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granted students worldwide one-year study stipends for whichever institute they chose. Some studied in
Germany, in contrast to the German universities, with their formal independence from state administration, the institutions of the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft had no obligation to teach students.
301:, which he did. While in Britain, Bertie also spoke with Dale, who came up with a suggestion. Dale believed that it was only the name which conjured up a pejorative picture and suggested that the society be renamed the Max Planck Gesellschaft. On 11 September 1946, the
1669:
1616:
681:
Aerodynamic
Testing Station (Göttingen e. V.) of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society. The testing unit Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt (AVA) was formed in 1925 along with the KWI of Flow (Fluid Dynamics) Research. In 1937, it became the testing station of the
1649:
109:
in
Germany, by founding and maintaining research institutions formally independent from the state and its administrations. The institutions were to be under the guidance of prominent directors, which included the physicists and chemists
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280:
Meanwhile, members of the
British occupation forces, specifically in the Research Branch of the OMGUS, saw the society in a more favourable light and tried to dissuade the Americans from taking such action. The physicist
371:
181:
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293:. Also, Colonel Bertie Blount was on the staff of the British Research Branch, and he had received his doctorate at Göttingen under Walther Borsche. Among other things, Bertie suggested to Hahn to write to Sir
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232:
By the end of the Second World War, the KWG and its institutes had lost their central location in Berlin and were operating in other locations. The KWG was operating out of its
Aerodynamics Testing Station in
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273:. At first, Hahn was reluctant to accept the post, but others prevailed upon him to accept it. Hahn took over the presidency three months after being released and returned to Germany. However, the
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The Kaiser
Wilhelm Institute and its research facilities were involved in weapons research, experimentation and production in both the First World War and the Second World War. During the
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530:
261:
was selected by directors to be president, but there were a number of difficulties to be overcome. Hahn, being related to nuclear research had been captured by the allied forces of
707:
and integrated into the Kaiser
Wilhelm Society in 1921. The ornithological station was ceased at the end of the Second World War, but work continues at the ornithological station
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Funding was ultimately obtained from sources internal and external to
Germany. Internally, money was raised from individuals, industry and the government, as well as through the
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1120:, by David M. States (June 28, 2001) – compilation of articles, including several about the lives and work of Nobel laureates, on the official website of the Nobel Prize
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in summary of holdings, Section I (BestandsĂĽbersicht, I. Abteilung), on the website of the Max Planck
Gesellschaft Archives (in German). Retrieved 2015-08-29.
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1410:
1215:
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was founded in the
British Zone only. The second founding took place on 26 February 1948 for both the American and British occupation zones. The physicists
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2007:
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70:. The Kaiser Wilhelm Society was an umbrella organisation for many institutes, testing stations, and research units created under its authority.
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Hentschel, 1996, Appendix A; see the entries for the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft and the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fluid Dynamics Research.
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Hentschel, 1996, Appendix A; see the entries for the Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft and the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Fluid Dynamics Research.
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was director of the department for science in the British Zone; he had a National Research Council Fellowship in the 1920s to study at the
431:
42:
1550:
1280:
1265:
1220:
655:
KWI for Physiology of Effort (Work)/KWI for Occupational Physiology, founded 1912 in Berlin, moved to Dortmund in 1929. It is now the
468:
254:
161:
2012:
1076:
1057:
1042:
662:
German Research Institute for Psychiatry (a Kaiser Wilhelm institute) in Munich. It is now the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry.
1690:
1510:
1174:
1098:
649:
630:
537:
500:
KWI for Comparative Public Law and International Law, founded 1924 in Berlin; the first director was Viktor Bruns. It is now the
405:
390:
157:
763:
Research Unit for Virus Research of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biochemistry and the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology
1895:
1110:
599:
KWI for Metals Research, founded 1921 in Neubabelsberg. It closed in 1933 and reopened in Stuttgart in 1934. It is now the
1611:
1200:
193:
185:
2017:
1167:
1150:
221:
200:
from prisoners in his charge. He specialized in examining twins, and their genetic relationship, especially for their
1970:
700:
250:
241:, the president of the KWG, committed suicide on 14 April 1945. Thereupon, Ernst Telschow assumed the duties until
204:
and other personal qualities. As the American forces closed in on the relocated KWI, the organization's president,
173:
91:
544:
1035:
Grenzüberschreitungen. Das Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Anthropologie, Menschliche Erblehre und Eugenik 1927–1945
177:
99:
839:
1841:
519:
302:
217:
805:
17:
1919:
1037:. Reihe: Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus, 9. Wallstein, Göttingen 2005,
461:
282:
172:
During World War II, some of the weapons and medical research performed by the KWI was connected to fatal
141:
1116:
457:
389:
in 1948 and two further relocations to Westheim and Niedermarsberg in 1951 it was incorporated into the
1009:
Ernst Rabel und das Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 1926-1945
313:
were also instrumental in establishing the society across the allied zones, including the French zone.
