558:"A military and civic subscription ball was given at Platt's Hall, on the evening of Friday, December 27, 1861, complimentary to the officers of the Russian steam corvette Calevala, by the citizens of San Francisco, as a token of the public appreciation of the friendly spirit manifested by the Emperor of all the Russia toward our federal government. All arrangements for this ball were confided to the members of the "City Guard" by a committee of the most prominent people. Lieutenant Wm. C. Little was the floor manager, assisted by four non-commissioned officers of the company. Captain Clark, chairman of the reception committee, was assisted by all the other members of the company, every one being in the full fancy uniform of the corps. The "press", in describing the affair, spoke thus of the "City Guard": "One of the most spirited and efficient of our local uniform militia companies, whose proverbial good taste was fully sustained in the admirable manner in which the ball was conducted."
247:"San Francisco’s harbor records and the Russian Consular records display the names of many Finnish and Baltic Russian Alaska skippers busily plying the waters between San Francisco, Petropavlovsk, Nikolajefsk and Vladivostok." ... "Long before the turn of the century 11% of San Francisco’s seaman community were Finns. The commercial activities of these former Finnish Russian-American Company skippers and their men were impressive. At least two are known to have become multimillionaires: Gustaf Nybom (later Niebaum), the founder of Inglenook wineries, and Otto Wilhelm Lindholm of Vladivostok. Their business ventures had interests spread across the Northern Pacific. This activity continued until 1922 and the Soviet terror, when Vladivostok's numerous Finns and Manchurians were rounded up, marched to the central square and shot."
240:"Significant too is that from the early 1800s the Finnish seamen sailing these ships had journeyed up and down the North and South American coasts. Salt, used by the Company in preserving pelts, was obtained on islands in Baja California. Fort Ross in Bodega Bay, just north of San Francisco, was a stop on that route until 1841 when the fort was sold to the “swindler” Johann Sutter, on whose land the first California Gold was found. Thus, all Finnish seamen plying these waters knew every nook and cranny on these shores. Similarly they knew equally well the coast on the Asiatic side. Returning to Finland on their mandatory around-the-world journeys, they spread the news of the riches they had seen."
233:"Russia relied heavily on Finnish seamen. These seamen manned Russian naval ships as well as its deep-sea-going vessels. Company records show that in the early 1800s these ships were crewed predominantly by merchant seamen from Finland. From 1840 onward the Company’s around-the-world ships were manned entirely by Finnish merchant skippers and crews. Most Company ships stationed in Sitka and the Northern Pacific were likewise manned by Finnish skippers and Finnish crews."
668:
damages worth c. $ 300'000. 400 sailors of the
Russian fleet participated in the firefight, together with the local firefighters. When the firefight was over, lives of six of the sailors had been lost. The San Francisco Fire Department came out of the fight without any casualties. The residents of San Francisco decorated with gold medals the sailors who had been wounded. Special thanks was given e.g. to Lieutenant Etholén (not same as Governor
569:
552:
as a present. The day after Boxing Day, a festive dinner party was arranged in honor of the officers of
Kalevala at the concert hall of the newly opened Platt's Hall, located at the northeastern corner of Bush and Montgomery Streets. The website of the California State Military Museum provides the
667:
starting on
October 12, 1863. While the Russian fleet was visiting San Francisco, a large fire burst out in the city, destroying fully a block of buildings between California and Sacramento Streets in downtown San Francisco, in the area today referred to as the Financial District. The fire caused
70:
became the currency of
Finland from 1860 onward). The corvette had 15 cannons. The displacement of the vessel was 1500 tons. The ship was set afloat on July 2, 1858. In December, 1858, the Military Commissary of Finland hired machinists and boiler-men to work on the ship. In March, 1859, offers
675:
On
October 17, 1863, a dinner reception was organized in honor of the 35 officers of the Russian fleet. The San Francisco residents willing to attend the event were charged a $ 100 attendance fee, which at the time was considered highly expensive. Still 50 years after the event, the local San
79:. From the start, Finnish Baron Otto Carpelan operated as the captain of the ship. Finnish Paul Karl Toppelius (later promoted to rear admiral) became the head of the officers serving on the ship. Still during the springtime of 1860, machinists were hired for the ship's sailing season of 1860.
