876:
48:
1799:
1956:
1304:
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1076:
1599:
166:
645:
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the ana tree. On a typical day, desert elephants travel up to sixty kilometres over rocky, difficult terrain between feeding areas and waterholes. When water is truly scarce, as in times of drought, they dig holes, commonly known as gorras, in the dry riverbeds. Water seeps up from below the surface creating a much needed water source for themselves, and for other animals in the area; unlike other elephants, which drink daily, desert elephants have been known to survive without water for up to four days.
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1367:
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62:
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406:
1838:
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191:
387:(homelands) for different African ethnic groups. Kaokoland was thus established as a bantustan for the Himba people, who in the 1920s had come back from Angola into Namibia. Despite its scarce population, Kaokoland was greatly affected by the struggle for independence of Namibia, and most specifically by the so-called "
418:
and pastoral habits. In recent times, contacts between Himbas and
Western tourists are becoming more and more common, especially in the most easily accessible regions of Kaokoland (e.g., the surroundings of Opuwo). While this has partially affected the Himba culture, Himbas have essentially remained
456:
They are commonly roaming the dry riverbeds of the westward flowing Huab, Hoanib, Hoarusib, and Khumib rivers. It is along these riverbeds that the animals find the occasional spring fed waterhole and most of their nutrient rich foods: mopane bark, tamarisk, reeds, and the pods, bark, and leaves of
448:
desert). Its longer legs, bigger feet, and incredible ability to withstand periods of drought all gave valid reasons to think so. Today, however, it is not considered a different species, rather regarded as only 'desert adapted.' The herds in this area remain separate from other elephant herds in
452:
The desert elephant populate a three-thousand square kilometre range and regularly travel up to two hundred kilometres in search of water. They only drink every three or four days, compared to elephants in Etosha drinking 100 to 200 L of water a day. They also seem to be more environmentally
413:
The Himba people are the descendants of a Herero group that got isolated from the others in the 19th century. While the Herero people later experienced German rule and drastically changed their lifestyle as well as their costumes, the Himba retained much of their traditional,
427:
Fauna in
Kaokoland suffered from a severe crippling between 1977 and 1982, as well as from poaching throughout the 1970s, but has been recovering afterwards. It includes several desert-dwelling species, most notably a population of
449:
Namibia and only appear to have longer legs and bigger feet, because they eat less than elephants living in more food abundant areas such as Etosha
National Park, the Caprivi, and the Chobe region in Botswana.
261:
ecoregion. The area is one of the wildest and least populated areas in
Namibia, with a population density of one person every 2 km (1/4 of the national average). The most represented
2063:
577:
209:
2073:
2058:
2068:
379:
to administer the territory of
Namibia, which became, for all practical purposes, a province of South Africa. South Africa also applied to Namibia the principles of
250:. Like other homelands in South West Africa, the Kaokoland bantustan was abolished in May 1989, at the beginning of the transition of Namibia towards independence.
440:
because of their shorter legs and specific, desert-adapted behaviour (the only other place in Africa where elephants have adapted to a desert environment being
2053:
363:
people. In the second half of the 19th century, a group of Herero crossed the Kunene River, migrating north to what is now Angola, joining with the
453:
conscious than other elephants: unlike other elephants, the desert-adapted elephant rarely knock over trees, break branches, or tear away bark.