30:
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1901:
512:
394:
714:
1859:
1847:
1190:
892:
419:
386:
294:
67:
1943:
629:
KWI for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, founded 1911 in Dahlem, Berlin. It is now the
1072:
1053:
1038:
900:
427:
322:
270:
87:
1984:
1937:
1788:
589:
340:
238:
209:
205:
106:
741:
German-Greek Institute for Biology in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society founded in 1940 in Athens.
393:
and moved to Köln-Vogelsang. The Institute was closed down in 1957. Its first director was
1925:
1889:
1752:
1131:
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747:
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Cultivated Plant Research founded in 1940 in Vienna, Austria.
641:
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310:
262:
119:
55:
35:
648:
became deputy director and took over administrative duties from Einstein. It is now the
1871:
1794:
1770:
1758:
883:
MĂĽller-Hill, Benno (1999). "The Blood from Auschwitz and the Silence of the Scholars".
526:
423:
1617:
Max Planck Harvard Research Center for the Archaeoscience of the Ancient Mediterranean
1104:
418:
KWI for Biophysics, formerly the Institut fĂĽr Physikalische Grundlagen der Medizin of
2001:
1977:
1949:
1931:
1835:
1829:
1811:
611:
555:
298:
197:
111:
83:
63:
1907:
1877:
1865:
1823:
1817:
1776:
966:
942:
918:
859:
645:
570:
306:
95:
234:
105:
The Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft (KWG) was founded in 1911 in order to promote the
1146:
368:. Transformed into a research institute of the (East)-German Academy of Sciences.
1913:
1883:
1853:
1782:
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578:
486:
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216:
backer, committed suicide, knowing he would be held accountable for the group's
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149:
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115:
1140:
708:
615:
585:
505:
475:
438:
382:
334:
328:
242:
213:
201:
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German-Bulgarian Institute for Agricultural Science founded in 1940 in Sofia.
485:
KWI for Comparative and International Private Law, founded 1926 in Berlin by
1746:
704:
604:
346:
266:
258:
246:
127:
904:
34:
Former Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut for Chemistry in Berlin, the place at which
1093:
757:
Institute for the Science of Agricultural Work—founded in 1940 in Breslau.
665:
KWI for Silicate Research, founded 1926 in Berlin-Dahlem by Wilhelm Eitel.
257:. Planck assumed the duties on 16 May until a president could be elected.
1117:
A History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research: 1929–1939
896:
718:
623:
566:
494:
349:(1 April 1946 – 10 September 1946 in the British Occupation Zone)
1159:
694:
Institute for Agricultural Work Studies in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
551:
502:
Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law
453:
189:
540:, now transformed a Max Planck Institute for multi-ethnic societies.
1105:
History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society in the National Socialist Era
385:
in 1941 and to Bielefeld in 1946. After its incorporation into the
491:
Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law
378:
77:
41:
536:
KWI for German History, founded 1917 in Berlin. It was later the
277:(OMGUS) passed a resolution to dissolve the KWG on 11 July 1946.
1163:
1050:
Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources
799:"Chronik des Kaiser-Wilhelm- / Max-Planck-Instituts fĂĽr Chemie"
411:
KWI for Biochemistry, founded 1912. Nowadays, there exists the
192:
bodies and body parts such as eyes for study and display from
744:
German-Italian Institute for Marine Biology at Rovigno, Italy.
688:
German Entomological Institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
474:
KWI for Coal Research Institute of the KWG, founded 1912 in
60:
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften
1069:
Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany
733:
Bibliotheca Hertziana - Max Planck Institute of Art History
731:
Bibliotheca Hertziana, founded 1913 in Rome. It is now the
543:
KWI for Hydrobiological Research. One of its directors was
415:, but there is no straight relation between the institutes.
717:
Coal Research Institute of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, in
711:
which is part of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology.
573:. It became a part of an institute that later became the
467:
KWI for Chemistry, founded 1911 in Dahlem. It is now the
160:
as a weapon. This was in direct violation of established
62:) was a German scientific institution established in the
1107:– Presidential Commission of the Max Planck Gesellschaft
531:
Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization
691:
Hydrobiological Station of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
685:
Biological Station Lunz of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
525:
KWI of Flow (Fluid Dynamics) Research, founded 1925.