547:
anchored in San
Francisco on November 14, 1861. Accordingly, Kalevala's visit in the city received a very warm welcome and created much attention. Kalevala stayed in San Francisco over the Christmas holidays. On Christmas Day, the City of San Francisco presented the officers of Kalevala a
479:
at a fixed price. A problem was caused by the product melting down on the way to the warmer climates. The ice contract became a very awkward deal for the
Finnish-Russian colony. Furuhjelm arranged for a new contract to sell ice to San Francisco: 3'000 tons at $ 25.00 a ton.
223:
in 1859-1864. A third Finn, Johan
Joachim von Bartram, declined the offer for the five-year term between 1850 and 1855. All three were high ranking Imperial naval officers. Researcher Maria J. Enckell states the following about the Finns in the
147:
The voyage was headed by Rear
Admiral Andrei Alexandrovitš Popov. According to at least one Russian source, Otto Carpelan continued as the captain of Kalevala beyond this voyage, in the duties assigned for the vessel in the service of the
152:. According to another source, also Vladimir Davydov skippered Kalevala, and from 1863 also Fedor Želtuhin (Федор Николаевич Желтухин). In June, 1861, a year after the first Russian military camp had been established in
160:, the crew of Kalevala erected the first church of the future city. The construction of the church was completed together with local soldiers from Vladivostok. In 1863, the crew of Kalevala mapped the islands around
778:
during the course of the entire war, fought in 1861-1865. As the navy of the Union was a one ocean navy, concentrated in the
Atlantic waters, the help of the Russian Imperial Navy was of critical importance to the
1419:
820:
1645:
1700:
199:(3 - starting in 1817) (distant from the North American landmass in the Pacific Ocean and therefore more commonly associated with the other territories of
1655:
483:
The Finnish Chief Managers of Russian America Etholén and Furuhjelm helped pave way for the American Alaska purchase, and the Finnish Sea Captain
27:
572:
A festive dinner party arranged in honor of Admiral Popoff and the naval officers of the Russian Pacific Fleet visiting San Francisco in 1863.
918:("The History of the Finnish-Americans - Vol. 1"). Publisher: Suomalais-luterilaisten kustannusiiikkeen Kirjapainos. 1919. Hancock, Michigan.
1690:
1680:
1665:
71:
of food supplies for the crew were solicited. In the early summer of 1859, the steam engines of the vessel were tested at the
812:
1695:
1625:
on the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the Russian Baltic Fleet in New York City and San Francisco in the fall of 1863.
837:
on the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the Russian Baltic Fleet in New York City and San Francisco in the fall of 1863.
543:, a number of Finns had become household names in the social circles of San Francisco by the time when the Finnish corvette
356:
arrived in Sitka, under the command of Finnish Johan Joachim von Bartram (who later declined the opportunity to govern the
1670:
1650:
1159:
1134:
1109:
1068:
1043:
992:
867:
Index to Baptisms, Marriages and Deaths in the Archives of the Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church in Alaska, 1816-1866
1593:
1685:
1675:
499:
in 1867. As a legacy of their accomplishment, their names can still today be found on the map in several places on the
680:
marveled the fabulous service of the reception. The squadron departed San Francisco in August, 1864. It returned to
637:
463:(1858-1864), he put an end to the hostilities with the natives in Alaska. He also succeeded in abolishing the Alaskan
164:. At that time, a bay in the area was named after Kalevala. It is located in the Posjet Bay, which is a part of the
120:. The long journey started from Kronstadt on October 18, 1860. In addition to Kalevala, the squadron heading to the
1389:
1361:
1340:
1319:
1298:
720:
starting on September 24, 1863. The squadron was commanded by Rear Admiral Stepan Lesovski. The occasion gave the
1478:
1358:
In 1836–1839, the ships ”Nicolai I” and ”Naslednik Aleksandr” were built in Turku for the Russian American Company.