2009:
633:
581:
47:
530:
Kaokoland is one of the wildest regions of
Southern Africa, with very few roads and structures. The only road that is accessible to non-
16:
This article is about the administrative unit of
Namibia before independence. For the administrative unit after independence, see
253:"Kaokoland" remains as an informal name for the geographic area, while the political unit of administration since 1990 has been
1481:
945:
940:
840:
794:
269:, who account for about 5,000 of the overall 16,000 inhabitants of Kaokoland. The main settlement in Kaokoland was the city of
919:
367:
in
Southern Angola; the modern day Himba people originated from this Angolan Herero group. In 1884, Kaokoland became part of
845:
325:, both formed by the Kunene river. The northern part of Kaokoland is greener, with vegetation thriving valleys such as the
503:
After the end of the bush war, Kaokoland has become a common tourist destination in
Namibia, due to its proximity to the
538:. Many roads in Kaokoland are often in very bad condition and may even be challenging for 4WDs, especially during the
611:
61:
371:, and the Namibian Herero people changed much of their habits and costumes as a consequence of German rule. After
1925:
463:
were extinguished in the area in 1983, but they have been reintroduced. Other species found in
Kaokoland include
1207:
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1917:
1497:
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388:
368:
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1344:
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1410:
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515:), and the opportunity to visit traditional Himba villages. Notable landmarks in the area include the
1815:
1752:
1642:
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330:
313:(to the east). The land is generally dry and rocky, especially to the south, where it borders on the
1426:
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644:
317:; nevertheless, it has several rivers as well as falls. The most notable falls in Kaokoland are the
1744:
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1138:
819:
619:
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reaching their maximum elevation at 2039 m. Other notable mountain ranges of Kaokoland include the
1972:
1870:
1705:
1560:
1418:
1336:
429:
342:
137:
660:
437:
376:
231:
171:
1650:
1615:
1568:
1215:
460:
302:
246:, but an actual government was never established, and the territory was administered by the
1933:
1878:
1576:
1320:
1160:
559:
507:(to the south), the unspoiled nature (with several spots suitable for activities such as
1980:
1862:
1776:
1552:
1544:
1242:
875:
870:
685:
606:
542:. Most services such as shops, a hospital and a fuel station, are only found in Opuwo.
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2042:
1623:
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17:
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243:
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516:
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1895:
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79:
2024:
2011:
1464:
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1075:
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75:
21:
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1798:
1793:
731:
508:
480:
476:
364:
235:
184:
391:" that was fought across the border with Angola (i.e., in Kaokoland).
1955:
1950:
1837:
1832:
966:
961:
741:
736:
690:
445:
298:
290:
1303:
1298:
700:
535:
494:
415:
404:
280:
270:
90:
468:
464:
441:
862:
615:
531:
242:
era, it was intended to be a self-governing homeland of the
1965:
1949:
1910:
1894:
1847:
1831:
1808:
1792:
1737:
1721:
1682:
1666:
1635:
1608:
1592:
1529:
1513:
1474:
1458:
1403:
1376:
1360:
1313:
1297:
1274:
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1235:
1192:
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1106:
1090:
1069:
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119:
109:
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85:
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31:
214:Allocation of land to bantustans according to the
301:). It is largely mountainous, with the northern
297:(that also marks the border between Namibia and
289:The Kaokoland area extends south-north from the
534:vehicles is the one connecting Sesfontein and
2064:States and territories disestablished in 1989
627:
375:, South Africa received the mandate from the
8:
578:"Desert Elephants, Safari in Namibia |"
432:that are sometimes classified as a distinct
2074:1989 disestablishments in South West Africa
2059:States and territories established in 1980
1962:
1907:
1844:
1805:
1734:
1679:
1605:
1526:
1471:
1373:
1310:
1271:
1189:
1150:
1103:
1043:
973:
882:
859:
758:
675:
668:
634:
620:
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208:
60:
28:
2069:1980 establishments in South West Africa
351:, Kaokoland was mostly inhabited by the
551:
383:, including the creation of distinct
118:
108:
104:
7:
1246:(1987–94) (Head of Military Council)
238:). Established in 1980 during the
218:. Kaokoland is in the north-west.
121:• Re-integrated into Namibia
14:
1084:No central government established
954:No central government established
321:(120 m high, 700 m wide) and the
226:was an administrative unit and a
1954:
1899:
1836:
1797:
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1142:
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1035:
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643:
189:
164:
46:
2054:Bantustans in South West Africa
1482:Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi
1:
419:faithful to their tradition.
