421: 400: 388: 387: 379: 357: 339: 333: 332: 323: 313: 312: 307: 305: 304: 287: 249: 205: 186: 173: 153: 136: 129: 117: 113: 91: 85: 493:Fourier transforms of two Kaiser windows 1591: 1397: 898:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {1+\alpha ^{2}}}} 58:. The Kaiser window approximates the 1860:-sinh window for spectrum analysis". 7: 66:but which is difficult to compute. 965:modified discrete cosine transform 948:Kaiser–Bessel-derived (KBD) window 779:where the length of the window is 43:. It is a one-parameter family of 14: 1272:This defines a window of length 2 959:A related window function is the 808:and N can be even or odd. (see 1818:Harris, Fredric J. (Jan 1978). 1783:Discrete-time signal processing 1779:; Buck, John R. (1999). "7.2". 1648:Nuttall, Albert H. (Feb 1981). 1625:Discrete-time signal processing 747: 322: 303: 267: 229: 1551: 1538: 1526: 1516: 1508: 1499: 1469: 1456: 1444: 1434: 1384:The KBD window is used in the 1193: 1187: 1158: 1152: 1074: 1068: 1039: 1033: 738: 729: 629: 609: 570: 564: 458: 448: 436: 423: 415: 406: 376: 366: 354: 341: 308: 220: 211: 103: 97: 1: 961:Kaiser–Bessel-derived (KBD) 522:is the window duration, and 1945: 1874:10.1109/TASSP.1980.1163349 1666:10.1109/TASSP.1981.1163506 810:A list of window functions 1929:Digital signal processing 546:digital signal processing 1600:"Slepian or DPSS Window" 1404:An equivalent formula is 1276:, where by construction 514:modified Bessel function 1901:"Kaiser Window, R2018b" 1849:10.1109/PROC.1978.10837 1827:Proceedings of the IEEE 49:finite impulse response 1757: 1572: 1388:digital audio format. 1263: 1183: 1148: 1064: 1029: 956: 939: 899: 862: 802: 770: 494: 479: 24: 1758: 1573: 1386:Advanced Audio Coding 1264: 1163: 1113: 1044: 1009: 955: 940: 900: 863: 803: 771: 492: 480: 22: 1881:Smith, J.O. (2011). 1699: 1679:Smith, J.O. (2011). 1413: 981: 929: 872: 819: 801:{\displaystyle N+1,} 783: 558: 512:is the zeroth-order 84: 33:Kaiser–Bessel window 31:, also known as the 35:, was developed by 1887:ccrma.stanford.edu 1833:(1): 73 (eq 46b). 1777:Schafer, Ronald W. 1773:Oppenheim, Alan V. 1753: 1685:ccrma.stanford.edu 1604:ccrma.stanford.edu 1568: 1259: 1254: 1247: 1207: 1088: 971:+1, by the formula 957: 938:{\displaystyle 0.} 935: 895: 858: 853: 798: 766: 607: 516:of the first kind, 495: 475: 297: 127: 25: 1905:www.mathworks.com 1740: 1719: 1660:(1): 89 (eq.38). 1563: 1560: 1478: 1246: 1206: 1198: 1197: 1087: 1079: 1078: 893: 852: 848: 742: 710: 691: 606: 470: 467: 385: 319: 224: 192: 126: 56:spectral analysis 41:Bell Laboratories 1936: 1915: 1913: 1912: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1877: 1852: 1842: 1824: 1806: 1805: 1786: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1738: 1717: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1620: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1610: 1596: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1559: 1558: 1534: 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Retrieved 1904: 1890:. Retrieved 1886: 1865: 1861: 1830: 1826: 1802: 1782: 1767: 1688:. Retrieved 1684: 1674: 1657: 1653: 1643: 1624: 1618: 1607:. Retrieved 1603: 1594: 1405: 1400: 1383: 1380:Applications 1372: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1271: 972: 968: 960: 958: 910: 814: 778: 549: 543: 505: 498: 496: 75: 73: 37:James Kaiser 32: 28: 26: 1907:. Mathworks 1868:: 105–107. 