660:
59:
1660:
890:. The California History magazine, 1960, No. 39, pages 289–308. San Francisco: The California Historical Society.
549:
257:
568:
92:
With the 1858 Peace Treaty of Aigun and the 1860 Peace Treaty of Peking, Russia extended its territories in the
911:("Finnish Immigrants of Siberia"). FENNIA: Bulletin de la So & de Geographie de Finland no. 22 (1904-1905).
862:. The California History magazine, 1948, No. 26. Pages 13–19. San Francisco: The California Historical Society.
388:
225:
204:
1618:
The only concrete foreign military support received by the Union Army during the course of the U.S. Civil War.
1622:
834:
788:
1616:
828:
709:
669:
649:
577:
536:
532:
452:
417:
253:
220:
216:
149:
97:
43:
39:
35:
584:
to the West Coast of the United States, to help defend the waters there against a possible attack by the
58:
The corvette was designed by the ship designer Jörgensen, under the auspices of the Finnish Vice Admiral
933:
729:
448:, after news of this were spread abroad, mainly by the seamen serving for the Russian-American Company.
364:
203:). Formal incorporation of the possessions by Russia did not take place until the establishment of the
1092:
1581:
733:
701:
524:
445:
165:
825:, M. J. Enckell. Article published in 'Siirtolaisuus - Migration', 4/2002. Pages 16–22. Turku, 2002.
62:(1802-1880), who was promoted to admiral in 1866. The construction of the vessel was funded by the
1705:
1233:
101:
1424:
M. J. Enckell. Article published in 'Siirtolaisuus - Migration', 4/2002. Pages 16-22. Turku, 2002.
593:
441:
1598:
1567:
1209:
804:
732:, fought in September 19–20, 1863, only four days before the arrival of the Russian fleet. The
1019:
770:
expedition in 1861-1862 were the only concrete foreign military support received by President
292:
and other areas, and in 1821-1823 he explored and mapped the utmost northwestern edges of the
63:
31:
289:
157:
105:
1482:
1393:
1365:
1344:
1323:
1302:
1261:
784:
771:
763:
759:
745:
713:
705:
653:
601:
540:
508:
500:
484:
472:
460:
456:
421:
391:. From the start, in 1840-1865, three consecutive Finnish pastors served this pastorate:
357:
333:
273:
212:
176:
1405:
1295:"Long before the turn of the century 11% of San Francisco’s seaman community were Finns."
1198:
284:") under Russian rule. As a captain of several ships, Etholén then sailed from Sitka to
1421:
The Finnish migration to and from Russian Alaska and the Pacific Siberian Rim 1800–1900
822:
The Finnish migration to and from Russian Alaska and the Pacific Siberian Rim 1800–1900
755:
633:
585:
108:. Baron Otto Carpelan remained the captain of Kalevala on the sail of the vessel from
67:
47:
1276:
1639:
1516:
1257:
1221:
1186:
830:
The only foreign military assistance received during the course of the U.S. Civil War
792:
751:
717:
664:
528:
512:
504:
496:
476:
468:
380:
345:
325:
313:
305:
297:
269:
180:
117:
1556:
1519:, Finnish generals and admirals in the Russian Armed Forces, 1809–1917 (in Finnish).
696:
Russian Baltic Fleet in the U.S. East Coast in 1863-1864 - during the U.S. Civil War
491:
in San Francisco played a critical role in the final striking of the deal that made
440:. On January 24, 1848, the first California gold was discovered on Sutter's land in
66:. The total cost of the ship's construction was 342'804 Russian silver rubles (the
393:
1531:
1433:
1461:
City Guard (San Francisco) – California Militia and National Guard Unit Histories
1445:
1337:
The brig ”Baikal” was built in Helsinki (1847) and the corvette ”Varjag” in Oulu.