2090:
1208:Zwelibanzi Maneli Mabandla
1161:Johannes "Hans" Diergaardt
1011:Pieter van Rensburg Goosen
864:Leaders and Administrators
523:, Himba villages, and the
491:Tourism and transportation
398:
340:
15:
1926:Cornelius Tuhafeni Ndjoba
858:
667:
607:Kaokoland at namibian.org
285:Rocky desert in Kaokoland
143:
129:
105:
78:de facto administered by
59:
43:
38:
20:. For the ecoregion, see
1918:Fillemon Elifas Shuumbwa
1879:Mogoboya Nelson Ramodike
1498:Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo
369:German South West Africa
1855:Mokgama Maurice Matlala
444:, on the border of the
309:(to the north) and the
1761:George Majozi Mahlangu
1392:Richard Muhinda Mamili
1015:Bongani Blessing Finca
901:Rocky Malebane-Metsing
500:
499:Mountains in Kaokoland
410:
286:
1981:Tsiame Kenneth Mopeli
1863:Cedric Namedi Phatudi
498:
408:
284:
257:. The area is in the
248:leaders of Hereroland
66:Map of the bantustan.
1816:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
1624:Mangisi Cephas Zitha
1282:Constance Kgosiemang
679:Nominal independence
505:Etosha National Park
2021: /
1769:Jonas Masana Mabena
1345:Tshamano Ramabulana
920:Tjaart van der Walt
111:• Established
1706:Sebastian Kamwanga
1619:(1970–81, 1984–91)
1561:Thimoteus Tjamuaha
1435:I.J. van der Merwe
1411:Josiah Moraliswane
1384:Josiah Moraliswane
1337:Gabriel Ramushwana
788:No self-governance
501:
411:
343:History of Namibia
311:Hartmann Mountains
307:Otjihipa Mountains
287:
138:South African rand
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1945:
1944:
1890:
1889:
1827:
1826:
1788:
1787:
1717:
1716:
1698:Alfons Shashipapo
1662:
1661:
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1587:
1509:
1508:
1454:
1453:
1356:
1355:
1293:
1292:
1254:
1253:
1172:
1171:
1133:
1132:
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1064:
1026:
1025:
935:
934:
854:
853:
755:South West Africa
750:
749:
661:South West Africa
438:African elephants
377:League of Nations
232:South West Africa
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
177:
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172:South West Africa
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2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2031:
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2019:
2018:
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2014:
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1977:
1963:
1959:
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1922:
1908:
1904:
1903:
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1840:
1820:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1781:
1773:
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1735:
1731:
1730:
1710:
1702:
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1690:Linus Shashipapo
1680:
1676:
1675:
1655:
1651:Enos John Mabuza
1647:
1628:
1620:
1616:Enos John Mabuza
1606:
1602:
1601:
1581:
1573:
1569:Erastus Tjejamba
1565:
1557:
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1527:
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1447:
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1388:
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1370:
1369:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1325:
1311:
1307:
1306:
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1268:
1267:
1247:
1228:
1220:
1216:Kaiser Matanzima
1212:
1204:
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1186:
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1151:
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1114:Cornelius Cloete
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613:
594:
593:
591:
589:
580:. Archived from
574:
568:
567:
564:www.geonames.org
556:
430:desert elephants
395:The Himba people
303:Baynes Mountains
212:
193:
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167:
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160:
145:
144:
93:
64:
50:
29:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2082:
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2079:
2078:
2039:
2038:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2005:
1988:
1983:
1975:
1966:Chief Minister:
1953:
1941:
1936:
1934:Peter Kalangula
1928:
1920:
1911:Chief Minister:
1898:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1865:
1857:
1848:Chief Minister:
1835:
1823:
1818:
1809:Chief Minister:
1796:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1753:Klaas Mtshiweni
1747:
1738:Chief Minister:
1725:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1683:Chief Minister:
1670:
1658:
1653:
1646:(June–Dec 1982)
1645:
1643:N.J. Badenhorst
1631:
1626:
1618:
1609:Chief Minister:
1596:
1584:
1579:
1577:Gottlob Mbaukua
1571:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1539:
1517:
1505:
1500:
1492:
1484:
1475:Chief Minister:
1462:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1399:
1394:
1387:(Mar–Sept 1976)
1386:
1377:Chief Minister:
1364:
1352:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1323:
1321:Patrick Mphephu
1301:
1289:
1284:
1262:
1250:
1245:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1210:
1202:
1180:
1168:
1163:
1141:
1129:
1124:
1116:
1094:
1086:
1073:
1061:
1056:
1034:
1022:
1018:(Mar–Apr 1994)
1017:
999:
994:
986:
964:
956:
943:
931:
927:(Mar–Apr 1994)
926:
908:
903:
895:
873:
865:
850:
829:
783:
762:Self-governance
746:
710:Self-governance
705:
663:
642:
640:
603:
598:
597:
587:
585:
584:on 2 April 2012
576:
575:
571:
558:
557:
553:
548:
525:Ondurusa Rapids
493:
485:mountain zebras
425:
403:
397:
345:
339:
331:Hartmann Valley
279:
221:
220:
219:
190:
165:
122:
112:
89:
67:
55:
52:
51:
34:
25:
12:
11:
5:
2087:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2040:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1969:
1967:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1914:
1912:
1905:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1812:
1810:
1803:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1777:James Mahlangu
1774:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1741:
1739:
1732:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1639:
1637:
1636:Administrator:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1603:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1558:
1553:Kuaima Riruako
1550:
1545:Clemens Kapuuo
1542:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1493:(Mar–Apr 1993)
1487:
1478:
1476:
1469:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1440:
1438:(Mar–Aug 1986)
1432:
1427:F.P.J. Visagie
1424:
1422:(Jul–Aug 1984)
1416:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1348:(Jan–Apr 1994)
1342:
1334:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1314:Head of State:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1276:
1275:Head of State:
1269:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:Bantu Holomisa
1239:
1237:
1236:Administrator:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1193:Head of State:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1154:Head of State:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1122:Daniel Luipert
1119:
1110:
1108:
1107:Head of State:
1101:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1054:Justus ǁGaroëb
1050:
1048:
1047:Head of State:
1041:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1007:
1005:
1004:Administrator:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
989:
980:
978:
977:Head of State:
971:
958:
957:
952:
950:
937:
936:
933:
932:
930:
929:
916:
914:
913:Administrator:
910:
909:
907:
906:
898:
889:
887:
886:Head of State:
880:
871:Bophuthatswana
867:
866:
863:
856:
855:
852:
851:
849:
848:
843:
837:
835:
831:
830:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
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802:
797:
791:
789:
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784:
782:
781:
776:
771:
765:
763:
756:
752:
751:
748:
747:
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744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
713:
711:
707:
706:
704:
703:
698:
693:
688:
686:Bophuthatswana
682:
680:
673:
665:
664:
641:
639:
638:
631:
624:
616:
610:
609:
602:
601:External links
599:
596:
595:
569:
560:"GeoNames.org"
550:
549:
547:
544:
492:
489:
424:
421:
399:Main article:
396:
393:
341:Main article:
338:
335:
278:
275:
213:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
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73:
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32:
13:
10:
9:
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3:
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2086:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Kunene Region
2047:
2046:
2044:
2037:
2034:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1952:
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1932:
1927:
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1745:Simon Skosana
1743:
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1707:
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1512:
1499:
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1491:
1490:Edward Mhinga
1488:
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1473:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1444:
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1393:
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1300:
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1277:
1273:
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1266:
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1244:
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1240:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1224:Tutor Ndamase
1222:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
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1175:
1162:
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1123:
1120:
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1077:
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1033:
1029:
1016:
1012:
1009:
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993:
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985:
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951:
947:
942:
938:
925:
921:
918:
917:
915:
911:
902:
899:
894:
893:Lucas Mangope
891:
890:
888:
884:
881:
877:
872:
868:
861:
857:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
832:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
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796:
793:
792:
790:
786:
780:
777:
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760:
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743:
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738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
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723:
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658:
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637:
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623:
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614:
608:
605:
604:
600:
583:
579:
573:
570:
565:
561:
555:
552:
545:
543:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
497:
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
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431:
422:
420:
417:
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402:
394:
392:
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386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
344:
336:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:Ruacana Falls
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:river to the
292:
283:
276:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:Kunene Region
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
217:
216:Odendaal Plan
211:
188:
186:
183:
182:
179:
173:
170:
163:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
150:
147:
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139:
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132:
128:
124:
114:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
63:
58:
49:
42:
37:
30:
27:
23:
19:
18:Kunene Region
2006:
1973:Wessel Motha
1537:Hosea Kutako
1443:A. G. Visser
1362:East Caprivi
1329:Frank Ravele
1200:Botha Sigcau
1083:
1070:
953:
809:
769:East Caprivi
672:South Africa
657:South Africa
588:10 September
586:. Retrieved
582:the original
572:
563:
554:
540:rainy season
529:
502:
461:Black rhinos
459:
455:
451:
426:
412:
401:Himba people
346:
315:Namib Desert
295:Kunene river
288:
267:Himba people
263:ethnic group
252:
230:in northern
223:
222:
154:Succeeded by
153:
148:
26:
2028: /
1871:Z.T. Seleka
1668:Kavangoland
1419:H.J. Becker
984:Lennox Sebe
941:Bushmanland
924:Job Mokgoro
795:Bushmanland
774:Kavangoland
517:Epupa Falls
409:Himba woman
373:World War I
349:colonialism
327:Marienfluss
323:Epupa Falls
149:Preceded by
2043:Categories
1896:Ovamboland
1874:(Oct 1987)
1756:(Nov 1986)
1723:KwaNdebele
1515:Hereroland
1260:Tswanaland
1057:(1980–89)
1032:Damaraland
992:Oupa Gqozo
904:(Feb 1988)
825:Tswanaland
805:Hereroland
800:Damaraland
779:Ovamboland
727:KwaNdebele
653:Bantustans
546:References
521:Sesfontein
473:springboks
434:subspecies
385:bantustans
80:Hereroland
2025:18°S 13°E
1984:(1975–94)
1976:(1974–75)
1937:(1981–89)
1929:(1975–81)
1921:(1973–75)
1882:(1987–94)
1866:(1973–87)
1858:(1972–73)
1819:(1977–94)
1780:(1990–94)
1772:(1989–90)
1764:(1986–89)
1748:(1981–86)
1709:(1981–89)
1701:(1977–81)
1693:(1973–77)
1654:(1982–84)
1627:(1991–94)
1580:(1984–89)
1572:(1987–88)
1564:(1980–84)
1556:(1978–80)
1548:(1970–78)
1540:(1968–70)
1530:Chairman:
1501:(1993–94)
1485:(1973–93)
1460:Gazankulu
1446:(1986–89)
1430:(1984–86)
1414:(1981–84)
1404:Chairman:
1395:(1976–81)
1340:(1990–94)
1332:(1988–90)
1324:(1978–88)
1285:(1980–89)
1227:(1986–94)
1219:(1979–86)
1211:(1978–79)
1203:(1976–78)
1164:(1979–89)
1125:(1985–89)
1117:(1980–85)
1071:Kaokoland
995:(1990–94)
987:(1981–90)
896:(1968–94)
841:Coloureds
834:Post-1980
810:Kaokoland
717:Gazankulu
650:Apartheid
477:ostriches
381:apartheid
277:Geography
259:Kaokoveld
240:apartheid
228:bantustan
224:Kaokoland
76:Bantustan
39:1980–1989
33:Kaokoland
22:Kaokoveld
1594:KaNgwane
1178:Transkei
1139:Rehoboth
1092:Namaland
820:Rehoboth
815:Namaland
722:KaNgwane
696:Transkei
513:trekking
481:giraffes
389:bush war
244:Ovahimba
134:Currency
125:May 1989
2030:-18; 13
1794:KwaZulu
732:KwaZulu
509:rafting
416:nomadic
365:Bushmen
347:Before
337:History
265:is the
236:Namibia
185:Namibia
98:History
86:Capital
1951:QwaQwa
1833:Lebowa
962:Ciskei
846:Whites
742:QwaQwa
737:Lebowa
691:Ciskei
465:oryxes
446:Sahara
361:Herero
359:, and
353:Ovambo
299:Angola
291:Hoanib
101:
72:Status
1299:Venda
701:Venda
536:Opuwo
469:kudus
423:Fauna
271:Opuwo
234:(now
91:Opuwo
2016:13°E
2013:18°S
1013:and
922:and
659:and
590:2011
511:and
483:and
442:Mali
357:Nama
329:and
115:1980
54:Flag
655:in
532:4WD
436:of
2045::
562:.
527:.
519:,
487:.
479:,
475:,
471:,
467:,
355:,
333:.
273:.
635:e
628:t
621:v
592:.
566:.
24:.
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