400:
KWI for Biology, founded 1912 in Berlin and moved to
52:
Kaiser Wilhelm Society for the Advancement of Science
1147:
Documents and clippings about Kaiser Wilhelm Society
1804:
1739:
1678:
1625:
1604:
1199:
529:was the director from 1926 to 1946. It is now the
437:KWI for Brain Research, founded 1914 in Berlin by
46:Former Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut for Biology, Berlin
511:KWI for Experimental Therapy, founded in 1915 by
652:; also known as the Werner Heisenberg Institute.
620:Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research
372:KWI of Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics
182:KWI of Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics
1731:Research Unit for Enzymology of Protein Folding
703:of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, founded 1901 in
697:Research Unit "D" in the Kaiser Wilhelm Society
774:Research Materials: Max Planck Society Archive
130:; a board of trustees also provided guidance.
66:in 1911. Its functions were taken over by the
1175:
657:Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology
377:KWI for Bast Fibre Research, founded 1938 in
364:KWI for Animal Breeding Research, founded in
156:, was responsible for introducing the use of
8:
1426:Comparative Public Law and International Law
610:KWI for Plant Breeding Research, founded in
518:KWI for Fiber Chemistry, founded in 1920 by
275:Office of Military Government, United States
885:History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
560:Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH
137:(Emergency Association of German Science).
18:Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for German History
1182:
1168:
1160:
565:KWI for Leather Research, founded 1921 in
391:Max Planck Institute for Breeding Research
135:Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft
82:Opening of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut in
1670:Ultrafast Imaging and Structural Dynamics
1431:Comparative and International Private Law
640:KWI for Physics, founded 1917 in Berlin.
594:Max Planck Institute for Medical Research
584:KWI for Medical Research founded 1929 in
448:KWI for Cell Physiology, founded 1930 in
601:Max Planck Institute for Metals Research
480:Max Planck Institute fĂĽr Kohlenforschung
471:, also known as the Otto Hahn Institute.
331:(1930–1937, 16 May 1945 – 31 March 1946)
29:
1316:Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity
967:"History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society"
943:"History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society"
919:"History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society"
860:"History of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society"
790:
550:KWI for Iron Research, founded 1917 in
443:Max Planck Institute for Brain Research
176:on living test subjects (prisoners) in
821:Macrakis, 1993, pp. 11–28 and 273–274.
354:Institutes, testing stations and units
291:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
1326:Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems
1124:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft 1911–1948
644:was the director 1917-1933; in 1922,
426:in 1937. The Institute is located in
196:These were provided by his pupil Dr.
27:Defunct German scientific institution
7:
1706:Foreign and International Social Law
1650:Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences
1052:. Basel, Boston: Birkhäuser Verlag.
676:Kaiser Wilhelm Society organisations
575:Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
413:Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry
397:1938–1945 and 1948–1951.
297:, who had been the president of the
287:Georg August University of Göttingen
1276:Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics
432:Max Planck Institute for Biophysics
2028:Organizations of the German Empire
1286:Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
469:Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
255:Allied Occupation Zones in Germany
25:
840:List of Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes
760:Institute for Theoretical Physics
637:, who was the director 1911-1933.
422:was incorporated into the KWG by
1301:Study of Crime, Security and Law
1137:– Deutsches Historisches Museum.
1092:
1071:. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
650:Max Planck Institute for Physics
631:Fritz Haber Institute of the MPG
538:Max Planck Institute for History
406:Max Planck Institute for Biology
374:, founded 1926 in Berlin-Dahlem.
2023:Nuclear program of Nazi Germany
265:, and he was still interned at
249:to Göttingen, which was in the
152:, the group, and in particular
2008:1911 establishments in Germany
1645:Molecular and Cellular Biology
1321:Dynamics and Self-Organization
1048:Hentschel, Klaus, ed. (1996).
1011:. Göttingen: Wallstein. p. 13.
1:
1391:Immunobiology and Epigenetics
1351:Friedrich Miescher Laboratory
1436:Social Law and Social Policy
1291:Research on Collective Goods
726:Institutions outside Germany
1896:Christiane NĂĽsslein-Volhard
1451:Mathematics in the Sciences
1151:20th Century Press Archives
1007:Kunze, Rolf-Ulrich (2004).
545:August Friedrich Thienemann
2044:
1972:Max Planck Digital Library
1701:Experimental Endocrinology
1612:Ernst StrĂĽngmann Institute
1536:Molecular Plant Physiology
1506:Physics of Complex Systems
1501:Chemical Physics of Solids
1481:Multidisciplinary Sciences
1421:Tax Law and Public Finance
1406:Innovation and Competition
1336:Chemical Energy Conversion
1067:Macrakis, Kristie (1993).