1545:
1199:Экспедиция русского флота к берегам Северной Америки (18 июля 1863–20 июля 1864)
741:
581:
507:
was named after Etholén (a.k.a. Etolin) by the United States in the wake of the
437:
376:
293:
281:
161:
153:
1460:
881:
Imperial Russia in Frontier Alaska: the Changing Geography of Supply and Demand
1305:
Scandinavian Immigration to Russian Alaska, 1800-1867. M.J. Enckell. Page 112.
1279:
Chief Manager of Russian America in 1859-1864, admiral, explorer (in Finnish).
780:
775:
725:
721:
685:
433:
429:
368:
317:
285:
192:
184:
113:
72:
692:
was removed from active service and from the Russian Navy Registry in 1872.
681:
596:(April 12, 1861 – May 10, 1865). In addition to the Finnish-built corvette
425:
341:
329:
261:
109:
76:
1493:
930:
The City and the Tsar: Peter the Great and the Move to the West, 1648-1762.
860:
Welcome To The Czar's Fleet, An Incident of Civil War Days in San Francisco
1384:
1356:
1335:
1314:
1293:
1031:
969:
Handbok för Sjöfarande: Sammanfattade Efter Nyaste In- Och Utrikes Källor
640:). Among Finnish officers participating in the expedition were also Mr.
628:
and launched in 1860. Finnish officers serving in the squadron included
372:
121:
93:
23:
1504:
1475:
948:
Alaska Shipping 1867-1878: Arrivals and Departures at the Port of Sitka.
384:
208:
200:
1446:
Platt's Hall at the northeastern corner of Bush and Montgomery Streets
736:
stayed in the American waters for seven months, paying side visits to
527:
and in its aftermath, a substantial Finnish population had settled in
1626:
895:
The End of Russian Alaska, Captain P. N. Golovin’s Last Report, 1862.
853:
Russland nebst Teheran, Port Arthur, Peking. In Handbuch Für Reisende
838:
737:
624:(Russian: "Всадник"), both built in the southwestern Finnish town of
616:(Russian: "Новик"), and two Finnish-built clippers, the sister-ships
589:
492:
488:
301:
265:
196:
188:
1494:
From the History of Russia's Pacific Fleet – Founding of Vladivostok
576:
In 1863, a six-vessel Russian Imperial Navy squadron, a part of the
96:. Unexpectedly, in 1860 Kalevala was pointed in the service of the
874:
Documenting the Legacy of the Alaska Finns: from the Russian Period
869:. (Washington D.C.: Library of Congress Manuscript Division, 1964).
1020:ф.1304. "Калевала", винтовой корвет балтийского флота (1858–1872).
567:
564:
Kalevala in San Francisco in 1863-1864 - during the U.S. Civil War
22:, a.k.a. "Calevala" (Russian: Калевала), was a propeller-operated
876:. (S.l.: Finnish- American Historical Society of the West, 1996).
817:, Sitka Lutheran Church - Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.
515:, as well as a cape, a point and a mountain named after Etholén.
625:
137:
413:
served as the parish organists/sextons during the same period.
332:. After having been pointed the Chief Manager ("governor") of
1410:, Taru Spiegel, Reference Librarian. The Library of Congress.
416:
In 1841, under the governorship of Russian America by Finnish
519:
Kalevala in San Francisco in 1861 - during the U.S. Civil War
371:
congregation on the west coast of the Americas and the first
724:
a much needed lift from the very somber mood caused by the
1187:Нa краю Восточной Руси – (К.М. Станюкович во Владивостоке)
1099:("Public News of Finland"), No. 10. March 3, 1859, page 4.
116:
to the vessel's new home port on the Russian coast of the
1448:
The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley.
943:. (Freeport, New York: Books for Libraries Press, 1969).
632:, who later became the Minister of Naval Affairs of the
964:. (Helsinfors: Genealogiska Samfundet i Finland, 1938).
1386:
Scandinavian Immigration to Russian Alaska, 1800-1867.
1316:
Scandinavian Immigration to Russian Alaska, 1800-1867.