60:DPSS window 1911:2019-03-20 1892:2016-04-13 1690:2022-01-01 1609:2016-04-13 1587:References 907:DFT "bins" 70:Definition 1835:CiteSeerX 1730:π 1724:≜ 1721:ω 1712:α 1709:π 1706:≜ 1703:β 1542:π 1536:− 1523:α 1520:π 1512:⋅ 1506:α 1503:π 1460:π 1454:− 1441:α 1438:π 1423:⁡ 1245:otherwise 1228:− 1219:≤ 1213:≤ 1165:∑ 1142:− 1136:− 1115:∑ 1094:≤ 1046:∑ 1011:∑ 885:α 840:α 758:≤ 752:≤ 736:α 733:π 694:− 670:− 662:α 659:π 616:− 580:⋅ 455:α 452:π 446:− 427:π 419:⋅ 413:α 410:π 373:α 370:π 364:− 345:π 330:⁡ 309:⟺ 244:≤ 218:α 215:π 159:− 151:α 148:π 107:≜ 1923:Category 1205:if  1086:if  923:Gaussian 536:, where 47:used in 909:). As 529:design. 485:  1837:  1795:  1739:  1718:  1695:where 1631:  1347:modulo 538:β = πα 62:which 1823:(PDF) 1392:Notes 1332:) = 1 497:where 1793:ISBN 1629:ISBN 1420:sinh 1338:and 1100:< 544:For 282:> 54:and 27:The 1870:doi 1845:doi 1789:474 1662:doi 1371:−1− 1319:+ ( 1309:): 327:sin 39:at 1925:: 1903:. 1885:. 1866:28 1864:. 1843:. 1831:66 1829:. 1825:. 1801:. 1791:. 1775:; 1683:. 1658:29 1656:. 1652:. 1602:. 1376:. 1299:= 933:0. 919:α, 812:) 1914:. 1895:. 1876:. 1872:: 1858:0 1851:. 1847:: 1751:. 1748:L 1745:= 1742:M 1736:, 1733:f 1727:2 1715:, 1693:. 1668:. 1664:: 1637:. 1612:. 1566:. 1556:2 1552:) 1548:f 1545:L 1539:( 1531:2 1527:) 1517:( 1509:) 1500:( 1495:0 1491:I 1483:) 1474:2 1470:) 1466:f 1463:L 1457:( 1449:2 1445:) 1435:( 1428:( 1406:: 1373:n 1369:N 1367:2 1364:d 1359:n 1355:d 1351:N 1349:2 1344:N 1340:n 1336:n 1329:N 1327:+ 1325:n 1321:d 1316:n 1312:d 1305:n 1301:w 1296:n 1294:− 1292:N 1288:w 1282:n 1278:d 1274:N 1250:. 1238:0 1231:1 1225:N 1222:2 1216:n 1210:N 1194:] 1191:i 1188:[ 1185:w 1180:N 1175:0 1172:= 1169:i 1159:] 1156:i 1153:[ 1150:w 1145:n 1139:1 1133:N 1130:2 1125:0 1122:= 1119:i 1103:N 1097:n 1091:0 1075:] 1072:i 1069:[ 1066:w 1061:N 1056:0 1053:= 1050:i 1040:] 1037:i 1034:[ 1031:w 1026:n 1021:0 1018:= 1015:i 1000:{ 995:= 990:n 986:d 973:: 969:N 915:α 911:α 889:2 881:+ 878:1 856:, 850:L 844:2 836:+ 833:1 826:= 823:f 796:, 793:1 790:+ 787:N 764:, 761:N 755:n 749:0 745:, 739:] 730:[ 725:0 721:I 714:] 706:2 701:) 697:1 689:N 685:n 682:2 675:( 667:1 655:[ 649:0 645:I 638:= 634:) 630:) 627:2 623:/ 619:N 613:n 610:( 604:N 601:L 594:( 588:0 584:w 577:L 574:= 571:] 568:n 565:[ 562:w 550:: 540:. 534:β 526:α 520:L 508:0 506:I 499:: 473:, 463:2 459:) 449:( 441:2 437:) 433:f 430:L 424:( 416:) 407:( 402:0 398:I 390:) 381:2 377:) 367:( 359:2 355:) 351:f 348:L 342:( 335:( 315:F 300:} 293:2 289:/ 285:L 278:| 275:x 272:| 265:, 262:0 255:2 251:/ 247:L 240:| 237:x 234:| 227:, 221:] 212:[ 207:0 203:I 196:] 188:2 183:) 179:L 175:/ 171:x 168:2 164:( 156:1 144:[ 138:0 134:I 124:L 121:1 111:{ 104:) 101:x 98:( 93:0 89:w 76::

Index


James Kaiser
Bell Laboratories
window functions
finite impulse response
filter design
spectral analysis
DPSS window
maximizes the energy concentration in the main lobe

modified Bessel function
digital signal processing
A list of window functions
DFT "bins"
Gaussian

modified discrete cosine transform
modulo
Advanced Audio Coding
"Slepian or DPSS Window"
ISBN
9780131988422
"Some Windows with Very Good Sidelobe Behavior"
doi
10.1109/TASSP.1981.1163506
"Kaiser Window in Spectral Audio Signal Processing, eq.(4.40 & 4.42)"
Oppenheim, Alan V.
Schafer, Ronald W.
Discrete-time signal processing
474

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