180:. In fact, members of the
1959:
1211:Evolutionary Anthropology
668:KWI for Textile Chemistry
404:in 1943. It was then the
359:Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes
140:External to Germany, the
2013:Legal history of Germany
1721:Physics and Astrophysics
1516:Extraterrestrial Physics
1486:Neurobiology of Behavior
1471:Terrestrial Microbiology
1386:Science of Human History
1111:KWG & MPG Presidents
989:Macrakis, 1993, 187-198.
178:Nazi concentration camps
100:August von Trott zu Solz
90:, Friedrich von Ilberg,
1640:Heart and Lung Research
1531:Plant Breeding Research
1371:Heart and Lung Research
1296:Colloids and Interfaces
1251:Biological Intelligence
1141:Max Planck Gesellschaft
1020:Kunze (2004), p. 47-48.
558:in 1921. It is now the
303:Max Planck Gesellschaft
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1726:Psychological Research
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1099:Kaiser Wilhelm Society
1033:Schmuhl, Hans-Walter:
701:Rossitten Bird Station
520:Reginald Oliver Herzog
462:Rockefeller Foundation
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245:could be brought from
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1944:Svante Pääbo
1908:Gerhard Ertl
1878:Bert Sakmann
1866:Robert Huber
1824:Feodor Lynen
1818:Karl Ziegler
1797:(since 2023)
1777:Hubert Markl
1711:Neurobiology
1696:Cell Biology
1241:Biochemistry
1226:Astrophysics
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867:. Retrieved
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826:
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806:the original
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659:in Dortmund.
646:Max von Laue
571:Max Bergmann
307:Max von Laue
279:
251:British zone
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171:
147:
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104:
96:Carl Neuberg
74:Constitution
51:
49:
1884:Erwin Neher
1854:Ernst Ruska
1791:(2014–2023)
1785:(2002–2014)
1783:Peter Gruss
1779:(1996–2002)
1773:(1990–1996)
1767:(1984–1990)
1765:Heinz Staab
1761:(1972–1984)
1759:Reimar LĂĽst
1755:(1960–1972)
1749:(1948–1960)
1716:Ornithology
1491:Ornithology
1461:Meteorology
1446:Mathematics
1401:Informatics
1135:(in German)
635:Fritz Haber
622:located in
614:in 1929 by
579:Martinsried
487:Ernst Rabel
408:until 2005.
366:Dummerstorf
343:(1941–1945)
337:(1937–1940)
325:(1911–1930)
154:Fritz Haber
150:World War I
124:Fritz Haber
116:Peter Debye
2002:Categories
1740:Presidents
1551:Psychiatry
1266:Biophysics
1202:Institutes
976:2019-07-28
971:www.mpg.de
952:2019-07-28
947:www.mpg.de
928:2019-07-28
923:www.mpg.de
869:2019-07-28
864:www.mpg.de
780:References
709:Radolfzell
616:Erwin Baur
612:MĂĽncheberg
586:Heidelberg
556:DĂĽsseldorf
506:Heidelberg
439:Oskar Vogt
335:Carl Bosch
329:Max Planck
317:Presidents
243:Max Planck
222:war crimes
214:Nazi Party
212:and early
202:eye colour
194:Auschwitz.
158:poison gas
1747:Otto Hahn
1281:Chemistry
1221:Astronomy
785:Citations
705:Rossitten
605:Stuttgart
347:Otto Hahn
267:Farm Hall
259:Otto Hahn
247:Magdeburg
235:Göttingen
128:Otto Hahn
1128:Archived
905:11197188
897:23332180
843:Archived
768:See also
735:in Rome.
715:Silesian
460:and the
402:TĂĽbingen
289:and the
228:Post-war
1691:Biology
1511:Physics
1153:of the
1149:in the
719:Breslau
624:Cologne
567:Dresden
495:Hamburg
476:MĂĽlheim
253:of the
1952:(2023)
1946:(2022)
1940:(2021)
1934:(2021)
1928:(2020)
1922:(2020)
1916:(2014)
1910:(2007)
1904:(2005)
1898:(1995)
1892:(1995)
1886:(1991)
1880:(1991)
1874:(1988)
1868:(1988)
1862:(1988)
1856:(1986)
1850:(1985)
1844:(1984)
1838:(1973)
1832:(1967)
1826:(1964)
1820:(1963)
1814:(1954)
1075:
1056:
1041:
903:
895:
552:Aachen
454:Berlin
450:Dahlem
218:crimes
190:Jewish
56:German
893:JSTOR
809:(PDF)
802:(PDF)
752:Other
379:Sorau
208:, an
1073:ISBN
1054:ISBN
1039:ISBN
901:PMID
682:KWG.
309:and
126:and
50:The
1155:ZBW
603:in
588:by
577:in
569:by
504:in
493:in
456:by
2004::
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