1569:
When San Franciscans Paid $ 100 Each For Ball Tickets
806:
When San Franciscans paid $ 100 Each for Ball Tickets
420:(1840-1845) (promoted to rear admiral in 1847), the
308:. In 1824, Etholén skippered the Finnish-built brig
1572:, San Francisco Chronicle. April 18, 1914. Page 1.
1476:
1863-1864 Russian Fleet Expedition to North America
809:, San Francisco Chronicle. April 18, 1914. Page 1.
787:during the time when there was a great fear of the
700:Another Russian six-vessel squadron, a part of the
30:. The construction of it was completed in 1858 at
1264:in 1840-1845, rear admiral, explorer (in Finnish).
1164:Suomen Julkisia Sanomia ("Public News of Finland")
1073:Suomen Julkisia Sanomia ("Public News of Finland")
471:. According to a contract which had been signed,
1189:(a fragment, "K. M. Stanyukovich in Vladivostok")
941:Vitus Bering: the Discoverer of the Bering Strait
38:. From 1860 to 1865, the corvette served in the
1347:Journal by Maria Enckell at Migration Institute.
1022:Аннотированный реестр описей фондов (1696-1917).
604:, this squadron included three other corvettes,
179:was the name of Russian colonial possessions in
1505:Latter Half of the 19th Century – The Ironclads
1527:
1525:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1456:
1454:
1015:
1013:
962:Landsmän i Ryska Marinen, 1808-1918 - Vol. 14
336:, Etholén skippered the Finnish-built vessel
172:Finnish seamen and vessels in Russian America
8:
1326:Author: Maria Jarlsdotter Enckell. Page 108.
897:(Portland: Oregon Historical Society, 1979).
883:. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976).
553:following quote, which describes the event:
957:(Kingston, Ontario: Limestone Press, 1990).
950:(Kingston, Ontario: Limestone Press, 1972).
1606:(355). New York: 661–662. 17 October 1863.
1557:SFFD - Those Who Died in the Line of Duty.
1541:
1539:
1166:, no. 15, p. 4, 20 February 1860
1075:, no. 94, p. 4, 13 December 1858
955:Russian-Alaska: a Biographical Dictionary.
475:had to deliver a certain amount of ice to
1272:
1270:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
987:
985:
132:, as well as two clippers, Finnish-built
1471:
1469:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
971:. Bo: Frenckeliska Boktryckerier, 1872.
904:. (Helsingfors: Welin & Göös, 1893).
144:, which had been obtained from England.
1182:
1180:
1116:, no. 143, p. 2, 25 June 1859
999:, no. 148, p. 2, 30 June 1865
981:
925:. University of Hawaii. 1993. Honolulu.
923:The Russian Far East: Historical Essays
916:Amerikan Suomalaisten Historia - Vol. 1
783:, which had no war ships to defend the
459:. After he became the Chief Manager of
83:Kalevala in the Pacific Fleet of Russia
1646:Finnish-American culture in California
1532:San Francisco History – Events of 1863
1434:San Francisco History – Events of 1861
1210:ЖЕЛТУХИН Федор Николаевич (1826-1898).
1160:"'Kalevala' höyrylaivaan koneilijoita"
1050:, no. 151, p. 1, 5 July 1858
54:Construction and launching of Kalevala
387:, and other Lutherans who worked for
320:, and the following year the frigate
183:from 1733 to 1867, that today is the
7:
1141:, no. 50, p. 1, 2 May 1860
1135:"Utnämningar, lediga tjenster m. m."
865:Dorch, Elisabeth, and Dorch, John:
750:The two Russian navy expeditions to
348:in 1939-1940. On the same day with
1701:Ships of the Imperial Russian Navy
1396:Author: Maria Jarlsdotter Enckell.
1258:Etholén, Arvid Adolf (1798 - 1876)
855:. (Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1912).
124:consisted of two other corvettes,
14:
1656:Ships built in the Russian Empire
909:Siperian Suomalaiset Siirtolaiset
886:Gordon Roadarmel (compiled by):
636:(similar role to Great Britain's
219:(a.k.a. Etolin) in 1840-1845 and
1629:- published on October 30, 2013.
841:- published on October 30, 2013.
211:Chief Managers ("governors") of
88:Kalevala in the Russian Far East
716:. The Baltic Fleet arrived in
1222:Владивосток начинался с храма.
663:, the six vessels anchored in
156:, on the Pacific coast of the
140:in 1860) and its model vessel
42:. At the time, Finland was an
1:
872:Enckell, Maria Jarlsdotter:
814:New Archangel, Russian Alaska
914:Ilmonen, Salomon, Samuli:
678:The San Francisco Chronicle
638:First Lord of the Admiralty
375:congregation on the entire
1722:
659:Commanded by Rear Admiral
60:Johan Eberhard von Schantz
1517:Avellan, Theodor Kristian
1114:Finlands Allmänna Tidning
1048:Finlands Allmänna Tidning
921:Khisamutdinov, Amir A.:
550:Flag of the United States
258:Russian frigate Kamchatka
1691:19th-century naval ships
993:"De finska skeppsvarfen"
791:naval vessels attacking
630:Theodor Kristian Avellan
389:Russian-American Company
352:, also the Russian ship
226:Russian-American Company
205:Russian-American Company
100:, with new home port in
1681:Victorian-era corvettes
1623:Webster Griffin Tarpley
1110:"Ångkorvetten Kalevala"
1097:Suomen Julkisia Sanomia
835:Webster Griffin Tarpley
620:(Russian: "Абрек") and
511:of 1867. There is also
405:(1852-1865). The Finns
98:Pacific Fleet of Russia
46:(1809-1917) within the
40:Pacific Fleet of Russia
1666:Naval ships of Finland
1594:"Our Russian Visitors"
1277:Johan Hampus Furuhjelm
967:Stenius, Carl Evert:
858:Benjamin F. Gilbert:
573:
453:Johan Hampus Furuhjelm
221:Johan Hampus Furuhjelm
44:autonomous grand duchy
1696:Naval ships of Russia
1546:Пожар в Сан-Франциско
1069:"Höyrylaiva Kalevala"
953:Pierce, Richard A.:
946:Pierce, Richard A.:
934:Doubleday (publisher)
900:Grand, Johannes G.:
730:Battle of Chickamauga
708:only days before the
600:now returning to the
578:Russian Pacific Fleet
571:
365:Sitka Lutheran Church
150:Russian Pacific Fleet
16:Finnish navy corvette
1671:Corvettes of Finland
1651:Ships built in Turku
1407:The Finns in America
907:Grand, Johannes G.:
893:Golovin, Pavel N.:
734:Russian Baltic Fleet
728:defeat in the great
702:Russian Baltic Fleet
676:Francisco newspaper
525:California Gold Rush
446:California Gold Rush
360:from 1850 to 1855).
166:Peter the Great Gulf
1686:Victorian-era ships
1676:Corvettes of Russia
1044:"Ångfartyget Suomi"
997:Helsingfors Dagblad
939:Lauridsen, Peter:
879:Gibson, James R.:
762:and another to the
418:Arvid Adolf Etholén
403:Georg Gustaf Winter
254:Arvid Adolf Etholén
217:Arvid Adolf Etholén
191:and settlements in
102:Nikolayevsk-on-Amur
1481:2008-09-30 at the
1392:2015-09-05 at the
1364:2015-09-05 at the
1343:2015-09-05 at the
1322:2015-09-05 at the
1301:2015-09-05 at the
1032:Калевала - корвет.
888:Some Dates of 1861
594:American Civil War
574:
451:In 1850 and 1852,
442:Coloma, California
411:Otto Reinhold Rehn
32:Turku Old Shipyard
1260:Chief Manager of
902:Sex År i Sibirien
851:Baedeker, Karl:
704:, arrived in the
531:. In addition to
487:as the Consul of
444:, leading to the
340:("Nicolai") from
272:, the capital of
64:Senate of Finland
1713:
1661:Ships of Finland
1630:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1590:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1565:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1543:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1473:
1464:
1458:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1417:
1411:
1403:
1397:
1382:
1369:
1354:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1312:
1306:
1291:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1255:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1004:
989:
712:anchored at the
422:Russian-American
401:(1845-1852) and
290:Sandwich Islands
207:(RAC) in 1799.
158:Russian Far East
106:Russian Far East
1721:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1710:
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833:- a lecture by
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785:U.S. West Coast
772:Abraham Lincoln
746:Washington D.C.
714:U.S. West Coast
706:U.S. East Coast
698:
654:Russian America
602:U.S. West Coast
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509:Alaska Purchase
501:U.S. West Coast
485:Gustave Niebaum
473:Russian America
461:Russian America
457:U.S. West Coast
399:Gabriel Plathán
379:was founded in
358:Russian America
334:Russian America
278:Novoarkhangelsk
274:Russian America
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634:Russian Empire
586:United Kingdom
565:
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495:a part of the
455:sailed to the
436:, was sold to
407:Aaron Sjöstrom
256:skippered the
252:In 1817-1818,
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1168:, retrieved
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1047:
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1001:, retrieved
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781:Union forces
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28:Finnish navy
19:
18:
789:Confederate
754:during the
742:Minneapolis
661:A. A. Popov
582:Vladivostok
523:During the
377:Pacific Rim
294:Pacific Rim
276:, known as
162:Vladivostok
154:Vladivostok
1706:1858 ships
1640:Categories
1582:«КАЛЕВАЛА»
1237:- the bay.
976:References
776:Union Army
766:, and the
764:East Coast
760:West Coast
726:Union Army
722:Union Army
688:in 1865.
686:Baltic Sea
465:Ice Treaty
434:California
430:Bodega Bay
369:Protestant
354:Konstantin
318:California
300:, between
286:California
193:California
185:U.S. State
136:(built in
114:Baltic Sea
73:Baltic Sea
682:Kronstadt
537:Furuhjelm
426:Fort Ross
363:In 1839,
350:Nikolai I
342:Kronstadt
338:Nikolai I
330:Kronstadt
282:Archangel
262:Kronstadt
215:included
110:Kronstadt
77:Kronstadt
1479:Archived
1390:Archived
1362:Archived
1341:Archived
1320:Archived
1299:Archived
1235:Kalevala
936:, 1957).
774:and the
768:Kalevala
690:Kalevala
644:and Mr.
598:Kalevala
545:Kalevala
424:area of
373:Lutheran
304:and the
268:port of
195:(1) and
142:Gaidamak
122:Far East
94:Far East
24:corvette
20:Kalevala
1627:C-SPAN3
839:C-SPAN3
684:at the
670:Etholén
650:Etholén
646:Etholén
642:Enqvist
622:Vsadnik
606:Bogatyr
541:Niebaum
533:Etholén
322:Kreiser
266:Alaskan
264:to the
209:Finnish
201:Oceania
126:Bogatyr
112:at the
104:in the
36:Finland
26:of the
1170:2 July
1145:2 July
1139:Wiborg
1120:2 July
1079:2 July
1054:2 July
1003:2 July
738:Boston
590:France
493:Alaska
489:Russia
310:Baikal
302:Alaska
280:("New
197:Hawaii
189:Alaska
618:Abrek
614:Novik
610:Rynda
467:with
385:Finns
346:Sitka
326:Sitka
324:from
314:Sitka
312:from
270:Sitka
260:from
134:Abrek
130:Rynda
1172:2014
1147:2014
1122:2014
1081:2014
1056:2014
1005:2014
744:and
626:Pori
612:and
539:and
409:and
138:Pori
128:and
1604:VII
672:).
656:).
652:of
588:or
428:in
383:by
344:to
328:to
316:to
296:of
187:of
1642::
1602:.
1596:.
1538:^
1524:^
1468:^
1453:^
1373:^
1284:^
1269:^
1244:^
1179:^
1162:,
1137:,
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1095:,
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1046:,
1012:^
995:,
984:^
795:.
740:,
608:,
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503:.
432:,
288:,
228::
168:.
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34:,
1463:.
1436:.
1368:.
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